Method and device for designing connection structure of multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract

The invention provides a connection structure design method and device for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a plurality of gas path connection structures of the multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell; for each gas path connection structure, constructing an operation parameter combination comprising an electric pile output current, a fuel utilization rate, an air excess ratio and a bypass valve opening degree; carrying out iterative solution on the operation parameter combinations respectively corresponding to the various gas path connection structures by adopting a particle swarm algorithm to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell corresponding to each gas path connection structure; and determining the gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum value in the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell of the plurality of gas path connection structures as a target gas path connection structure. According to the invention, the purpose of designing the optimal gas circuit connection structure of the multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and specifically to a method and apparatus for designing the connection structure of a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cells directly convert the chemical energy stored in hydrocarbon fuels into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, without combustion or mechanical movement. Therefore, they offer advantages such as high efficiency, low emissions, and low noise. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are medium-to-high temperature fuel cells operating at 600-100°C. They can achieve high reaction rates without expensive platinum and rhodium metal catalysts, and have a wide range of fuel sources, including natural gas, water gas, liquefied petroleum gas, diesel, and biomass gas. Compared to other types of fuel cells, all-solid-state SOFCs have unique advantages such as low manufacturing and maintenance costs, no electrode poisoning, no acid leakage or corrosion, and long service life.

[0003] To provide the power required by the load, SOFC units can be stacked in series to form an SOFC stack, but the number of units connected in series in a single stack must be limited to reduce the probability of failure. In other words, the power of an SOFC stack is generally limited to no more than 1kW to improve stability and reliability. However, traditional single-stack fuel cell systems may not be able to meet the growing demands of system applications due to their low durability and limited output power.

[0004] In most applications, the power required by the equipment is higher than the kilowatt level. Therefore, multiple SOFC stacks need to be integrated in series or parallel to form a multi-stack SOFC system to meet the power demand.

[0005] The performance and output characteristics of multi-stack SOFC systems are directly affected by different stack module topologies. The stack module topology, i.e., the gas path structure (gas connection structure) of the multi-stack SOFC system, determines the system's efficiency, lifespan, and reliability. Currently, there is a lack of suitable methods to determine the optimal gas path connection structure for multi-stack SOFC systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a connection structure design method and apparatus for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells, so as to achieve the purpose of designing the optimal gas path connection structure for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells.

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention provides a connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells, comprising: Obtain various gas path connection structures for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells; For each gas path connection structure, a combination of operating parameters including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio, and bypass valve opening is constructed; The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell for each gas path connection structure. The gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum output efficiency among various gas path connection structures of fuel cells is determined as the target gas path connection structure.

[0008] In one possible implementation, when using a particle swarm optimization algorithm to iteratively solve for the combinations of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures, each iteration includes: The combination of operating parameters corresponding to each gas path connection structure is used as the population in the particle swarm optimization algorithm. After the population parameters are initialized, the fitness of the population is determined, and the positions of the global optimum and the population optimum are updated based on the fitness. After updating the positions of the global optimum and the population optimum, the positions and velocities of particles in the population are updated, and crossover and mutation operations are performed on the particles to generate the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell in the current iteration.

[0009] In one possible implementation, updating the position and velocity of particles in the population includes: Update the position and velocity of particles in the population within the range of less than the preset maximum position threshold and less than the preset maximum velocity threshold.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the multiple gas path connection structures include parallel, series, and mixed series-parallel connection methods.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the first i The output current of the first fuel cell stack is based on the first... i The ratio of the hydrogen molar flow rate of each fuel cell stack to the hydrogen molar flow rate of the first fuel cell stack, along with the set output current of the first fuel cell stack, are used to determine this. i >1.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the fuel utilization rate is determined based on the hydrogen molar flow rate of the fuel, the number of cells connected in series in a single fuel cell stack, and the set first stack output current.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the air excess ratio is determined based on the molar flow rate of the incoming air, the molar fraction of oxygen in the air, the number of cells in a single stack, and the set first stack output current.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the bypass valve opening is determined based on the ratio of the molar flow rate of air in the bypass valve to that of the total air.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a connection structure design device for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells, comprising: The connection structure acquisition module is used to acquire various gas path connection structures of multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells; The parameter combination construction module is used to construct a combination of operating parameters, including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio and bypass valve opening, for each gas path connection structure. The iterative solution module is used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures using the particle swarm algorithm to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell for each gas path connection structure. The connection structure selection module is used to determine the gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell among various gas path connection structures, and to select the target gas path connection structure.

