Simulation System and Method for Typhoon-Induced Complex Landslide Disasters

Abstract

This application provides a simulation system and method for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters, comprising: a slope simulation chamber for simulating vegetation-covered slopes; a wind load control system for simulating wind loads applied to the slope simulation chamber and controlling the wind load time history according to a set typhoon level; a rainfall control system including a variable frequency water pump for determining rainfall intensity according to a set typhoon level and determining the target power of the variable frequency water pump according to the rainfall intensity, simulating rainfall and controlling the rainfall time history; and a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system for real-time acquisition of multi-section visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model under the action of wind load, rainfall, and vegetation model. Through this application, the three-mechanism coupled disaster process of the slope model under the action of wind load, rainfall, and vegetation model can be accurately simulated, and the three-mechanism coupled disaster mechanism within the soil can be revealed, realizing dynamic three-dimensional analysis of the engineering project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geological disaster simulation and testing technology, specifically to a simulation system and method for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters. Background Technology

[0002] Global climate change has led to an increase in the frequency of landslides, seriously threatening human safety and economic development. Therefore, research on landslide instability mechanisms is particularly important. Rainfall is a significant factor inducing shallow landslides, and current global climate change has resulted in periodic variations in extreme rainfall, adversely affecting both natural and artificial slopes. With the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events, slope soils face the risks of shallow landslides, increased debris flow activity, and intensified erosion. With the continued advancement of sustainable development strategies, vegetation, with its ecological protection functions, serves as the core carrier of slope protection systems and is gradually becoming an important research focus in academia.

[0003] Heavy rainfall is often triggered by typhoons, and the feedback mechanism between typhoon-induced complex landslides and vegetation root systems is controlled by multiple factors. On the one hand, the high-intensity, long-duration torrential rains brought by typhoons rapidly increase slope saturation, significantly raise pore water pressure, and simultaneously reduce the matrix suction of unsaturated soil, leading to a substantial decrease in soil shear strength. Crucially, the intensity of such torrential rains often far exceeds the critical threshold for landslide triggering, making it a core triggering factor for disaster instability. On the other hand, plant roots reinforce shallow soil, improving its shear strength; however, under the extreme wind loads accompanying strong typhoons, tall trees generate significant overturning moments acting on the soil in the root anchorage zone, inducing local tensile cracking, shear deformation, and even root uprooting, forming potential slip surfaces or weakened zones. Furthermore, soil deformation caused by the combined effects of wind load and root systems, such as cracks and root channels, significantly alters the infiltration path and rate of rainfall, exacerbating the non-uniform saturation and hydraulic degradation processes within the soil. Therefore, typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters are the result of a strong coupling effect of multiple factors, including the infiltration degradation of heavy typhoon rainfall, the interaction between wind load, vegetation, and soil, as well as topography, geomorphology, and geology; its physical mechanism is extremely complex.

[0004] Current physical model experiments have the following shortcomings when studying the instability mechanism of vegetation-covered slopes:

[0005] First, conventional vegetation cover slope tests only consider a single triggering factor, either rainfall or wind load. Rainfall is often accompanied by strong winds or even typhoons, and a single dynamic factor cannot simulate the real physical environment, thus having low practical reference value.

[0006] Second, in conventional model tests, soil internal parameters are usually derived indirectly through sensor network monitoring or resistivity imaging, which cannot directly observe specific changes within the soil. Therefore, for vegetated slopes, observations of root-soil interaction mechanisms (i.e., the reinforcing effect of plant roots on the slope) and deformation caused by the torque exerted by vegetation on the soil under wind loads have significant errors.

[0007] Third, existing technologies such as PIV based on high-speed cameras are mostly used for two-dimensional data acquisition, with fewer applications for three-dimensional data acquisition and those applications remaining in static or quasi-static processes. However, soil deformation caused by rainfall infiltration and wind load is a dynamic process. Existing experimental image acquisition systems cannot acquire continuous three-dimensional images in the time dimension, and therefore cannot perform dynamic three-dimensional analysis.

[0008] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new experimental system that considers the combined effects of rainfall and wind load on vegetation-covered slopes and instantaneously collects data such as the three-dimensional velocity field and displacement field inside the soil to reveal the physical mechanism of typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters and provide a scientific basis for their management and prevention. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of one of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters.

[0010] The first aspect of this application provides a simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters, comprising:

[0011] The slope simulation chamber includes a slope model, a plant model, strain gauges, and an accelerometer. The strain gauges are used to measure the strain of the trunk of the plant model, and the accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration of the root system of the plant model. The slope simulation chamber is used to simulate a vegetation-covered slope.

[0012] A wind load control system is used to simulate the wind load applied to the slope simulation box and control the wind load time history according to the set typhoon level.

[0013] The rainfall control system includes a variable frequency water pump, which is used to determine the rainfall intensity according to the set typhoon level, and to determine the target power of the variable frequency water pump according to the rainfall intensity, and to simulate rainfall and control the rainfall time by controlling the target power of the variable frequency water pump;

[0014] A spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system is used to acquire in real time multi-section visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model under the action of wind load, rainfall and vegetation model.

[0015] Optionally, the rainfall control system further includes a water supply component, a flow measurement component, a spraying device, and a connecting pipe. The variable frequency water pump is installed inside the water supply component, the flow measurement component is installed at the outlet of the variable frequency water pump, the spraying device is connected to the variable frequency water pump through the connecting pipe, and the spraying device is positioned above the slope simulation box. The variable frequency water pump is used to extract liquid from the water supply component and transmit it to the spraying device through the connecting pipe to form rainfall. The liquid in the water supply component contains an indicator, and the flow measurement component is used to monitor the rate at which the variable frequency water pump extracts the liquid in real time.

[0016] Optionally, the slope model uses transparent soil material, and the plant model is used to simulate the root reinforcement effect on the slope model and the dynamic load effect applied to the slope model under the wind load.

[0017] The slope simulation box also includes a model box and a seepage container platform. The side panels of the model box are made of rigid transparent material. The seepage container platform includes a seepage container and a platform. The seepage container is set on the top of the platform, and the model box is set on the seepage container. The seepage container is connected to the water supply component through a pipe to transfer the liquid that seeps into the seepage container to the water supply component for reuse.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes a smart terminal, wherein:

[0019] The intelligent terminal is connected to the wind load control system and is used to transmit wind load control data to the wind load control system.

[0020] The smart terminal is connected to the rainfall control system and is used to monitor the liquid extraction status of the variable frequency water pump in real time and feed it back to the rainfall control system.

[0021] The intelligent terminal is also connected to the spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system to acquire the multi-section visualization three-dimensional data, and to process the multi-section visualization three-dimensional data using PIV technology to determine the global displacement field and velocity field, thereby realizing dynamic three-dimensional analysis of the project.

[0022] The intelligent terminal is also used to calculate the trunk tilt vector ratio based on the strain of the tree trunk of the plant model measured by the strain gauge and to calculate the crown-root offset based on the acceleration of the root system of the plant model measured by the acceleration sensor. Based on the trunk tilt vector ratio and the crown-root offset, the terminal analyzes the coupling disaster mechanism inside the soil of the slope model.

[0023] Optionally, the spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system includes two automatic sliding rails, multiple lasers, multiple mechanical light shields, and two image acquisition devices. The two automatic sliding rails are respectively set on opposite sides of the slope simulation box, the multiple lasers are respectively set on the automatic sliding rails, the multiple mechanical light shields are respectively set at the emission point of each laser, and the two image acquisition devices are respectively set in the first direction and the second direction.

[0024] The automatic sliding rail is used to install and drive the laser, which is used to expose multiple profiles at different depths in the observation direction of the slope simulation box. The mechanical shading device is used to block or allow the laser emitted by the laser. The image acquisition device is used to acquire images of multiple profiles in the observation direction during the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation of the slope model under the action of wind load, rainfall and vegetation model.

[0025] A second aspect of this application provides a simulation method for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters using the simulation system provided in the first aspect of this application, comprising:

[0026] A slope simulation box is used to simulate a vegetation-covered slope. The slope simulation box includes a slope model, a plant model, strain gauges, and an accelerometer. The strain gauges are used to measure the strain of the trunk of the plant model, and the accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration of the root system of the plant model.

