Adaptive sparsity preserving pulse shaping for imitating radio frequency division multiplexing signals in networks

Abstract

The disclosure relates to awareness and / or communication in a network. The present disclosure proposes a wireless transmitter, a wireless receiver, a wireless sensing device, a network device, a network and corresponding methods for operating the devices. The wireless transmitter is configured to: obtain one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; the present invention relates to a method for generating an analog radio frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) signal, the analog radio frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) signal comprising a set of orthogonal chirp carriers in a discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) domain, the method comprising the steps of: generating an analog radio frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) signal comprising a set of orthogonal chirp carriers in a discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) domain, and generating an analog radio frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) signal comprising a set of orthogonal chirp carriers in a discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) domain, the set of orthogonal chirp carriers in the discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) domain; and a wireless transmitter configured to transmit the AFDM signal, the wireless transmitter further configured to: generate the set of chirp carriers based on inverse discrete affine Fourier transform (IDAFT), and transmit the set of chirp carriers based on inverse discrete affine Fourier transform (IDAFT), and to transmit the set of chirp carriers based on inverse discrete affine Fourier transform (IDAFT). A pulse shape associated with at least one chirp carrier in the set of chirp carriers is generated based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to sensing and / or communication in a network. The disclosure provides a wireless transmitter, a wireless receiver, a sensing device, a network device, a network, and corresponding methods for operating said devices. The wireless transmitter is used to transmit novel types of signals for sensing and / or communication within the network. Background Technology

[0002] Typically, channel estimation is based on pilot signals, which are signals known to the receiving devices and inserted into the transmitted signal, allowing these devices to estimate the impact of the propagation channel on the transmitted signal. In Long Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) systems, downlink pilots include a downlink demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), while uplink pilots include an uplink DMRS and a sounding reference signal (SRS).

[0003] Orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) and affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) can provide new multilinear frequency modulation waveforms for wireless communication. OCDM is generated using the discrete Fresnel transform (DFnT), while AFDM is based on the discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT), which is a waveform generated by a set of parameters. The linear transformation represented by DFnT is a special case. AFDM "based on DAFT" can refer to the transmitter using the inverse discrete affine Fourier transform (IDAFT) to transform the symbols at the input. Mapped to its output Parameterized discrete-time linear frequency modulated pulse.

[0004] When using symbols During feeding, Temporal samples at the output of point IDAFT is given by

[0005] .

[0006] This is similar to the way OFDM is based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in that an OFDM transmitter uses the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) to map the symbols at its input to the frequency subcarriers at its output.

[0007] For a certain , the change of the -th channel tap of a linear time-varying (LTV) channel with delay over time ( ) can be modeled as , whose value is related to the maximum Doppler shift of the LTV channel and the time duration of channel samples in seconds. In the presence of the so-called fractional-Doppler effect, a large value can be needed to accurately model the channel. In fact, when the -th channel tap is affected by a Doppler shift value in Hz that has a non-zero fractional part when normalized with the frequency resolution , i.e., where , the effective Doppler spread in the sample is quite large.

[0008] Figure 5 Figures illustrating received frequency-domain samples related to one subcarrier in the presence of the fractional-Doppler effect. Specifically, Figure 5 Figures illustrating exemplary frequency-domain samples that are received when a 512-point OFDM signal with one non-zero subcarrier is transmitted over a one-path channel with a Doppler shift equal to 2.3 in normalized frequency.

[0009] In the presence of the fractional-Doppler effect, detection performance can degrade, leading to a loss of sparsity in the frequency (OFDM), Zak (OTFS), and affine frequency (AFDM) domains. Iterative detection algorithms, such as message passing, can even diverge. SUMMARY

[0010] In view of the above, it is an object of the present disclosure to efficiently tune the pulse shape to achieve an optimal trade-off level between the sparsity of the effective channel matrix (e.g. suppression of fractional Doppler effects) and the frequency or affine frequency resolution (e.g. width of the main lobe of the Fourier transform (FT) or affine Fourier transform (AFT) of the pulse shape).

[0011] These and other objects are achieved by the present disclosure as set forth in the appended independent claims. Advantageous implementations are further defined in the dependent claims.

[0012] The present disclosure is based on the following considerations.

[0013] AFDM can achieve full diversity of linear time-varying (LTV) channels with low pilot overhead.

[0014] One of the main advantages of the general multi-linear chirp signal and in particular of the AFDM signal is the channel estimation performance that can be achieved based on the linear chirp pilots. Since the multi-linear chirp AFDM signal is based on DAFT, each linear chirp pilot of the AFDM signal is equivalent to one DAFT domain symbol. When appending a sufficient number of zero guard samples, only one DAFT domain symbol needs to be used as pilot to produce a complete delay-Doppler representation of the wireless channel, i.e. the possibility to identify all delay and Doppler components associated with the propagation medium. This is obviously relevant for sensing and radar applications since the delay-Doppler representation of the wireless channel associated with the round-trip propagation from the wireless transmitter to its nearby targets and back to the transmitter translates into range-velocity information about these targets.

[0015] Another drawback of the fractional Doppler effect is the need for more guard overhead to mitigate pilot-to-pilot, user-to-user or data-to-pilot interference in OFDM, OTFS and AFDM.

[0016] Pulse shaping can be used to counteract the impact of the degraded detection performance in the presence of fractional Doppler effects. However, the results using classical pulse shapes such as Dolph-Chebyshev windows show only limited improvements.

[0017] Due to the so-called uncertainty principle, pulse shapes of length ( the multi-carrier symbol length) in the time domain have a bandwidth of ( The frequency domain within the bandwidth of a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) can have good concentration. For example, frequency domain relaxation based on Hermite pulses and Doherty- Chebyshev pulses can be used to avoid inter-symbol interference due to multi-carrier symbol overlap by constraining the pulse length to be equal to seconds while relaxing its bandwidth to Hz (where ). However, the approach can also widen not only the bandwidth of the pulse but also its main lobe in the spectral representation. The latter widening translates into a loss of frequency or affine frequency domain resolution, e.g., for perception and channel estimation applications.

[0018] When performing pulse shaping, one should avoid increasing the length of the OFDM symbol and introducing overlap in the time domain leading to inter-symbol interference. Moreover, the adaptive capability limited to only one tunable parameter can not be preferred.

[0019] A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a wireless transmitter, wherein the wireless transmitter is configured to: obtain one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; generate an AFDM signal, the AFDM signal comprising a set of orthogonal chirp carriers in a DAFT domain; transmit the AFDM signal, wherein the transmitter is further configured to: generate the set of chirp carriers based on the IDAFT; generate a pulse shape associated with at least one chirp carrier in the set of chirp carriers based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0020] Therefore, due to having two related tunable parameters in each pair of pulse shaping parameters, e.g. and flexibility in different aspects of the fundamental trade-off involved in implementing waveform design can be improved. For example, the present disclosure can flexibly set the level of the resolution-sparcity trade-off. Traditional pulse shapes, e.g., Doherty-Chebyshev and raised cosine, can be based on only one tunable parameter.

[0021] Different pulse shape parameters can be used or used for different applications under different conditions. For example, one pulse shape setting with very low out-of-band level (but larger protection overhead) can be used for data transmission using high order modulation (more sensitive to inter-carrier interference) or very high Doppler scenarios (with severe loss in terms of effective channel sparsity). Another pulse shape setting with higher out-of-band level (but smaller protection overhead) can be used for data transmission using low order modulation (more robust in presence of inter-carrier interference) or moderate Doppler scenarios.

[0022] For example, an AFDM signal can be an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. The pulse shape can be associated with at least one frequency subcarrier.

[0023] AFDM signals can be based on point -DAFT, where, and These are, for example, system parameters that can be set and broadcast by network devices so that transmitters can obtain their values. For example, if Then the AFDM signal is an OFDM signal.

[0024] The linear frequency modulated carrier set can be generated based on IDAFT with a size equal to the length of a sample of the linear frequency modulated carrier set (e.g., the entire linear frequency modulated carrier set), wherein the pulse shape can have the length stated.

[0025] Before being modified to have a pulse shape, at least one linear frequency modulated carrier may be associated with and / or have an initial pulse shape.

[0026] For example, the initial pulse shape can be a rectangular pulse shape.

