Green organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer processing, in particular to a green organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, pretreatment of raw materials; s2, mixing the materials; s3, adjusting moisture and pH value; step S4, inoculating a fermentation inoculant; step S5, composting fermentation; step S6, fermentation management; step S7, performing secondary fermentation; and step S8, quality detection and packaging. The prepared green organic fertilizer is prepared through scientific proportioning of straw carbon and manure, has multiple remarkable benefits, can increase the content of organic matter, optimize the granular structure, enhance ventilation and water retention, reduce volume weight and promote root development on the soil level, can provide comprehensive nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and medium trace elements on the nutrient level, and has a good application prospect. Organic matters are slowly decomposed and released to meet crop requirements; in the ecological level, resource utilization of straw and manure is achieved, pollution in the aspects of incineration and emission is reduced, dependence on chemical fertilizer is reduced, and the risk of pollution to soil and water is relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer processing technology, specifically to a green organic fertilizer and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of the concept of sustainable agricultural development, the market demand for green organic fertilizer is constantly rising. The preparation of green organic fertilizer using straw charcoal and manure can not only efficiently treat agricultural waste (such as straw burning and indiscriminate manure discharge), reducing environmental pollution, but also deliver abundant nutrients to the soil, optimize soil aggregate structure, and enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. This, in turn, promotes the green, ecological, and sustainable development of agriculture, meeting the needs of modern agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a green organic fertilizer and its preparation method, which is prepared by scientifically combining straw charcoal and manure, and has multiple significant benefits, realizing the resource utilization of straw and manure, and reducing pollution from burning and emissions.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a green organic fertilizer, which is prepared by mixing straw charcoal and manure, wherein the volume ratio of straw charcoal to manure is 2:3 to 3:2.

[0005] A method for preparing a green organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: Step S1, Pretreatment of raw materials: Select a suitable type of straw for straw charcoal preparation, chop the straw into 5-10cm lengths, and carbonize it using oxygen-limited pyrolysis. In an oxygen-deficient or micro-oxygen environment, heat the straw at a temperature of 350-450℃ to convert it into straw charcoal. Then crush the straw charcoal and collect fresh livestock and poultry manure. Spread the manure out to dry and reduce its moisture content to 50%-60%. To reduce harmful bacteria and insect eggs, perform preliminary composting. Step S2, material mixing: Mix straw charcoal and manure in a volume ratio of 2:3 to 3:2, using mechanical stirring or manual turning. Add appropriate amounts of superphosphate or potassium sulfate according to soil nutrient status and target crop requirements. Step S3: Adjusting moisture and pH: During the stirring process, spray an appropriate amount of water with a spray bottle to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50% to 60%, and check the pH during the stirring process to adjust it to a suitable range of 6.5 to 7.5. Step S4, Inoculation with fermentation agent: Select a fermentation agent containing a variety of beneficial microorganisms. Add 0.8-1.2 kg of agent per ton of material. First, mix the agent thoroughly with an appropriate amount of rice bran or wheat bran, then evenly spread it into the material pile. While spreading, turn the pile to ensure that the agent and the material are in full contact, providing microbial power for fermentation. Step S5, composting and fermentation: pile the mixed materials into a windrow shape, with a height of 1.2 to 1.5m, a bottom width of 1.5 to 2m, and a length depending on the site. Make holes in the pile every 30 to 50cm with wooden sticks or steel pipes, with a hole diameter of 3 to 5cm. Step S6, Fermentation Management: In the early stage of fermentation, the temperature of the pile will gradually rise due to microbial activity. When the temperature reaches above 60℃, maintain it for 2-3 days and record the temperature changes. When the temperature reaches the set high temperature threshold, perform the pile turning operation. Step S7, Secondary Fermentation: After the high-temperature fermentation is completed, the material is piled up and compacted appropriately, covered with plastic film for secondary fermentation and continued for 2-3 weeks to promote further maturation of the fertilizer; Step S8, Quality Inspection and Packaging: After fermentation, the green organic fertilizer is inspected for quality and packaged in plastic or woven bags. Product information is labeled and the fertilizer is stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouse.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the selected straw type is corn straw or wheat straw, and the particle size of the straw carbon after crushing is controlled at 2-5 mm.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the livestock and poultry manure is selected from cow manure, pig manure or chicken manure, and the temperature of the pile is raised to 55-65°C during the composting process and maintained for 3-5 days.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the amount of superphosphate added is 20-30 kg per ton of material, or potassium sulfate is added to supplement potassium fertilizer, at a rate of 10-15 kg per ton of material.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, the method for determining the acidity or alkalinity is to grab a handful of material, squeeze it tightly so that there is water stain between the fingers but no dripping water, and the material can be dispersed after releasing the hand. The acidity or alkalinity of the material is tested with pH test paper. If it is acidic, an appropriate amount of lime powder is added to adjust it. If it is alkaline, a small amount of sulfur powder is added.