[0027] A wind load control system is used to apply a preset wind load to the slope simulation box according to the set typhoon level;

[0028] The rainfall intensity is determined based on the set typhoon level;

[0029] Based on the rainfall intensity, the target power of the variable frequency water pump is determined by using a mapping model between the target power of the variable frequency water pump and the flow coefficient of the spray device, which is constructed based on the minute-level rainfall intensity-time curve corresponding to the rainfall intensity.

[0030] Based on the target power of the variable frequency water pump, the rainfall control system is used to control the variable frequency water pump to draw liquid to the spray device to apply rainfall to the slope simulation box.

[0031] Under the influence of wind load, rainfall, and vegetation model, a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system is used to collect multi-section visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model in real time.

[0032] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0033] Based on the multi-profile visualized three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model, the global displacement field and global velocity field are determined using PIV technology.

[0034] The rainfall seepage path corresponding to the largest global velocity field is taken as the dominant seepage path;

[0035] Based on the dominant seepage path, the effect of the plant model on the slope model is determined. The effect of the plant model on the slope model includes root reinforcement and negative effects of unstable flow.

[0036] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0037] The actual tilt angle of the trunk of the plant model is determined based on the strain measured by the strain gauge.

[0038] Calculate the trunk tilt vector ratio of the plant model based on the actual tilt angle of the trunk.

[0039] The coordinates of the canopy of the plant model were determined using optical positioning technology;

[0040] The root acceleration of the plant model measured by the accelerometer is integrated twice to determine the coordinates of the root system of the plant model.

[0041] The crown-root offset is determined based on the coordinates of the crown of the plant model, the coordinates of the root system of the plant model, the height of the plant model, and the diameter of the crown of the plant model.

[0042] Based on the trunk tilt vector ratio and the crown-root offset of the plant model, the coupled disaster mechanism inside the soil of the slope model is analyzed.

[0043] This application presents a simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters. It employs a slope simulation box to model a vegetated slope, a wind load control system to simulate wind loads based on a set typhoon level and control the wind load time history, and a rainfall control system to determine rainfall intensity based on the typhoon level set by the wind load control system. The system then controls the target power of a variable frequency water pump based on the rainfall intensity, thereby controlling the rainfall time history. This system accurately simulates the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model under the influence of wind load, rainfall, and vegetation. A spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system is used to collect multi-section visualized three-dimensional data of the slope model during the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process in real time, enabling dynamic three-dimensional analysis of the project. This reveals the physical mechanism of typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters, laying the foundation for their management and prevention.

[0044] Other technical effects resulting from the additional features will be further illustrated in the corresponding embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a simulation system for a combined landslide disaster induced by typhoons and rainstorms, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a slope simulation box according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rainfall control system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spraying device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the regional fitting coefficient fitting process of an empirical formula for rainfall caused by typhoons, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0052] Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0053] Figure 8 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0054] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the opening and closing of a mechanical light shield according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0055] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the disassembly structure of a mechanical sunshade for opening and closing according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0056] Figure 11 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an experimental simulation system for a combined landslide disaster induced by typhoon and rainstorm, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0057] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a control flow for rainfall time history and wind load time history according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0058] Figure 13This is a schematic diagram illustrating a data acquisition time process according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0059] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a data acquisition process according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0060] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating a simulation method for a combined landslide disaster induced by typhoon and rainstorm, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0061] In the diagram: 1. Slope simulation box; 11. Model box; 12. Slope model; 13. Plant model; 14. Infiltration container platform; 15. Infiltration hole; 16. Pipe; 17. Strain gauge; 18. Accelerometer; 2. Rainfall control system; 21. Water supply component; 22. Variable frequency water pump; 23. Flow measurement component; 24. Connecting pipe; 25. Spray device; 251. Water pipe; 252. Spray nozzle; 3. Wind load control system; 4. Spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system; 41. Image acquisition device; 42. Automatic sliding rail; 421. Rail; 422. Laser fixing device; 423. Fixing. 424. Rod, Step 1, Laser, 432. Mechanical shader, 433. Rigid bracket, 4321. Power unit box, 4322. Fixed rotating shaft robotic arm, 4323. Cylindrical rotating shaft, 4324. Circular turntable, 4325. Shutter blade, 4326. Fixed ring, 4327. Housing, 43211. Second stepper motor, 43221. Long strip-shaped perforated structure, 43241. Long strip-shaped small hole, 43242. Connecting section, 43251. Cylinder, 43252. Cuboid, 43261. Rectangular groove, 5. Intelligent terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0063] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0064] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0065] In the description of the embodiments in this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. In this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the embodiments of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0067] Existing experimental physical models for studying the instability mechanisms of vegetation-covered slopes mostly consider single rainfall or wind load factors, failing to simulate real physical environments where rainfall and wind loads typically coexist. Furthermore, soil internal parameters are derived indirectly, making direct observation of specific soil changes impossible, leading to significant errors in soil deformation observation. Additionally, existing high-speed camera-based PIV technology is primarily two-dimensional, and current experimental image acquisition systems cannot acquire continuous three-dimensional images over time, hindering dynamic three-dimensional analysis of engineering projects. To address these technical problems, this application provides a simulation system for typhoon-induced combined landslide disasters, resolving the aforementioned issues.

[0068] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a simulation system for a combined landslide disaster induced by typhoons and rainstorms, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0069] Reference Figure 1 As shown in one embodiment of this application, a simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters is provided, including: a slope simulation box 1, a rainfall control system 2, a wind load control system 3, and a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4.

[0070] The slope simulation chamber 1 includes a slope model 12, a plant model 13, a strain gauge 17, and an acceleration sensor 18. The strain gauge 17 is used to measure the strain of the trunk of the plant model 13, and the acceleration sensor 18 is used to measure the acceleration of the root system of the plant model 13. The slope simulation chamber 1 is used to simulate a slope covered by vegetation.

[0071] The wind load control system 3 is used to simulate the wind load applied to the slope simulation box 1 and control the wind load time schedule according to the set typhoon level.

[0072] Specifically, in this application, one side of the slope simulation box 1 set in the wind load control system 3 can be considered as the front.

[0073] The rainfall control system 2 includes a variable frequency water pump 22, which is used to determine the rainfall intensity according to the typhoon level set by the wind load control system 3, and to determine the target power of the variable frequency water pump 22 according to the rainfall intensity. The variable frequency water pump 22 is controlled to extract liquid to simulate rainfall and control the rainfall time.

[0074] The spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4 is used to acquire multi-section visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model under the action of wind load, rainfall and vegetation model in real time.

[0075] Specifically, the spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4 can instantly and continuously acquire multi-section visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model, and observe the three-dimensional seepage path inside the soil and the process of soil deformation and instability.

[0076] In the above embodiments of this application, a slope simulation box 1 is used to simulate a vegetation-covered slope. A wind load control system 3 is used to simulate wind load and control the wind load time course according to the set typhoon level. A rainfall control system 2 is used to determine the rainfall intensity according to the typhoon level set by the wind load control system, and controls the target power of the variable frequency water pump 22 according to the rainfall intensity, thereby controlling the rainfall time course. This accurately simulates the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model 12 under the action of wind load, rainfall, and vegetation model. A spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4 is used to collect multi-section visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model 12 in real time, realize dynamic three-dimensional analysis of the project, reveal the physical mechanism of typhoon and rainstorm-induced complex landslide disaster, and lay the foundation for its management and prevention.

[0077] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a slope simulation box according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0078] Reference Figure 2As shown, in order to simulate a vegetation-covered slope, in some specific embodiments of this application, the slope simulation box 1 includes a slope model 12, a plant model 13, a strain gauge 17 and an acceleration sensor 18. The slope simulation box 1 also includes a model box 11 and a seepage container platform 14.

[0079] The model box 11 includes four side panels and a bottom plate. The side panels are made of rigid transparent material.

[0080] Specifically, four side plates are installed on the base plate as the four sides of the model box 11. The base plate serves as the bottom surface of the model box 11. The top of the model box 11 is set as an opening to apply rainfall and wind loads.

[0081] For example, the four side plates and the bottom plate can all be made of transparent acrylic sheets, so that the lasers emitted by the lasers 431 from different directions can be incident into the interior of the slope simulation box 1, the image acquisition device 41 can be used to acquire image data, and the internal test conditions of the slope simulation box 1 can be observed. The bottom plate can also be made of other materials.

