Battery management device and battery control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery management device. The method comprises the steps of obtaining at least one of a voltage value, a current value and a temperature value of a battery cell from one or more sensors; calculating a state of charge of the battery cell based on at least one of the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value; estimating a negative voltage value based on at least one of a state of charge, a voltage value, a current value, and a temperature value of the battery cell; and determining a target output value of the battery cell based on the estimated cathode voltage value and a reference output value of the battery cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a battery control method and a battery management device for performing the method. Background Technology

[0002] In the use of lithium-ion batteries, fires can occur due to lithium plating (e.g., dendrite formation) when the negative electrode voltage reaches a predetermined range. Techniques for controlling battery output power to prevent this are primarily based on determining the output command value based on the battery's current state of X (Sox), battery current, battery temperature, and battery voltage, ensuring that the battery terminal voltage is within a range between overvoltage and undervoltage reference values. Furthermore, current research is underway on battery control methods that are flexible enough to be applied not only to charging the battery in a plugged-in state but also to various other operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical goals

[0004] An exemplary embodiment of this disclosure prevents lithium plating by estimating the negative electrode voltage, in addition to the terminal voltage of the battery cell, via parameters associated with a negative electrode voltage estimation model.

[0005] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure set an appropriate output value for charging power by continuously monitoring the negative electrode voltage value, preventing lithium plating and flexibly managing the charging power.

[0006] Technical solution

[0007] According to an example embodiment, a battery control method executed by a battery management device is provided. The battery control method includes: acquiring at least one of a voltage value, a current value, and a temperature value of a battery cell from one or more sensors; calculating the state of charge of the battery cell based on at least one of the voltage value, current value, and temperature value; estimating a negative electrode voltage value based on at least one of the state of charge, voltage value, current value, and temperature value of the battery cell; and determining a target output value of the battery cell based on the estimated negative electrode voltage value and a reference output value of the battery cell.

[0008] The determination may include determining that the target output value is reduced by the first control unit value when the negative voltage value is less than the first reference value.

[0009] When the difference between the negative voltage value and the first reference value is greater, the first control unit value can be determined to be greater.

[0010] At least one of the first reference value and the first control unit value can be determined based on user input.

[0011] The determination may include increasing the target output value by a second control unit value when the negative voltage value exceeds the second reference value.

[0012] When the difference between the negative voltage value and the second reference value is greater, the second control unit value can be determined to be larger.

[0013] At least one of the second reference value and the second control unit value can be determined based on user input.

[0014] The battery control method may also include setting the target output value to be equal to the reference output value when the target output value exceeds the reference output value.

[0015] Reference output values ​​can be obtained based on the voltage, current, and temperature values ​​of individual battery cells, as well as their state of charge.

[0016] According to an example embodiment, a battery management device configured to perform a battery control method is also provided. The battery management device includes: one or more sensors configured to acquire at least one of a voltage value, a current value, and a temperature value of a battery cell; a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor connected to the memory, and the processor can be configured to: acquire at least one of a voltage value, a current value, and a temperature value of a battery cell from the one or more sensors; calculate the state of charge of the battery cell based on at least one of the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value; estimate a negative electrode voltage value based on at least one of the state of charge, the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value of the battery cell; and determine a target output value of the battery cell based on the estimated negative electrode voltage value and a reference output value of the battery cell.

[0017] Additional aspects of the exemplary embodiments will be set forth in part in the following description and accompanying drawings.

[0018] Effects of the present invention

[0019] According to an example embodiment, lithium plating can be prevented by estimating the negative electrode voltage, in addition to the terminal voltage of the battery cell, via parameters associated with the negative electrode voltage estimation model.