[0016] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein, The memory is used to store programs; The processor, coupled to the memory, is used to execute the program stored in the memory to implement the steps of the connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the above implementation method are as follows: The connection structure design method and apparatus for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells provided by this invention obtains the target gas path connection structure by iteratively solving the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The gas path structure directly affects the fuel distribution and temperature distribution of the fuel cell, playing a crucial role in the performance of multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells, i.e., influencing the thermoelectric performance of the fuel cell. Different gas path structures of multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells lead to different performance and output characteristics. By using combinations of operating parameters including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio, and bypass valve opening, the thermoelectric characteristics of the system under different input combinations can be explored. Ultimately, the gas path connection structure with the maximum output efficiency can be determined as the target gas path connection structure. The target gas path connection structure corresponds to the highest maximum output efficiency, i.e., the optimal thermoelectric performance. Therefore, the target gas path connection structure is also the optimal gas path connection structure, and the optimal values ​​corresponding to the combination of operating parameters can be determined. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A flowchart of an embodiment of the connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells provided by the present invention; Figure 2 The flowchart of the GA-PSO algorithm provided by this invention; Figure 3 Three gas path connection structure diagrams provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the connection structure design device for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0022] In this embodiment of the invention, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, apparatus, product or device that includes a series of steps or modules is not necessarily limited to those steps or modules that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product or device.

[0023] The naming or numbering of steps in the embodiments of the present invention does not mean that the steps in the method flow must be executed in the time / logical order indicated by the naming or numbering. The execution order of the named or numbered process steps can be changed according to the technical purpose to be achieved, as long as the same or similar technical effect can be achieved.

[0024] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0025] This invention provides a method and apparatus for designing the connection structure of a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell, which will be described below.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells. This method can be implemented by executing an application on a terminal or server. The terminal can be a computer, and the server can be an edge server or a cloud server.

[0027] Gas connection structure design methods include: S101. Obtain various gas path connection structures for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).

[0028] It is understandable that each fuel cell stack is formed by multiple SOFC units stacked in series. To study the impact of different gas path connection structures on system performance, it is necessary to build multi-stack models with different gas path connection structures. When considering the connection structure, because the gas path connection structure can affect the system's fuel path and is a major factor determining system performance, three different multi-stack SOFC systems are obtained based on the different gas path connection structures of multiple single stacks.

[0029] S102. For each gas path connection structure, construct a combination of operating parameters including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio and bypass valve opening.

[0030] Understandably, a comprehensive analysis of the system's input and output operating conditions is necessary, and under the constraints of these conditions, the system's input parameter combinations should be optimized to achieve its optimal state at the current output power.

[0031] The selected system input operating parameters are: fuel cell set output current. Fuel utilization rate Excess air ratio and bypass valve opening .

[0032] S103. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell corresponding to each gas path connection structure.

[0033] It is understandable that the core objective of the optimization algorithm provided by this invention is the output efficiency of multi-stack SOFC systems. F To reach the maximum, all optimization objective functions are as follows:

[0034] in, X This indicates the current combination of input operation parameters, i.e. X =( ).

[0035] S104. Determine the gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum value among the maximum output efficiency of fuel cells with various gas path connection structures, and take it as the target gas path connection structure.

[0036] Understandably, this invention has conducted in-depth research on the thermoelectric characteristics of multi-pile SOFC systems under different gas path structures and the influence of different gas path connection structures on the performance of multi-pile SOFC systems. It has also evaluated the system from the perspective of practical applications and provided selection strategies for the connection structures of multi-pile SOFC systems under different requirements.