[0082] The seepage container platform 14 includes a seepage container and a platform. The seepage container is set on top of the platform, and the model box 11 is set on the seepage container.

[0083] Specifically, the upper surface of the leakage container is provided with multiple seepage holes 15, and the liquid falling on the seepage container platform 14 can fall into the leakage container along the seepage holes 15.

[0084] The leakage container is connected to the water supply component 21 of the rainfall control system 2 via pipe 16, which is used to transfer the liquid that seeps into the leakage container to the water supply component 21 for reuse.

[0085] The slope model 12, plant model 13, strain gauge 17 and acceleration sensor 18 are installed inside the model box 11.

[0086] Specifically, the plant model 13 is set on the slope model 12, the strain gauge 17 is set on the trunk of the plant model 13, and the acceleration sensor 18 is set on the root system of the plant model.

[0087] Slope model 12 uses transparent soil material, which includes solids and liquids with the same refractive index. Based on the type of solid material, transparent soil material can simulate different soil types on actual slopes, such as clay or sand.

[0088] For example, the process of creating slope model 12 is as follows:

[0089] Based on the lithology or soil properties of the slope under study, select a corresponding solid material, such as fused silica or hydrophilic gaseous silica; test the refractive index of the solid material, and then select a liquid material that matches the refractive index, such as calcium bromide solution; adjust the refractive index of the liquid material by adjusting the concentration of the liquid material, and when the refractive index error between the solid material and the liquid material is less than a preset threshold, such as 0.005, mix and stir according to a preset ratio; after mixing and stirring, place it in a vacuum pump to eliminate internal air bubbles; then cut and shape it according to the slope shape to form the required slope model 12.

[0090] Specifically, the slope model 12 is presented as a transparent body with a specific refractive index, which can be clearly distinguished and displayed through optical calibration technology, as well as the parts representing the infiltration of rainfall and the structure of the slope soil.

[0091] For example, highly recognizable calibration particles, such as pigments or fluorescent agents, can be added to the rainwater. Specifically, a red dye can be used. This allows the image acquisition device to clearly capture the seepage path of the rainwater.

[0092] Plant model 13 is used to simulate the root reinforcement effect on slope model 12 and the dynamic load effect applied to slope model 12 under wind load.

[0093] Specifically, the root reinforcement effect is that the root system of vegetation binds the surrounding soil of the slope into a more integrated composite through its network structure, similar to the reinforcement zone in reinforced soil. Under wind load, this area shows a coordinated deformation trend. For example, in the PIV displacement field, the displacement vector directions of the root zone tend to be the same, while the deformation of the non-vegetation covered area is dispersed and non-integral.

[0094] The dynamic loads are wind loads and rainfall acting on the vegetation, and the vegetation roots exert pull and compression on the surrounding soil.

[0095] Specifically, the plant model 13 is prepared using 3D printing technology. The plant model 13 includes a root system, a trunk, and a crown. The root system of the plant model 13 is located inside the slope model 12, while the trunk and crown of the plant model 13 are located outside the slope model 12.

[0096] The trunk and crown of plant model 13 are subjected to wind loads, and the root system of plant model 13 has a root reinforcement effect on the soil, which is used to change the pore structure inside the soil of slope model 12 and change the seepage path of liquid.

[0097] The strain of the tree trunk of the plant model 13 is collected by strain gauge 17, thereby quantifying the dynamic deformation and torque of the tree trunk under typhoon and rainstorm.

[0098] Among them, the dynamic deformation of tree trunks under typhoons and rainstorms is used to analyze the deformation of slope soil, and the torque of tree trunks is used to analyze the dynamic loads applied to the slope by vegetation.

[0099] In the above embodiments of this application, a slope model 12 is made of transparent soil material and a model box 11 of rigid transparent material is used. Based on the visibility of the transparent soil material and the side plate of the model box 11, optical calibration technology is used to directly and non-invasively observe the seepage path trajectory of rainwater under wind load, rainfall and the action of the plant model 13, as well as the complete process of deformation and instability of the slope model 12. Thus, the change and development law of the seepage path trajectory of liquid in the soil of the slope model over time under the action of the plant model 13 is obtained. Based on the strain of the tree trunk collected by the strain gauge 17 and the acceleration of the root system of the plant model 13 measured by the accelerometer 18, the soil deformation of the slope model 12 and the dynamic load applied to the slope model 12 by the plant model 13 are analyzed. Therefore, the slope simulation box 1 can be effectively used for the simulation of vegetation-covered slopes in the simulation test of typhoon and rainstorm-induced complex landslide disasters, and for analyzing the effect of vegetation on slopes under typhoon and rainstorm weather.

[0100] In order to simulate and control wind load, in some specific embodiments of this application, the wind load control system is set on one side of the slope simulation box 1, and the side where the wind load control system is located can be the front of the slope simulation box 1.

[0101] The wind load control system 3 adopts a wind tunnel platform, which includes a wind tunnel platform control room and a wind turbine. The wind tunnel platform control room is used to acquire wind load control data and control the rotation of the wind turbine to form wind load.

[0102] Specifically, the wind tunnel platform control room controls the fan speed according to the set typhoon level, thereby controlling the wind load time.

[0103] For example, the wind load control system 3 of this application adopts the wind tunnel test platform of the wind tunnel laboratory of Tongji University.

[0104] In the above embodiments of this application, by setting up a wind load control system 3 and setting the typhoon level, the wind load applied to the slope simulation box 1 effectively simulates the wind load applied to the slope by the typhoon during typhoon and rainstorm weather.

[0105] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a rainfall control system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0106] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in order to simulate and control the rainfall schedule, in some specific embodiments of this application, the rainfall control system 2 includes a variable frequency water pump 22 for controlling the rainfall schedule.

[0107] The rainfall control system 2 also includes a water supply component 21, a flow measurement component 23, a spray device 25, and a connecting pipe 24.

[0108] Specifically, the water supply component 21 contains a liquid that simulates rainfall, which can be implemented using a water supply tank or the like. Furthermore, the liquid in the water supply component 21 contains an indicator, which is the same type of liquid material used in the transparent soil material used to make the slope model 12. The indicator contains highly recognizable calibration particles, such as pigments or fluorescent indicators. For example, red dye can be used to calibrate the seepage path of the liquid.

[0109] The variable frequency water pump 22 is installed inside the water supply component 21, the flow measurement component 23 is installed at the outlet of the variable frequency water pump 22, and the spray device 25 is connected to the variable frequency water pump 22 through the connecting pipe 24. The spray device 25 is installed above the slope simulation box 1.

[0110] One end of the connecting pipe 24 is connected to the outlet of the variable frequency water pump 22, and the other end of the connecting pipe 24 is connected to the spray device 25.

[0111] The variable frequency water pump 22 is used to extract liquid from the water supply component 21 and transmit it to the spray device 25 through the connecting pipe 24 to form rainfall. The flow measurement component 23 is used to monitor the rate at which the variable frequency water pump 22 extracts liquid in real time. The connecting pipe 24 is used to transmit the liquid extracted by the variable frequency water pump 22 to the spray device 25, and the spray device 25 is used to form rainfall. The flow measurement component 23 can be a flow meter.

[0112] Specifically, the spraying device 25 sprays liquid into the model box 11 of the slope model 12 to simulate rainfall. The area of ​​the liquid sprayed by the spraying device 25 is the same as the area of ​​the opening on the top surface of the model box 11 to ensure that the rainfall can completely cover the slope model 12.

[0113] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a spraying device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0114] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the spray device 25 includes multiple water pipes 251, and each water pipe 251 is evenly provided with multiple spray holes 252. The liquid drawn by the variable frequency water pump 22 flows through the connecting pipe 24 to each spray hole 252 on each water pipe 251. The liquid is sprayed outward from the spray hole 252 and forms uniform rainfall under the action of gravity.

[0115] Some of the simulated rainwater from the rainfall falls onto the seepage container platform 14 under the action of wind load, and flows into the seepage container through the seepage holes 15 on the seepage container. It then flows into the water supply component 21 of the rainfall control system 2 through the pipe 16 connected to the water supply component 21, thereby realizing the reuse of the liquid that floats out of the slope simulation box 1 under the action of wind load, improving resource utilization and reducing simulation costs.