[0027] The pulse shape can be determined based on the orthogonal projection of the rectangular pulse shape onto the span of the adaptively selected set of discrete prolate spheroidal sequences (DPSS).

[0028] Each pair of pulse shaping parameters can be associated with a subset of frequency-modulated carriers in the set of linear frequency-modulated carriers. The one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters can be two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0029] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is configured to: for each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, generate a pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the subset of linear frequency modulated carriers, based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters.

[0030] In one implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is configured to: generate the pulse shape based on an initial pulse shape and a sequence set, wherein the sequence set is determined based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0031] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is used to: generate the pulse shape based on at least one lookup table and the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0032] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is configured to: for each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, generate a pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the subset of linear frequency modulated carriers, based on at least one lookup table and the pair of pulse shaping parameters.

[0033] In another implementation of the first aspect, the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters are two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, each pair of pulse shaping parameters being associated with a subset of linear frequency modulated carriers in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers, wherein, for each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, a pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the subset of linear frequency modulated carriers is generated based on a corresponding initial pulse shape and a corresponding sequence set, wherein the corresponding sequence set is determined based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters.

[0034] A subset of linear frequency modulated carriers can be a different subset of the set of linear frequency modulated carriers.

[0035] For example, each pair of pulse shaping parameters may be associated with only a subset of the linear frequency modulated carriers in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers.

[0036] Different pulse shape parameters for different subcarriers or linear frequency modulated (LFM) carriers can be used to adapt to different requirements. For example, a pulse shape setting with a very low out-of-band level (but a wide (affine) frequency domain main beam) can be used for data subcarriers (LFM carriers) or for pilots intended for effective channel estimation. Another setting with a narrower (affine) frequency domain main beam (but a higher out-of-band level) can be used for pilot subcarriers (LFM carriers) used for sensing or super-resolution channel estimation.

[0037] The pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the linear frequency modulated carrier subset can be referred to as the corresponding pulse shape.

[0038] Each subset of the linear frequency modulated (LFM) carrier set can be generated based on an IDAFT of size (e.g., denoted as N_DAFT) equal to the length of the LFM samples of the LFM carrier subset, wherein the pulse shape associated with each LFM carrier in the LFM carrier subset can have said length. The IDAFT can have the same size for each subset of the LFM carrier set.

[0039] Before being modified to have a pulse shape associated with a subset of linear frequency modulated carriers, each subset of linear frequency modulated carriers may be associated with and / or have a corresponding initial pulse shape.

[0040] The corresponding pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the linear frequency modulated carrier subset can be generated by orthogonally projecting the corresponding initial pulse shape onto the generation space of the corresponding basis, which includes the corresponding set of sequences.

[0041] In another implementation of the first aspect, the pulse shape is generated by orthogonally projecting the initial pulse shape onto a generation space that includes the basis of the sequence set.

[0042] In another implementation of the first aspect, each pair of pulse shaping parameters in the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters includes a leakage level parameter (e.g., denoted as...). ) and bandwidth relaxation parameters (e.g., expressed as ).

[0043] In another implementation of the first aspect, the bandwidth relaxation parameter indicates the frequency band of the corresponding pulse, wherein the leakage level parameter is the maximum portion of the total power of the corresponding pulse outside the frequency band of the corresponding pulse.

[0044] In another implementation of the first aspect, a performance trade-off parameter indicating the requirements for the AFDM signal is obtained; based on the performance trade-off parameter, at least one pair of pulse shaping parameters among the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters is adjusted.

[0045] For example, a requirement could be that a certain (e.g., tolerable) overhead value and / or transmission reliability of the signal must be achieved. Pulse shaping can be adjusted based on these requirements.

[0046] Performance trade-off parameters can be obtained from the wireless receiver, network equipment, and / or can be predetermined.

[0047] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is configured to calculate an orthogonal projection of an orthogonal projection pulse shape based on the pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; and / or the wireless transmitter is configured to determine the orthogonal projection of the orthogonal projection pulse shape using a lookup table among a plurality of lookup tables, each lookup table being associated with one of a plurality of pulse shape length values, wherein the lookup table maps the pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters to the pulse shape, such as one or more corresponding pulse shapes.

[0048] For example, orthogonal projections of some corresponding pulse shapes can be calculated by the transmitter (e.g., the transmitter's processor) based on one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters. Multiple lookup tables can be used to determine orthogonal projections of other corresponding pulse shapes. Therefore, orthogonal projections that are likely to be used more frequently can be stored in the transmitter using multiple lookup tables, and orthogonal projections that are likely to be used less frequently can be calculated at the transmitter.

[0049] The pulse shape sample can be calculated offline based on a pulse shape length value associated with a lookup table and one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (e.g., using the orthogonal projection method described above).

[0050] The pulse shape length value can be obtained, for example, from a receiver, network device, and / or can be predetermined.

[0051] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is used to acquire a pair of DAFT parameters for parameterizing the linear frequency modulated carrier set, wherein the AFDM signal is also generated based on the pair of DAFT parameters.

[0052] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is configured to: acquire an input symbol set and map the input symbol set to the linear frequency modulated carrier set by applying the IDAFT.

[0053] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is configured to: generate one or more intermediate AFDM signals by applying the IDAFT, wherein the one or more intermediate AFDM signals include the linear frequency modulated carrier set, and the wireless transmitter is further configured to: perform a cyclic-prefix (CP) insertion operation on the one or more intermediate AFDM signals to generate one or more additional AFDM signals; generate the AFDM signal based on the one or more additional AFDM signals by performing pulse shaping based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, or the wireless transmitter is further configured to: perform pulse shaping on the one or more intermediate AFDM signals based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters to generate one or more additional AFDM signals; generate the AFDM signal based on the one or more additional AFDM signals by performing a zero-filling insertion operation.

[0054] In another implementation of the first aspect, each subset of linear frequency modulated (LFM) carriers in the set of LFM carriers is included in a corresponding intermediate AFDM signal among the one or more intermediate AFDM signals, wherein, for each subset of LFM carriers in the set of LFM carriers (103), the wireless transmitter is configured to: perform a CP insertion operation on the corresponding intermediate AFDM signal to generate a corresponding additional AFDM signal among the one or more additional AFDM signals; and multiply one or more samples of the corresponding additional AFDM signal by one or more samples of the pulse shape based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters associated with the subset of LFM carriers, thereby generating a corresponding additional AFDM signal. Perform pulse shaping to generate a pulse-shaped intermediate AFDM signal, or wherein, for each subset of linear frequency modulated carriers in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers, the wireless transmitter is configured to: perform pulse shaping by multiplying one or more samples of the corresponding intermediate AFDM signal with one or more samples of the pulse shape pointwise based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters associated with the subset of linear frequency modulated carriers to generate a corresponding additional AFDM signal among the one or more additional AFDM signals; generate a pulse-shaped intermediate AFDM signal based on the corresponding additional AFDM signal by performing a zero-padding insertion operation, and the wireless transmitter is further configured to combine the pulse-shaped intermediate AFDM signals to generate the AFDM signal.

[0055] In another implementation of the first aspect, the set of linear frequency modulated carriers includes at least one of the following: one or more linear frequency modulated carriers as pilot signals for sensing or channel estimation; one or more linear frequency modulated carriers for data transmission; one or more zeroed linear frequency modulated carriers; wherein the set of linear frequency modulated carriers includes at least one linear frequency modulated carrier for data transmission, or at least one linear frequency modulated carrier as a pilot signal for sensing or channel estimation.

[0056] In another implementation of the first aspect, the one or more zeroed carriers form a guard interval for the one or more linear frequency modulated carriers in the DAFT domain, the one or more linear frequency modulated carriers being pilot signals for sensing or channel estimation, and the number of the one or more zeroed linear frequency modulated carriers is determined based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0057] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is used to provide the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters to a wireless receiver and / or network device.

[0058] In another implementation of the first aspect, the wireless transmitter is used to receive the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters from a wireless receiver and / or a network device.

[0059] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a wireless receiver, wherein the wireless receiver is configured to: receive an AFDM signal, the AFDM signal comprising a set of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in a DAFT domain; acquire one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; determine a pulse shape associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; and generate an output signal based on the AFDM signal by using the pulse shape and applying DAFT.

