Quantum bit calibration graph generation method and device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum bit calibration graph generation method and device, equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of quantum. The method comprises the steps that a calibration template is obtained, the calibration template comprises a plurality of template nodes and at least one first directed edge, the template nodes are used for representing a calibration process for quantum bits, and the first directed edge is used for indicating the execution sequence of the calibration processes represented by the two template nodes connected with the first directed edge; structural data of the quantum chip are obtained, the structural data are used for indicating N quantum bits included in the quantum chip and used for indicating the coupling condition among the N quantum bits, and N is an integer larger than 1; and according to the calibration template and the structural data, generating a quantum bit calibration graph of the quantum chip, the quantum bit calibration graph being used for graphically representing a calibration task for the N quantum bits. According to the method, automatic generation of the quantum bit calibration graph of the quantum chip is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for generating a quantum bit calibration map. Background Technology

[0002] A quantum chip is the central processing unit (CPU) of a quantum computer. To enable a quantum computer to operate efficiently and stably, the qubits in the quantum chip need to be calibrated to maintain precise control over the quantum states of the qubits.

[0003] In related technologies, qubit calibration maps are commonly used to represent and drive calibration tasks for qubits in quantum chips.

[0004] Currently, the qubit calibration pattern of quantum chips is manually defined, and when the scale of the quantum chip changes, the structure of the above qubit calibration pattern also needs to be manually adjusted, which is inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for generating a quantum bit calibration map. The technical solution provided by this application is as follows: According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a method for generating a quantum bit calibration map is provided, the method comprising: Obtain a calibration template, which includes multiple template nodes and at least one first directed edge. The template nodes are used to characterize a calibration process for a qubit, and the first directed edge is used to indicate the execution order of the calibration processes represented by the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge. Obtain structural data of a quantum chip, wherein the structural data is used to indicate the N qubits included in the quantum chip and to indicate the coupling between the N qubits, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; Based on the calibration template and the structural data, a qubit calibration map of the quantum chip is generated, which is used to graphically represent the calibration task for the N qubits.

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a quantum bit calibration map generation apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising: An acquisition module is used to acquire a calibration template, the calibration template including multiple template nodes and at least one first directed edge, the template nodes being used to characterize a calibration process for a qubit, and the first directed edge being used to indicate the execution order of the calibration processes represented by the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge. The acquisition module is further configured to acquire structural data of the quantum chip, the structural data being used to indicate the N qubits included in the quantum chip, and to indicate the coupling between the N qubits, where N is an integer greater than 1; A generation module is used to generate a qubit calibration map of the quantum chip based on the calibration template and the structural data. The qubit calibration map is used to graphically represent the calibration task for the N qubits.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer device is provided, the computer device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, the computer program being loaded and executed by the processor to implement the above-described method for generating a quantum bit calibration map.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein a computer program is stored in the storage medium, the computer program being loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-described method for generating a quantum bit calibration map.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product including a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a processor reads from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer program to implement the above-described method for generating a quantum bit calibration map.

[0010] The technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following beneficial effects: By using a calibration template and the structural data of the quantum chip, a qubit calibration map is generated to graphically represent the calibration task for N qubits in the quantum chip, thus achieving automated generation of the qubit calibration map. In this method, the template nodes in the calibration template represent a type (or class) of calibration process for the qubits, and the structural data indicates the N qubits included in the quantum chip and the coupling between these N qubits. Therefore, by combining the structural data with a fixed calibration template, regardless of changes in the size of the quantum chip (such as an increase in the number of qubits or changes in the coupling relationships between the qubits), a relatively complete and automatic qubit calibration map that conforms to the actual structure of the quantum chip can always be generated, improving the generation efficiency of the qubit calibration map. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a computer system provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a method for generating a quantum bit calibration map according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a method for generating a quantum bit calibration map according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a calibration template provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of a quantum chip provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of a quantum chip provided in another embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of a method for generating a quantum bit calibration map according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the quantum bit calibration diagram of a quantum chip provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the generation process of a quantum bit calibration map provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a block diagram of a quantum bit calibration map generation apparatus provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided in one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] Before describing the embodiments of this application, some terms used in this application will be explained. The following explanations are optional and can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application in any way, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0014] Quantum computing is a computing method that uses quantum logic and the properties of quantum states, such as superposition and entanglement, to rapidly complete computational tasks. The basic unit for storing data in quantum computing is the qubit.

[0015] A qubit (qubit) is a form of quantum information carrier and the basic unit of quantum computing. Classical computers use 0 and 1 as the basic units of binary computation. Unlike classical computers, the state of a qubit is described by a linear combination of the computational ground state (0 or 1), often referred to as a superposition state.

[0016] Quantum operation: A manipulation of qubits to process the quantum information they carry. Common quantum operations include the Pauli X, Y, Z transforms (or written as σx, σy, σz), the Hadamard transform (H), and the controlled Pauli X transform. Quantum operations include single-qubit operations on a single qubit and multi-qubit operations on multiple coupled qubits.

[0017] Quantum chip: A chip based on the principles of quantum mechanics, serving as the central processing unit of a quantum computer. Quantum chips of different sizes contain different numbers of qubits.

[0018] Qubit Calibration: In quantum computers, both storage and computation are performed using qubits. A qubit is a storage-computing integrated structure; its data storage and operational control both require precise control of quantum states. Qubit calibration is the standardization of this control process. A calibrated qubit can maintain precise control within a certain range for a period of time.

[0019] Quantum bit calibration graph: To meet the requirements for computational computation, qubits undergo a series of calibration procedures based on physical models. These typically involve searching for the operating frequency of the quantum device, calibrating the quantum states and gates of isolated qubits, and co-calibrating multiple qubit gates, among other physical parameter calibration and setting steps. This can be abstracted as a directed graph structure containing multiple calibration nodes, called a qubit calibration graph. The qubit calibration graph indicates the dependencies between calibration nodes and drives the qubit calibration process.

[0020] A Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is a graph consisting of a finite number of nodes and directed edges. Starting from any node, it is impossible to return to that node after traversing a certain number of directed edges.

[0021] Automated calibration: The calibration process of qubits involves multiple sets of dependent calibration processes related to various quantum devices, which can be defined as qubit calibration maps. The calibration nodes corresponding to these calibration processes all involve complex microwave control. Furthermore, the corresponding control parameters are characterized by high dimensionality, multiple dependencies, and constant drift. Automating the control process of these parameters means automating calibration.