[0116] Before the formal experiment, a uniformity test was conducted on the rainfall control system 2. Multiple water cups were placed evenly below the spray device 25 to collect rainfall. The variable frequency water pump 22 was started, and the amount of rainwater in the cups was compared to determine whether the simulated rainfall by the rainfall control system 2 was uniform. The rainfall uniformity coefficient was calculated using the following formula:

[0117] ;

[0118] ;

[0119] in, Indicates the uniformity coefficient of rainfall. P This indicates the amount of rainwater collected in each cup. n This indicates the total number of water cups. D This represents the standard deviation of the amount of rainwater collected by multiple water cups. This represents the average amount of rainwater collected in each cup.

[0120] The closer the rainfall uniformity coefficient is to 1 or 100%, the better the rainfall uniformity; the closer the rainfall uniformity coefficient is to 0 or 0%, the greater the difference in rainfall distribution and the worse the rainfall uniformity.

[0121] In this embodiment, the rainfall control system 2 determines the rainfall intensity according to the typhoon level set by the wind load control system 3, using the following formula:

[0122] ;

[0123] Where R represents rainfall intensity, This represents the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level (approximately 1013.25 hPa). V represents the central pressure of the typhoon, and V represents the typhoon's movement speed. Indicates the wind speed at the distance from the typhoon. Indicates the reference pressure difference. Indicates the reference typhoon movement speed. Indicates reference wind speed. Using the reference rainfall coefficient, A represents the fitting coefficient for the first region, B represents the fitting coefficient for the second region, C represents the fitting coefficient for the third region, D represents the fitting coefficient for the fourth region, and E represents the fitting coefficient for the fifth region.

[0124] The regional fitting coefficient needs to be determined based on historical typhoon rainfall data.

[0125] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the regional fitting coefficient fitting process of an empirical formula for rainfall caused by typhoons, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0126] For example, the historical typhoon rainfall data for a certain area is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] Based on the above data, the reference values ​​for each item are determined as follows: , , , Then, the formula is fitted to determine the regional fitting coefficients A, B, C, D, and E. The fitting results are referenced. Figure 5 As shown, refer to Figure 5 (a) is a line graph showing the observed and predicted rainfall intensities caused by different typhoons in a certain area; Figure 5 (b) is a residual distribution map of the predicted rainfall intensity in a certain area; Figure 5 (c) is a comparison chart of observed and predicted rainfall intensity. Figure 5 (d) shows a comparison of the fitting coefficients for different regions after fitting.

[0129] Based on the above fitting process, the fitting results are: A=0.0734, B=4.07, C=1.40, D=2.34, E=10.

[0130] The empirical formula for typhoon-induced rainfall is as follows:

[0131] ;

[0132] Determine the fitting parameters for each of the above regions, and calculate the rainfall intensity R according to the set typhoon level, i.e. the level of the applied wind load.

[0133] For example, the average value of historical data is used to determine... Substitute V into the above empirical formula for typhoon rainfall, and then set the typhoon level, i.e., wind load intensity. For example, set the wind speed to 20 m / s. According to the above empirical formula for typhoon rainfall, the rainfall intensity is calculated to be approximately 17 mm / h.

[0134] Based on the rainfall intensity, the rainfall control system 2 uses a mapping model between the target power of the variable frequency water pump 22 and the flow coefficient of the spray device 25, constructed using the minute-level rainfall intensity-time curve corresponding to the rainfall intensity, to determine the target power of the variable frequency water pump 22.

[0135] ;

[0136] in, This indicates the target power of the variable frequency water pump 22. This indicates the density of the liquid inside the water supply component 21. H represents the acceleration due to gravity, H represents the total head of the variable frequency water pump 22 transporting the liquid, and K represents the flow coefficient of the spray device 25. This indicates the overall efficiency of the variable frequency water pump 22.

[0137] To ensure consistency between time and length units in the calculation, the nozzle flow coefficient K is calculated as follows:

[0138] ;

[0139] Where A represents the area covered by rainfall.

[0140] In the above embodiments of this application, a rainfall control system 2 is set up to determine the rainfall intensity according to the typhoon level set by the wind load control system 3, and a variable frequency water pump 22 is used to accurately simulate and control the rainfall time course to apply rainfall to the slope simulation box 1. The rainfall and wind load are coupled to simulate the actual typhoon and rainstorm weather.

[0141] In some specific embodiments of this application, a simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters further includes a smart terminal 5, wherein:

[0142] The intelligent terminal 5 is connected to the wind load control system 3 and is used to transmit wind load control data to the wind load control system 3.

[0143] For example, wind load control data includes, but is not limited to, the set typhoon level.

[0144] The intelligent terminal 5 is connected to the rainfall control system 2 to monitor the liquid extraction status of the variable frequency water pump 22 in real time and feed it back to the rainfall control system 2.

[0145] The intelligent terminal 5 is also connected to the spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4 to acquire multi-section visualization three-dimensional data, and uses PIV technology to process the multi-section visualization three-dimensional data to determine the global displacement field and velocity field, thereby realizing dynamic three-dimensional analysis of the project.

[0146] The intelligent terminal 5 is also used to calculate the trunk tilt vector ratio based on the strain of the trunk of the plant model 13 measured by the strain gauge 17 and to calculate the crown-root offset based on the acceleration of the root system of the plant model 13 measured by the acceleration sensor. Based on the trunk tilt vector ratio and the crown-root offset, the coupling disaster mechanism inside the soil of the slope model 12 is analyzed.

[0147] In the embodiments described above, the intelligent terminal is used to control the wind load control system, the rainfall control system, and the spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system, thereby realizing data input, multi-section visualization three-dimensional data acquisition, and data analysis.

[0148] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 8 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0149] Reference Figures 6 to 8 As shown, in order to obtain simulated three-dimensional data of typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters and realize three-dimensional dynamic analysis of the project, in some specific embodiments of this application, the spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4 includes two automatic sliding rails 42, multiple lasers 431, multiple mechanical light shields 432, and two image acquisition devices 41.

[0150] Two automatic slide rails 42 are respectively set on opposite sides of the slope simulation box 1, multiple lasers 431 are respectively set on the automatic slide rails 42, multiple mechanical light shields 432 are respectively set at the emission point of each laser 431, and two image acquisition devices 41 are respectively set in the first direction and the second direction.

[0151] Among them, the mechanical light shield 432 corresponds one-to-one with the laser 431.

[0152] In this application, the two image acquisition devices 41 can be cameras. One image acquisition device 41 is set in the direction to the left of the observation direction, and the other image acquisition device 41 is set in the direction to the right of the observation direction, forming an angle of 15° with the observation direction. That is, the first direction represents the direction to the left of the observation direction by 15°, and the second direction represents the direction to the right of the observation direction by 15°.

[0153] Two image acquisition devices 41 simultaneously capture images of the cross-section along the observation direction, obtaining multiple cross-sectional images. After performing coordinate transformation processing on the multiple cross-sectional images, two-dimensional images and three-dimensional information of the cross-section along the observation direction are obtained.

[0154] Automatic slide rail 42 is used to install and drive laser 431. Laser 431 is used to expose multiple profiles at different depths in the observation direction of slope simulation box 1. Mechanical shading device 432 is used to block or allow the laser emitted by laser 431 to pass through. Image acquisition device 41 is used to acquire images of multiple profiles in the observation direction during the coupled disaster simulation of slope model 12 under the action of wind load, rainfall and plant model 13.

[0155] Specifically, the automatic slide rail 42 includes a track 421, a laser fixing device 422, a fixing rod 423, and a first stepper motor 424. The laser fixing device 422 is slidably mounted on the track 421. The laser 431 is mounted on the track 421 through the laser fixing device 422. The fixing rod 423 connects adjacent lasers 431. The fixing rod 423 is used to control the consistent spacing of the lasers 431 during their movement on the track 421. The first stepper motor 424 is used to control the extension and retraction of the fixing rod 423 to realize the movement of the lasers 431 on the track 421.

[0156] The laser 431 in this application is always kept on. The laser emitted by the laser 431 is intermittently irradiated onto the target observation profile by sequentially opening and closing the mechanical shading device 432. The laser 431 set on the automatic slide rail 42 corresponds to different depth profiles of the slope model 12 along the observation direction from near to far, and is used to expose multiple profiles in the observation direction.