[0037] This research not only provides profound insights into the design of SOFC multi-stack systems but also offers valuable methods for optimizing system performance and achieving optimal configuration. Through meticulous and comprehensive research, this invention provides a deeper understanding of battery system performance under different gas path structures, offering useful guidance for the future development and application of solid oxide fuel cell technology.

[0038] In some embodiments, when the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures, each iteration process includes: The combination of operating parameters corresponding to each gas path connection structure is used as the population in the particle swarm optimization algorithm. After the population parameters are initialized, the fitness of the population is determined, and the positions of the global optimum and the population optimum are updated based on the fitness. After updating the positions of the global optimum and the population optimum, the positions and velocities of particles in the population are updated, and crossover and mutation operations are performed on the particles to generate the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell in the current iteration.

[0039] It is understandable that the thermoelectric characteristics of multi-stack SOFCs are highly coupled, and their control requires optimization with the goal of maximizing efficiency while ensuring thermal safety constraints are met. The GA-PSO (Genetic-Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm is used to optimize the operating point, finding the optimal operating point for the corresponding power of the system. The GA-PSO algorithm flowchart is shown below. Figure 2 As shown: Initialize the population parameters and input the initial solution; Calculate fitness and update the positions of the global optimum and the population optimum; Update the position and velocity of particles, including handling out-of-bounds position and velocity; The optimal value is updated by performing crossover and mutation operations on particles to generate better new individuals; Determine if the iteration condition is met. If it is, stop the iteration and output the current optimal solution. If not, return to the step of updating the positions of the global optimum and the population optimum, and continue the iteration.

[0040] In some embodiments, updating the position and velocity of particles in the population includes: Update the position and velocity of particles in the population within the range of less than the preset maximum position threshold and less than the preset maximum velocity threshold.

[0041] It is understandable that updating the position and velocity of particles in the population within the range of less than the preset maximum position threshold and less than the preset maximum velocity threshold is a process of handling out-of-bounds position and velocity.

[0042] In some embodiments, the various gas path connection structures include parallel, series, and mixed series-parallel connection methods.

[0043] Understandably, considering a multi-stall system integrating four individual fuel cell stacks, and based on three structures—parallel, series, and hybrid series-parallel (hybrid)—three different gas path connection structures of the multi-stall SOFC system were built, such as... Figure 3 As shown. The advantage of combining four fuel cells compared to two fuel cells is that it allows for a hybrid configuration with better scalability. For example, in scenarios with more fuel cells, the thermoelectric characteristics of a system that is first connected in series and then in parallel can be referenced based on the thermoelectric performance of the four-fuel cell hybrid configuration.

[0044] In some embodiments, the first i The output current of the first fuel cell stack is based on the first... i The ratio of the hydrogen molar flow rate of each fuel cell stack to the hydrogen molar flow rate of the first fuel cell stack, along with the set output current of the first fuel cell stack, are used to determine this. i >1.

[0045] Understandably, the first fuel cell stack is the one connected in the direction of air and fuel input. The set output current of the fuel cell stack controls the reaction rate of the electrochemical reactions within it and directly affects the system's output power. In multi-stack systems, to prevent fuel shortages in subsequent stacks connected in series, [further measures are needed]. The output current is set for the first fuel cell stack. The current for subsequent fuel cell stacks is obtained by comparing the hydrogen flow rate into the stack with the hydrogen flow rate at the inlet of the first stack, as shown in the following formula:

[0046] in The output current set for the first fuel cell stack. For the first The output current of each fuel cell stack To enter the The molar flow rate of hydrogen in each fuel cell stack The molar flow rate of hydrogen entering the first fuel cell stack.

[0047] In some embodiments, the fuel utilization rate is determined based on the hydrogen molar flow rate of the fuel, the number of cells connected in series in a single fuel cell stack, and the set first stack output current.

[0048] Understandably, fuel utilization rate Defined as the ratio of the molar rate of hydrogen participating in the electrochemical reaction to the molar flow rate of hydrogen introduced into the fuel, the formula is as follows:

[0049] in, and These represent the molar rate of hydrogen participating in the electrochemical reaction and the molar flow rate of hydrogen introduced into the fuel, respectively. This refers to the number of solar cells connected in series in a single fuel cell stack. The current of the first fuel cell stack is set. is Faraday's constant.