[0020] According to the example embodiment, an appropriate output value of charging power can be set by continuously monitoring the negative electrode voltage value, preventing lithium plating and flexibly managing the charging power. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a diagram used to describe the configuration of a system that performs a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2a and Figure 2b This is a diagram used to describe the overall concept of a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0023] Figure 3This is a diagram used to describe the process of estimating the negative electrode voltage value in a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a flowchart describing a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a diagram used to describe an output control method based on a range of negative electrode voltage values ​​in a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a flowchart describing the battery output control operation in the battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating a battery management device according to an example embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0028] While considering the functionality obtained under this disclosure, terms used in the exemplary embodiments are selected from a wide range of commonly used terms, but these terms may be replaced by other terms based on the intent, habits, or emergence of new technologies of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, in specific cases, terms arbitrarily chosen by the applicant of this disclosure may be used. In such cases, the meanings of these terms may be described in the corresponding descriptive sections of this disclosure. Therefore, it should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted based on their actual meaning and the entirety of the specification, rather than simply on their names.

[0029] Throughout the specification, when an element is referred to as "including" another element, that element should not be construed as excluding other elements, provided there is no specific conflicting description and that the element may include at least one other element.

[0030] Throughout the specification, the phrase "at least one of a, b, and c" may include all of the following: "a only", "b only", "c only", "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a, b, and c".

[0031] In this disclosure, "device" can be implemented as a computer or portable device capable of accessing a server or other device via a network. Here, a computer can include, for example, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, and a notebook equipped with a web browser. A portable device can be a wireless communication device that ensures portability and mobility, and includes any type of handheld wireless communication device, such as a tablet PC, a smartphone, or a communication-based device such as International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), W-CDMA, and Long Term Evolution (LTE).

[0032] In the following description, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, enabling those skilled in the art to readily practice the present disclosure. The present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0033] In the following description, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a diagram used to describe the configuration of a system that performs a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0035] During the charging process of lithium-ion batteries, dendrite formation, specifically lithium crystal deposition on the negative electrode surface, can occur. Dendrite formation is a major factor reducing the lifespan and stability of lithium-ion batteries. Specifically, when dendrites begin to form on the electrode surfaces, lithium ions moving between the positive and negative electrodes may move unevenly, potentially reducing battery energy efficiency and lifespan. Furthermore, as dendrite size increases with growth, it can damage the separator membrane that prevents the positive and negative electrodes from contacting each other. When the separator membrane is damaged, a short circuit may occur in the battery due to direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes, potentially causing a fire. Therefore, various studies are currently being conducted to prevent dendrite formation by appropriately managing the battery voltage.

[0036] refer to Figure 1 The system 10, which executes the battery control method, can operate by interlocking with the battery management device 100 that manages the battery cells 200. In this case, the battery cell 200 can correspond to a battery cell controlled by the battery management device 100 to prevent lithium plating. Meanwhile, in Figure 1 Only elements associated with this example embodiment are shown. Therefore, those skilled in the art who associate this example embodiment with other elements will understand that, in addition to the above, Figure 1 In addition to the components shown, other commonly used components may also be included.

[0037] The battery management device 100 may include each of one or more sensors for measuring parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature of the aforementioned battery cell 200, and includes a memory and a processor (not shown) for various operations. In other words, the battery management device 100 may operate based on the memory and processor, but may also include sensors and measure and calculate the parameters of the battery cell 200. According to an example embodiment, the battery management device 100 can measure the parameters of the battery cell 200 by applying an external AC power source (i.e., AC voltage or AC current) to the battery cell 200 at various frequencies and measuring the flowing current or voltage accordingly.

[0038] Figure 2a and Figure 2b This is a diagram used to compare the overall concept of the battery control method according to the example embodiment.

[0039] Reference Figure 2a The battery control methods in the related technologies can be identified. The battery control methods in the related technologies are mainly based on the following scheme: acquiring the state information of the battery cells by measuring the voltage, current and temperature from the battery cells 200-1, estimating the state of charge (SoC) of the battery cells based on this 210, and then performing charging output control 220 based on the voltage, current, temperature and SoC of the battery cells to control the terminal voltage, which is the sum of the positive and negative voltages of the battery cells, to prevent lithium plating.

[0040] In this case, lithium plating can be prevented by using a charging mapping based on data acquired during the insertion charging of the battery cell, by maintaining the terminal voltage of the cell within a range not exceeding an overvoltage reference (e.g., about 4.2 volts (V)) and not less than an undervoltage reference (e.g., about 2.5V) via output control 220 based on terminal voltage, using data acquired during the insertion charging of the battery cell. However, lithium plating can occur not only during the insertion charging of the battery cell but also during the regenerative charging of the battery cell during driving, and additional measures to prevent lithium plating are not yet clear in the corresponding cases.