[0060] The set of linear frequency modulated carriers can be generated based on IDAFT. The set of linear frequency modulated carriers can be associated with one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0061] The AFDM signal can be an OFDM signal.

[0062] The one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters can be two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, each pair of pulse shaping parameters being associated with a subset of the linear frequency modulated carriers of the linear frequency modulated carrier set.

[0063] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is configured to: for each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, determine, based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters, the pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the subset of linear frequency modulated carriers.

[0064] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is configured to: determine the pulse shape based on an initial pulse shape and a set of sequences, wherein the set of sequences is determined based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0065] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is used to: determine the pulse shape based on at least one lookup table and the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0066] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is configured to: for each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, determine, based on at least one lookup table and the pair of pulse shaping parameters, the pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the subset of linear frequency modulated carriers.

[0067] The corresponding pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the linear frequency modulated carrier subset can be determined by orthogonally projecting the corresponding initial pulse shape onto the generator space of the corresponding basis, which includes the corresponding set of sequences.

[0068] In one implementation of the second aspect, the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters are two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, each pair of pulse shaping parameters being associated with a subset of linear frequency modulated (LFM) carriers in the set of LFM carriers. For each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, the wireless receiver is configured to: determine a pulse shape associated with each LFM carrier in the subset of LFM carriers based on a corresponding initial pulse shape and a corresponding sequence set, wherein the corresponding sequence set is determined based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters; generate a corresponding additionally modified signal based on the pulse shape and the AFDM signal; wherein the wireless receiver is further configured to: generate the output signal based on the corresponding additionally modified signal of each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters by applying the DAFT.

[0069] A subset of linear frequency modulated carriers can be a different subset of the set of linear frequency modulated carriers.

[0070] For example, each pair of pulse shaping parameters may be associated with only a subset of the linear frequency modulated carriers in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers.

[0071] In another implementation of the second aspect, the pulse shape is determined by orthogonally projecting the initial pulse shape onto a generation space that includes the basis of the sequence set.

[0072] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is configured to calculate the orthogonal projection of the orthogonal projection pulse shaping based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; and / or the wireless receiver is configured to determine the orthogonal projection of the orthogonal projection pulse shaping using a lookup table among a plurality of lookup tables, each lookup table being associated with one of a plurality of pulse shape length values, wherein the lookup table maps the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters to the pulse shape, such as one or more corresponding pulse shapes.

[0073] For example, orthogonal projections of some corresponding pulse shapes can be calculated by the receiver (e.g., the receiver's processor) based on one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters. Multiple lookup tables can be used to determine orthogonal projections of other corresponding pulse shapes. Therefore, orthogonal projections that are likely to be used more frequently can be stored in the receiver using multiple lookup tables, and orthogonal projections that are likely to be used less frequently can be calculated at the receiver.

[0074] The pulse shape sample can be calculated offline based on a pulse shape length value associated with a lookup table and one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (e.g., using the orthogonal projection method described above).

[0075] The pulse shape length value can be obtained, for example, from a transmitter, network device, and / or can be predetermined.

[0076] In another implementation of the second aspect, a cyclic-prefix (CP) drop operation is performed on the AFDM signal to generate one or more modified AFDM signals, or a zero-padding operation is performed on the AFDM signal to generate one or more modified AFDM signals; wherein the wireless receiver is used to generate the output signal based on the one or more modified AFDM signals by using the pulse shape and applying the DAFT, for example, the magnitude of the output signal is equal to the number of samples of the output of the CP drop operation or the output of the zero-padding operation.

[0077] In another implementation of the second aspect, the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters are two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters, each pair of pulse shaping parameters being associated with a subset of linear frequency modulated (LFM) carriers in the set of LFM carriers, wherein, for each subset of LFM carriers in the set of LFM carriers, the wireless receiver is configured to: perform a CP drop operation on the AFDM signal to generate a corresponding modified AFDM signal among the one or more modified AFDM signals, or perform a zero-padding operation on the AFDM signal to generate a corresponding modified AFDM signal among the one or more modified AFDM signals; modify the corresponding modified AFDM signal based on the pulse shape associated with the subset of LFM carriers to generate a corresponding additional modified AFDM signal, wherein the wireless receiver is further configured to: generate the output signal based on the corresponding additional modified signal of each subset of LFM carriers in the set of LFM carriers by applying the DAFT.

[0078] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is configured to: modify the one or more modified AFDM signals or the AFDM signal by multiplying one or more samples of at least one modified AFDM signal or at least a portion of the AFDM signal with one or more samples of the pulse shape pointwise, to generate one or more additionally modified AFDM signals; and generate the output signal based on the one or more additionally modified AFDM signals by applying the DAFT.

[0079] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is configured to: modify the one or more modified AFDM signals or the AFDM signals to generate one or more additionally modified AFDM signals by: for each subset of linear frequency modulated carriers in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers, multiplying one or more samples of the corresponding modified AFDM signal or at least a portion of the AFDM signal pointwise with one or more samples of the pulse shape associated with the subset of linear frequency modulated carriers, and applying the DAFT to generate the output signal based on the one or more additionally modified AFDM signals.

[0080] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is used to receive the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters from a wireless transmitter and / or network device.

[0081] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is used to provide the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters to the wireless transmitter and / or network device.

[0082] In another implementation of the second aspect, the AFDM signal is received through at least one channel, and the wireless receiver is further configured to generate channel estimation information for the at least one channel based on the output signal.

[0083] In another implementation of the second aspect, the receiver is further configured to generate, based on the channel estimation information, a range and / or relative velocity estimate of one or more targets in the environment surrounding the receiver using the at least one channel.

[0084] In another implementation of the second aspect, each of the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters includes a leakage level parameter and a bandwidth relaxation parameter.

[0085] In another implementation of the second aspect, the bandwidth relaxation parameter indicates the frequency band of the corresponding pulse, wherein the leakage level parameter is the maximum portion of the total power of the corresponding pulse outside the frequency band of the corresponding pulse.

[0086] In another implementation of the second aspect, the set of linear frequency modulated carriers includes at least one of the following: one or more linear frequency modulated carriers as pilot signals for sensing or channel estimation; one or more linear frequency modulated carriers for data transmission; one or more zeroed linear frequency modulated carriers; wherein the set of linear frequency modulated carriers includes at least one linear frequency modulated carrier for data transmission, or at least one linear frequency modulated carrier as a pilot signal for sensing or channel estimation.

[0087] In another implementation of the second aspect, the one or more zeroed carriers form a guard interval for the one or more linear frequency modulated carriers in the DAFT domain, the one or more linear frequency modulated carriers being pilot signals for sensing or channel estimation, and the number of the one or more zeroed linear frequency modulated carriers is determined based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0088] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is used to acquire a pair of DAFT parameters for parameterizing the linear frequency modulated carrier set, wherein the output signal is also generated based on the pair of DAFT parameters.

[0089] In another implementation of the second aspect, the wireless receiver is configured to: acquire performance trade-off parameters indicating the requirements for the AFDM signal; and adjust at least one pair of pulse shaping parameters among the pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters based on the performance trade-off parameters.

[0090] For example, a requirement could be that a certain (e.g., tolerable) overhead value and / or transmission reliability of the signal must be achieved. Pulse shaping can be adjusted based on these requirements.

[0091] Performance trade-off parameters can be obtained from the wireless receiver, network equipment, and / or can be predetermined.

[0092] A third aspect of this disclosure provides a network device for coordinating a network of two or more wireless sensing devices, wherein the network device is configured to: determine one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; and transmit the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters to the two or more wireless sensing devices, wherein the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters indicate one or more pulse shapes associated with one or more AFDM signals for transmission between the two or more wireless sensing devices or between the two or more wireless sensing devices and the network device.

[0093] Each sensing device can be an integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) device.

[0094] In another implementation of the first, second, or third aspect, the AFDM signal is an OFDM signal generated using IDFT, and the pulse shape is associated with at least one frequency subcarrier.

[0095] AFDM signals can be based on point -DAFT, where, and These are, for example, system parameters that can be set and broadcast by network devices so that transmitters, receivers, and / or network devices can obtain their values. For example, if Then the AFDM signal is an OFDM signal.