[0022] Please refer to Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a computer system provided in one embodiment of this application. The computer system includes: a first device 11, a second device 12, a control device 13, and a quantum computing device 14.

[0023] The quantum computing device 14 is a quantum chip or a quantum computer containing a quantum chip.

[0024] The first device 11 and the second device 12 are classical computers. The first device 11 and the second device 12 can be the same computer device or different computer devices. In some embodiments, the first device 11 performs the task of generating a qubit calibration map, and the first device 11 sends the qubit calibration map generated for the quantum computing device 14 to the second device 12. In some embodiments, the second device 12 is used to control the control device 13, for example, the second device 12 sends instructions to the control device 13 sequentially, according to the qubit calibration map, indicating the calibration process for different qubits. The second device 12 and the control device 13 can communicate via a network, such as a wireless or wired network.

[0025] The control device 13 includes a series of analog controllers for controlling the quantum computing device 14. For example, in the case where the quantum computing device 14 is a superconducting quantum chip, the control device 13 controls the qubits in the quantum computing device 14 by controlling the temperature of the environment in which the quantum computing device 14 is located. In some embodiments, the control device 13 performs calibration on the qubits in the quantum computing device 14 according to instructions sent by the second device 12.

[0026] In the following method embodiments, for ease of explanation, only a computer device is described as the entity performing each step. For example, the computer device can be the first device 11 in the computer system described above, or the second device 12, or the control device 13; this application does not limit this.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a method for generating a quantum bit calibration map according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] In this embodiment, a qubit calibration graph 23 for the quantum chip is generated based on two graph structures: a calibration template 21 and a topology graph 22 of the quantum chip. The calibration template 21 includes multiple template nodes and at least one first directed edge. The template nodes represent a calibration process for a qubit, and the first directed edge indicates the execution order of the calibration processes represented by the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge. The topology graph 22 of the quantum chip includes N topology nodes. Each topology node in the topology graph represents a qubit in the quantum chip, and the connections between these topology nodes indicate the coupling relationships between the qubits.

[0029] The technical solution provided in this application can separate the work of quantum chip designers and quantum chip calibration personnel. Specifically, quantum chip designers design the topological structure diagram of the quantum chip, while quantum chip calibration personnel design the calibration template. Furthermore, by combining the topological structure diagram and the calibration template in a "diagram-within-a-diagram" manner, the generation of qubit calibration diagrams can be automated, improving the efficiency of quantum chip R&D.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a method for generating a qubit calibration map according to an embodiment of this application. The execution entity for each step of the method is a computer device. The method includes at least one of the following steps 310-330.

[0031] Step 310: Obtain a calibration template. The calibration template includes multiple template nodes and at least one first directed edge. The template nodes are used to characterize a calibration process for a qubit, and the first directed edge is used to indicate the execution order of the calibration processes represented by the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge.

[0032] The qubit mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a physical qubit with a physical structure. For example, a qubit is a superconducting qubit containing a Josephson junction.

[0033] The calibration process for qubits is used to calibrate the parameters of qubits.

[0034] In some embodiments, the parameters of a qubit include at least one of the following: parameters describing the physical properties of the qubit, and parameters for quantum operations on the qubit. Exemplarily, parameters describing the physical properties of the qubit include the readout frequency, the position of the qubit, the readout power of the qubit, and the coherence time of the qubit (including spin relaxation time t1 and decoherence time t2), etc. Parameters for quantum operations include parameters of quantum gates, which include single-qubit gates for implementing single-qubit operations and multi-qubit gates for implementing multi-qubit operations. The parameters of quantum operations include parameters for single-qubit operations (including parameters for single-qubit gates) and parameters for multi-qubit operations (including parameters for multi-qubit gates).

[0035] In some embodiments, the template node is a single template node or a coupled template node. A single template node is used to characterize a calibration process for a single qubit, while a coupled template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q qubits that are coupled together, where Q is an integer greater than 1.

[0036] The calibration process for a single qubit is used to calibrate the parameters of that single qubit.

[0037] In some embodiments, the parameters of a single qubit include the parameters described above for the physical properties of the qubit, and the parameters for single-bit operation (such as the parameters of the Pauli X, Y, Z transforms).

[0038] In some embodiments, the calibration process for Q qubits is used to calibrate the parameters of multi-qubit operations (such as controlled Pauli X, Y, Z transforms) for Q qubits.

[0039] It should be noted that the calibration process represented by the template node is general-purpose and not specific to one or a few qubits. For example, the calibration process represented by a single template node is applicable to all qubits in the quantum chip, meaning that the calibration process represented by a single template node can be used to calibrate certain parameters corresponding to each qubit in the quantum chip (such as the parameters of the Pauli X transform corresponding to each qubit). As another example, if a coupled template node is used to represent a calibration process for two coupled qubits, then the calibration process represented by the coupled template node is applicable to all two-qubit groups in the quantum chip. A two-qubit group includes two coupled qubits in the quantum chip; that is, the calibration process represented by the coupled template node can be used to calibrate certain parameters of the two-qubit operations for each two-qubit group in the quantum chip (such as the parameters of the controlled Pauli X transform, i.e., the controlled NOT (C-Not) gate, for each two-qubit group). Therefore, in this embodiment, the calibration process represented by the template node is referred to as "a" calibration process.

[0040] In some embodiments, the coupling template node is used to characterize a calibration process for two qubits that are coupled.

[0041] In some embodiments, the calibration template is represented as a directed acyclic graph.

[0042] For example, please refer to Figure 4This diagram illustrates a calibration template provided in one embodiment of this application. The calibration template includes template nodes A, B, C, and D, and first directed edges ab, ac, bd, and cd. Template nodes A and B each characterize a calibration process for a single qubit; therefore, template nodes A and B are both single-template nodes. Template nodes C and D each characterize a calibration process for two coupled qubits; therefore, template nodes C and D are both coupled template nodes. The first directed edge ab indicates that the calibration process represented by template node A is executed first, followed by the calibration process represented by template node B. The first directed edge ac indicates that the calibration process represented by template node A is executed first, followed by the calibration process represented by template node C. The first directed edge bd indicates that the calibration process represented by template node B is executed first, followed by the calibration process represented by template node D. The first directed edge cd indicates that the calibration process represented by template node C is executed first, followed by the calibration process represented by template node D.