[0010] Preferably, in step S4, the selected fermentation agent is a compound agent containing Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast.

[0011] Preferably, the specific steps of the turning operation in step S6 are as follows: Step S6.1: The first turning of the pile should be carried out after the temperature reaches above 60℃ and is maintained for 2 to 3 days. When turning the pile, turn the material on the outer layer to the middle and the material at the bottom layer to the top layer to make the fermentation more uniform. Step S6.2: Subsequently, whenever the temperature rises above 60℃ again and remains there for 2-3 days, the pile should be turned over once. The entire fermentation process usually requires turning the pile over 3-5 times. Step S6.3: As fermentation proceeds, the temperature of the pile will gradually stabilize below 40℃, indicating that the high-temperature fermentation stage is basically over.

[0012] Preferably, in step S8, the detection items include nutrient content, organic matter content, water content, pH, heavy metal content, and microbial indicators.

[0013] Preferably, in step S8, the product information labeled includes name, nutrient content, implementation standard, and production date.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The green organic fertilizer produced by this invention is prepared through a scientific ratio of straw charcoal and manure, and has multiple significant benefits. At the soil level, it can increase organic matter content, optimize granular structure, enhance aeration and water retention, reduce bulk density, and promote root development. At the nutrient level, it can provide comprehensive nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, and the slow decomposition and release of organic matter matches the needs of crops. At the ecological level, it realizes the resource utilization of straw and manure, reduces pollution from burning and emissions, reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, and mitigates the risk of soil and water pollution. The three benefits work synergistically to promote green and sustainable agricultural development, meeting the urgent needs of modern agriculture for environmental protection, efficiency, and sustainability. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Green organic fertilizer is made by mixing straw charcoal and manure. Straw charcoal has a rich porous structure, which can increase soil aeration and water retention. Its rich carbon content can increase the soil organic carbon content and enhance the persistence of soil fertility. In addition, the surface of straw charcoal carries an electric charge, which can adsorb nutrient molecules in the soil and reduce nutrient loss. Manure contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients that are essential for plant growth. It is also rich in organic matter, which can improve soil structure, promote soil microbial activity and improve the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water.