[0157] The spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4 also includes a rigid bracket 433, and a mechanical light shield 432 is installed at the emission point of the laser 431 via the rigid bracket 433.

[0158] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the opening and closing of a mechanical light shield 432 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the disassembly structure of a mechanical light shield 432 for opening and closing according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0159] Reference Figures 9 to 10 As shown, the mechanical shutter 432 includes a power unit box 4321, a fixed rotating shaft robotic arm 4322, a cylindrical rotating shaft 4323, a circular turntable 4324, a shutter blade 4325, a fixed ring 4326, and a housing 4327.

[0160] Among them, the fixed rotating shaft robotic arm 4322, the cylindrical rotating shaft 4323, the circular rotating disk 4324, and the shutter blade 4325 are located inside the housing 4327, and the fixed circular ring 4326 is located outside the housing 4327.

[0161] The power unit box 4321 includes a second stepper motor 43211, which is disposed inside the power unit box 4321.

[0162] The fixed rotating shaft robotic arm 4322 is an L-shaped robotic arm made of rigid material. One end of the L-shaped robotic arm is connected to the second stepper motor 43211 inside the power unit box 4321. The second stepper motor 43211 drives the fixed rotating shaft robotic arm 4322 to rotate. The other end of the L-shaped robotic arm is provided with a long strip-shaped perforated structure 43221.

[0163] The annular turntable 4324 is made of rigid material, with a large circular hole at its center and multiple elongated small holes 43241 evenly distributed along the outer side of the large circular hole. (Refer to...) Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment of the application, six elongated holes 43241 are provided, and a protruding elongated part is provided at the edge of the annular turntable 4324 as a connecting segment 43242. The end of the connecting segment 43242 is provided with a connecting hole (not shown in the figure).

[0164] The cylindrical rotating shaft 4323 passes through the connecting hole of the connecting section 43242 of the annular turntable 4324 and the long strip-shaped perforation structure 43221 of the L-shaped robotic arm, connecting the annular turntable 4324 and the fixed rotating shaft robotic arm 4322 together. The cylindrical rotating shaft 4323 can move along the long strip-shaped perforation structure 43221, so the annular turntable 4324 moves with the rotation of the fixed rotating shaft robotic arm 4322 under the action of the cylindrical rotating shaft 4323.

[0165] The cylindrical shaft 4323 is shaped as an "I"-shaped cylindrical composite column structure. The size of the middle part matches the size of the connecting hole at the end of the connecting section 43242 of the annular turntable 4324 and the size of the elongated hole structure 43221 on the fixed shaft mechanical arm 4322.

[0166] The fixing ring 4326 is made of rigid material, is set on the outside of the housing 4327 and fixed to the housing 4327, and has a rectangular groove 43261 with a light-transmitting hole in the middle.

[0167] The shutter blades 4325 are made of rigid material and are positioned between the circular turntable 4324 and the fixed ring 4326. Multiple shutter blades 4325 are installed within each mechanical shutter 432. (Refer to...) Figure 9 As shown, this application uses a six-shutter blade 4325 as an example for illustration. When the six shutter blades 4325 are open, they form a closed polygon, as shown in the figure. Figure 10As shown, a cylinder 43251 is provided on the side of the shutter blade 4325 near the annular turntable 4324. The cylinder 43251 is embedded in the elongated hole 43241 inside the annular turntable 4324 and can move along the elongated hole 43241. Thus, the shutter blade 4325 can move with the rotation of the annular turntable 4324. A cuboid 43252 is provided on the other side of the shutter blade 4325. The cuboid 43252 is embedded in the rectangular groove 43261 of the fixed ring 4326 and can move along the rectangular groove 43261. The elongated hole 43241 of the annular turntable 4324 and the rectangular groove 43261 of the fixed ring 4326 are used to control the moving direction of the shutter blade 4325. The annular turntable 4324 is softly fixed by the fixed ring 4326 and the shutter blade 4325 and only rotates around the center.

[0168] The rotation process of the mechanical light-blocking device 432 is as follows:

[0169] Reference Figure 10 As shown, the second stepper motor 43211 inside the power unit box 4321 controls the rotation of the fixed rotating shaft robotic arm 4322. Under the connection of the cylindrical rotating shaft 4323, the annular turntable 4324 rotates around its center, driving the cylinder 43251 of the shutter blade 4325 to move within the elongated small hole 43241 of the annular turntable 4324. The cuboid 43252 of the shutter blade 4325 slides in the direction defined by the rectangular groove 43261 of the fixed ring 4326, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the mechanical shutter 432. (Refer to...) Figure 10 As shown in (a), the mechanical shader 432 is closed, as referenced. Figure 10 As shown in (b), the mechanical light shield 432 is open.

[0170] During the shooting process, an automatic sliding rail 42 is used to drive the laser 431 and quickly adjust the position of the laser 431 to acquire multiple sets of cross-sectional image data.

[0171] The two image acquisition devices 41 of this application work together with the mechanical light shield 432.

[0172] During the experiment, the opening and closing interval of the mechanical light shield 432 was first set according to the shutter speed of the image acquisition device 41 to ensure that the image acquisition device 41 could continuously capture images of different cross-sections of the slope model 12. Then, the position of the laser 431 was adjusted by adjusting the movement speed of the automatic slide rail 42, so as to capture a set of equally spaced cross-sectional images with more than the number of lasers 431 in a very short time for dynamic three-dimensional analysis of the project. After a set of photos was taken, the lasers 431 on the left and right rows of automatic slide rails 42 returned to their original positions, and the next set of images was captured in a very short time.

[0173] Automatic slide rail 42, laser 431, mechanical light shield 432, and image acquisition device 41 are connected to intelligent terminal 5 respectively. Intelligent terminal 5 sets various parameters of step motor 424, mechanical light shield 432, and image acquisition device 41 according to the required image accuracy, thereby realizing the coordinated operation between the spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4.

[0174] In the above embodiments of this application, a laser 431 is used to emit laser light to expose multiple profiles at different depths in the observation direction, and a mechanical shading device 432 is used to block or allow the laser light emitted by the laser 431 to pass through. An image acquisition device 41 is used to acquire images of multiple profiles in the observation direction during the coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model 12 under the action of wind load, rainfall, and vegetation model 13. This obtains multi-profile visualized three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model 12 under the action of wind load, rainfall, and vegetation model 13, including three-dimensional images of the profiles of the slope model 12, providing data support for the dynamic three-dimensional analysis of subsequent engineering projects.

[0175] The preferred features in the above embodiments can be used individually in any embodiment, or in any combination thereof, provided they do not conflict with each other. Furthermore, parts not described in detail in the embodiments can be implemented using existing technologies.

[0176] In the simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters provided in this application, a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4 is used to acquire three-dimensional images of the profile of the slope simulation box 1 under the action of wind load, rainfall and plant model 13 in the observation direction. The image data is processed using PIV technology to obtain two-dimensional profile images and three-dimensional information of the slope model 12, namely the global displacement field and velocity field of the slope model 12. Thus, the development and change law of the seepage path trajectory of rainfall under the action of the root system of plant model 13 over time and the complete process of deformation and instability of slope model 12 are obtained.

[0177] The global displacement field of the slope model includes the horizontal and vertical displacements of the slope model; the global velocity field includes velocity and acceleration. The deformation and dynamic response characteristics of the soil are quantitatively characterized through the global displacement and velocity fields of the slope model.

[0178] By comparing the observed seepage paths with the largest global velocity field, the dominant seepage path trajectory for rainfall is identified. Identifying this dominant seepage path trajectory directly demonstrates that vegetation has a negative effect on slope instability during typhoons and heavy rains. Previously, it was believed that vegetation primarily served a reinforcing role through its root system, thus contributing to slope stability.

[0179] In the simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters provided in this application, a rainfall control system 2 is used to simulate rainfall and control the rainfall duration. The specific principle is as follows:

[0180] Based on the typical characteristics of typhoons and rainstorms in historical meteorological observation data of a certain slope, such as typhoon intensity, duration, and rainfall, including typhoon intensity including but not limited to typhoon center pressure, typhoon movement speed and typhoon wind speed, the fitting parameters of each region in the empirical formula for rainfall caused by typhoons are determined. According to the set typhoon level, the rainfall intensity is calculated according to the empirical formula for rainfall caused by typhoons. Specifically, the above formula (3) can be used to regulate the rainfall control system 2.

