Method and system for fine exercise training under visual guidance for improving visual function

Abstract

The invention discloses a fine exercise training method and system under visual guidance for improving a visual function, and relates to the technical field of visual function improvement or recovery, and the method comprises the steps: determining a minimum threshold value according to a visual test index page, and generating a training scheme of a current training period based on a visual function impaired eye visual minimum recognition threshold value; when the training scheme is executed, to-be-copied characters with the character size being the real-time training character size are called from a paper copybook or a to-be-copied electronic character library to generate a current day copybook; the trainee is in a standard sitting posture, has a preset distance from the desktop and shields the eye-care copybook to copy the current day copybook; performing visual function testing after the training scheme is executed, and adjusting the training scheme of the next training period based on the evaluation training effect. The trainee can quickly improve the vision of the patient with the impaired optic nervous system function in a short time through fine movement under visual guidance, the compliance of the patient is improved, and the system has the advantages of being low in cost, high in feasibility and capable of being extended at home.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of visual function improvement or recovery technology, and in particular to a method and system for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function. Background Technology

[0002] Visual perception learning refers to methods that significantly improve the visual system's ability to perceive external stimuli through repeated training of specific visual tasks. Currently, various visual function training methods are applied in clinical practice. For example, in cases of amblyopia caused by early abnormal visual experiences, research has shown that visual-motor integration enhances the visual system's processing ability in preschool children, with significant activation in the cortex, indicating that "writing while looking" plays a role in the neural system and pathways of visual letter recognition. Furthermore, healthy subjects, through motor training, can interact with unseen visual stimuli through movement.

[0003] Currently, most perceptual learning research relies on visual stimuli in electronic devices or virtualized scenarios, limiting its application in home settings and hindering its widespread adoption. Furthermore, existing perceptual training paradigms exhibit significant differences in stimulus formats, task structures, and effectiveness evaluation indicators, lacking a unified theoretical model and systematic intervention evaluation system. This results in poor external consistency of research findings and limited clinical translation capabilities. Traditional visual training methods typically employ single visual tasks (such as image stimulation), lacking neural interaction with fine motor skills (such as writing). In addition, traditional perceptual learning generally suffers from monotonous content and detachment from real-life applications. Especially for younger children, the repetitive graphic stimuli fail to motivate trainees, leading to decreased adherence.

[0004] Against this research backdrop, a visually guided fine motor training program was developed, introducing writing and copying training, characterized by high-intensity visual feedback and fine motor involvement, into the perceptual learning intervention system, providing a new pathway for the rehabilitation of patients with visual impairment. In particular, the process of Chinese character copying integrates multi-dimensional cognitive functions such as visual recognition, spatial positioning, dynamic attention, and hand-eye coordination, forming a natural "perception-movement-feedback" closed loop training method that breaks through the limitations of traditional single visual stimulation. Its stable gaze requirement and continuous fine motor process can effectively activate relevant visual processing areas in the brain under non-invasive and low-cost conditions, enhancing the integration ability of visual function. Simultaneously, developing personalized training plans for patients can effectively improve the efficiency of visual function or visual acuity recovery. Therefore, this application proposes a method and system for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function. This method can not only rapidly improve the vision of patients with impaired optic nerve function in a short period of time, but also improve patient compliance. It has the advantages of low cost, high feasibility and home extensibility.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function, comprising:

[0008] Using the vision test index page, determine the minimum visual recognition threshold for the visually impaired eye of the trainee;

[0009] The minimum visual recognition threshold is used as the initial training font size for the current training cycle. Combined with the initial calligraphy template information for the current training cycle and the preset number of training characters per day, a training scheme is generated.

[0010] The training plan will be executed until the current training cycle ends;

[0011] Visual function tests are conducted on the visually impaired eyes of trainees to determine the evaluation of training effectiveness for the current training cycle;

[0012] Based on the evaluation of the training effect, adjust the initial calligraphy template information for the next training cycle;

[0013] Update the current training cycle and return to the step "Use the minimum visual recognition threshold as the initial training font size for the current training cycle, and generate a training plan by combining the initial calligraphy template information and the preset number of training characters per day for the current training cycle".

[0014] Specifically, executing the training scheme includes:

[0015] Within the current training cycle, obtain the real-time training font size for the current day;

[0016] In a paper calligraphy template or an electronic font library to be copied, a preset number of daily training characters with the same font size as the real-time training font are retrieved, and the current day's calligraphy template is generated according to the initial calligraphy template information; the initial calligraphy template information includes font size, layout and contrast.

[0017] The trainee is seated in a standard sitting posture, and the distance between the trainee's eyes and the table is a preset distance;

[0018] Blindfold the trainee's healthy eye, place the current day's calligraphy model flat on the table, and have the trainee copy the current day's calligraphy model until all the characters to be copied are copied, thus completing the current day's training;

[0019] Update the current day and return to the step "Get the real-time training font size for the current day within the current training cycle".

[0020] Optionally, the vision test index page displays multiple lines of text; any two characters in the same line have the same font size; any two characters in different lines have different font sizes.

[0021] Optionally, using the vision test index page, the minimum visual recognition threshold for the trainee's visually impaired eye can be determined, specifically including:

[0022] The trainee is seated in a standard sitting posture, and the distance between the trainee's eyes and the table is a preset distance;

[0023] With the trainee's healthy eye covered by an eye patch, the vision test index page is placed flat on a table, and the trainee reads the text in the vision test index page.