[0018] A method for preparing a green organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: Step S1, Pretreatment of raw materials: Pretreatment of straw and manure. For straw charcoal preparation, select appropriate types of straw, such as corn straw and wheat straw, and chop the straw into 5-10 cm lengths. Carbonize the straw using limited oxygen pyrolysis. In an oxygen-deficient or micro-oxygen environment, heat the straw at a temperature of 350-450℃ to convert it into straw charcoal. Then, crush the straw charcoal to a particle size of 2-5 mm to better mix it with manure and for subsequent fermentation. Manure treatment: Collect fresh livestock and poultry manure, such as cow manure, pig manure or chicken manure. First, spread the manure out to dry and reduce its moisture content to 50% to 60%. In order to reduce harmful bacteria and insect eggs, preliminary composting can be carried out to raise the temperature of the compost pile to 55 to 65°C and maintain it for 3 to 5 days. Step S2, Material Mixing: Mix straw charcoal and manure in a volume ratio of 2:3 to 3:2. Mechanical stirring or manual turning can be used to ensure that the two are fully mixed. Depending on the soil nutrient status and the needs of the target crop, an appropriate amount of superphosphate can be added to increase the phosphate fertilizer content. Generally, 20 to 30 kg per ton of material can be added, or potassium sulfate can be added to supplement potassium fertilizer. 10 to 15 kg per ton of material can be added. Step S3: Adjusting moisture and pH: During the mixing process, spray an appropriate amount of water with a spray bottle to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50%–60%. The method for judging is: grab a handful of material, squeeze it tightly, there should be water stains between your fingers but no dripping water, and the material should be able to disperse after releasing your hand. Use pH test paper to test the acidity and alkalinity of the material. If it is acidic (pH < 6.5), an appropriate amount of lime powder can be added to adjust it. If it is alkaline (pH > 7.5), a small amount of sulfur powder can be added to adjust the pH to a suitable range of 6.5–7.5. Step S4, Inoculation with Fermentation Agent: Select a fermentation agent containing a variety of beneficial microorganisms, such as a compound agent containing Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, etc. Add the agent at a ratio of 0.8-1.2 kg per ton of material. First, mix the agent thoroughly with an appropriate amount of rice bran or wheat bran, then evenly spread it into the material pile. Turn the pile while spreading the agent to ensure that the agent and the material are in full contact, providing microbial power for fermentation. Step S5, composting and fermentation: pile the mixed materials into a windrow shape, with a height of 1.2 to 1.5m, a bottom width of 1.5 to 2m, and a length depending on the site. Make holes in the pile every 30 to 50cm with wooden sticks or steel pipes, with a hole diameter of 3 to 5cm, to ensure oxygen supply and meet the requirements of aerobic fermentation. Step S6, Fermentation Management: In the early stage of fermentation, the temperature of the pile will gradually rise due to microbial activity. When the temperature reaches above 60℃, maintain it for 2-3 days. This stage can effectively kill pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds in the material. Record the temperature changes. When the temperature reaches the set high temperature threshold, perform the turning operation. The specific steps of the turning operation are as follows: Step S6.1: The first turning of the pile should be carried out after the temperature reaches above 60℃ and is maintained for 2 to 3 days. When turning the pile, turn the material on the outer layer to the middle and the material at the bottom layer to the top layer to make the fermentation more uniform. Step S6.2: Subsequently, whenever the temperature rises above 60℃ again and remains there for 2-3 days, the pile should be turned over once. The entire fermentation process usually requires turning the pile over 3-5 times. Step S6.3: As fermentation proceeds, the temperature of the pile will gradually stabilize below 40℃, indicating that the high-temperature fermentation stage is basically over. Step S7, Secondary Fermentation (Post-Ripe Stage): After the high-temperature fermentation is completed, the material pile is appropriately compacted and covered with plastic film for secondary fermentation. This stage lasts for 2 to 3 weeks, which can promote the further maturation of fertilizer, make the nutrient form more stable, reduce the adverse effects on crops such as root burn after application, and further improve the physical properties of fertilizer. Step S8, Quality Inspection and Packaging: After fermentation, the green organic fertilizer undergoes quality inspection. Inspection items include nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements), organic matter content, moisture content, pH, heavy metal content, and microbial indicators. After ensuring all indicators meet relevant national standards, the fertilizer is packaged using plastic bags or woven bags, clearly labeled with the product name, nutrient content, applicable standards, and production date. It is then stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouse. This green organic fertilizer has the following advantages when used: ① Soil improvement: Continuous application of this type of green organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matter content, optimize soil aggregate structure, enhance soil aeration and water retention, reduce soil bulk density, and make the soil looser and more fertile, which is more conducive to crop root growth and development. ② Nutrient Supply: It can provide crops with comprehensive nutrients, covering macro-elements and micro-elements. Among them, nitrogen promotes the growth of crop stems and leaves, phosphorus helps flower bud differentiation and fruit development, and potassium can enhance the crop's resistance to adverse conditions. At the same time, the organic matter in the organic fertilizer slowly decomposes and releases nutrients under the action of soil microorganisms, which can meet the needs of crops at different growth stages. ③ Ecological and environmental benefits: It reduces environmental pollution caused by straw burning and indiscriminate discharge of manure, and achieves the resource utilization of agricultural waste. In addition, the application of green organic fertilizer can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer used, reduce the risk of soil and water pollution, and maintain the ecological environment.

[0019] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0020] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A green organic fertilizer, characterized in that: This green organic fertilizer is made by mixing straw charcoal and manure, with the volume ratio of straw charcoal to manure being 2:3 to 3:

2.

2. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Step S1, Pretreatment of raw materials: Select a suitable type of straw for straw charcoal preparation, chop the straw into 5-10cm lengths, and carbonize it using oxygen-limited pyrolysis. In an oxygen-deficient or micro-oxygen environment, heat the straw at a temperature of 350-450℃ to convert it into straw charcoal. Then crush the straw charcoal and collect fresh livestock and poultry manure. Spread the manure out to dry and reduce its moisture content to 50%-60%. To reduce harmful bacteria and insect eggs, perform preliminary composting. Step S2, material mixing: Mix straw charcoal and manure in a volume ratio of 2:3 to 3:2, using mechanical stirring or manual turning. Add appropriate amounts of superphosphate or potassium sulfate according to soil nutrient status and target crop requirements. Step S3: Adjusting moisture and pH: During the stirring process, spray an appropriate amount of water with a spray bottle to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 50% to 60%, and check the pH during the stirring process to adjust it to a suitable range of 6.5 to 7.

5. Step S4, Inoculation with fermentation agent: Select a fermentation agent containing a variety of beneficial microorganisms. Add 0.8-1.2 kg of agent per ton of material. First, mix the agent thoroughly with an appropriate amount of rice bran or wheat bran, then evenly spread it into the material pile. While spreading, turn the pile to ensure that the agent and the material are in full contact, providing microbial power for fermentation. Step S5, composting and fermentation: pile the mixed materials into a windrow shape, with a height of 1.2 to 1.5m, a bottom width of 1.5 to 2m, and a length depending on the site. Make holes in the pile every 30 to 50cm with wooden sticks or steel pipes, with a hole diameter of 3 to 5cm. Step S6, Fermentation Management: In the early stage of fermentation, the temperature of the pile will gradually rise due to microbial activity. When the temperature reaches above 60℃, maintain it for 2-3 days and record the temperature changes. When the temperature reaches the set high temperature threshold, perform the pile turning operation. Step S7, Secondary Fermentation: After the high-temperature fermentation is completed, the material is piled up and compacted appropriately, covered with plastic film for secondary fermentation and continued for 2-3 weeks to promote further maturation of the fertilizer; Step S8, Quality Inspection and Packaging: After fermentation, the green organic fertilizer is inspected for quality and packaged in plastic or woven bags. Product information is labeled and the fertilizer is stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouse.

3. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the selected straw type is corn straw or wheat straw, and the particle size of the straw carbon after crushing is controlled at 2-5 mm.

4. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S1, the livestock and poultry manure used is cow manure, pig manure, or chicken manure. During the composting process, the temperature of the compost pile is raised to 55-65°C and maintained for 3-5 days.

5. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the amount of superphosphate added is 20-30 kg per ton of material, or potassium sulfate is added to supplement potassium fertilizer, at a rate of 10-15 kg per ton of material.

6. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the method for determining the acidity or alkalinity is to grab a handful of material, squeeze it tightly so that there is water stain between the fingers but no dripping water, and the material can be dispersed after releasing the hand. Use pH test paper to test the acidity or alkalinity of the material. If it is acidic, add an appropriate amount of lime powder to adjust it. If it is alkaline, add a small amount of sulfur powder.

7. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, the selected fermentation agent is a compound agent containing Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast.

8. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps of the turning operation in step S6 are as follows: Step S6.1: The first turning of the pile should be carried out after the temperature reaches above 60℃ and is maintained for 2 to 3 days. When turning the pile, turn the material on the outer layer to the middle and the material at the bottom layer to the top layer to make the fermentation more uniform. Step S6.2: Subsequently, whenever the temperature rises above 60℃ again and remains there for 2-3 days, the pile should be turned over once. The entire fermentation process usually requires turning the pile over 3-5 times. Step S6.3: As fermentation proceeds, the temperature of the pile will gradually stabilize below 40℃, indicating that the high-temperature fermentation stage is basically over.

9. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S8, the detection items include nutrient content, organic matter content, water content, pH, heavy metal content, and microbial indicators.

10. The method for preparing a green organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S8, the product information labeled includes name, nutrient content, implementation standard, and production date.

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