[0041] refer to Figure 2b It can identify the battery control method according to the example embodiment.

[0042] Besides the above Figure 2a In addition to the schemes described above, which involve measuring the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cells to acquire state information 200-1, estimate the state of charge 210, and perform charge output control 220 for controlling the terminal voltage, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can also perform negative electrode voltage estimation 230 based on at least one of the state of charge, voltage, current, and temperature values ​​of the battery cell 200. Since the negative electrode voltage may not be directly measured in a typical battery cell, the battery management device 100 can estimate the negative electrode voltage, for example, by using a properly modeled negative electrode model of the battery cell. Reference will be made below. Figure 3 The process of the battery management device 100 performing negative electrode voltage estimation 230 is described in detail.

[0043] Furthermore, the battery management device 100 can additionally execute a negative electrode voltage-based output control 240 to determine a target output value for the battery cell 200 based on a reference output value having a terminal voltage obtained through output control 220 as a reference and a negative electrode voltage value estimated through negative electrode voltage estimation 230. In other words, the battery management device 100 can execute the negative electrode voltage-based output control 240 in series after executing the terminal voltage control output control 240. In this way, the battery management device 100 can appropriately control the negative electrode voltage so that the estimated negative electrode voltage value does not fall into a range, for example, less than or equal to 0V. The battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can prevent lithium plating that may occur during the recharge of the battery cell by using the negative electrode voltage estimation 230 and the negative electrode voltage-based output control 240 described in detail below.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a diagram used to describe the process of estimating the negative electrode voltage value in a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0045] Reference Figure 3 The structure of a negative electrode model 230-1, which can be used by a battery management device according to an example for estimating the negative electrode voltage value, can be identified. The negative electrode model 230-1 may include, for example, a negative electrode 231, a negative electrode separation membrane 231-1 surrounding the negative electrode 231, a positive electrode 232, a positive electrode separation membrane 232-1 surrounding the positive electrode 232, and a reference electrode 233 located between the negative electrode separation membrane 231-1 and the positive electrode separation membrane 232-1, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0046] The battery management device 100 can estimate the negative electrode voltage value based on at least one of the battery cell's state of charge, voltage value, current value, and temperature. For example, to estimate the negative electrode voltage value 256 from the negative electrode model 230-1, the battery management device 100 can use, for example... Figure 3The modeling circuit 250 shown can acquire multiple parameters by analyzing the voltage response data output when various current pulses are input to the circuit, and can estimate the negative electrode voltage value based on this. For example, after acquiring the open-circuit voltage 252 after applying current 251, the battery management device 100 can acquire multiple parameters including the negative electrode ohmic resistance Ro (reference numeral 253), the negative electrode internal resistance Rp (reference numeral 254), and the negative electrode internal capacitance Cp (reference numeral 255). In this case, for example, the negative electrode internal resistance Rp (reference numeral 254) can be acquired considering the state of charge of the battery cell, and the battery management device 100 can estimate the negative electrode voltage value 256 based on the parameters. In this case, the negative electrode voltage value 256 can be the voltage of the negative terminal, which is measured with reference electrode 233 as a ground reference. The modeling circuit 250 can be, for example, a circuit considering lightweight, computationally-light circuit models, but is not limited to the above-described cases according to the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. For example, the battery management device 100 can acquire the negative terminal voltage such that the error between the actual negative cell voltage and the terminal voltage acquired by the circuit based on the negative ECM is very small (e.g., within an error margin of approximately 10 to 17 mV root mean square error (RMSE), and with a maximum error in the range of 27 mV to 42 mV).

[0047] Figure 4 This is a flowchart describing a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0048] refer to Figure 4 In operation 410, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can acquire at least one of the voltage, current, and temperature values ​​of a battery cell from one or more sensors. The voltage value of the battery cell can be detected by a voltage sensor, converted into an electrical signal, and acquired. The current value of the battery cell can be acquired by detecting changes in the magnetic field that occur simultaneously with the flow of current via a current sensor. The temperature value of the battery cell can be acquired by a temperature sensor attached to the surface or interior of the battery to measure the temperature of the battery.