[0096] A fourth aspect of this disclosure provides a wireless sensing device including a wireless transmitter according to the first aspect or any implementation thereof and a wireless receiver according to the second aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0097] The sensing device may be an ISAC device.

[0098] In one implementation of the fourth aspect, the wireless sensing device is further configured to generate, based on the channel estimation information, a range and / or relative velocity estimate of one or more targets in the environment surrounding the wireless sensing device using at least one channel.

[0099] A fifth aspect of this disclosure provides a network comprising two or more wireless sensing devices according to the fourth aspect or any implementation thereof, and a network device according to the third aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0100] A sixth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for operating a wireless transmitter, wherein the method includes: acquiring one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; generating an AFDM signal, the AFDM signal including a set of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in the DAFT domain; and transmitting the AFDM signal, wherein the method further includes: generating the set of linear frequency modulated carriers based on IDAFT; and generating a pulse shape associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters.

[0101] The method of the sixth aspect can have an implementation method corresponding to the wireless transmitter implementation method of the first aspect. The method of the sixth aspect and its implementation method achieves the advantages and effects described above for the wireless transmitter of the first aspect and its corresponding implementation method.

[0102] A seventh aspect of this disclosure provides a method for operating a wireless receiver, wherein the method includes: receiving an AFDM signal, the AFDM signal comprising a set of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in a DAFT domain; acquiring one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; determining a pulse shape associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; and generating an output signal based on the AFDM signal by using the pulse shape and applying DAFT.

[0103] The method of the seventh aspect can have an implementation method corresponding to the wireless receiver implementation of the second aspect. The method of the seventh aspect and its implementation achieves the advantages and effects described above for the wireless receiver of the second aspect and its corresponding implementation.

[0104] The eighth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for operating a wireless sensing device, the wireless sensing device including a wireless transmitter and a wireless receiver, wherein the method for operating the wireless sensing device includes the method for operating the wireless transmitter according to the sixth aspect or any implementation thereof and / or the method for operating the wireless receiver according to the seventh aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0105] The method in the eighth aspect can have an implementation method corresponding to the wireless sensing device implementation method in the fourth aspect. The method in the eighth aspect and its implementation method achieves the advantages and effects described above for the wireless sensing device in the fourth aspect and its corresponding implementation method.

[0106] A ninth aspect of this disclosure provides a method for operating a network device to coordinate a network of two or more wireless sensing devices, wherein the method includes: determining a pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters; and transmitting the pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters to the two or more wireless sensing devices, wherein the pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters indicate one or more pulse shapes associated with one or more AFDM signals for transmission between the two or more wireless sensing devices or between the two or more wireless sensing devices and the network device.

[0107] The method of the ninth aspect can have an implementation form corresponding to the network device implementation form of the third aspect. The method of the ninth aspect and its implementation achieves the advantages and effects described above for the network device of the third aspect and its corresponding implementation form.

[0108] The tenth aspect of this disclosure provides a computer program product including program code that, when executed on a computer, performs the method according to any corresponding implementation of the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, or any of the aspects.

[0109] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the phrases "transmitter" and "wireless transmitter" are used interchangeably.

[0110] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the phrases “receiver” and “wireless receiver” are used interchangeably.

[0111] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the phrases “pulse shaping parameter” and “pulse shape parameter” are used interchangeably.

[0112] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the phrases “multi-carrier symbol” and “AFDM signal” are used interchangeably.

[0113] It should be noted that all devices, elements, units, and modules described in this disclosure can be implemented in software or hardware elements or any combination thereof. All steps performed by the various entities described in this disclosure, and the functions to be performed by the various entities described, are intended to indicate that the respective entities are suitable for or used to perform the respective steps and functions. Even in the description of the following specific embodiments, if a particular function or step to be performed by an external entity is not reflected in the description of the specific detailed elements of the entity performing that particular step or function, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that these methods and functions can be implemented in the corresponding software or hardware elements, or in any combination thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0114] The above aspects and implementations will be described in the following detailed description of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0115] Figure 1 The wireless transmitter provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0116] Figure 2 The wireless receiver provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0117] Figure 3 The network device provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0118] Figure 4 A wireless sensing device provided in this disclosure is shown, the wireless sensing device including a wireless transmitter and a wireless receiver;

[0119] Figure 5 The frequency domain sample of the received data associated with a subcarrier is shown in the presence of the fractional Doppler effect;

[0120] Figure 6 The oversampled DFT of two pulse shapes obtained using two different configurations of pulse shaping parameter pairs and their corresponding time-domain samples, according to this disclosure, is shown.

[0121] Figure 7 The wireless communication system provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0122] Figure 8 The time-frequency representation of the AFDM signal provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0123] Figure 9 The time-domain representation of the exemplary pulse-shaped CP-AFDM or CP-OFDM multicarrier symbols provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0124] Figure 10A transmitter for CP-AFDM / CP-OFDM provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0125] Figure 11 An exemplary representation of the received time-domain signal of a pulse-shaped CP-AFDM or CP-OFDM multicarrier symbol provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0126] Figure 12 A receiver for CP-AFDM / CP-OFDM provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0127] Figure 13 An exemplary time-domain signal representation of a pulse-shaped ZP-AFDM or ZP-OFDM multicarrier symbol provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0128] Figure 14 A transmitter for ZP-AFDM / ZP-OFDM provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0129] Figure 15 An exemplary representation of the received time-domain signal with pulse-shaped ZP-AFDM or ZP-OFDM multicarrier symbols and 2N-point zero-padding provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0130] Figure 16 A receiver for ZP-AFDM / ZP-OFDM provided in this disclosure is shown;

[0131] Figure 17 The method provided in this disclosure is illustrated;

[0132] Figure 18 The method provided in this disclosure is illustrated;

[0133] Figure 19 The method provided in this disclosure is illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0134] Figure 1 A wireless transmitter 100 provided in this disclosure is shown. The wireless transmitter 100 is used to generate and transmit an AFDM signal 102, wherein the AFDM signal 102 comprises a set 103 of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in the DAFT domain.

[0135] In addition, the transmitter 100 is used to acquire one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. For example, the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 can be acquired from the network device 300, the wireless receiver 200, or can be predetermined.

[0136] The linear frequency modulated carrier set 103 is generated by the transmitter based on IDAFT. The pulse shape 104 is generated by the transmitter based on one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. The pulse shape 104 is associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the linear frequency modulated carrier set 103, which is determined by… Figure 1 The dotted lines in the text represent...

[0137] For example, generating an AFDM signal 102 includes generating a linear frequency modulated carrier set 103 and a pulse shape 104.

[0138] The transmitter 100 may include a processor for performing the above-described processing steps.

[0139] Figure 2 A wireless receiver 200 provided in this disclosure is shown. The wireless receiver 200 is used, for example, to receive an AFDM signal 102 from a transmitter 100, the AFDM signal 102 comprising a set 103 of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in the DAFT domain.

[0140] The wireless receiver 200 is also used to acquire one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. For example, the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 can be acquired from the transmitter, the network device 300, or can be predetermined.

[0141] Furthermore, the wireless receiver 200 is used to determine the pulse shape 104 based on one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. The pulse shape 104 is associated with at least one linear frequency modulated (LFM) carrier in the set of LFM carriers 103, which is determined by… Figure 2 The dotted lines in the text represent...

[0142] The wireless receiver 200 is also used to generate an output signal 201 by using pulse shape 104 and applying DAFT.

[0143] Receiver 200 may include a processor for performing the above processing steps.

[0144] Figure 3 A network device 300 provided in this disclosure is shown. The network device 300 is used to determine one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 and transmit one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 to two or more wireless sensing devices 400.

[0145] One or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 indicate one or more pulse shapes 104. One or more pulse shapes 104 are associated with one or more AFDM signals 102, which are determined by... Figure 3The dashed lines in the text represent the pulse shape. For example, each pulse shaping parameter in pulse shaping parameter 101 can indicate the pulse shape of a corresponding subset of the corresponding AFDM signals 102 in one or more AFDM signals 102. One or more AFDM signals 102 are used for transmission between two or more wireless sensing devices 400 or between two or more wireless sensing devices 400 and network device 300, which in Figure 3 The dashed line between one or more AFDM signals 102 and two or more sensing devices and network devices 300 is shown in the middle.