[0043] In some embodiments, a calibration template is constructed using the following code: message ExecurionNode { Uinr32 node_id; / / Define template node message ExecurionEdge { uinr32 parenr_node_id; uinr32 child_node_id; / / Define the first directed edge message CalGraph { srring name; repeared ExecurionNode execurion_node; repeared ExecurionEdge execurion_edge; / / Construct a calibration template based on the defined template node and the first directed edge. Step 320: Obtain the structural data of the quantum chip. The structural data is used to indicate the N qubits included in the quantum chip and to indicate the coupling between the N qubits, where N is an integer greater than 1.

[0044] The aforementioned quantum chip can be a superconducting quantum chip containing superconducting qubits, or it can be a semiconductor quantum chip, an optical quantum chip, etc. This application does not limit it in this regard.

[0045] Structural data is used to indicate the coupling between N qubits. Specifically, structural data is used to indicate which qubits are coupled and which are isolated qubits that are not coupled with any other qubits.

[0046] In some embodiments, the structural data of a quantum chip is represented in the form of a topological diagram.

[0047] For example, please refer to Figure 5 The diagram illustrates a topological structure of a quantum chip according to an embodiment of this application. The topological structure indicates that the quantum chip contains four qubits, q1, q2, q3, and q4, and indicates that q1 and q2 are coupled, q1 and q3 are coupled, q2 and q4 are coupled, and q3 and q4 are coupled.

[0048] In some embodiments, the coupling relationship between multiple qubits means that the multiple qubits are directly connected in the quantum chip. In some embodiments, the coupling relationship between multiple qubits means that the multiple qubits are connected through other devices in the quantum chip (such as capacitors and inductors).

[0049] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, multiple qubits that are not coupled through other qubits are referred to as multiple qubits with a coupling relationship. For example, in Figure 5 In the equation, q2 and q3 are both coupled with q1, but q2 and q3 are not coupled with each other.

[0050] Additionally, it should be noted that, in Figure 5 In this example, qubits are coupled pairwise; this is merely an example of coupling between qubits. In actual quantum chips, isolated qubits or multiple coupled qubits (such as a three-qubit gate) can exist. For an example, please refer to... Figure 6 This illustrates a schematic diagram of the topological structure of a quantum chip provided in another embodiment of this application. Compared to Figure 5 , Figure 6 The topological diagram shown also indicates the isolated qubit q5, and further indicates the coupling relationship between q1, q3 and q4.

[0051] In some embodiments, the topology diagram of a quantum chip is constructed using the following code: message Qubit { uint32 id; string name; / / Define a quantum bit message Coupler { enum Couplertype { UNKNOWN; PHYSICAL; VIrtUAL; } Couplertype type; string coupler_name; repeated string qubit_name; / / Define the coupling relationship between qubits message Chiptopo { string chip_name; repeated Qubit qubit; repeated Coupler coupler; / / A topology diagram of a quantum chip constructed based on the defined qubits and the coupling relationships between them. Step 330: Based on the calibration template and structural data, generate a qubit calibration map of the quantum chip. The qubit calibration map is used to graphically represent the calibration task for N qubits.

[0052] A calibration task for N qubits involves multiple calibration processes for at least one of the N qubits. In other words, a calibration task for N qubits can be broken down into multiple local calibration processes, each of which can be represented as a calibration node in a qubit calibration graph.

[0053] In some embodiments, the qubit calibration graph includes multiple calibration nodes and at least one second directed edge.

[0054] A calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for at least one of N qubits.

[0055] It should be noted that each calibration node corresponds to a qubit in the quantum chip; that is, the calibration process represented by the calibration node is the actual calibration process required for one or more qubits in the quantum chip. Therefore, in this embodiment, the calibration process represented by the calibration node is referred to as "one" calibration process.

[0056] The second directed edge is used to indicate the execution order of the calibration processes represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the second directed edge.

[0057] In some embodiments, the calibration task of the quantum chip is performed in two stages: a first stage and a second stage. Corresponding qubit calibration maps are generated for the first stage and the second stage, respectively. In the first stage, the calibration process is performed for each qubit in the quantum chip individually. Accordingly, the calibration template used in the first stage only includes a single template node, such as only including... Figure 4 Template nodes A and B in the first stage, along with the corresponding qubit calibration diagram, are used to graphically represent the calibration process performed on N qubits. In the second stage, calibration is performed on each qubit group in the quantum chip. Each qubit group consists of Q coupled qubits (Q can be any integer greater than 1). Accordingly, the calibration template used in the second stage only includes coupled template nodes, such as only including... Figure 4 Template nodes C and D in the second stage, and the corresponding qubit calibration diagram, are used to graphically represent the calibration process performed on each qubit group included in the N qubits.

[0058] The technical solution provided in this application generates a qubit calibration map that graphically represents a calibration task for N qubits in a quantum chip, based on a calibration template and the structural data of the quantum chip, thus achieving automated generation of the qubit calibration map. In this method, the template nodes in the calibration template represent a type of calibration process for the qubits, and the structural data indicates the N qubits included in the quantum chip and the coupling relationships between them. Therefore, by combining the structural data with a fixed calibration template, regardless of changes in the size of the quantum chip (e.g., an increase in the number of qubits or changes in the coupling relationships between qubits), a relatively complete and automatic qubit calibration map conforming to the actual structure of the quantum chip can always be generated, improving the generation efficiency of the qubit calibration map.

[0059] In the following embodiments, a specific method for generating a qubit calibration map based on a calibration template and structural data will be described.

[0060] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7 Step 330 includes at least one of the following sub-steps 332 to 336.

[0061] Sub-step 332: Based on the structural data, the template node is expanded into at least one calibration node, which is used to characterize a calibration process for at least one of the N qubits.

[0062] It should be noted that the calibration process represented by a calibration node derived from a template node corresponds to the calibration process represented by the template node itself. For example, if template node j is a single template node and calibration node k is derived from template node j, then calibration node k can be used to represent performing the calibration process represented by template node j on one of the N qubits. In other words, the calibration node is used to represent performing the calibration process represented by the template node corresponding to that calibration node on at least one of the N qubits.

[0063] In some embodiments, the calibration node is a single calibration node or a coupled calibration node. A single calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for one qubit in a group of N qubits, while a coupled calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for multiple qubits in a group of N qubits that are coupled together.

[0064] In some embodiments, a coupling calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for two coupled qubits out of N qubits.