[0024] Obtain the accuracy rate of each line when the trainee reads the vision test index page;

[0025] The font size corresponding to the line number closest to the preset accuracy rate is determined as the minimum visual recognition threshold for the visually impaired eye of the trainee.

[0026] Optionally, the preset distance is 30cm;

[0027] The preset accuracy rate is 50%.

[0028] Optionally, after blindfolding the trainee's healthy eye, the current day's calligraphy model is placed flat on a table, and the trainee copies the current day's calligraphy model until all the characters to be copied are copied. After completing the current day's training, the process also includes:

[0029] Determine whether the current day is the last day of the current training cycle, and obtain the first determination result;

[0030] If the first judgment result is yes, then the current training cycle is determined to have ended;

[0031] If the first judgment result is negative, then the training result image for the current day is obtained; the training result image includes all the text copied by the trainee on the current day;

[0032] The training result image is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed training result image; the preprocessing includes filtering and denoising.

[0033] The preprocessed training result image is segmented to obtain multiple single-character tracing images;

[0034] Each character copy image was scored to determine the degree of similarity between the copied image and the corresponding standard character image in the calligraphy template.

[0035] The average score of all individual character fit is used to determine the handwriting quality score for the current day.

[0036] Optionally, the real-time training font size on the first day of the current training cycle is equal to the minimum visual recognition threshold.

[0037] Optionally, after determining that the average of all individual word fit scores is the handwriting quality score for the current day, the following is also included:

[0038] Determine whether the condition for reducing the font size is met to obtain a second determination result; the condition for reducing the font size is: the handwriting quality score of the current day and the number of consecutive preset days before the current day both reach the threshold for reducing the font size score.

[0039] If the second judgment result is yes, then the real-time training font size of the current day is saved as the previous training font size of the next day, and the product of the real-time training font size of the current day and the reduction factor is used as the real-time training font size of the next day; the reduction factor is less than 1.

[0040] If the second judgment result is negative, then it is determined whether the condition for restoring the font size is met, and a third judgment result is obtained; the condition for restoring the font size is: the handwriting quality score of the current day and the number of consecutive preset days before the current day is lower than the font size score threshold; the font size score threshold is less than the font size reduction score threshold.

[0041] If the third judgment result is negative, then set the real-time training font size for the next day to be equal to the real-time training font size for the current day.

[0042] If the third judgment result is yes, then determine whether the real-time training font size of the current day is equal to the minimum visual recognition threshold, and obtain the fourth judgment result;

[0043] If the fourth judgment result is yes, then set the real-time training font size for the next day to equal the minimum visual recognition threshold.

[0044] If the fourth judgment result is negative, then set the real-time training font size for the next day to be equal to the previous training font size for the current day.

[0045] Optionally, the threshold for the reduced font size score is 75;

[0046] The reduction factor is 90%;

[0047] The threshold for restoring the font size score is 30.

[0048] Optionally, visual function tests are performed on the trainee's visually impaired eye to determine the assessment of training effectiveness for the current training cycle, specifically including:

[0049] After implementing the training program, determine the visual acuity logMAR value, contrast sensitivity curve, and minimum visual recognition threshold of the trainee's visually impaired eye; the visual acuity logMAR value, contrast sensitivity curve, and minimum visual recognition threshold of the trainee's visually impaired eye are used to evaluate the training effect of the current training cycle of the trainee's visually impaired eye.

[0050] Secondly, this application provides a system for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function, comprising:

[0051] The minimum visual recognition threshold determination module is used to determine the minimum visual recognition threshold of the visually impaired eye of the trainee using the vision test index page;

[0052] The current training cycle training scheme generation module is used to take the minimum visual recognition threshold as the initial training font size of the current training cycle, and generate a training scheme by combining the initial calligraphy template information of the current training cycle and the preset number of training characters per day.

[0053] The current training cycle imitation training module is used to execute the training plan until the current training cycle ends;

[0054] The current training cycle training effect evaluation module is used to conduct visual function tests on the trainee's visually impaired eyes to determine the evaluation training effect of the current training cycle.

[0055] The initial calligraphy template information adjustment module is used to adjust the initial calligraphy template information for the next training cycle based on the evaluated training effect.

[0056] The current training cycle update module is used to update the current training cycle and call the training scheme generation module for the current training cycle.

[0057] The current training cycle's imitation training module specifically includes:

[0058] The current day real-time training font size acquisition unit is used to acquire the current day's real-time training font size within the current training period;

[0059] The current day's calligraphy template generation unit is used to retrieve a preset number of characters to be copied from a paper calligraphy template or an electronic font library with the real-time training font size, and generate the current day's calligraphy template according to the initial calligraphy template information; the initial calligraphy template information includes font size, layout and contrast.

[0060] The posture correction unit is used to put the trainee in a standard sitting posture, and the distance between the trainee's eyes and the table is a preset distance.

[0061] The copying training unit is used to cover the trainee's healthy eye with an eye patch, place the current day's calligraphy model flat on the table, and have the trainee copy the current day's calligraphy model until all the characters to be copied have been copied, thus completing the current day's training.

[0062] The current day update unit is used to update the current day and call the current day real-time training font size acquisition unit.