[0049] In operation 420, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can calculate the state of charge (SOC) of a battery cell based on at least one of a voltage value, a current value, and a temperature value. The System of Charge (SoC) of a battery cell can be calculated using predefined voltage values ​​and SOC characteristics. The SoC can be calculated by integrating the current over time to measure the amount of charging or discharging.

[0050] In operation 430, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can estimate the negative electrode voltage based on at least one of the battery cell's state of charge, voltage value, current value, and temperature value. The battery management device 100 can then estimate the negative electrode voltage based on the above-described... Figure 3The negative electrode model and ECM-based circuit described in the paper are used to estimate the negative electrode voltage value.

[0051] In operation 440, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can determine the target output value of a battery cell based on an estimated negative electrode voltage value and a reference output value of the battery cell. The battery management device 100 can flexibly change the target output value of the battery cell by taking the reference output value into account, so that the negative electrode voltage value does not enter a range where lithium plating is possible.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a diagram used to describe an output control method based on a range of negative electrode voltage values ​​in a battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0053] According to the example embodiment, the battery management device can identify the negative electrode voltage state of the battery based on the battery's negative electrode voltage value, a lithium plating value 501, a first reference value 503 for determining the risk of lithium plating due to a decrease in the battery's negative electrode voltage value, and a second reference value 505 as a reference for determining whether the battery's negative electrode voltage value is safe from the risk of lithium plating or as an overcharge reference, and can perform appropriate battery output control. Here, the first reference value 503 may be greater than the lithium plating value 501, the second reference value 505 may be greater than the first reference value 503, and both the first reference value 503 and the second reference value 505 can be flexibly determined by user input.

[0054] Here, the lithium plating value 501 can vary depending on the battery's operating conditions, but it can typically be the negative electrode potential value at which lithium plating occurs to initiate dendrite formation, and can correspond to, for example, approximately 0V.

[0055] Here, the first reference value 503 may correspond to a reference value used to determine the need to change the negative electrode voltage of the battery to a higher value, because the negative electrode voltage of the battery is close to the lithium plating value 501 during battery operation and can be set, for example, to about 0.1V. For example, when the negative electrode voltage is less than the first reference value 503 and exceeds the lithium plating value 501 as shown by the first negative electrode voltage value 502, the battery management device 100 may perform control to change the target output value in such a way that the first negative electrode voltage value 502 has a second negative electrode voltage value 504 that is within a range that exceeds the first reference value 503 and is less than the second reference value 505, thereby changing the target output value.

[0056] Here, the second reference value 505 can correspond to a reference value used to determine that the increase in the output to be controlled is permissible because the negative electrode voltage value is sufficiently far from the lithium plating value 501 during battery operation, and can be set to, for example, approximately 0.2V. For example, when the negative electrode voltage value exceeds the second reference value 505 as shown by the third negative electrode voltage value 506, the battery management device 100 can also perform control to change the target output value because it can determine that even if the increase in charging output used during charging causes the negative electrode voltage value to decrease slightly, the negative electrode voltage value is still sufficiently greater than the lithium plating value 501.

[0057] Figure 6 This is a flowchart describing the battery output control operation in the battery control method according to an example embodiment.

[0058] refer to Figure 6 In operation 610, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can determine a target output value as a reference output value. For example, the battery management device 100 can determine the target output value based on a negative electrode voltage value estimated from a negative electrode model based on at least one of the battery cell's state of charge, voltage value, current value, and temperature value, and a reference output value obtained based on the battery cell's voltage value, current value, and temperature value, and can determine the target output value as the reference output value in operation 610 of the battery control method. The battery management device 100 can perform control such that, throughout the overall execution of the battery control method, the estimated negative electrode value does not decrease to less than or equal to the lithium plating value.