[0065] In some embodiments, sub-step 332 includes at least one of the following steps: 1. When the template node is a single template node, expand the single template node into N single calibration nodes according to the structural data.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 8 It shows a schematic diagram of the quantum bit calibration diagram of a quantum chip provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0067] For example, according to Figure 5 The topological diagram of the quantum chip shown indicates that N=4, therefore it can be... Figure 4 The single template node A shown expands to Figure 8 The single calibration nodes A(q1), A(q2), A(q3), and A(q4) are used. Taking A(q1) as an example, A(q1) represents the calibration process characterized by a single template node A for qubit q1. Figure 4 The single template node B shown expands to Figure 8 The single calibration nodes B(q1), B(q2), B(q3), and B(q4) are used in the example. B(q1) represents the calibration process performed on the qubit q1 using the single template node B.

[0068] 2. When the template node is a coupled template node, according to the structural data, the coupled template node is expanded into M coupled calibration nodes, where M is the number of qubit groups contained in N qubits, M is a positive integer, and the qubit group includes Q qubits that are coupled.

[0069] For example, Figure 4 Template nodes C and D are both coupled template nodes (Q=2). According to Figure 5 The diagram shows the topological structure of the quantum chip. It is also known that the four qubits contain four qubit groups: c1_2 (qubits q1 and q2), c1_3 (qubits q1 and q3), c2_4 (qubits q2 and q4), and c3_4 (qubits q3 and q4). Therefore, it can be... Figure 4 The coupled template node C shown expands to Figure 8 The coupling calibration nodes C(c1_2), C(c1_3), C(c2_4), and C(c3_4) are used. Taking C(c1_2) as an example, C(c1_2) represents the calibration process characterized by the coupling template node C performed on qubits q1 and q2; it can be used to... Figure 4 The coupled template node D shown expands to Figure 8 The coupling calibration nodes D(c1_2), D(c1_3), D(c2_4), and D(c3_4) are used. Taking D(c1_2) as an example, D(c1_2) represents the calibration process performed on the coupling template node D for qubits q1 and q2.

[0070] In the above embodiment, the single template node is expanded into a single calibration node, and the coupled template node is expanded into a coupled calibration node, so that the generated qubit calibration map can be used to perform single qubit calibration tasks for quantum chips, as well as to perform multi-qubit calibration tasks for coupled qubits in quantum chips, thus ensuring the completeness of the qubit calibration map.

[0071] In some embodiments, sub-step 332 includes: if the template node is a target template node, then according to the structural data, expanding the target template node into multiple calibration nodes connected by a third directed edge. The calibration process represented by the target template node is affected by the coupling relationship between qubits when applied to different qubits.

[0072] In some embodiments, the impact of the coupling relationship between qubits on the calibration process represented by the target template node when applied to different qubits means that the execution order of the calibration process represented by the target template node for different qubits (different single qubits or different groups of qubits) is affected by the coupling relationship between qubits.

[0073] For example, the calibration process represented by the target template node is used to calibrate the timing parameters of the qubits. The timing parameters are parameters related to the working timing of the quantum chip. The calibration of the timing parameters needs to take into account the coupling relationship between the qubits and the execution order of different qubits or different groups of qubits in the quantum chip. Therefore, the calibration process represented by the target template node is affected by the coupling relationship between the qubits.

[0074] For example, the calibration process represented by the target template node is used to calibrate the crosstalk parameters of the qubits. The crosstalk parameters are used to describe the noise formed due to the coupling of qubits in the quantum chip. The calibration of the crosstalk parameters also needs to consider the execution order for different qubits or different groups of qubits in the quantum chip according to the coupling relationship between qubits. Therefore, the calibration process represented by the target template node is affected by the coupling relationship between qubits.

[0075] The third directed edge is used to indicate that the calibration processes represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge cannot be executed in parallel.

[0076] For example, please refer to Figure 8 The third directed edge connecting B(q1) and B(q2) indicates that the calibration processes represented by B(q1) and B(q2) cannot be executed in parallel. The third directed edge connecting B(q1) and B(q3) indicates that the calibration processes represented by B(q1) and B(q3) cannot be executed in parallel. The third directed edge connecting B(q3) and B(q4) indicates that the calibration processes represented by B(q3) and B(q4) cannot be executed in parallel.

[0077] In the above embodiment, the target template node is expanded into multiple calibration nodes connected by a third directed edge. Thus, in the final generated qubit calibration diagram, it is restricted that some calibration nodes expanded from the target template node cannot be executed in parallel. This sets a constraint on parallel execution for the calibration process represented by the target template node, ensuring the correctness of the calibration task performed according to the qubit calibration diagram.

[0078] In some embodiments, the target template node is a single template node or a coupled template node.

[0079] In some embodiments, when the target template node is a single template node, the qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge are coupled.

[0080] For example, please refer to Figure 8 The qubits q1 and q2 corresponding to B(q1) and B(q2) respectively exist as follows: Figure 4The coupling relationship shown indicates that the qubits q1 and q3 corresponding to B(q1) and B(q3) respectively have the following relationships: Figure 4 The coupling relationship shown indicates that the qubits q3 and q4 corresponding to B(q3) and B(q4) respectively have the following relationships: Figure 4 The coupling relationship is shown.

[0081] In some embodiments, when the target template node is a coupled template node, the Q qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge each contain the same qubit.

[0082] For example, a calibration node connected by the third directed edge corresponds to Figure 4 In the third directed edge, another calibration node corresponding to q1 and q2 is connected. Figure 4 q1 and q3 in the example.

[0083] In some embodiments, based on structural data, the target template node is expanded into multiple calibration nodes connected by a third directed edge using a tree search method.

[0084] In some embodiments, tree search methods include BFS (Breadth First Search) and DFS (Deep First Search).

[0085] For example, for Figure 4 The template node B shown, if according to Figure 5 The shown topology diagram can be expanded using the BFS method to form... Figure 8 In this example, qubits B(q1), B(q2), B(q3), and B(q4) are connected by a third directed edge. The order indicated by the third directed edge is the search order of the BFS method. In this example, qubit q1 in the topological structure graph is used as the starting search point of BFS to generate B(q1). Then, following the breadth-first principle, q2 and q3 coupled to q1 are searched to generate B(q2) and B(q3). Finally, the search continues from q3 to q4 to generate B(q4). The qubits used as the starting search point for the tree search algorithm can be set by the technician as needed, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0086] In the above embodiment, the qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge are coupled, or the multiple qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge contain the same qubit. That is, the qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge are physically directly related. Therefore, through the above method, the calibration process represented by the target template node can be executed separately when applied to these physically close qubits (or qubit groups) in the quantum chip. This avoids deviations in calibration results caused by simultaneously executing the calibration process represented by the target template node on coupled qubits (or two qubit groups containing the same qubit).