[0050] In some embodiments, the air excess ratio is determined based on the molar flow rate of the introduced air, the molar fraction of oxygen in the air, the number of cells in a single stack, and a set first stack output current.

[0051] Understandably, the excess air ratio Defined as the ratio of the molar flow rate of oxygen introduced into the air to the molar rate of oxygen participating in the electrochemical reaction, the formula is as follows:

[0052] in, and These represent the molar rate of oxygen participating in the electrochemical reaction and the molar flow rate of oxygen introduced into the air, respectively. The molar velocity of the introduced air. This represents the mole fraction of oxygen in the air. This refers to the number of solar cells in a single fuel cell stack. The current of the first fuel cell stack is set. is Faraday's constant.

[0053] In some embodiments, the bypass valve opening is determined based on the ratio of the molar flow rate of air in the bypass valve to that of the total air.

[0054] Understandably, the bypass valve opening... Defined as the ratio of the molar velocity of air in the bypass valve to the total air flow rate, as shown in the following formula:

[0055] in, and These are the air molar velocity in the bypass valve and the total air molar velocity, respectively.

[0056] In summary, compared with the analysis of single-stack systems in existing technologies, this invention analyzes multi-stack systems and considers a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the thermoelectric characteristics of different multi-stack topologies, as well as the exploration of the relationship between structure, thermal safety characteristics, and system performance, which is more in line with practical application needs.

[0057] While ensuring versatility, this invention proposes three gas path structures for multi-stack SOFC systems from a practical application perspective: simple parallel and series connections, as well as a hybrid connection scheme. These three basic series-parallel combination structures have strong scalability and can cover applications requiring most scenarios.

[0058] When the operating temperature of the SOFC stack is abnormal or exceeds the specified limits, the failure rate of the SOFC stack will increase significantly due to inherent characteristics, such as performance issues caused by materials and sealing technology. This will reduce the overall stability of the stack module, leading to a rapid decline in the overall performance of the multi-stack system and a substantial reduction in its service life. This invention considers factors related to thermal safety, ensuring overall system stability and improving service life.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also provides a connection structure design device 400 for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells, comprising: The connection structure acquisition module 401 is used to acquire various gas path connection structures of multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells; The parameter combination construction module 402 is used to construct a combination of operating parameters, including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio and bypass valve opening, for each gas path connection structure. The iterative solution module 403 is used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures using the particle swarm algorithm to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell corresponding to each gas path connection structure. The connection structure selection module 404 is used to determine the gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum value among the maximum output efficiency of fuel cells of various gas path connection structures, and to select the target gas path connection structure.

[0060] The connection structure design device for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells provided in the above embodiments can realize the technical solutions described in the above embodiments of the connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells. The specific implementation principles of each module or unit can be found in the corresponding content in the above embodiments of the connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells, and will not be repeated here.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides an electronic device 500. The electronic device 500 includes a processor 501, a memory 502, and a display 503. Figure 5 Only some components of the electronic device 500 are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement all the components shown, and more or fewer components may be implemented instead.

[0062] In some embodiments, memory 502 may be an internal storage unit of electronic device 500, such as a hard disk or memory of electronic device 500. In other embodiments, memory 502 may also be an external storage device of electronic device 500, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc. equipped on electronic device 500.

[0063] Furthermore, the memory 502 may include both internal storage units of the electronic device 500 and external storage devices. The memory 502 is used to store application software and various types of data installed on the electronic device 500.

[0064] In some embodiments, processor 501 may be a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, or other data processing chip, used to run program code stored in memory 502 or process data, such as the connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells in this invention.

[0065] In some embodiments, display 503 may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen. Display 503 is used to display information from electronic device 500 and to display a visual user interface. Components 501-503 of electronic device 500 communicate with each other via a system bus.