[0063] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0064] This application provides a method and system for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function. Based on visually guided fine motor training, it uses calligraphy copying as the main technical means. Different font sizes of calligraphy copying are selected according to the degree of visual function impairment of the trainee. The daily training time and number of training days are controlled, and the effect of copying training and visual function indicators before and after training are comprehensively evaluated. It also provides a novel training method that interacts visual perception and motor learning. Visually guided fine motor training is carried out by copying paper-based calligraphy copying or CNC tablet electronic calligraphy copying. The combination of quality assessment and adaptive adjustment makes calligraphy copying training more personalized and targeted. It can not only rapidly improve the vision of patients with impaired optic nerve function in a short period of time, but also greatly improve patient compliance and cooperation. It is a low-cost, highly feasible, and home-extendable visual rehabilitation strategy.

[0065] Furthermore, this application completely covers the healthy eye with an opaque eye patch, forcing the visually impaired eye to undertake visual input tasks, and combining this with visually guided fine motor training tasks, thereby reducing the neural inhibition of the visually impaired eye (such as amblyopia) by the healthy eye. Monocular occlusion combined with visually guided fine motor training integrates multi-dimensional cognitive functions such as visual recognition, spatial localization, and fine motor processes, conforming to the "perception-motor-feedback" closed-loop training model. Theoretically, it has the potential to induce coordinated activation of lower and higher visual processing brain regions and visual-motor integration brain regions, improving the integration ability of visual function. Compared with traditional single-eye patch occlusion, it can improve the efficiency of neuroplasticity. At the same time, patients (especially younger children) have a higher acceptance of writing tasks, making it more feasible for home use and providing a better foundation for compliance. Attached Figure Description

[0066] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0067] Figure 1This is a contrast sensitivity function graph in one embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0069] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a system structure for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0070] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the average visual acuity results of children with amblyopia before and after amblyopia training in one embodiment of this application.

[0071] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the average visual acuity results of an adult amblyopic training subject before and after amblyopic eye training in one embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the average contrast sensitivity of an adult amblyopic training subject before and after amblyopic eye training, according to one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0074] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0075] The terms used in this application are explained as follows:

[0076] Visual perception learning refers to non-invasive methods that improve visual function over a long period of time through repeated practice or application.

[0077] Fine motor skills refer to skills achieved through small muscle movements (such as wrist and finger movements), performed within a confined space, and requiring delicate coordination. Examples include writing and carving.

[0078] Threshold: Used to characterize the sensitivity of humans to changes in different types of stimuli.

[0079] Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF): The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is an important indicator in visual science describing the human eye's sensitivity to stimuli of different spatial frequencies. A graph of the contrast sensitivity function is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The image shows visual stimulus stripe patterns at different spatial frequencies and contrasts, overlaid with a contrast sensitivity curve (black curve). Figure 1 The contrast sensitivity function gradually increases in spatial frequency from left to right and in contrast from top to bottom. This function graph can help readers understand the visual system's perceptual ability at different spatial frequencies, providing a theoretical basis for the calligraphy design, training methods, or fitting evaluation involved in this application.

[0080] Visual crowding effect: When there are other objects around a target object in the peripheral field of vision, it becomes difficult to identify the target object.

[0081] Contrast: refers to the difference in brightness or color intensity between different areas in an image, and is the basis for the visual system to distinguish the boundaries, structure and texture of objects.

[0082] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, a method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function is provided, including:

[0083] Step 201: Using the vision test index page, determine the minimum visual recognition threshold for the trainee's visually impaired eye. The vision test index page displays multiple lines of text. Any two characters on the same line have the same font size. Any two characters on different lines have different font sizes.

[0084] The layout of the calligraphy practice book's vision index page should be: line spacing ≥ 1.5 times the font height, column spacing ≥ 1. This ensures there is no visual crowding effect between Chinese characters.

[0085] Vision Test Index Page: Based on a commonly used high-frequency character set, frequently used Chinese characters with the same number of strokes are selected (e.g., characters with a moderate number of strokes of 8-9 strokes). The Euclidean distance and complexity between each character are calculated, and ten characters with comparable Euclidean distances and complexities are selected as the content of the vision test index table for the calligraphy practice book. The characters are arranged in an N x 5 matrix, ensuring that the line spacing is ≥ 1.5 times the font height. The value of N can be flexibly set according to the total number of character sizes to be tested. The size of each character decreases proportionally from largest to smallest, and the character size used to detect the minimum recognition threshold is used as the training character size. Based on the character sizes that trainees could distinguish and the threshold of characters they could copy in previous experiments, the maximum character size is determined to be 24, and the minimum character size is 8. The character size decreases according to the point value: from 24 to 12 points, it decreases in increments of 2 points; from 11 to 8 points, it decreases in increments of 1 point. A 2-pound increment allows for a wider range of font sizes in the calligraphy practice book, making it suitable for trainees with varying visual acuity. A 1-pound increment ensures more precise matching of training font sizes when high resolution is required. The calligraphy practice book's visual index page features Chinese characters in the same font (e.g., KaiTi) with low contrast. The font sizes are set according to the spatial frequency of the characters, ensuring a gradual increase in visual load across different font sizes, facilitating precise control of the intervention dosage. Smaller font sizes for the same character correspond to higher spatial frequencies, making visual resolution more difficult and increasing the visual load. This gradual increase in visual load is achieved by designing a decreasing font size order.