[0087] In some embodiments, the following code addresses whether the template node in the calibration template is for a single qubit or for multiple qubits with coupling relationships, and the method for unfolding the template node: message ExecAssocQcompsGraphtemplate { enum QcompsName { UNKNOWN; AllQubit; AllCoupler; / / Define the device type corresponding to the template node (i.e., whether the template node is for a single qubit or for multiple qubits that are coupled together). message Method { enum Algo { UNKNOWN; BFS; DFS; } Algo method; string start; / / Define the tree search method used for the template node and the starting search point for the tree search method. QcompsName qcomps_name; uint32 qcomps_env_name; / / Each template node completes the above definition, thus forming the specification (template) that each template node needs to refer to when expanding. Sub-step 334: Expand the first directed edge into at least one second directed edge, which is used to indicate the execution order of the calibration process represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the second directed edge.

[0088] In some embodiments, each second directed edge connects two calibration nodes to generate a qubit calibration map.

[0089] It should be noted that the two calibration nodes connected by the second directed edge correspond to the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge corresponding to the second directed edge. For example, if the second directed edge t is obtained by expanding the first directed edge r, and the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge r are template node j and template node k, then the two calibration nodes connected by the second directed edge t are obtained by expanding template node j and template node k, respectively.

[0090] Additionally, it should be noted that the direction of the second directed edge corresponds to the direction of the first directed edge. For example, if the second directed edge t is obtained by expanding the first directed edge r, and the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge r are template node j and template node k respectively, and the first directed edge r points from template node j to template node k, then the second directed edge t points from the calibration node obtained by expanding the template node j to the calibration node obtained by expanding the template node k.

[0091] In some embodiments, sub-step 334 includes at least one of the following steps: 1. If both template nodes connected by the first directed edge are single template nodes, then the first directed edge is expanded into N second directed edges. Each of the N second directed edges connects to two single calibration nodes corresponding to the same qubit in the N qubits.

[0092] The correspondence between two single calibration nodes and the same qubit among N qubits means that the calibration process represented by the two single calibration nodes targets the same qubit.

[0093] For example, if the first directed edge is Figure 4 In the given equation, ab can be expanded as follows: Figure 8 There are four second directed edges connecting A(q1) and B(q1), A(q2) and B(q2), A(q3) and B(q3), and A(q4) and B(q4). (Since A and B are both expanded into four calibration nodes, N=4 is known). Taking the second directed edge connecting A(q1) and B(q1) as an example, both A(q1) and B(q1) connected by this second directed edge are... Figure 5 The corresponding qubit q1 in the text.

[0094] 2. If the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge are a single template node and a coupled template node, then the first directed edge is expanded into M×Q second directed edges. Each of the M×Q second directed edges connects to a single calibration node and a coupled calibration node corresponding to the same qubit in the N qubits.

[0095] The correspondence between a single calibration node and a coupled calibration node and the same qubit among N qubits means that the calibration process represented by the two calibration nodes both involve that qubit.

[0096] For example, if the first directed edge is Figure 4 In the given ac (where the coupled template node C is for two qubits, Q=2), the first directed edge ac can be expanded as follows: Figure 8 There are eight second directed edges connecting A(q1) and C(c1_2), A(q1) and C(c1_3), A(q2) and C(c1_2), A(q2) and C(c2_4), A(q3) and C(c1_3), A(q3) and C(c3_4), A(q4) and C(c3_4), and A(q4) and C(c2_4). Since the coupling template node C is expanded into four calibration nodes, M=4. Taking the second directed edge connecting A(q1) and C(c1_2) as an example, both A(q1) and C(c1_2) connected by this second directed edge are... Figure 5 The corresponding qubit q1 in the text.

[0097] For example, if the first directed edge is Figure 4 In the given equation, bd (where the coupled template node D is for two qubits, Q=2), the first directed edge bd can be expanded as follows: Figure 8 There are eight second directed edges connecting B(q1) and D(c1_2), B(q1) and D(c1_3), B(q2) and D(c1_2), B(q2) and D(c2_4), B(q3) and D(c1_3), B(q3) and D(c3_4), B(q4) and D(c3_4), and B(q4) and D(c2_4). Since the coupling template node D is expanded into four calibration nodes, M=4. Taking the second directed edge connecting B(q1) and D(c1_2) as an example, both B(q1) and D(c1_2) connected by this second directed edge are... Figure 5 The corresponding qubit q1 in the text.

[0098] 3. If the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge are the first coupled template node and the second coupled template node respectively, then the first directed edge is expanded into P second directed edges.

[0099] The first coupling template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q1 qubits with coupling relationship, and the second coupling template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q2 qubits with coupling relationship, where Q2 is an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to Q1, and P is the sum of the number of second qubit groups included in each first qubit group (out of N qubits), where P is a positive integer. The first qubit group includes Q1 qubits with coupling relationship among the aforementioned N qubits, and the second qubit group includes Q2 qubits with coupling relationship among the aforementioned N qubits. Each of the P second directed edges connects to two coupling calibration nodes corresponding to the same second qubit group among the N qubits.

[0100] The correspondence between two coupled calibration nodes and the same second qubit group in N qubits means that the calibration process represented by the two coupled calibration nodes targets qubits that include qubits in that second qubit group.

[0101] For example, if the first directed edge is Figure 4 In the context of cd, the second coupling template node is Figure 4 In C, the first coupling template node is Figure 4 Since both the second coupled template node C and the first coupled template node D are for two qubits, Q1=Q2=2. Therefore, the first directed edge cd can be expanded as follows: Figure 8 There are four second directed edges connecting C(c1_2) and D(c1_2), C(c1_3) and D(c1_3), C(c3_4) and D(c3_4), and C(c2_4) and D(c2_4). (Since the first and second qubit groups are the same, P=M=4). Taking the second directed edge connecting C(c1_2) and D(c1_2) as an example, both C(c1_2) and D(c1_2) connected by this second directed edge are connected to the second qubit group c1_2 (i.e., ...). Figure 5 The qubits q1 and q2 in the text correspond to each other.