[0146] Typically, network device 300 is used to coordinate a network of two or more wireless sensing devices 400.

[0147] One or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters can be determined based on one or more pulse shapes 104. For example, one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters can be determined by determining which pair of pulse shaping parameters corresponds to one or more pairs of pulse shapes 104.

[0148] The network device can be used to determine one or more pulse shapes 104. The network device can be used to determine one or more pulse shapes 104 and / or one or more pulse shaping parameters based on at least one requirement for one or more AFDM signals.

[0149] Network devices can be used to provide performance trade-off parameters to transmitter 100 and / or receiver 200, the performance trade-off parameters indicating at least one requirement for one or more AFDM signals.

[0150] According to the following, one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters can be associated with one or more pulse shapes 104. Pulse shapes 104 can be generated based on an initial pulse shape and a set of sequences, wherein the corresponding set of sequences can be determined based on one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101.

[0151] One or more pulse shapes 104 may be associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier from a set of one or more linear frequency modulated carriers.

[0152] The network device can provide multiple lookup tables to at least one of two or more sensing devices. The multiple lookup tables can map one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 to one or more pairs of pulse shapes 104. The network device can provide an indication of which lookup table and / or the entries in the lookup table can be used.

[0153] Network devices may include transmitter 100, receiver 200 and / or sensing device 400.

[0154] Network device 300 may include a processor for performing the above processing steps.

[0155] Figure 4 A wireless sensing device 400 provided in this disclosure is shown, which includes a wireless transmitter 100 and a wireless receiver 200.

[0156] The receiver 200 and the transmitter 100 may include a corresponding processor for performing the above-described processing steps, or a combined processor for performing the steps.

[0157] Transmitter 100, receiver 200, sensing device 400 and / or network device 300 may be referred to as “devices” in the following text.

[0158] Devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 may be communication and / or ISAC devices, which may include one or more IDAFT modules.

[0159] For example, each pulse shape 104 can be orthogonally projected online, or by using... The offline-computed sample generation is retrieved from the lookup table of multiple value indexes.

[0160] Devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 can be equipped with an adaptive module to adjust one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters. 101 is used to modify at least one pulse shape.

[0161] Devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 may include multiple inverse discrete affine Fourier transform (IDAFT) modules and / or multiple orthogonal projection pulse shaping modules, such that different pulse shapes 104 can be applied to signals related to different non-overlapping subsets of linear frequency modulated carriers of the linear frequency modulated carrier set 103.

[0162] Devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 may include one or more CP operation modules or one or more zero-fill modules. For example, on the receiver side, devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 may include one or more orthogonal projection pulse shaping modules and an adaptive module, wherein each module is used for signals related to different subcarrier subsets, and the adaptive module sets one or more pairs of pulse shape parameters 101 for each of the orthogonal projection pulse shaping modules of devices 100, 200, 300, and 400.

[0163] Devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 may include a linear frequency modulation module for the output of each pulse shaping module, with each pulse shaping module followed by a corresponding DFT module.

[0164] Devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 can also be used to send / receive signals to / from other devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 in the network to notify them of the pulse shape parameter 101 that is being used or will be used, for example, for adaptive orthogonal projection pulse shaping.

[0165] Length is ( The pulse shape (in seconds, the length of the multicarrier symbol) is equal to... ( Within the bandwidth of sub-carrier spacing (SCS, in Hz), there may not be good concentration in the frequency domain. Duration constraints can be relaxed, for example, by using a roll-off factor to extend the pulse in time, or frequency domain constraints can be relaxed, for example, by requiring the Fourier transform of the pulse to be concentrated within a certain range. Within the bandwidth.

[0166] In this disclosure, the latter option can be implemented to avoid inter-symbol interference due to multi-carrier symbol overlap. For example, the pulse shape can be defined as a length of [missing information] in the discrete time domain. (corresponding to the length in the continuous time domain) The orthogonal projection of a discrete-time rectangular pulse onto the generator space of a subset of a discrete prolate spheroidal sequence (DPSS), which is related to the sequence length. and normalized frequency bandwidth Relevant, satisfy (Relaxed frequency domain constraints).

[0167] A subset can be defined such that the power of all sequences in that subset is approximately greater than exist Within the frequency band, its power is approximately less than Outside this frequency band, this is possible for DPSS sequences. More precisely, the length is... A rectangular pulse can be represented as ,in, Constructing the DPSS basis. The proposed pulse shape. It can be done by only keeping the and subsets represented by both To obtain specific items from the above-defined extensions.

[0168] In fixed Down The smaller, A smaller cardinality results in better out-of-band performance, but at the cost of a slight in-band widening of the main lobe. "Out-of-band" can refer to the bandwidth parameter of the proposed pulse shape 104. Frequency outside the defined frequency band.

[0169] On the other hand, in fixed Down Larger subset The larger the base number, the better the in-band performance of the pulse shape 104, that is, the narrower the main beam. The lower the sidelobe level within the bandwidth (regardless of subset cardinality, the lower the out-of-band sidelobe level), the better (the out-of-band sidelobe level is always determined by...). Define the upper bound.

[0170] Figure 6 This illustrates the use of pulse shaping parameters for pulse shaping according to this disclosure. Two different configurations of 101 and their corresponding time-domain samples are used to obtain two oversampled DFTs of the pulse shapes. This example illustrates the changes in both the time and frequency domains. The effect of the value on pulse shape 104. The effect on the main beamwidth in the frequency domain representation of the pulse is listed separately in the selected subplot.

[0171] Acquired pulse shape 104 can, for example, compare the time-domain samples of the signal symbols with the samples. The point-by-point multiplication is applied to AFDM or OFDM signals 102.

[0172] Figure 7 A wireless communication system provided in this disclosure is illustrated. The system may be a network. The system may include a network device 300 and multiple communication devices 400, wherein at least some of the communication devices may be integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) devices 400. The signals transmitted by different components of the system may include one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 and / or may be based on... point -DAFT's AFDM signal 102, where, and These are system parameters that can be set and broadcast by network device 400 so that communication / ISAC device 400 can obtain their values. If Then the transmitted signal 102 is OFDM signal 102.

[0173] The communication / ISAC devices 400 can provide each other with one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 and / or AFDM signals 102. For example, Figure 7It is also shown that one or more pairs of pulse shape parameters 101 in use or to be used can be signaled to or sent to each system device. For example, for transmitter-side pulse shaping, the receiver device may need to obtain one or more pairs of pulse shape parameters 101 from the transmitter to optimize its channel estimation or data detection module accordingly. For receiver-side pulse shaping, the transmitter may need to inform the receiver device of one or more pairs of pulse shape parameters 101 it assumes when the guard interval size, data modulation and coding scheme, and / or pilot transmission level, etc.

[0174] The network device can be a communication / ISAC device 400.

[0175] Each communication / ISAC device 400 may include a module for determining pulse shaping parameters 101, an adaptive projected pulse shape generation module, a transmitting antenna, and a receiving antenna.

[0176] Each ISAC device 400 can be used to generate channel estimation information for at least one channel based on the received AFDM signal 102. Each ISAC device 400 can be used to generate range and / or relative velocity estimates of one or more targets in the environment surrounding the ISAC device using at least one channel based on the channel estimation information.

[0177] Figure 8 The time-frequency representation of the AFDM signal 102 provided in this disclosure is shown. In this example, one subset of linear frequency modulated carriers is used for sensing, while another non-overlapping subset of linear frequency modulated carriers is used for data transmission.

[0178] Because different levels of in-band / out-of-band tradeoffs may be required for channel estimation pilot subcarriers, sensing pilot subcarriers, data subcarriers, and / or different user equipment (UEs) with different mobility, different parameters... Different adaptive orthogonal projection pulse shapes 104 can be applied to signals associated with these different subcarrier subsets. For example, Figure 8 The AFDM signal 102 of the illustrated ISAC device includes a linear frequency modulated (LFM) carrier pilot for sensing, while the remaining LFM carriers are used for protection or as data. A pulse shape 104 with good resolution (e.g., a narrow main beam) is more important for the sensing pilot than for the data LFM carriers, and therefore has a smaller [beam shape] compared to the pulse shape 104 used for the sensing pilot. (or smaller) The pulse shape 104 can be used for data linear frequency modulation carrier.