[0086] Pre-training – Selection of Stroke Range for the Vision Test Index Page: Based on the patient's age, education level, minimum tracing resolution, and degree of visual impairment, a corresponding stroke range is matched as the target stroke range. Chinese characters with stroke counts within the target stroke range are retrieved to construct the vision test index page. Selection of Training Character Size: Before each training stage, the trainee uses an eye patch to cover the eye with better vision. The visual impairment is then assessed by viewing the character index page at a fixed distance with the affected eye to determine the minimum visual recognition threshold. Based on the visual threshold, the corresponding character size is selected as the training target. Distance Selection and Determination: Maintaining a standard sitting posture with a posture corrector, the distance from the eyes to the character on the table is 30cm. Fine-tuning is performed using a measuring tape to ensure the distance remains at 30cm. By requiring the trainee to view a vision test page with 5 columns * 13 rows of decreasing character sizes, the character size at which the trainee achieves a 50% accuracy rate is selected as the training character size, i.e., the minimum recognition threshold.

[0087] Step 201 specifically includes:

[0088] Step 201-1: (Use a posture corrector to assist the trainee) Position the trainee in a standard sitting posture, with the distance between the trainee's eyes and the tabletop set to a preset distance of 30cm.

[0089] Step 201-2: Cover the trainee's healthy eye with an eye patch, place the vision test index page flat on the table, and have the trainee read the text on the vision test index page.

[0090] Step 201-3: Obtain the accuracy rate of each line when the trainee reads the vision test index page.

[0091] Step 201-4: Determine the font size corresponding to the line number closest to the preset accuracy rate as the minimum visual recognition threshold for the trainee's visually impaired eye. The preset accuracy rate is 50%.

[0092] Step 202: Use the minimum visual recognition threshold as the initial training font size for the current training cycle, and combine it with the initial calligraphy template information for the current training cycle and the preset number of training characters per day to generate a training plan.

[0093] Step 203: Execute the training plan until the current training cycle ends.

[0094] Step 203 specifically includes:

[0095] Step 203-1: Within the current training cycle, obtain the real-time training font size for the current day.

[0096] Step 203-2: From the paper calligraphy template or the electronic font library to be copied, retrieve the preset number of characters to be copied for the day, with the font size matching the real-time training font size, and generate the current day's calligraphy template according to the initial template information. The initial template information includes font size, layout, and contrast, etc.

[0097] The current calligraphy practice book is either a paper version or an electronic version displayed on a digital tablet. The practice book includes the following: (1) Practice book cover: The practice book cover is used to indicate the font size and the institution to which the practice book belongs. (2) Selection of Chinese characters for the inner pages of the practice book: In order to ensure that the content of the practice book is suitable for visually impaired patients of all ages, common high-frequency characters are selected based on kindergarten reading materials and the compulsory education Chinese language curriculum standards. Commonly used Chinese characters for kindergarten and primary school students with the same complexity and stroke range as the visual acuity test index table of the practice book (such as "you" and "I" with 8-9 strokes) are selected to ensure that visual stimuli are repeatedly presented at a certain intensity. The layout of Chinese characters in the inner pages of the training book: the line spacing is ≥1.5 times the font height, and the column spacing is ≥1 times. Ensure that there is no interference from visual crowding effect between Chinese characters. In addition, the target stroke range can be matched according to the patient's education level, minimum tracing resolution and degree of visual impairment in different age groups. The target stroke range of the calligraphy training page must be the same as the target stroke range of the vision test index page. The calligraphy training page is constructed by retrieving characters with the real-time training font size and the number of strokes within the target stroke range.

[0098] Step 203-3: Position the trainee in a standard sitting posture, with the distance between the trainee's eyes and the tabletop set to a preset distance.

[0099] Step 203-4: Cover the trainee's healthy eye with an eye patch. Place the calligraphy model for the current day flat on the table. The trainee copies the model until all the characters to be copied are copied, thus completing the training for the current day. The trainee should use a fixed pen while copying to ensure that the strokes of the copied characters are of consistent thickness.

[0100] The training process for copying calligraphy is as follows: ① The trainee covers the eye with better visual function with an eye patch; ② Posture correction: The trainee uses a posture corrector to maintain a fixed distance between the calligraphy and the eyes during the training period; the distance between the desktop and the eyes during the training period is equal to the distance between the desktop and the eyes when the minimum visual recognition threshold is determined; ③ Use of designated pen: The trainee uses a black pen of a specified thickness for copying; ④ The training intensity is two pages of calligraphy copied per day, with a training time of approximately 30 minutes per day, and one training cycle is 15 days.

[0101] Step 203-5: Update the current day and return to step 203-1.

[0102] Following step 203-5, the training quality assessment process and adaptive adjustment mechanism are also included.

[0103] The training quality assessment process includes: determining whether the current day is the last day of the current training cycle, obtaining the first judgment result. If the first judgment result is yes, the current training cycle is considered complete. If the first judgment result is no, the training result image for the current day is obtained. The training result image includes all the characters copied by the trainee on the current day. The training result image is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed training result image. Preprocessing includes filtering and noise reduction. The preprocessed training result image is segmented to obtain multiple single-character copying images. The single-character matching score between each single-character copying image and the corresponding standard character image is determined. The average of all single-character matching scores is determined as the handwriting quality score for the current day. The real-time training font size for the first day of the current training cycle is equal to the minimum visual recognition threshold.