[0102] For example, please refer to Figure 9 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the generation process of a quantum bit calibration map provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 9In the calibration template 91 shown, the second coupling template node E is used to characterize a calibration process for two coupled qubits, i.e., Q2=2, and the first coupling template node F is used to characterize a calibration process for three coupled qubits, i.e., Q1=3. In the topology diagram 92, the quantum chip includes qubits q5, q6, q7, and q8, where q5 and q6 are coupled, q6 and q7 are coupled, q7 and q8 are coupled, q5, q6, and q7 are coupled, and q5, q7, and q8 are coupled. In the corresponding qubit calibration diagram 93, the first... The two coupling template nodes E are expanded into three coupling calibration nodes: E(c5_6), E(c6_7), and E(c7_8). E(c5_6) represents the calibration process represented by the second coupling template node E for qubits q5 and q6 (i.e., the second qubit group (c5_6)). E(c6_7) represents the calibration process represented by the second coupling template node E for qubits q6 and q7 (i.e., the second qubit group (c6_7)). E(c7_8) represents the calibration process represented by the second coupling template node E for qubits q7 and q8 (i.e., the second qubit group (c7_8)). The first coupled template node F is expanded into two coupled calibration nodes, F(c5_6_7) and F(c5_7_8). F(c5_6_7) represents the calibration process represented by the first coupled template node F for qubits q5, q6, and q7, and F(c5_7_8) represents the calibration process represented by the first coupled template node F for qubits q5, q7, and q8. The first directed edge ef can then be expanded as follows: Figure 9 There are three second directed edges connecting E(c5_6) and F(c5_6_7), E(c6_7) and F(c5_6_7), and E(c7_8) and F(c5_7_8), i.e., P=3. Specifically, E(c5_6) and F(c5_6_7) correspond to (c5_6), E(c6_7) and F(c5_6_7) correspond to (c6_7), and E(c7_8) and F(c5_7_8) correspond to E(c7_8).

[0103] In all the cases described above, the two calibration nodes connected by the second directed edge correspond to the same qubit or the same group of qubits in the quantum chip. Therefore, each second directed edge obtained by the above method can fully and accurately indicate the order of different calibration processes for each qubit or group of qubits in the quantum chip based on the coupling of each qubit in the quantum chip.

[0104] Sub-step 336: Based on the calibration nodes and the second directed edge, obtain the qubit calibration map of the quantum chip.

[0105] In some embodiments, based on structural data, each template node in the calibration template is expanded into at least one calibration node, and each first directed edge is expanded into at least one second directed edge, thereby obtaining the quantum bit calibration diagram of the quantum chip.

[0106] In the above embodiment, based on the calibration template, the template nodes and the first directed edge in the calibration template are expanded according to the structural data of the quantum chip, thereby expanding the calibration template into a qubit calibration diagram of the quantum chip. An inverted expansion method is adopted, using the relatively stable calibration template as the underlying structure instead of the topological structure of the quantum chip. This ensures the consistency of the calibration process represented by the template nodes in the calibration template when applied to the qubits in the quantum chip. Furthermore, it guarantees the stability of the underlying structure of the qubit calibration diagram, which does not change with the size and topology of the quantum chip, facilitating the instantaneous generation and optimization of the qubit calibration diagram.

[0107] In some embodiments, the quantum bit calibration map of the quantum chip is generated using the following code: message CalBatchSessionGraph { repeated CalBatchSessionNode nodes; repeated CalBatchSessionEdge edges; / / Generate a qubit calibration graph, which includes calibration nodes and a second directed edge. message CalBatchSessionNode { uint32 batch_node_id = 1; uint32 cal_session_id = 2; Functor functor = 3; ExecAssocQcompsGraph qcomps = 4; / / Define calibration nodes message CalBatchSessionEdge { uint32 cal_session_id = 1; uint32 batch_edge_id = 2; uint32 parent_node_id = 3; uint32 child_node_id = 4; / / Define the second directed edge Message Functor { / / arbitrary functor } message ExecAssocQcompsGraph { repeated uint32 qcomps_node = 1; repeated std::pair<uint32,uint32> qcomps_edge = 2; / / Expand each template node into at least one calibration node, and expand each first directed edge into at least one second directed edge. In some embodiments, after generating the qubit calibration map, the calibration process represented by each calibration node is executed in the execution order indicated by each second directed edge in the qubit calibration map.

[0108] For example, please refer to Figure 8 According to the execution order indicated by the second directed edge, the first to execute is the one indicated by the second directed edge. Figure 4 The calibration processes represented by calibration nodes A(q1), A(q2), A(q3), and A(q4), which are expanded from template node A in the template node, are then executed by... Figure 4 The calibration processes represented by calibration nodes B(q1), B(q2), B(q3), and B(q4) derived from template node B, and the calibration processes represented by these nodes, respectively. Figure 4 The calibration process is represented by calibration nodes C(c1_2), C(c1_3), C(c3_4), and C(c2_4), which are derived from template node C. Finally, the calibration process is executed by... Figure 4 The calibration process is represented by the calibration nodes D(c1_2), D(c1_3), D(c3_4) and D(c2_4) derived from the template node D.

[0109] In the above embodiment, the calibration process represented by each calibration node is executed according to the execution order indicated by the second directed edge obtained by expanding the first directed edge. This automates the calibration task for the quantum chip while ensuring the correctness of the execution order of each calibration process.

[0110] In some embodiments, in the qubit calibration diagram, the calibration processes represented by the J calibration nodes are executed in parallel. The J calibration nodes are obtained by expanding the same template node, and J is an integer greater than 1.

[0111] For example, please refer to Figure 8 ,Depend on Figure 4 The calibration processes represented by the calibration nodes A(q1), A(q2), A(q3), and A(q4), derived from the template node A, can be executed in parallel. Figure 4 The calibration processes represented by the calibration nodes C(c1_2), C(c1_3), C(c3_4), and C(c2_4) derived from the template node C can be executed in parallel. Furthermore, the calibration processes represented by these nodes can be executed in parallel. Figure 4 The calibration processes represented by the calibration nodes D(c1_2), D(c1_3), D(c3_4), and D(c2_4) derived from the template node D can be executed in parallel.

[0112] In the above embodiment, by setting J calibration nodes obtained by expanding the same template node to be executed in parallel, the efficiency of performing calibration tasks for N qubits in the quantum chip can be improved and the time required for the calibration task execution process can be reduced.

[0113] In some embodiments, the calibration processes represented by the K calibration nodes in the qubit calibration diagram are executed in parallel.

[0114] The K calibration nodes are obtained by expanding the same target template node, and the number of third directed edges between the K calibration nodes is greater than the first threshold.

[0115] For example, please refer to Figure 8 , in the Figure 4 Among the calibration nodes B(q1), B(q2), B(q3), and B(q4) derived from the target template node B, B(q1) is the highest priority calibration node. The number of the third directed edges separating B(q2) and B(q3) is 2. If the first threshold is 1, the calibration processes represented by B(q2) and B(q3) are executed in parallel. If the first threshold is greater than or equal to 2, the calibration processes represented by B(q2) and B(q3) cannot be executed in parallel.