[0179] The number of such distinct subsets can be assumed for communication devices to be: For ISAC device 400, it can be assumed that... And for network device 300, it can be assumed to be ,like Figure 7 As shown.

[0180] The following embodiments of this disclosure describe a transmitter section 100 and / or receiver section 200 of a communication / ISAC / network device 300 employing cyclic-prefix (CP) AFDM / OFDM or zero-padding (ZP) AFDM / OFDM. In the figures below, "P / S" represents a parallel-to-serial conversion operation, i.e., for transmitting vector entries sequentially in time. "S / P" represents the inverse operation. The abbreviation "DAC" stands for digital-to-analog converter, and "ADC" stands for analog-to-digital converter.

[0181] Figure 9 A time-domain representation of an exemplary pulse-shaped CP-AFDM or CP-OFDM multicarrier symbol 102 provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0182] For based on point -DAFT's CP-AFDM signal 102 (or based on The length of each multicarrier symbol 102 in the discrete-time baseband domain of the CP-OFDM signal 102 with point DFT can be... Therefore, pulse shaping can be applied to the entire symbol, for example, including the CP portion, such as... Figure 9 As shown in the diagram. For example, the length of the applied pulse shape can be... Instead Otherwise, the transmitted signal may be distorted.

[0183] The following examples illustrate how the above operations can be integrated into a CP-AFDM or CP-OFDM transmitter 100.

[0184] Figure 10 A transmitter 100 for CP-AFDM / CP-OFDM provided in this disclosure is shown. For example, a transmitter 100 for CP-AFDM / CP-OFDM adaptive orthogonal projection pulse shaping. For example, it can be configured by setting... Obtain CP-OFDM transmitter 100.

[0185] The transmitter 100 may be included in at least one of the sensing device 400, the communication device, the ISAC device 400, and the network device 300.

[0186] The transmitter module can be copied an equal number of times equal to the number of different subsets of the linear frequency modulated carrier or subcarrier of the AFDM signal 102 with different pulse shapes 104 (this number is in... Figure 10 The Chinese character is represented as In each branch, zero samples can be fed into some inputs of the inverse transform module, the inputs corresponding to a subset of the linear frequency modulated carrier of the pulse shape 104 to which that branch is not applied. In the following: [The application of the first...] The subcarrier subset of the pulse shape 104 of the branch is composed of This indicates that the cardinality of the subset is determined by... This indicates, and must be done on the subcarrier The symbols (data or pilots) transmitted are sent by Indicates. The first. Input of the branch of the IDAFT module It can be defined as follows:

[0187] .

[0188] The corresponding pulse shaping parameters for each pulse shape in the different pulse shapes 104 101 can be set adaptively by the adaptive module. For example, the first... Branches ( The pulse shaping module has a length of [length] at its input. Signal and pulse shape 104 is multiplied point by point, where, for and Any value is defined as defined above. In other words, if the first The first vector at the input of the pulse shaping module The sample is represented as Then the first output point The sample can be

[0189]

[0190] Figure 11 An exemplary representation of the received time-domain signal of the pulse-shaped CP-AFDM or CP-OFDM multicarrier symbol 102 provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0191] At the receiver side 200, due to the dispersion of multipath channels, the CP portion of the currently processed multicarrier symbol 102 may contain interference from the previous multicarrier symbol, and the CP portion of the next multicarrier symbol may contain interference from the current multicarrier symbol 102, such as... Figure 11As shown. Therefore, the CP can be discarded. However, assuming that pulse shape 104 is applied to the entire multicarrier symbol 102 (including the CP) on the transmitter side 100, this discarding will result in signal distortion. Therefore, the length is The receiver-side 200 adaptive pulse shape 104 (e.g., adaptive orthogonal projection pulse shape 104) can be applied to the non-CP portion of the received multicarrier symbols. For transmitter-side 100 pulse shaping, the parameters of the receiver-side 200 pulse shape 104 can be adaptively set by the adaptive module.

[0192] The following examples illustrate how the above operations can be integrated into a CP-AFDM or CP-OFDM receiver 200.

[0193] Figure 12 A receiver 200 for CP-AFDM / CP-OFDM provided in this disclosure is shown. For example, it is a receiver for CP-AFDM / CP-OFDM adaptive orthogonal projection pulse shaping. For example, it can be configured by setting... Obtain CP-OFDM receiver 200.

[0194] Receiver 200 may be included in at least one of sensing device 400, communication device, ISAC device 400 and network device 300.

[0195] For transmitter device 100, the number of times the receive processing module can be copied is equal to the number of different pulse shapes 104 applied to different subsets of linear frequency modulated carriers or subcarriers in a multi-carrier symbol. In each branch, the samples discarded from the output of the DAFT module can correspond to a subset of linear frequency modulated carriers to which the pulse shape 104 of that branch is not applied. In other words, if the first... The subcarrier subset of the pulse shape 104 of each branch is represented as follows: Then each subcarrier can be discarded. . No. Branches ( The pulse shaping module can adjust the length of its input to be... Signal and pulse shape 104 Perform point-by-point multiplication (where, for and Any value, defined (as mentioned above). In other words, if the first The first vector at the input of the pulse shaping module The sample is represented as Then the first output point The sample can be:

[0196]

[0197] It is worth mentioning that one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters are used for receiver-side pulse shaping. The selected value for 101 can be different from the value of the pulse shaping parameter used for pulse shaping on its corresponding transmitter side.

[0198] Figure 13 An exemplary time-domain representation of the pulse-shaped ZP-AFDM or ZP-OFDM multicarrier symbol 102 provided in this disclosure is shown.

[0199] For based on point -DAFT's ZP-AFDM signal 102 (or based on (ZP-OFDM signal with point DFT), the length of the non-zero portion of each multicarrier symbol in the discrete-time baseband domain can be... And the non-zero part can be followed by A zero sample (filled with its zeros). Therefore, the pulse shape length can be the length of... The sign length of pulse shaping can be length ,like Figure 13 As shown.

[0200] The following examples illustrate how the above operations can be integrated into a ZP-AFDM or ZP-OFDM transmitter 100.

[0201] Figure 14 A transmitter 100 for ZP-AFDM / ZP-OFDM provided in this disclosure is shown. For example, a transmitter 100 for adaptive orthogonal projection pulse shaping in ZP-AFDM / ZP-OFDM. For example, it can be configured by setting... Obtain ZP-OFDM transmitter 100.

[0202] The transmitter 100 may be included in at least one of the sensing device 400, the communication device, the ISAC device 400, and the network device 300.

[0203] For the CP-AFDM and CP-OFDM embodiments described above, the number of times the transmitter module can be copied is equal to the number of different subsets of subcarriers or linear frequency modulated carriers with multicarrier symbols applied with different pulse shapes 104.

[0204] Figure 15 The present disclosure illustrates the pulse-shaped ZP-AFDM or ZP-OFDM multicarrier symbol 102 and... An exemplary representation of a received time-domain signal with zero-filling.

[0205] At the receiver side 200, due to the dispersion of multipath channels, the guard interval created with zero padding at the transmitter side 100 can contain non-zero received samples; that is, the length of the received vector corresponding to a multicarrier symbol can be... To account for these samples, it may not be possible to use methods as described in the CP-AFDM / CP-OFDM examples. Point to the DAFT or DFT module. Alternatively, it can be done by using... Each zero sample performs zero-padding on the received sample vector to create a vector of length . vectors, such as Figure 15 As shown. After the zero-fill step, optimal receiver-side 200 adaptive orthogonal projection pulse shaping can be used. Next, it can be... point -DAFT (or for ZP-OFDM) Pointed DFT is applied to the resulting vector. This is required for data detection, channel estimation, or sensing. A sample can be obtained from point -DFT (or The odd number of samples are discarded from the output of the point DFT module.

[0206] The following examples illustrate how the above operations can be integrated into a ZP-AFDM or ZP-OFDM receiver 200. Figure 16 The pulse shaping module is optional because there is no module in the ZP-AFDM and ZP-OFDM embodiments that causes distortion of the transmitted pulse shape 104 (such as in the case of the CP discard module).