[0059] In operation 615, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can determine whether the estimated negative electrode voltage value is less than a first reference value. When it is determined in operation 615 that the estimated negative electrode voltage value is less than the first reference value, the battery management device 100 can allow the estimated negative electrode voltage value to be greater than the first reference value in operation 620 by reducing the target output value by a first control unit value. In this case, the first control unit value can be determined to be larger when the difference between the negative electrode voltage value and the first reference value is larger. When a high level of concern regarding lithium plating is determined because the negative electrode voltage value is significantly different from the first reference value, the battery management device 100 can determine that the first control unit value is large in order to quickly reduce the target output value. For example, at least one of the first reference value and the first control unit value can be determined based on user input, and the battery management device 100 can perform flexible battery control to correspond to various operating conditions. When it is determined in operation 615 that the estimated negative electrode voltage value is not less than the first reference value, the battery management device 100 can repeatedly perform monitoring of the estimated voltage value without changing the target output value.

[0060] In operation 625, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can determine whether the estimated negative electrode voltage value exceeds a second reference value. For example, when the estimated negative electrode voltage value exceeds the second reference value, in operation 630, the battery management device 100 can allow the estimated negative electrode voltage value to be less than the second reference value by increasing the target output value by a second control unit value. In this case, the second control unit value can be determined to be larger when the difference between the negative electrode voltage value and the second reference value is larger. When the concern about lithium plating is determined to be low because the negative electrode voltage value is significantly different from the second reference value, and when the concern about lithium plating is determined to be low even if the charging output used to charge the battery cells is sufficiently increased, the battery management device 100 can determine that the second control unit value is large in order to further increase the target output value by a sufficient amount. For example, at least one of the second reference value and the second control unit value can be determined based on user input, and the battery management device 100 can perform flexible battery control to correspond to various operating conditions. When it is determined in operation 625 that the estimated negative voltage value does not exceed the second reference value, the battery management device 100 can repeatedly perform monitoring of the estimated voltage value without changing the reduced target output value.

[0061] In operation 635, the battery management device 100 according to the example embodiment can determine whether the target output value exceeds the reference output value. If the target output value increases in operation 630 and is determined to exceed the reference output value in operation 635, the battery management device 100 can return to operation 610, set the target output value as the reference output value, and repeat the above operation. That is, the battery management device 100 can monitor the negative electrode voltage value based on the voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge of the battery cells, obtain a reference output value, and then flexibly change the target output value by continuously monitoring the negative electrode voltage value, while avoiding the risk of lithium plating and considering an appropriate balance with regenerative charging.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating a battery management device according to an example embodiment.

[0063] The battery management device 100 may include one or more sensors 103, a memory 101, and a processor 102 for acquiring at least one of the voltage, current, and temperature values ​​of individual battery cells. Figure 6 The battery management device 100 shown only includes elements associated with this example embodiment. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that, in addition to the elements associated with this example embodiment, other elements may also be present. Figure 6 In addition to the components shown, other commonly used components may also be included. In the example embodiment, the processor 102 may be included in the controller.

[0064] The processor 102 can control the overall operation of the battery management device 100 and process data and signals. The processor 102 may include at least one hardware unit. Furthermore, the processor 102 can be operated by one or more software modules generated by executing program code stored in the memory 101. Since the processor 102 may include memory, it can control the overall operation of the battery management device 100 and process data and signals by executing program code stored in the memory.

[0065] The processor 102 can be configured to acquire at least one of the voltage, current and temperature values ​​of a battery cell from one or more sensors 103, calculate the state of charge of the battery cell based on at least one of the voltage, current and temperature values, estimate the negative electrode voltage based on at least one of the state of charge, voltage, current and temperature values ​​of the battery cell, and determine the target output value of the battery cell based on the estimated negative electrode voltage and a reference output value of the battery cell.

[0066] For example, processor 102 can be configured to determine that the first control unit value should be reduced to the target output value when the negative voltage value is less than the first reference value.

[0067] For example, processor 102 can be configured to determine that the second control unit value should be increased by the target output value when the negative voltage value exceeds the second reference value.

[0068] For example, when the target output value exceeds the reference output value due to a change in the target output value, the processor 102 can be configured to determine the target output value as equal to the reference output value.