[0116] The first threshold is set by technicians according to the parameters required for calibration of the target template node and the arrangement of various devices in the quantum chip (such as qubits and devices that couple qubits), and can be 1, 2, 3, etc. This application does not limit this.

[0117] As described in the above embodiments, the qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge have a direct physical correlation. Therefore, the number of third directed edges between the two calibration nodes can be used to characterize the distance between the qubits or qubit groups corresponding to the two calibration nodes in the quantum chip, or in other words, the degree of mutual influence in the quantum chip. Therefore, by setting a first threshold using the above method, the calibration nodes expanded from the target template node are executed in parallel with intervals, ensuring both the efficiency of the calibration task and taking into account the actual physical structure and arrangement of the quantum chip, thereby guaranteeing the effectiveness of the calibration task.

[0118] The following are embodiments of the apparatus described in this application, which can be used to execute the embodiments of the method described in this application. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this application, please refer to the embodiments of the method described in this application.

[0119] Please refer to Figure 10 This diagram illustrates a block diagram of a qubit calibration map generation apparatus according to an embodiment of this application. The apparatus has the function of implementing the above-described qubit calibration map generation method; this function can be implemented in hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The apparatus 1000 can be a computer device or can be installed within a computer device. The apparatus 1000 may include an acquisition module 1010 and a generation module 1020.

[0120] The acquisition module 1010 is used to acquire a calibration template, the calibration template including multiple template nodes and at least one first directed edge, the template nodes are used to characterize a calibration process for a qubit, and the first directed edge is used to indicate the execution order of the calibration processes characterized by the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge.

[0121] The acquisition module 1010 is also used to acquire structural data of the quantum chip, the structural data being used to indicate the N qubits included in the quantum chip and to indicate the coupling between the N qubits, where N is an integer greater than 1.

[0122] The generation module 1020 is used to generate a quantum bit calibration map of the quantum chip based on the calibration template and the structural data. The quantum bit calibration map is used to graphically represent the calibration task for the N quantum bits.

[0123] In some embodiments, the generation module 1020 includes: a node expansion submodule, an edge expansion submodule, and a generation submodule ( Figure 10 (Not shown in the image).

[0124] The node expansion submodule is used to expand the template node into at least one calibration node according to the structure data. The calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for at least one of the N qubits. The edge expansion submodule is used to expand the first directed edge into at least one second directed edge, wherein the second directed edge is used to indicate the execution order of the calibration process represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the second directed edge; A generation submodule is used to obtain the quantum bit calibration map of the quantum chip based on the calibration node and the second directed edge.

[0125] In some embodiments, the template node is a single template node or a coupled template node. The single template node is used to characterize a calibration process for a single qubit, and the coupled template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q qubits that are coupled. The calibration node is a single calibration node or a coupled calibration node. The single calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for one qubit among the N qubits, and the coupled calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q qubits that are coupled among the N qubits, where Q is an integer greater than 1.

[0126] The node expansion submodule is used to expand the single template node into N single calibration nodes according to the structural data when the template node is the single template node; and to expand the coupled template node into M coupled calibration nodes according to the structural data when the template node is the coupled template node, wherein M is the number of qubit groups contained in the N qubits, M is a positive integer, and the qubit group includes Q qubits that are coupled.

[0127] In some embodiments, the edge expansion submodule is configured to: if both template nodes connected by the first directed edge are single template nodes, expand the first directed edge into N second directed edges, each of the N second directed edges connecting to two single calibration nodes corresponding to the same qubit in the N qubits; if the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge are the single template node and the coupled template node, expand the first directed edge into M×Q second directed edges, each of the M×Q second directed edges connecting to a single calibration node and a coupled calibration node corresponding to the same qubit in the N qubits; if the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge are the first coupled template node and the second coupled template node, expand the first directed edge into... There are P second directed edges, where the first coupling template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q1 qubits with coupling relationship, and the second coupling template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q2 qubits with coupling relationship, where Q2 is an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to Q1. P is the sum of the number of second qubit groups contained in each first qubit group, and P is a positive integer. The first qubit group includes Q1 qubits with coupling relationship among the N qubits, and the second qubit group includes Q2 qubits with coupling relationship among the N qubits. Each of the P second directed edges connects to two coupling calibration nodes corresponding to the same second qubit group among the N qubits.

[0128] In some embodiments, the node expansion submodule is used to expand the target template node into multiple calibration nodes connected by a third directed edge according to the structural data if the template node is a target template node. The calibration process represented by the target template node is affected by the coupling relationship between the qubits when applied to different qubits. The third directed edge is used to indicate that the calibration processes represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge cannot be executed in parallel.

[0129] In some embodiments, the target template node is a single template node or a coupled template node. The single template node is used to characterize a calibration process for a single qubit, and the coupled template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q qubits that are coupled, where Q is an integer greater than 1. When the target template node is the single template node, the qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge are coupled. When the target template node is the coupled template node, the Q qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge contain the same qubit.

[0130] In some embodiments, the device 1000 further includes: an execution module ( Figure 10 (Not shown in the image).

[0131] The execution module is used to execute the calibration process represented by each of the calibration nodes in the execution order indicated by each of the second directed edges in the qubit calibration diagram.

[0132] In some embodiments, the calibration processes represented by the J calibration nodes are executed in parallel, wherein the J calibration nodes are obtained by expanding the same template node, and J is an integer greater than 1.

[0133] In some embodiments, the calibration processes represented by the K calibration nodes are executed in parallel; the K calibration nodes are obtained by expanding the same target template node, and the number of third directed edges between the K calibration nodes is greater than a first threshold; wherein, when the calibration process represented by the target template node is applied to different qubits, it is affected by the coupling relationship between the qubits, and the third directed edge is used to indicate that the calibration processes represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge cannot be executed in parallel.

[0134] It should be noted that the apparatus provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules when implementing its functions. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the apparatus and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0135] Please refer to Figure 11 The diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a computer device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0136] Typically, computer device 1100 includes a processor 1101 and a memory 1102.

[0137] Processor 1101 may include one or more processing cores, such as a quad-core processor, an octa-core processor, etc. Processor 1101 may be implemented using at least one hardware form selected from DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and PLA (Programmable Logic Array). Processor 1101 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor, also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), is used to process data in the wake-up state; the coprocessor is a low-power processor used to process data in the standby state. In some embodiments, processor 1101 may integrate a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the screen. In some embodiments, processor 1101 may also include an AI processor for handling computational operations related to machine learning.