[0207] Figure 16 A receiver 200 for ZP-AFDM / ZP-OFDM provided in this disclosure is shown. For example, a receiver 200 for adaptive orthogonal projection pulse shaping in ZP-AFDM / ZP-OFDM. For example, it can be configured by setting... Obtain a ZP-OFDM receiver.

[0208] Receiver 200 may be included in at least one of sensing device 400, communication device, ISAC device 400 and network device 300.

[0209] For transmitter device 100, the number of times the receive processing module can be copied is equal to the number of different pulse shapes 104 applied to different subsets of subcarriers or linear frequency modulated carriers of multicarrier symbol 102. If the application of the first The subcarrier subset of the pulse shape 104 of the branch is represented as Then it comes from the first Branches The discarded samples from the output of a point DAFT or DFT module can be subcarriers that satisfy the following formula. .

[0210] or( and (Odd number)

[0211] Therefore, parameters 101 can be applied to a specific level of the above trade-offs based on the following objectives: reducing protection overhead, improving channel prediction and sensing resolution performance, and addressing near-far effects in sensing. In fact, in a fixed... Down Smaller or fixed Down The smaller the value, compared to a rectangular pulse, A smaller cardinality results in better out-of-band performance, at the cost of a slight in-band widening of the main lobe. Pulse shape 104 with low out-of-band levels is associated with near-far effects, low pilot frequency, and sensing overhead under multi-user multiplexing protection. This is not the case for rectangular pulses. Fixed Down Larger or fixed Down Larger subset The larger the cardinality, the smaller the in-band widening of the main lobe compared to a rectangular pulse shape. The pulse shape of the main lobe without widening (unlike Dolph-Chebyshev-based pulse shapes) is related to sensing resolution performance, as well as channel prediction and super-resolution estimation. With appropriate parameters, out-of-band fractional-Doppler rejection can be achieved without resulting in worse in-band performance than a rectangular pulse.

[0212] Transmitter 100, receiver 200, sensing device 400 and / or network device 300 may be referred to as “devices” hereinafter. Each device 100, 200, 300, 400 may include one or more processors.

[0213] Typically, a processor can be used to perform, conduct, or initiate various operations of the devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 described herein. The processor may include hardware and / or may be controlled by software. Hardware may include analog or digital circuitry, or both. Digital circuitry may include components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or multi-purpose processors. Devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 may also include memory circuitry that stores one or more instructions executable by the processor, particularly under software control. For example, the memory circuitry may include a non-transitory storage medium storing executable software code that, when executed by the processor, causes various operations of devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 to be performed. In one embodiment, devices 100, 200, 300, and 400 may include one or more processors and non-transitory memory connected to one or more processors. Non-transient memory can carry executable program code, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes devices 100, 200, 300, 400 to perform, conduct, or initiate the operations or methods described herein.

[0214] Figure 17 A method 500 provided in this disclosure is illustrated. Method 500 can be performed by a transmitter 100. Method 500 includes step 501: acquiring one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. Furthermore, method 500 includes step 502: generating a set of linear frequency modulated (LFM) carriers 103 based on IDAFT. Furthermore, method 500 includes step 503: generating an AFDM signal 102, the AFDM signal comprising the set of LFM carriers 103 orthogonal in the DAFT domain. Furthermore, method 500 includes step 504: generating a pulse shape 104 associated with at least one LFM carrier in the set of LFM carriers 103 based on one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. Furthermore, method 500 includes step 505: transmitting the AFDM signal 102.

[0215] Figure 18A method 600 provided in this disclosure is illustrated. Method 600 can be performed by a wireless receiver 200. Method 600 includes step 601: receiving an AFDM signal, the AFDM signal comprising a set 103 of linear frequency modulated carriers orthogonal in the DAFT domain. Furthermore, method 600 includes step 602: acquiring one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. Furthermore, method 600 includes step 603: determining a pulse shape 104 associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the set 103 of linear frequency modulated carriers based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. Furthermore, method 600 includes step 604: generating an output signal 201 based on the AFDM signal 102 by using the pulse shape 104 and applying DAFT.

[0216] Figure 19 A method 700 provided in this disclosure is illustrated. Method 700 can be performed by a network device 300. Method 700 includes step 701: determining one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101. Furthermore, method 700 includes step 702: transmitting one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 to two or more wireless sensing devices 400.

[0217] Typically, method 700 is used to coordinate a network of two or more wireless sensing devices 400. Furthermore, one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters 101 indicate one or more pulse shapes 104 associated with one or more AFDM signals 102 used for transmission between two or more wireless sensing devices 400, or between two or more wireless sensing devices 400 and a network device 300.

[0218] This disclosure has been described in conjunction with various embodiments and implementations as examples. However, based on a study of the drawings, this disclosure, and the independent claims, those skilled in the art will be able to understand and implement other variations in carrying out the claimed subject matter. In the claims and the specification, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the function of several entities or items described in the claims. The enumeration of certain measures in dissimilar dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used in advantageous implementations.

Claims

1. A wireless transmitter (100), wherein, The wireless transmitter (100) is used for: Obtain one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101). Generate an AFDM (Analog Radio Frequency Division Multiplexing) signal (102), the AFDM signal comprising a set of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in the Discrete Affine Fourier Transform (DAFT) domain (103). Send the AFDM signal (102). The transmitter is further used for: The linear frequency modulated carrier set (103) is generated based on the discrete affine Fourier inverse transform (IDAFT). Based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), a pulse shape (104) associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103) is generated.

2. The wireless transmitter (100) according to claim 1, used for: The pulse shape (104) is generated based on the initial pulse shape and the sequence set, wherein, The sequence set is determined based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101).

3. The wireless transmitter (100) according to claim 2, wherein, The one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) are two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), each pair of pulse shaping parameters (101) being associated with a subset of the linear frequency modulated carriers of the set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103). For each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), a pulse shape (104) associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the linear frequency modulated carrier subset is generated based on the corresponding initial pulse shape and the corresponding sequence set, wherein the corresponding sequence set is determined based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters (101).

4. The wireless transmitter (100) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, The pulse shape (104) is generated by orthogonally projecting the initial pulse shape onto a generation space that includes the basis of the sequence set.

5. The wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, Each of the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) includes a leakage level parameter and a bandwidth relaxation parameter.

6. The wireless transmitter (100) according to claim 5, wherein, The bandwidth relaxation parameter indicates the frequency band of the corresponding pulse. The leakage level parameter is the maximum portion of the total power of the corresponding pulse outside the frequency band of the corresponding pulse.

7. The wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims. Obtain performance trade-off parameters that indicate the requirements for the AFDM signal (102). Based on the performance trade-off parameters, at least one pair of pulse shaping parameters (101) among the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) is adjusted.

8. The wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The wireless transmitter (100) is used to calculate the orthogonal projection of the orthogonal projection pulse shaping based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101); and / or The wireless transmitter (100) is used to determine the orthogonal projection of the orthogonal projection pulse shaping using a plurality of lookup tables, each lookup table being associated with one of a plurality of pulse shape (104) length values. The lookup table maps one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) to the pulse shape (104).

9. The wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, configured to: Obtain a pair of DAFT parameters to parameterize the linear frequency modulated carrier set (103). in, The AFDM signal (102) is also generated based on the pair of DAFT parameters.

10. The wireless transmitter (100) according to claim 9, wherein, The wireless transmitter (100) is used for: Get the set of input symbols. The input symbol set is mapped to the linear frequency modulated carrier set (103) by applying the IDAFT.

11. The wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The wireless transmitter (100) is used for: One or more intermediate AFDM signals are generated by applying the IDAFT, wherein the one or more intermediate AFDM signals include the linear frequency modulated carrier set (103). The wireless transmitter (100) is further used for: Perform a cyclic prefix (CP) insertion operation on the one or more intermediate AFDM signals to generate one or more additional AFDM signals; The AFDM signal (102) is generated based on one or more additional AFDM signals by performing pulse shaping based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), or The wireless transmitter (100) is further used for: Based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), pulse shaping is performed on the one or more intermediate AFDM signals to generate one or more additional AFDM signals. The AFDM signal (102) is generated based on the one or more additional AFDM signals by performing a zero-filling insertion operation.