[0181] In terms of control logic, the intelligent terminal 5 calculates the rainfall intensity based on the typhoon level set by the wind tunnel platform. Specifically, it can refer to the above formula (3). Then, based on the minute-level intensity-time curve corresponding to the rainfall intensity, it constructs a mapping model between the target power of the variable frequency water pump 22 and the flow coefficient of the spray device 25, and dynamically determines the target power of the variable frequency water pump 22. Specifically, it can refer to the above formula (5).

[0182] Furthermore, the variable frequency water pump 22 and the flow measurement component 23 are respectively connected to the smart terminal 5. The rainfall duration data is input into the smart terminal 5, and the rainfall intensity is controlled by controlling the target power of the variable frequency water pump 22 in real time. The flow measurement component 23 monitors the pumping rate of the variable frequency water pump 22, thereby simulating rainfall in a real environment.

[0183] The target power of the variable frequency water pump 22 is sent to the variable frequency water pump 22 by the smart terminal 5.

[0184] The following examples and comparative examples will be used to further illustrate this application in order to better understand the above-mentioned technical solutions. It should be understood that the following are only some examples and are not intended to limit this application.

[0185] The following describes the specific process of conducting experiments using a simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters provided in this application.

[0186] Figure 11 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating an experimental simulation system for a combined landslide disaster induced by typhoon and rainstorm, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0187] Reference Figure 11 As shown, the complete operation flow of the simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters provided in this application is as follows:

[0188] First, a plant model 13 is made using 3D printing technology. Transparent soil material is made based on solids and liquids with the same refractive index. The slope is then cut to prepare a slope model 12. The plant model 13 is then buried in the prepared slope model 12. The slope model 12 can be prepared by referring to the process of preparing the slope model described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0189] Then, strain gauges were installed on the trunk of plant model 13, and accelerometers were installed on the root system of plant model 13.

[0190] Then, input the wind load and rainfall time history data into the smart terminal 5.

[0191] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a control flow for rainfall time history and wind load time history according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0192] Reference Figure 12 As shown, test parameters are input through the intelligent terminal 5, which controls the variable frequency water pump 22 based on the rainfall time history data, and then outputs rainfall; the intelligent terminal 5 inputs the wind load time history data to the wind tunnel platform control room, which controls the multi-stage compressor, and then outputs wind load.

[0193] Set the shutter speed of the image acquisition device 41, for example, to 1 / 250s.

[0194] The spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system 4 is turned on, and the image acquisition device 41, mechanical light shield 432 and automatic slide rail 42 are started simultaneously. The mechanical light shield 432 and the shutter of the image acquisition device 41 are triggered synchronously.

[0195] The typhoon level is set to 20 m / s, that is, the target wind load level is 20 m / s. According to the above formula (3), the rainfall intensity is calculated to be about 17 mm / h. The rainfall time is set to 5 min.

[0196] Based on the similarity ratio of the model test and the area covered by rainfall, the sprinkler flow coefficient K is determined. For example, if the area A of the model test is 2m², the flow coefficient K of the sprinkler is determined. 2 Calculations yielded Then, based on the total head in the experiment, such as H=20m, the overall efficiency of the variable frequency water pump 22, such as... And the density of the liquid being transported, such as mineral oil. Based on the above formula (5), the power of the variable frequency water pump 22 is calculated. .

[0197] The simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters is activated. The rainfall control system 2 is controlled by the intelligent terminal 5, which in turn controls the rainfall schedule, namely the rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and rainfall amount. When the rainfall intensity is stable, such as 17 mm / h, a start signal is sent to the wind load control system 3 to adjust the wind speed to the target value, such as 20 m / s.

[0198] When both rainfall and wind loads reach a stable state, the test begins. The entire test process is recorded, such as from the start to the end in 30 seconds or from the start to the slope instability.

[0199] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a data acquisition time process according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0200] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a data acquisition process according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0201] Reference Figures 13 to 14 As shown, the explanation will be based on four lasers 431 on each side.

[0202] During the experiment, laser 431 was kept on throughout, and mechanical light shield 432 controlled the timing of illumination. During the shooting, the mechanical light shield 432 of lasers 1-4 431 were activated sequentially, synchronously triggering the image acquisition device 41 to take pictures, with the interval time consistent with the shooting interval of the image acquisition device 41; after completion, lasers 5-8 431 took pictures in succession according to the same rules.

[0203] During the shooting on one side, the automatic sliding rail 42 on the other side moves the laser 431 to the next position. Once the shooting is completed, a new cross-section shooting is started. Each laser 431 illuminates two cross-sections, ultimately forming 16 images ordered by time, numbered 1-16. These images need to be rearranged in spatial order as 1-5-9-13-2-6-10-14-3-7-11-15-4-8-12-16, completing a set of 3D image acquisitions.

[0204] The interval between the two shooting sessions is an integer multiple of the total frame time. After the loop ends, the automatic slider 42 resets and the next shooting session begins.

[0205] During the experiment, the speeds of the laser 431 and mechanical shutter 432 were first set according to the shutter speed of the image acquisition device 41 to ensure that the image acquisition device 41 could continuously capture images of different cross-sections of the slope model 12. Then, the position of the laser 431 was adjusted by controlling the movement of the automatic slide rail 42, enabling the capture of 16 equally spaced cross-sectional images in a short time for PIV analysis. After a set of images was captured, the automatic slide rails 42 on both sides returned to their original positions, and the next set of images was captured continuously.

[0206] In addition, strain gauges 17 are installed on the trunk of the plant model 13, and acceleration sensors 18 are installed on the root system of the plant model 13 to record the strain data of the trunk and the acceleration data of the root system during the experiment.

[0207] Under wind load and rainfall, different stopping criteria were adopted for the test depending on the slope instability. Taking a total test time of 30 seconds as an example, if the slope was unstable, the end of the unstable flow was marked by the acquisition of images and sensor data before instability; if the slope was not unstable, images and sensor data for the entire test process, i.e., 30 seconds, were acquired.

[0208] After the experiment, the captured images were processed and analyzed using PIV technology. The specific process is as follows:

[0209] First, the perspective error of the left and right image acquisition devices 41 is calibrated, the images are sorted according to the position parameters of the laser 431, and a spatial mapping is established.

[0210] Kalman filtering is used to eliminate noise in the image and enhance the contrast between the tracer particles and the root contours.

[0211] The PIV technique was further used to calculate the two-dimensional field of the profile of slope model 12.

[0212] Interrogation windows containing 5-10 particles are divided. The displacements of particles in adjacent frames are calculated through Fourier transform and cross-correlation analysis to obtain velocity vectors. Outliers are removed after smoothing to generate the velocity and displacement fields of each profile.

[0213] Subsequently, by integrating multi-profile data and combining the principle of three-dimensional PIV, the three-dimensional velocity and displacement components are obtained using triangulation, and a "time-space-velocity / displacement" matrix is ​​constructed to display the dynamics of the flow field using vector diagrams.

[0214] Finally, the rainfall seepage path was identified based on the global velocity field, the root reinforcement effect was quantified by comparing it with the displacement field, and the influence of root torque on the soil was inferred by the strain tensor.

[0215] In addition, by combining data from trunk strain and root acceleration sensors 18, key parameters for the risk of tree toppling were calculated:

[0216] Based on the strain of the trunk of the plant model 13 measured by strain gauge 17, the actual tilt angle of the trunk of the plant model 13 is inverted. And substitute:

[0217] ;

[0218] The trunk tilt vector ratio (TIVR) is calculated to assess the tree's resistance to overturning. The higher the TIVR, the lower the tree's resistance to overturning.

[0219] Optical positioning technology is used to determine the coordinates of the crown of plant model 13. The root acceleration of plant model 13 measured by the accelerometer is integrated twice to calculate the root coordinates of plant model 13. Combined with the height of plant model 13 and the diameter of its crown, the crown-root offset (CRO) is determined. A larger crown-root offset indicates a lower resistance to overturning.