[0104] The program assesses the effectiveness of visually guided fine motor skills training, specifically evaluating the accuracy of calligraphy copying. Provided via computer-usable media, the program includes computer program code for implementing data processing methods, and specifically comprises the following steps:

[0105] (1) Image preprocessing and segmentation.

[0106] For paper-based training copybooks: Trainees take photos of the paper-based training copybooks and upload them after each day of copying, which are the training result images; the program system converts the training result images into processable images, namely multiple single-character copying images. The specific conversion process is as follows: the training result images are preprocessed by filtering and denoising, and the preprocessed training result images are clear and easy to segment; the preprocessed training result images are segmented into multiple single-character copying images containing a single Chinese character, which facilitates character-by-character processing.

[0107] For electronic CNC calligraphy practice sheets: Unlike the preprocessing method of paper-based training practice sheets, trainees write Chinese characters on the touch-sensitive panel using a CNC pen. The writing result can directly form a high-resolution image with low noise (i.e., the training result image). No further filtering and noise reduction processing is required before segmentation to obtain multiple single-character tracing images.

[0108] (2) Gray value difference calculation: When processing gray values, the system compares the gray value of each written stroke with the corresponding standard calligraphy model. Specifically, the similarity between the written stroke and the standard stroke is determined by calculating the difference in gray values ​​and the overlapping area between the two.

[0109] 1. Use grayscale values ​​to distinguish between the area of ​​written Chinese characters and the area of ​​Chinese characters in the calligraphy template.

[0110] Grayscale values ​​are used to distinguish the boundary between the user's writing area and the calligraphy example area. Otsu thresholding can be used for segmentation followed by binarization, and then morphological operations can be used to remove noise, resulting in binary images of the calligraphy example area and the user's writing area. These two areas will be used to limit the range of subsequent stroke extraction and matching.

[0111] 2. Stroke-level extraction method.

[0112] Skeleton extraction is performed based on the binary image of the Chinese character region in the calligraphy template. The endpoints, connection points, and bifurcation points are extracted using the cross-number method to generate a standard stroke set. Skeleton extraction is also performed based on the binary image of the user's writing region. The endpoints, connection points, and bifurcation points are extracted using the cross-number method to generate a user stroke set.

[0113] 3. Stroke matching and fit calculation

[0114] Based on the standard stroke set and the user stroke set, the degree of conformity between each stroke in the copied text and the corresponding standard stroke is determined for each single character tracing image.

[0115] 4. Fit rating.

[0116] Based on the degree of conformity between all strokes in the copied text and the corresponding standard strokes, a score is determined for the degree of conformity between each copied character image and the corresponding standard character image.

[0117] 5. The average score of all individual character fit is determined as the handwriting quality score for the current day.

[0118] (3) Fit and Evaluation: The evaluation score is generated based on the fit between the written Chinese characters and the standard calligraphy model, assessing the level of writing precision. The final score quantifies the quality of writing and is used to further analyze the user's fine motor skills. A higher fit score indicates better fine motor skills.

[0119] The adaptive adjustment mechanism includes: determining whether the font size reduction condition is met, resulting in a second judgment result. The font size reduction condition is that the handwriting quality scores for the current day and the preceding preset number of days all reach the font size reduction score threshold. If the second judgment result is yes, the real-time training font size for the current day is saved as the previous training font size for the next day, and the product of the current day's real-time training font size and the reduction factor is used as the real-time training font size for the next day. The reduction factor is less than 1. If the second judgment result is no, determining whether the font size restoration condition is met, resulting in a third judgment result. The font size restoration condition is that the handwriting quality scores for the current day and the preceding preset number of days are all lower than the restored font size score threshold. The restored font size score threshold is less than the font size reduction score threshold. If the third judgment result is no, the real-time training font size for the next day is set to be equal to the current day's real-time training font size. If the third judgment result is yes, determining whether the current day's real-time training font size is equal to the minimum visual recognition threshold, resulting in a fourth judgment result. If the fourth judgment result is yes, the real-time training font size for the next day is set to be equal to the minimum visual recognition threshold. If the fourth judgment result is negative, then the real-time training font size for the next day is set to equal the previous training font size for the current day. The font size reduction score threshold is 75. The reduction factor is 90%. The font size restoration score threshold is 30.

[0120] The system adaptively adjusts the calligraphy template content based on the handwriting quality assessment results. If the handwriting quality score reaches 75 points or above for three consecutive days, the system automatically adjusts the font size to 90% of the original size. If the handwriting quality score falls below 30 points during this period, the system automatically reverts to the previous font size, ensuring that the maximum font size does not exceed the minimum recognition threshold initially obtained in step 201. The system's adaptive adjustment method and standards can be set and controlled through the backend settings.

[0121] The trainee covers the eye with better visual function and trains only with the eye with impaired visual function. During the training, a posture corrector is used to fix the distance between the eyes and the tablet or paper calligraphy copybook. The trainee uses a special tablet CNC pen to trace Chinese characters on the tablet. The training is about 30 minutes a day, and one training cycle is 15 days.

[0122] Step 204: Perform visual function testing on the trainee's visually impaired eye to determine the evaluation training effect of the current training cycle. Determine the logMAR value of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity curve, and minimum visual recognition threshold of the trainee's visually impaired eye after implementing the training plan. The logMAR value of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity curve, and minimum visual recognition threshold of the trainee's visually impaired eye are used to evaluate the evaluation training effect of the current training cycle for the trainee's visually impaired eye.