12. The wireless transmitter (100) according to claim 11, wherein, Each linear frequency modulated carrier subset in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103) is included in the corresponding intermediate AFDM signal (102) in the one or more intermediate AFDM signals. For each subset of linear frequency modulated carriers in the set (103), the wireless transmitter (100) is used to: A CP insertion operation is performed on the corresponding intermediate AFDM signal (102) to generate a corresponding additional AFDM signal among the one or more additional AFDM signals. Pulse shaping is performed on the corresponding additional AFDM signal by multiplying one or more samples of the corresponding additional AFDM signal with one or more samples of the pulse shape (104) pointwise based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters (101) associated with the linear frequency modulated carrier subset, generating a pulse-shaped intermediate AFDM signal (102), or For each subset of linear frequency modulated carriers in the set (103), the wireless transmitter (100) is used to: Pulse shaping is performed by multiplying one or more samples of the corresponding intermediate AFDM signal with one or more samples of the pulse shape (104) pointwise based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters (101) associated with the linear frequency modulated carrier subset, to generate a corresponding additional AFDM signal in the one or more additional AFDM signals. By performing a zero-filling insertion operation, an intermediate AFDM signal (102) with pulse shaping is generated based on the corresponding additional AFDM signal. The wireless transmitter (100) is also used to combine the intermediate AFDM signals of the pulse shaping to generate the AFDM signal (102).

13. The wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103) includes at least one of the following: One or more linear frequency modulated carriers serve as pilot signals used for sensing or channel estimation. One or more linear frequency modulated carriers used for data transmission; One or more zeroed linear frequency modulated carriers; The set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103) includes at least one linear frequency modulated carrier for data transmission, or at least one linear frequency modulated carrier as a pilot signal for sensing or channel estimation.

14. The wireless transmitter (100) according to claim 13, wherein, The one or more zeroed carriers form a guard interval for the one or more linear frequency modulated (LFM) carriers in the DAFT domain, wherein the one or more LFM carriers are pilot signals used for sensing or channel estimation. The number of the one or more zeroed linear frequency modulated carriers is determined based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101).

15. The wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, configured to: The one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) are provided to the wireless receiver (200) and / or the network device (300).

16. A wireless receiver (200), wherein, The wireless receiver (200) is used for: Receive an AFDM signal (102), the AFDM signal comprising a set of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in the discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) domain (103). Obtain one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101). Based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), determine the pulse shape (104) associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103). An output signal (201) is generated based on the AFDM signal (102) by using the pulse shape (104) and applying DAFT.

17. The wireless receiver (200) according to claim 16, for: The pulse shape (104) is determined based on the initial pulse shape and the sequence set, wherein, The sequence set is determined based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101).

18. The wireless receiver (200) according to claim 17, wherein, The one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) are two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), each pair of pulse shaping parameters (101) being associated with a subset of the linear frequency modulated carriers of the set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103). Wherein, for each pair of pulse shaping parameters (101) in the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), the wireless receiver (200) is used to: Based on the corresponding initial pulse shape and the corresponding sequence set, the pulse shape associated with each linear frequency modulated carrier in the subset of linear frequency modulated carriers is determined (104), wherein the corresponding sequence set is determined based on the pair of pulse shaping parameters (101). Based on the pulse shape (104) and the AFDM signal (102), a correspondingly modified signal is generated. The wireless receiver (200) is further used for: The output signal (201) is generated by applying the DAFT based on the corresponding additional modifications to the signals of each of the two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101).

19. The wireless receiver (200) according to claim 17 or 18, for: Perform a cyclic prefix (CP) drop operation on the AFDM signal (102) to generate one or more modified AFDM signals, or A zero-filling operation is performed on the AFDM signal (102) to generate one or more modified AFDM signals; in, The wireless receiver (200) is used to generate the output signal (201) based on the one or more modified AFDM signals by using the pulse shape (104) and applying the DAFT.

20. The wireless receiver (200) according to claim 17, wherein, The one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) are two or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), each pair of pulse shaping parameters (101) being associated with a subset of the linear frequency modulated carriers of the set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103). For each subset of linear frequency modulated carriers in the set (103), the wireless receiver (200) is used to: Perform a CP drop operation on the AFDM signal (102) to generate a corresponding modified AFDM signal among the one or more modified AFDM signals, or A zero-padding operation is performed on the AFDM signal (102) to generate a corresponding modified AFDM signal among the one or more modified AFDM signals. The corresponding modified AFDM signal is modified based on the pulse shape (104) associated with the linear frequency modulated carrier subset to generate a corresponding additional modified AFDM signal. The wireless receiver (200) is further used for: By applying the DAFT, the output signal (201) is generated based on the corresponding additionally modified signal of each linear frequency modulated carrier subset in the linear frequency modulated carrier set (103).

21. The wireless receiver (200) according to any one of claims 16 to 19, for: One or more further modified AFDM signals are generated by multiplying one or more samples of at least one modified AFDM signal or at least a portion of the AFDM signal (102) point-by-point with one or more samples of the pulse shape (104). The output signal (201) is generated by applying the DAFT based on the one or more additionally modified AFDM signals.

22. The wireless receiver (200) according to any one of claims 16 to 20, for: The one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) are received from the wireless transmitter (100) and / or the network device (300).

23. The wireless receiver (200) according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein, The AFDM signal (102) is received through at least one channel. The wireless receiver (200) is also used to generate channel estimation information for the at least one channel based on the output signal (201).

24. A network device (300) for coordinating a network of two or more wireless sensing devices (400), wherein, The network device (300) is used for: Determine one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101). The pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) are sent to the two or more wireless sensing devices (400), wherein the pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) indicate one or more pulse shapes (104) associated with one or more AFDM signals (102) for transmission between the two or more wireless sensing devices (400) or between the two or more wireless sensing devices (400) and the network device (300).

25. The wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, the wireless receiver (200) according to any one of claims 16 to 23, or the network device (300) according to claim 24, wherein, The AFDM signal (102) is an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM signal generated using the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), and the pulse shape (104) is associated with at least one frequency subcarrier.

26. A wireless sensing device (400) comprising a wireless transmitter (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and a wireless receiver (200) according to any one of claims 16 to 23.

27. The wireless sensing device (400) according to claim 26, wherein, The wireless sensing device (400) is also configured to generate, using at least one channel, a range and / or relative velocity estimate of one or more targets in the environment surrounding the wireless sensing device (400) based on the channel estimation information.

28. A network comprising two or more wireless sensing devices (400) as claimed in claim 26 or 27, and a network device (300) as claimed in claim 24.

29. A method of operating a wireless transmitter (100), wherein, The method includes: Obtain one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101). Generate an AFDM (Analog Radio Frequency Division Multiplexing) signal, wherein the AFDM signal comprises a set of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in the Discrete Affine Fourier Transform (DAFT) domain (103). Send the AFDM signal (102). The method further includes: The linear frequency modulated carrier set (103) is generated based on the discrete affine Fourier inverse transform (IDAFT). Based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), a pulse shape (104) associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103) is generated.

30. A method of operating a wireless receiver (200), wherein, The method includes: Receive an AFDM signal, which includes a set of orthogonal linear frequency modulated carriers in the discrete affine Fourier transform (DAFT) domain (103). Obtain one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101). Based on the one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101), determine the pulse shape (104) associated with at least one linear frequency modulated carrier in the set of linear frequency modulated carriers (103). An output signal (201) is generated based on the AFDM signal (102) by using the pulse shape (104) and applying DAFT.

31. A method of operating a wireless sensing device (400), said wireless sensing device (400) comprising a wireless transmitter (100) and a wireless receiver (200), wherein, The method of operating the wireless sensing device (400) includes the method of operating the wireless transmitter (100) according to claim 29 and / or the method of operating the wireless receiver (200) according to claim 30.

32. A method of operating a network device (300) to coordinate a network of two or more wireless sensing devices (400), wherein, The method includes: Determine one or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101). The pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) are sent to the two or more wireless sensing devices (400), wherein the pair or more pairs of pulse shaping parameters (101) indicate one or more pulse shapes (104) associated with one or more AFDM signals (102) for transmission between the two or more wireless sensing devices (400) or between the two or more wireless sensing devices (400) and the network device (300).

33. A computer program product comprising program code, which, when executed on a computer, performs the method according to any one of claims 29 to 32.

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