[0220] ;

[0221] in, This represents the crown-root offset, where H represents the height of plant model 13. This represents the diameter of the canopy of plant model 13. The coordinates represent the center of the canopy of plant model 13. The coordinates represent the root center of plant model 13.

[0222] The combination of the above-mentioned trunk tilt vector ratio (TIVR) and crown-root offset (CRO) directly reveals the three-mechanism coupling disaster mechanism inside the soil: the attenuation of the reinforcement effect of plant roots, the wind load causing cracks to reconstruct the seepage path, such as the formation of the dominant seepage path trajectory, and the sudden increase in pore water pressure and matrix suction collapse caused by rainstorm infiltration.

[0223] The above-mentioned experiment in this application realizes a full-process model of disaster under the interaction of typhoon-rainstorm-vegetation-soil by integrating PIV flow field analysis and sensor inversion mechanical parameter analysis.

[0224] The above embodiments of this application provide a simulation system for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters. It synchronously reproduces the effects of high-intensity typhoons and rainstorms on vegetated slopes, realizing transparent observation of the entire disaster chain process. Based on transparent soil refractive index matching technology, the system captures the entire disaster process of complex landslides under the mutual feedback of typhoon-rainstorm-vegetation-soil in real time.

[0225] Specifically, the system can accurately simulate the effects of typhoon heavy rainfall and the overturning moment of vegetation under wind load, directly revealing the three-mechanism coupled disaster process inside the soil: the root reinforcement effect of plant roots on the slope and the deformation of the anchorage zone induced by wind load damage, the reconstruction effect of wind-induced cracks on the seepage path, and the sudden increase in pore water pressure and matrix suction collapse caused by rainstorm infiltration.

[0226] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating a simulation method for a combined landslide disaster induced by typhoon and rainstorm, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0227] Reference Figure 15As shown, this application provides a simulation method for typhoon-induced complex slippage disasters using the above-mentioned simulation system for typhoon-induced complex slippage disasters, including steps S11 to S16.

[0228] S11 uses a slope simulation box to simulate a vegetation-covered slope.

[0229] Specifically, the slope simulation chamber includes a slope model, a plant model, strain gauges, and an accelerometer. The strain gauges are used to measure the strain of the trunk of the plant model, and the accelerometer is used to measure the acceleration of the root system of the plant model.

[0230] S12 uses a wind load control system to apply a preset wind load to the slope simulation box according to the set typhoon level.

[0231] Specifically, step S12 controls the wind load system by inputting wind load control data into the smart terminal, thereby applying a preset wind load.

[0232] S13 determines the rainfall intensity based on the set typhoon level.

[0233] Specifically, step S13 can be achieved by using the above formula (3), which will not be repeated here.

[0234] S14. Based on the rainfall intensity, the target power of the variable frequency water pump is determined by using a mapping model between the target power of the variable frequency water pump and the flow coefficient of the spray device, which is constructed based on the minute-level rainfall intensity-time curve corresponding to the rainfall intensity.

[0235] Specifically, step S14 can be achieved by using the above formula (5), which will not be repeated here.

[0236] The above steps S13 to S14 can be achieved by controlling the rainfall control system through a smart terminal. The smart terminal monitors the liquid extraction status of the variable frequency water pump in real time and feeds it back to the rainfall control system.

[0237] S15, based on the target power of the variable frequency water pump, a rainfall control system is used to control the variable frequency water pump to draw liquid to the spray device to apply rainfall to the slope simulation box.

[0238] The above steps S13 to S15 can be achieved by controlling the rainfall control system through a smart terminal. The smart terminal monitors the liquid extraction status of the variable frequency water pump in real time and feeds it back to the rainfall control system.

[0239] S16 uses a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system to collect multi-section visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model in real time under the influence of wind load, rainfall and vegetation model.

[0240] The embodiments described above employ a slope simulation box to simulate a vegetation-covered slope, a wind load control system to simulate wind load according to a set typhoon level and control the wind load time history, and a rainfall control system to determine rainfall intensity according to the typhoon level set by the wind load control system. The system then controls the target power of the variable frequency water pump based on the rainfall intensity, thereby controlling the rainfall time history. This accurately simulates the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model under the influence of wind load, rainfall, and vegetation. A spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system is used to collect multi-section visualized three-dimensional data of the slope model during the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process in real time, enabling dynamic three-dimensional analysis of the project. This reveals the physical mechanism of typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters, laying the foundation for their management and prevention.

[0241] To enable the analysis of the effect of plants on slope models, in some specific embodiments of this application, a simulation method for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters may further include S17 to S19.

[0242] S17. Based on the multi-profile visualized three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model, the global displacement field and global velocity field are determined by using PIV technology.

[0243] Specifically, the perspective error of the image acquisition device is calibrated, and the images are sorted according to the laser position parameters to establish a spatial mapping; Kalman filtering is used to eliminate noise in the images and enhance the contrast between the tracer particles and the outlines of the plant roots; PIV technology is used to calculate the two-dimensional field of the slope model profile, generating the velocity field and displacement field of each profile; multi-profile data are fused, and combined with the principle of stereo PIV, the three-dimensional velocity component and displacement component are obtained by triangulation, constructing a "time-space-velocity / displacement" matrix to determine the global three-dimensional displacement field and the global three-dimensional velocity field.

[0244] S18 uses the rainfall seepage path corresponding to the largest global velocity field as the dominant seepage path.

[0245] S19. Determine the effect of the plant model on the slope model based on the dominant seepage path.

[0246] Specifically, the effects of plant models on slope models include root reinforcement and negative effects of unstable flow.

[0247] Based on the dominant seepage path, the root reinforcement effect of the plant model was compared with that of the displacement field quantification, and the influence of the root torque of the plant model on the soil was inferred by the strain tensor. This revealed that the plant model not only has a root reinforcement effect on the slope model, but also a negative effect of unstable flow.

[0248] The embodiments described above in this application use PIV technology to analyze the multi-profile visualized three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupled disaster simulation process of the slope model, determine the global velocity field and displacement field, and then determine the dominant seepage path of rainfall to analyze the influence of the root system of the plant model on the soil, including the root reinforcement effect and the negative effect of unstable flow. In the past, it was generally believed that the effect of the plant model on the slope model was the root reinforcement effect. In reality, under the action of wind load, cracks are caused in the soil, reconstructing the seepage path of rainfall. The plant model has a negative effect of unstable flow on the slope model.

[0249] To enable the analysis of the coupled disaster mechanism within the soil of the slope model, in some specific embodiments of this application, a simulation method for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters may further include S20 to S25.

[0250] S20, based on the strain of the tree trunk of the plant model measured by strain gauges, determine the actual tilt angle of the tree trunk of the plant model.

[0251] S21, Calculate the trunk tilt vector ratio of the plant model based on the actual tilt angle of the trunk.

[0252] Specifically, steps S20 to S21 can be achieved using the above formula (7).

[0253] S22, optical positioning technology is used to determine the coordinates of the tree crown of the plant model.

[0254] S23, perform a second integration on the root acceleration of the plant model measured by the accelerometer to determine the coordinates of the root system of the plant model.

[0255] S24. Determine the crown-root offset based on the coordinates of the plant model's crown, the coordinates of the plant model's root system, the height of the plant model, and the diameter of the plant model's crown.

[0256] Specifically, steps S22 to S24 can be achieved using the above formula (8).

[0257] S25. Based on the trunk tilt vector ratio and crown-root offset of the plant model, the coupled disaster mechanism inside the soil of the slope model is analyzed.

[0258] Specifically, the larger the trunk tilt vector ratio of the plant model, the smaller the tree's resistance to overturning; the larger the crown-root offset, the smaller the tree's resistance to overturning.

[0259] The embodiments described above in this application directly reveal the three-mechanism coupled disaster mechanism within the soil based on the combination of trunk tilt vector ratio (TIVR) and crown-root offset (CRO): the attenuation of the reinforcement effect of plant roots, the wind load causing cracks to reconstruct the seepage path, such as the formation of the dominant seepage path trajectory, and the sudden increase in pore water pressure and matrix suction collapse caused by rainstorm infiltration.