[0123] Post-training – Training effectiveness was evaluated after one training cycle. The minimum visual recognition threshold was determined using the visual acuity test index page of the calligraphy template; visual acuity was assessed using the EDTRS standard visual acuity chart, and the result was the visual acuity logMAR value; contrast sensitivity was tested using the qCSF MATLAB program, and the result was the contrast sensitivity curve.

[0124] Step 205: Based on the evaluation of training effectiveness, adjust the initial calligraphy template information for the next training cycle.

[0125] After a training cycle is completed, visual function tests (such as visual acuity and contrast sensitivity) are conducted to evaluate the training effect. The minimum visual recognition threshold is obtained by retesting using the visual acuity test index page. Based on the test results and the minimum visual recognition threshold, the training plan and the initial calligraphy template information for the next training cycle are adjusted dynamically and individually.

[0126] Based on the patient's training accuracy and visual test results, the font size level and training plan are readjusted to achieve individualized dynamic adjustment of the intervention intensity: the minimum visual recognition threshold, the trainee's visual acuity logMAR value, and the contrast sensitivity curve are redefined. Based on the minimum visual recognition threshold, the trainee's visual acuity logMAR value, and the contrast sensitivity curve, the initial calligraphy template information for the next preset training cycle is adjusted.

[0127] Step 206: Update the current training cycle and return to step 202.

[0128] This application presents a visual acuity test index table for viewing calligraphy models at a fixed distance. The Chinese character sizes in the index table decrease sequentially from largest to smallest. Based on the minimum threshold character size information obtained from a pre-test, which indicates the visually impaired eye can distinguish, students undergo calligraphy model copying training at the corresponding threshold character size. During training, the relatively healthy eye is covered, and only the visually impaired eye is used for visually guided fine motor training (i.e., calligraphy model copying training). The goal is to achieve the closest possible consistency with the standard font during copying, and the distance between the eye and the calligraphy model during copying should be consistent with the distance between the eye and the visual acuity test index table when the minimum threshold character size information was determined in the pre-test (ensuring that training is always conducted at the minimum threshold that the patient's visually impaired eye can distinguish). The training duration and cycle can be adjusted according to the patient's visual condition (generally 20-40 minutes of training per day, with a training cycle of 15 days). After a phase of training, visual function tests are conducted to compare visual function indicators (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity curve, etc.) before and after training to quantify the improvement effect. The minimum threshold font size that the visually impaired eye can distinguish after training is also retested. Based on the visual acuity improvement obtained from the visual function tests, the training font size level is readjusted to develop a training plan for the next phase, achieving individualized and dynamic adjustment of the intervention intensity. In this application, visually guided fine motor skills are achieved through calligraphy copying. Its stable fixation requirements and continuous fine motor processes combine visual perception training with fine motor training, forming a closed-loop training method of "perception-movement-feedback." Younger children have a higher acceptance of writing tasks, making it highly feasible for families and providing a good foundation for compliance. The font size of the calligraphy copy is selected based on each trainee's own threshold, allowing each trainee to gradually train according to their visual abilities, avoiding visual overload or inefficient training. By quantifying the fit between the copied characters and the copybook, computer vision technology is used to evaluate the difference between the written image and the standard copybook image. This assessment method automatically generates a digital score, quantifying handwriting accuracy during training. The quantified fit assessment provides an objective standard, allowing users to understand their handwriting quality through actual numerical scores. Simultaneously, the training process employs an adaptive adjustment mechanism, culminating in a visual function test at the end of the training cycle. This design makes the calligraphy practice book more individualized and targeted, thus more effectively improving training results. This calligraphy practice book copying method can provide visually guided fine motor training for patients with clinical visual impairments (such as amblyopia) and improve their visual abilities. Furthermore, this method and tool are suitable for patients of various ages, from young children to adults, with high acceptability, high patient compliance, and home-based operation.

[0129] like Figure 3In another embodiment, a system for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function is provided. The system is applied to a touch-sensitive panel that receives user writing input. The user writes Chinese characters on the panel using a CNC pen. The software system within the CNC tablet intelligently evaluates the writing quality based on the writing results and adaptively adjusts the content of the calligraphy template accordingly. This system automates the "visual and motor input - evaluation feedback - adaptive adjustment" process of visually guided fine motor training.

[0130] The features and functions of the CNC flat panel software device include:

[0131] The minimum visual recognition threshold determination module uses a vision test index page to determine the minimum visual recognition threshold for the visually impaired eye of the trainee. The vision test index page displays multiple lines of text. Any two characters on the same line have the same font size. Any two characters on different lines have different font sizes. The vision test index page of a printed calligraphy template is imported into the touch-sensitive panel image display unit. Based on the pre-training visual function test and the vision test index table, the visual threshold of the trainee's visually impaired eye is tested to determine the initial font size. The initial font size is then transmitted to the calligraphy template module.

[0132] The current training cycle training scheme generation module is used to take the minimum visual recognition threshold as the initial training font size for the current training cycle, and generate a training scheme by combining the initial calligraphy template information for the current training cycle and the preset number of training characters per day.

[0133] The current training cycle's imitation training module is used to execute the training plan until the current training cycle ends.

[0134] The system receives information from the visual minimum recognition threshold determination module and imports Chinese characters from the training pages of a paper-based calligraphy template into the image display unit. Based on the initial character size information, the system can adjust the font size, contrast, and spacing between characters. In the current training cycle, the training characters in the tracing training module use a uniform font (e.g., regular script) with low contrast, and all training characters have equivalent complexity: characters trained on the same day have the same font size.