[0069] Sensor 103 may include multiple sensors and acquire at least one of the voltage, current and temperature values ​​of a single battery cell.

[0070] Depending on the example embodiment, the battery management device 100 may additionally include a transceiver for performing wired / wireless communication. The battery management device 100 can communicate with external electronic devices using the transceiver. This electronic device may be a terminal or a server. Furthermore, the communication technologies used by the transceiver may include Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), ZigBee, Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.

[0071] The apparatus according to the above example embodiments may include a processor, a memory for storing and executing program data, a permanent storage device such as a disk drive, a communication port for communicating with external devices, and a user interface device such as a touch panel, buttons, and icons. Methods implemented by software modules or algorithms can be stored as computer-readable code or program instructions executable in a processor on a computer-readable recording medium. Here, the computer-readable recording medium may include magnetic storage media (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), floppy disk, hard disk, etc.), optical reading media (e.g., CD-ROM or digital versatile disc (DVD)), etc. The computer-readable recording medium can be distributed across a network-connected computer system, allowing the computer-readable code to be stored and executed in a distributed manner. The medium can be read by a computer, stored in memory, and executed by a processor.

[0072] This example embodiment can be represented by functional blocks and various processing steps. These functional blocks can be implemented by various numbers of hardware and / or software configurations that perform specific functions. For example, this example embodiment can employ integrated circuit configurations such as memory, processors, logic circuits, and lookup tables, which can perform various functions by controlling one or more microprocessors or other control devices. Similar to how this element can be implemented by software programming or software elements, this example embodiment can be implemented by programming or scripting languages ​​such as C, C++, Java, and assembly languages, which include various algorithms implemented by combinations of data structures, procedures, routines, or other programming configurations. Functional aspects can be implemented by algorithms executed by one or more processors. Furthermore, this example embodiment can employ related techniques for, for example, electronic environment setup, signal processing, and / or data processing. The terms “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and “configuration” can be used broadly and are not limited to mechanical and physical components. For example, these terms can include the meaning of a series of software routines associated with a processor.

[0073] The above embodiments are merely examples, and other embodiments may be implemented within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery control method performed by a battery management device, the battery control method comprising: obtaining at least one of a voltage value, a current value, and a temperature value of a battery cell from one or more sensors; calculating a state of charge of the battery cell based on the at least one of the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value; estimating a negative electrode voltage value based on at least one of the state of charge of the battery cell, the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value; and determining a target output value of the battery cell based on the estimated negative electrode voltage value and a reference output value of the battery cell. The determining includes determining that the target output value is decreased by a first control unit value when the negative electrode voltage value is less than a first reference value.

2. The battery control method according to claim 1, wherein The first control unit value is determined to be larger when a difference between the negative electrode voltage value and the first reference value is larger.

3. The battery control method according to claim 2, wherein At least one of the first reference value and the first control unit value is determined based on a user input.

4. The battery control method according to claim 2, wherein The determining includes determining that the target output value is increased by a second control unit value when the negative electrode voltage value exceeds a second reference value.

5. The battery control method according to claim 1, wherein The second control unit value is determined to be larger when a difference between the negative electrode voltage value and the second reference value is larger.

6. The battery control method according to claim 5, wherein At least one of the second reference value and the second control unit value is determined based on a user input.

7. The battery control method according to claim 5, wherein The target output value is determined to be a value equal to the reference output value when the target output value exceeds the reference output value.

8. The battery control method of claim 5, further comprising: The reference output value is obtained based on the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value of the battery cell and the state of charge.

9. The battery control method according to claim 1, wherein 10.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium in which a program for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a server is recorded. 11.A battery management device configured to perform a battery control method, the battery management device comprising: one or more sensors configured to obtain at least one of a voltage value, a current value, and a temperature value of a battery cell; a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor connected to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to: obtain at least one of the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value of the battery cell from the one or more sensors; calculate a state of charge of the battery cell based on the at least one of the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value; estimate a negative electrode voltage value based on at least one of the state of charge of the battery cell, the voltage value, the current value, and the temperature value; and determine a target output value of the battery cell based on the estimated negative electrode voltage value and a reference output value of the battery cell. ​ ​

Images