[0066] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the processor 501 executes the connection structure design program for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell in the memory 502, the following steps can be implemented: Obtain various gas path connection structures for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells; For each gas path connection structure, a combination of operating parameters including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio, and bypass valve opening is constructed; The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell for each gas path connection structure. The gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum output efficiency among various gas path connection structures of fuel cells is determined as the target gas path connection structure.

[0067] It should be understood that when the processor 501 executes the connection structure design program for the multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell in the memory 502, in addition to the functions mentioned above, it can also perform other functions, as detailed in the description of the corresponding method embodiments above.

[0068] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit the type of electronic device 500 mentioned. Electronic device 500 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wearable device, laptop computer, or other portable electronic device. Exemplary embodiments of portable electronic devices include, but are not limited to, portable electronic devices running iOS, Android, Microsoft, or other operating systems. The aforementioned portable electronic device can also be other portable electronic devices, such as a laptop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch panel). It should also be understood that in some other embodiments of the present invention, electronic device 500 may not be a portable electronic device, but rather a desktop computer with a touch-sensitive surface (e.g., a touch panel).

[0069] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a connection structure design method for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell provided by the methods described above, the method comprising: Obtain various gas path connection structures for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells; For each gas path connection structure, a combination of operating parameters including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio, and bypass valve opening is constructed; The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell for each gas path connection structure. The gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum output efficiency among various gas path connection structures of fuel cells is determined as the target gas path connection structure.

[0070] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes of the methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be a disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.

[0071] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of the connection structure design method and apparatus for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing the connection structure of a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, include: Obtain various gas path connection structures for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells; For each gas path connection structure, a combination of operating parameters including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio, and bypass valve opening is constructed; The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell for each gas path connection structure. The gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum output efficiency among various gas path connection structures of fuel cells is determined as the target gas path connection structure.

2. The connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, When using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to iteratively solve for the operating parameter combinations corresponding to various gas path connection structures, each iteration process includes: The combination of operating parameters corresponding to each gas path connection structure is used as the population in the particle swarm optimization algorithm. After the population parameters are initialized, the fitness of the population is determined, and the positions of the global optimum and the population optimum are updated based on the fitness. After updating the positions of the global optimum and the population optimum, the positions and velocities of particles in the population are updated, and crossover and mutation operations are performed on the particles to generate the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell in the current iteration.

3. The connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, Update the position and velocity of particles in the population, including: Update the position and velocity of particles in the population within the range of less than the preset maximum position threshold and less than the preset maximum velocity threshold.

4. The connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The various gas path connection structures include parallel, series, and mixed series-parallel connection methods.

5. The connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, No. i The output current of the first fuel cell stack is based on the first... i The ratio of the hydrogen molar flow rate of each fuel cell stack to the hydrogen molar flow rate of the first fuel cell stack, along with the set output current of the first fuel cell stack, are used to determine this. i >1.

6. The connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel utilization rate is determined based on the hydrogen molar flow rate of the fuel, the number of cells connected in series in a single fuel cell stack, and the set output current of the first fuel cell stack.

7. The connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air excess ratio is determined based on the molar flow rate of the introduced air, the molar fraction of oxygen in the air, the number of cells in a single stack, and the set output current of the first stack.

8. The connection structure design method for multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The bypass valve opening is determined based on the ratio of the molar flow rate of air in the bypass valve to that of the total air.

9. A connection structure design device for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The connection structure acquisition module is used to acquire various gas path connection structures of multi-stack solid oxide fuel cells; The parameter combination construction module is used to construct a combination of operating parameters, including stack output current, fuel utilization rate, air excess ratio and bypass valve opening, for each gas path connection structure. The iterative solution module is used to iteratively solve the combination of operating parameters corresponding to various gas path connection structures using the particle swarm algorithm to obtain the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell for each gas path connection structure. The connection structure selection module is used to determine the gas path connection structure corresponding to the maximum output efficiency of the fuel cell among various gas path connection structures, and to select the target gas path connection structure.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including memory and processor, among which, The memory is used to store programs; The processor, coupled to the memory, is used to execute the program stored in the memory to implement the steps of the connection structure design method for a multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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