[0135] Contrast (commonly used in periodic images, raster stimuli, and visual research):

[0136] C = Imax - Imin / Imax + Imin.

[0137] Where Imax is the maximum brightness in the image or region; and Imin is the minimum brightness in the image or region.

[0138] Range: 0≤C≤1, the larger the value, the stronger the contrast.

[0139] The current training cycle tracing training module specifically includes: a current day real-time training font size acquisition unit, used to acquire the real-time training font size for the current day within the current training cycle; a current day font template generation unit, used to retrieve a preset number of characters with the real-time training font size from a paper font template or an electronic font library to be traced, and generate the current day's font template according to the initial font template information, including font size, layout, and contrast; a posture correction unit, used to ensure the trainee is in a standard sitting posture with a preset distance between the trainee's eyes and the desktop; a tracing training unit, used to cover the trainee's healthy eye with an eye mask, placing the current day's font template flat on the desktop, and having the trainee trace the current day's font template until all characters to be traced are copied, completing the current day's training; a fixed pen is used during tracing to ensure consistent stroke thickness in the copied characters; and a quality assessment unit, used to acquire the training result image for the current day and evaluate the writing quality. The training result images are preprocessed to obtain preprocessed training result images. Preprocessing includes filtering and denoising. The preprocessed training result images are then segmented according to the characters, resulting in multiple single-character images. A single-character fit score is determined for each single-character image. The average of all single-character fit scores is determined as the handwriting quality score for the current day. The training result images include all characters copied by the trainee on the current day. An adaptive adjustment mechanism unit determines the real-time training font size for the next day based on the evaluation results of the quality assessment unit. A current-day update unit updates the current day and calls the current-day real-time training font size acquisition unit.

[0140] The current training cycle training effect evaluation module is used to conduct visual function tests on the trainee's visually impaired eyes to determine the evaluation training effect of the current training cycle.

[0141] The initial calligraphy template information adjustment module is used to adjust the initial calligraphy template information for the next training cycle based on the evaluation of training effectiveness. This module determines the trainee's visual acuity logMAR value, contrast sensitivity curve, and minimum visual recognition threshold after implementing the training program. Based on the trainee's visual acuity logMAR value and contrast sensitivity curve, and the minimum visual recognition threshold re-measured according to the visual acuity test index table, the initial calligraphy template information for the next preset training cycle is adjusted. The trainee's contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity are tested before and after training, and the improvement in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity is analyzed to assess the improvement in visual function.

[0142] The current training cycle update module is used to update the current training cycle and call the current training cycle training plan generation module.

[0143] The effectiveness of visually guided fine motor training through calligraphy copying has been validated in children with amblyopia (age range 5-15 years, n=15) and adults with amblyopia (age range 25-31 years, n=5). Experimental protocol: Calligraphy characters at the visual threshold of the amblyopic eye were selected. The non-amblyopic eye was covered, and visually guided fine motor training was conducted only with the amblyopic eye (i.e., calligraphy copying training at the smallest threshold character size that the amblyopic eye could recognize). The distance between the trainee's eyes and the calligraphy was controlled and fixed using a posture corrector. A black carbon pen of specified thickness was used to copy the characters at the threshold character size. In this example, two pages of calligraphy were copied daily, taking approximately 30 minutes, for fifteen days. Visual function tests were conducted before and after the training. Training results are as follows: Figures 4-6 As shown, 15 days of visually guided fine motor training significantly improved the logMAR distance visual acuity (ETDRS chart) and logMAR near visual acuity (standard logarithmic near visual acuity chart) of children with amblyopia. Figure 4 Furthermore, this training method also shows significant improvement in adult amblyopia with lower visual plasticity. This is reflected in the significant improvement of logMAR distance visual acuity and logMAR near visual acuity of the amblyopic eye after training, and the CSF contrast sensitivity curve of the amblyopic eye is also significantly improved after training.

[0144] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0145] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function, characterized in that, include: Using the vision test index page, determine the minimum visual recognition threshold for the visually impaired eye of the trainee; The minimum visual recognition threshold is used as the initial training font size for the current training cycle. Combined with the initial calligraphy template information for the current training cycle and the preset number of training characters per day, a training scheme is generated. The training plan will be executed until the current training cycle ends; Visual function tests are conducted on the visually impaired eyes of trainees to determine the evaluation of training effectiveness for the current training cycle; Based on the evaluation of the training effect, adjust the initial calligraphy template information for the next training cycle; Update the current training cycle and return to the step "Use the minimum visual recognition threshold as the initial training font size for the current training cycle, and generate a training plan by combining the initial calligraphy template information and the preset number of training characters per day for the current training cycle". Specifically, executing the training scheme includes: Within the current training cycle, obtain the real-time training font size for the current day; In a paper calligraphy template or an electronic font library to be copied, a preset number of daily training characters with the same font size as the real-time training font are retrieved, and the current day's calligraphy template is generated according to the initial calligraphy template information; the initial calligraphy template information includes font size, layout and contrast. The trainee is seated in a standard sitting posture, and the distance between the trainee's eyes and the table is a preset distance; Blindfold the trainee's healthy eye, place the current day's calligraphy model flat on the table, and have the trainee copy the current day's calligraphy model until all the characters to be copied are copied, thus completing the current day's training; Update the current day and return to the step "Get the real-time training font size for the current day within the current training cycle".