[0260] The simulation system and method for typhoon-induced complex landslide disasters provided in this application achieve transparent observation of the entire disaster chain by synchronously reproducing the effects of high-intensity typhoons and rainstorms on vegetated slopes. It accurately simulates the overturning moment effect of typhoon heavy rainfall and vegetation under wind load, directly revealing the three-mechanism coupled disaster process within the soil: the reinforcing effect of plant roots on the slope and the deformation of the anchoring zone induced by wind load damage, the reconstructing effect of wind-induced fissures on the seepage path, and the sudden increase in pore water pressure and matrix suction collapse caused by rainstorm infiltration. Based on transparent soil refractive index matching technology, it captures the entire disaster process of complex landslides under the mutual feedback of typhoon-rainstorm-vegetation-soil in real time, providing a scientific basis for the treatment and prevention of rain-induced landslides.

[0261] The specific embodiments of this application have been described above. It should be understood that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the substantive content of this application. The above-described preferred features can be used in any combination without conflict.

Claims

1. A simulation system of typhoon-rainstorm-induced compound flow slide disaster, characterized in that, The application relates to a slope simulation box, a wind load control system, a rainfall control system and a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system. The slope simulation box comprises a slope model, a plant model, a strain gauge and an acceleration sensor, the strain gauge is used for measuring the strain of the stem of the plant model, the acceleration sensor is used for measuring the acceleration of the root system of the plant model, and the slope simulation box is used for simulating a vegetation-covered slope. The wind load control system is used for simulating the wind load applied to the slope simulation box and controlling the wind load time course according to a set typhoon grade. The rainfall control system comprises a variable frequency water pump, is used for determining the rainfall intensity according to the set typhoon grade, determining the target power of the variable frequency water pump according to the rainfall intensity, simulating the rainfall and controlling the rainfall time course by controlling the target power of the variable frequency water pump. The spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system is used for acquiring the multi-profile visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupling disaster simulation process of the slope model under the action of the wind load, the rainfall and the plant model in real time. The rainfall control system further comprises a water supply component, a flow measurement component, a spraying device and a connecting pipeline, the variable frequency water pump is arranged in the water supply component, the flow measurement component is installed at the water outlet of the variable frequency water pump, the spraying device is connected with the variable frequency water pump through the connecting pipeline, the spraying device is arranged above the slope simulation box, the variable frequency water pump is used for pumping the liquid in the water supply component and transmitting the liquid to the spraying device through the connecting pipeline to form the rainfall, the liquid in the water supply component contains an indicator, and the flow measurement component is used for monitoring the pumping rate of the variable frequency water pump in real time. The rainfall control system determines the rainfall intensity according to the typhoon grade set by the wind load control system according to the following formula: ； wherein, R represents rainfall intensity, represents sea level standard atmospheric pressure, represents typhoon center atmospheric pressure, V represents typhoon moving speed, represents distance from typhoon wind speed, represents reference atmospheric pressure difference, represents reference typhoon moving speed, represents reference wind speed, reference rainfall coefficient, A represents first region fitting coefficient, B represents second region fitting coefficient, C represents third region fitting coefficient, D represents fourth region fitting coefficient, E represents fifth region fitting coefficient.

2. The simulation system of typhoon storm-induced compound flow slide disaster according to claim 1, wherein, The rainfall control system determines the target power of the variable frequency water pump according to the mapping model between the target power of the variable frequency water pump and the flow coefficient of the spraying device which is constructed according to the minute-level rainfall intensity-time curve corresponding to the rainfall intensity. ； wherein, represents a target power of the variable frequency water pump, represents a density of a liquid in the water supply component, represents a gravitational acceleration, H represents a total head of the variable frequency water pump transporting the liquid, K represents a flow coefficient of the spray device, R represents a rainfall intensity, represents a comprehensive efficiency of the variable frequency water pump.

3. The typhoon storm-induced compound flow landslide hazard simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, The slope model adopts transparent soil material, and the plant model is used for simulating the root reinforcement effect on the slope model and the dynamic load effect on the slope model under the action of the wind load. The slope simulation box further comprises a model box and a seepage hole container platform, the side plate of the model box adopts rigid transparent material, the seepage hole container platform comprises a seepage container and a platform, the seepage container is arranged on the top of the platform, the model box is arranged on the seepage container, and the seepage container is connected with the water supply component through a pipeline and is used for transmitting the liquid seeped into the seepage container to the water supply component for recycling.

4. The typhoon storm-induced compound flow landslide hazard simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, The application further relates to an intelligent terminal. The intelligent terminal is connected with the wind load control system and is used for transmitting the wind load control data to the wind load control system. The intelligent terminal is connected with the rainfall control system and is used for monitoring the liquid pumping condition of the variable frequency water pump in real time and feeding back to the rainfall control system. The intelligent terminal is further connected with the spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system, and is used for acquiring the multi-profile visualization three-dimensional data and processing the multi-profile visualization three-dimensional data by using a PIV technology to determine a global displacement field and a global velocity field, so as to realize dynamic three-dimensional analysis of the project. The intelligent terminal is further used for calculating a trunk inclination vector ratio according to the strain of the trunk of the plant model measured by the strain gauge and calculating a crown-root offset according to the acceleration of the root system of the plant model measured by the acceleration sensor, and analyzing a coupling disaster mechanism in the soil body of the slope model according to the trunk inclination vector ratio and the crown-root offset.

5. The typhoon storm-induced compound flow landslide hazard simulation system according to claim 1, wherein, The spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system comprises two automatic sliding rails, a plurality of lasers, a plurality of mechanical light barriers and two image acquisition devices, the two automatic sliding rails are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the slope simulation box, the plurality of lasers are respectively arranged on the automatic sliding rails, the plurality of mechanical light barriers are respectively arranged at emitting positions of the lasers, and the two image acquisition devices are respectively arranged in a first direction and a second direction. The automatic sliding rails are used for mounting and driving the lasers, the lasers are used for exposing a plurality of profiles at different depths in the observation direction of the slope simulation box, the mechanical light barriers are used for shielding or passing the laser emitted by the lasers, and the image acquisition devices are used for acquiring images of the plurality of profiles in the observation direction in a three-mechanism coupling disaster simulation process of the slope model under the action of the wind load, the rainfall and the plant model.

6. A method for simulating the typhoon storm-induced compound flow slide disaster by using the simulation system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: A slope simulation box is used to simulate a vegetation-covered slope, the slope simulation box comprises a slope model, a plant model, a strain gauge and an acceleration sensor, the strain gauge is used to measure the strain of the trunk of the plant model, and the acceleration sensor is used to measure the acceleration of the root system of the plant model; A wind load control system is used to apply a preset wind load to the slope simulation box according to a set typhoon grade; The rainfall intensity is determined according to the set typhoon grade; According to the rainfall intensity, a mapping model between a target power of a variable frequency water pump and a flow coefficient of a spraying device is determined according to a minute-level rainfall intensity-time curve corresponding to the rainfall intensity; According to the target power of the variable frequency water pump, the variable frequency water pump is controlled by the rainfall control system to draw liquid to the spraying device to apply rainfall to the slope simulation box; Under the action of the wind load, the rainfall and the plant model, multi-profile visualization three-dimensional data of a three-mechanism coupling disaster simulation process of the slope model is acquired in real time by a spatial three-dimensional visualization data acquisition system.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: The method further comprises the following steps: According to the multi-profile visualization three-dimensional data of the three-mechanism coupling disaster simulation process of the slope model, a global displacement field and a global velocity field are determined by using a PIV technology; The rainfall seepage path corresponding to the maximum global velocity field is taken as a dominant seepage path. According to the advantage seepage path, an effect of the plant model on the slope model is determined, the effect of the plant model on the slope model including a root reinforcement effect and an unstable flow negative effect.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method is characterized by, The method further includes: According to the strain of the plant model trunk measured by the strain gauge, an actual inclination angle of the plant model trunk is determined; According to the actual inclination angle of the plant model trunk, a trunk inclination vector ratio of the plant model is calculated; An optical positioning technology is used to determine the coordinates of the plant model crown; The root acceleration of the plant model measured by the acceleration sensor is twice integrated to determine the coordinates of the plant model root; According to the coordinates of the plant model crown, the coordinates of the plant model root, the height of the plant model and the diameter of the plant model crown, a crown-root offset is determined; According to the trunk inclination vector ratio of the plant model and the crown-root offset, a coupling disaster mechanism inside the soil body of the slope model is analyzed.

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