[0138] The memory 1102 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be tangible and non-transitory. The memory 1102 may also include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices or flash memory devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage media in the memory 1102 stores a computer program that is loaded and executed by the processor 1101 to implement the method for generating the above-described quantum bit calibration map.

[0139] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 11 The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the computer device 1100 and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or use different component arrangements.

[0140] In some embodiments, a chip product is also provided, the chip product including programmable logic circuits and / or computer programs, which, when the chip product is run, are used to implement the above-described method for generating a quantum bit calibration map.

[0141] In some embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, wherein a computer program is stored therein, the computer program being loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-described method for generating a quantum bit calibration map.

[0142] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium may include: ROM (Read-Only Memory), RAM (Random-Access Memory), SSD (Solid State Drives), or optical disc, etc. The random access memory may include ReRAM (Resistance Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).

[0143] In some embodiments, a computer program product is also provided, the computer program product including a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor reading from the computer-readable storage medium and executing the computer program to implement the above-described method for generating a quantum bit calibration map.

[0144] It should be understood that "multiple" as used herein refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. Furthermore, the step numbers described herein are merely illustrative of one possible execution order. In some other embodiments, the steps may not be executed in numerical order, such as two steps with different numbers being executed simultaneously, or two steps with different numbers being executed in the reverse order of the illustration. This application does not limit this.

[0145] The above are merely exemplary embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for generating a quantum bit calibration map, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain a calibration template, which includes multiple template nodes and at least one first directed edge. The template nodes are used to characterize a calibration process for a qubit, and the first directed edge is used to indicate the execution order of the calibration processes represented by the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge. Obtain structural data of a quantum chip, wherein the structural data is used to indicate the N qubits included in the quantum chip and to indicate the coupling between the N qubits, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; Based on the calibration template and the structural data, a qubit calibration map of the quantum chip is generated, which is used to graphically represent the calibration task for the N qubits.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating the quantum bit calibration map of the quantum chip based on the calibration template and the structural data includes: Based on the structural data, the template node is expanded into at least one calibration node, which is used to characterize a calibration process for at least one of the N qubits; The first directed edge is expanded into at least one second directed edge, which is used to indicate the execution order of the calibration process represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the second directed edge. Based on the calibration node and the second directed edge, the quantum bit calibration diagram of the quantum chip is obtained.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The template node can be a single template node or a coupled template node. The single template node is used to characterize a calibration process for a single qubit, and the coupled template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q qubits that are coupled. The calibration node can be a single calibration node or a coupled calibration node. The single calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for one qubit in the N qubits, and the coupled calibration node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q qubits that are coupled in the N qubits, where Q is an integer greater than 1. Expanding the template node into at least one calibration node based on the structural data includes at least one of the following: When the template node is a single template node, the single template node is expanded into N single calibration nodes according to the structural data; When the template node is the coupling template node, the coupling template node is expanded into M coupling calibration nodes according to the structural data, where M is the number of qubit groups contained in the N qubits, M is a positive integer, and the qubit group includes Q qubits that are coupled.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Expanding the first directed edge into at least one second directed edge includes at least one of the following: If both template nodes connected by the first directed edge are single template nodes, then the first directed edge is expanded into N second directed edges, and each of the N second directed edges connects to two single calibration nodes corresponding to the same qubit in the N qubits. If the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge are the single template node and the coupled template node, then the first directed edge is expanded into M×Q second directed edges, and each of the M×Q second directed edges connects to the single calibration node and the coupled calibration node corresponding to the same qubit in the N qubits. If the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge are a first coupled template node and a second coupled template node, then the first directed edge is expanded into P second directed edges. The first coupled template node characterizes a calibration process for Q1 qubits with a coupling relationship, and the second coupled template node characterizes a calibration process for Q2 qubits with a coupling relationship. Q1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and Q2 is an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to Q1. P is the sum of the number of second qubit groups included in each first qubit group, and P is a positive integer. The first qubit group includes Q1 coupled qubits from the N qubits, and the second qubit group includes Q2 coupled qubits from the N qubits. Each of the P second directed edges connects to two coupled calibration nodes corresponding to the same second qubit group in the N qubits.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The step of expanding the template node into at least one calibration node based on the structural data includes: If the template node is a target template node, then according to the structural data, the target template node is expanded into multiple calibration nodes connected by a third directed edge. When the calibration process represented by the target template node is applied to different qubits, it is affected by the coupling relationship between the qubits. The third directed edge is used to indicate that the calibration processes represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge cannot be executed in parallel.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The target template node is a single template node or a coupled template node. The single template node is used to characterize a calibration process for a single qubit, and the coupled template node is used to characterize a calibration process for Q qubits that are coupled together, where Q is an integer greater than 1. When the target template node is the single template node, the qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge are coupled. When the target template node is the coupled template node, the Q qubits corresponding to the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge each contain the same qubit.

7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: According to the execution order indicated by each of the second directed edges in the quantum bit calibration diagram, the calibration process represented by each calibration node is executed.

8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, The calibration processes represented by the J calibration nodes are executed in parallel. The J calibration nodes are obtained by expanding the same template node, and J is an integer greater than 1.

9. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that, The calibration processes represented by the K calibration nodes are executed in parallel; The K calibration nodes are obtained by expanding the same target template node, and the number of third directed edges between the K calibration nodes is greater than the first threshold. The calibration process represented by the target template node is affected by the coupling relationship between qubits when it is applied to different qubits. The third directed edge is used to indicate that the calibration processes represented by the two calibration nodes connected by the third directed edge cannot be executed in parallel.

10. A device for generating a quantum bit calibration map, characterized in that, The device includes: An acquisition module is used to acquire a calibration template, the calibration template including multiple template nodes and at least one first directed edge, the template nodes being used to characterize a calibration process for a qubit, and the first directed edge being used to indicate the execution order of the calibration processes characterized by the two template nodes connected by the first directed edge; The acquisition module is further configured to acquire structural data of the quantum chip, the structural data being used to indicate the N qubits included in the quantum chip, and to indicate the coupling between the N qubits, where N is an integer greater than 1; A generation module is used to generate a qubit calibration map of the quantum chip based on the calibration template and the structural data. The qubit calibration map is used to graphically represent the calibration task for the N qubits.

11. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program that is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

12. A chip product, characterized in that, The chip product includes programmable logic circuits and / or computer programs, which, when the chip product is running, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

14. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which a processor reads from and executes to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images