2. The method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vision test index page displays multiple lines of text; any two characters in the same line have the same font size; any two characters in different lines have different font sizes.

3. The method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function according to claim 1, characterized in that, Using the vision test index page, determine the minimum visual recognition threshold for the trainee's visually impaired eye, specifically including: The trainee is seated in a standard sitting posture, and the distance between the trainee's eyes and the table is a preset distance; With the trainee's healthy eye covered by an eye patch, the vision test index page is placed flat on a table, and the trainee reads the text in the vision test index page. Obtain the accuracy rate of each line when the trainee reads the vision test index page; The font size corresponding to the line number closest to the preset accuracy rate is determined as the minimum visual recognition threshold for the visually impaired eye of the trainee.

4. The method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preset distance is 30cm; The preset accuracy rate is 50%.

5. The method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The training involves blindfolding the trainee's healthy eye, placing the current day's calligraphy model flat on a table, and having the trainee copy the model until all characters have been copied. After completing the training for the current day, the process includes: Determine whether the current day is the last day of the current training cycle, and obtain the first determination result; If the first judgment result is yes, then the current training cycle is determined to have ended; If the first judgment result is negative, then the training result image for the current day is obtained; the training result image includes all the text copied by the trainee on the current day; The training result image is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed training result image; the preprocessing includes filtering and denoising. The preprocessed training result image is segmented to obtain multiple single-character tracing images; Each character copy image was scored to determine the degree of similarity between the copied image and the corresponding standard character image in the calligraphy template. The average score of all individual character fit is used to determine the handwriting quality score for the current day.

6. The method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The real-time training font size on the first day of the current training cycle is equal to the minimum visual recognition threshold.

7. The method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function according to claim 6, characterized in that, After determining the average of all individual word fit scores as the handwriting quality score for the current day, the following is also included: Determine whether the condition for reducing the font size is met to obtain a second determination result; the condition for reducing the font size is: the handwriting quality score of the current day and the number of consecutive preset days before the current day both reach the threshold for reducing the font size score. If the second judgment result is yes, then the real-time training font size of the current day is saved as the previous training font size of the next day, and the product of the real-time training font size of the current day and the reduction factor is used as the real-time training font size of the next day; the reduction factor is less than 1. If the second judgment result is negative, then it is determined whether the condition for restoring the font size is met, and a third judgment result is obtained; the condition for restoring the font size is: the handwriting quality score of the current day and the number of consecutive preset days before the current day is lower than the font size score threshold; the font size score threshold is less than the font size reduction score threshold. If the third judgment result is negative, then set the real-time training font size for the next day to be equal to the real-time training font size for the current day. If the third judgment result is yes, then determine whether the real-time training font size of the current day is equal to the minimum visual recognition threshold, and obtain the fourth judgment result; If the fourth judgment result is yes, then set the real-time training font size for the next day to equal the minimum visual recognition threshold. If the fourth judgment result is negative, then set the real-time training font size for the next day to be equal to the previous training font size for the current day.

8. The method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The threshold for the number of characters to be reduced is 75. The reduction factor is 90%; The threshold for restoring the font size score is 30.

9. The method for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function according to claim 1, characterized in that, Visual function tests are conducted on the visually impaired eyes of trainees to determine the effectiveness of the current training cycle, specifically including: After implementing the training program, determine the visual acuity logMAR value, contrast sensitivity curve, and minimum visual recognition threshold of the trainee's visually impaired eye; the visual acuity logMAR value, contrast sensitivity curve, and minimum visual recognition threshold of the trainee's visually impaired eye are used to evaluate the training effect of the current training cycle of the trainee's visually impaired eye.

10. A system for visually guided fine motor training to improve visual function, characterized in that, include: The minimum visual recognition threshold determination module is used to determine the minimum visual recognition threshold of the visually impaired eye of the trainee using the vision test index page; The current training cycle training scheme generation module is used to take the minimum visual recognition threshold as the initial training font size of the current training cycle, and generate a training scheme by combining the initial calligraphy template information of the current training cycle and the preset number of training characters per day. The current training cycle imitation training module is used to execute the training plan until the current training cycle ends; The current training cycle training effect evaluation module is used to conduct visual function tests on the trainee's visually impaired eyes to determine the evaluation training effect of the current training cycle. The initial calligraphy template information adjustment module is used to adjust the initial calligraphy template information for the next training cycle based on the evaluated training effect. The current training cycle update module is used to update the current training cycle and call the training scheme generation module for the current training cycle. The current training cycle's imitation training module specifically includes: The current day real-time training font size acquisition unit is used to acquire the current day's real-time training font size within the current training period; The current day's calligraphy template generation unit is used to retrieve a preset number of characters to be copied from a paper calligraphy template or an electronic font library with the real-time training font size, and generate the current day's calligraphy template according to the initial calligraphy template information; the initial calligraphy template information includes font size, layout and contrast. The posture correction unit is used to put the trainee in a standard sitting posture, and the distance between the trainee's eyes and the table is a preset distance. The copying training unit is used to cover the trainee's healthy eye with an eye patch, place the current day's calligraphy model flat on the table, and have the trainee copy the current day's calligraphy model until all the characters to be copied have been copied, thus completing the current day's training. The current day update unit is used to update the current day and call the current day real-time training font size acquisition unit.

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