Organic fertilizer prepared by vinasse fermentation and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic fertilizer prepared by vinasse fermentation and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of agricultural resource recycling and fertilizer production. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of distillers' grains, 20-30 parts of animal waste, 10-20 parts of fruits under forest, 5-10 parts of brown sugar and 5-10 parts of plant ash. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, pretreating and crushing understory fruits, mixing and adjusting the water content, carrying out aerobic fermentation at a high temperature of 60-70 DEG C, turning piles, carrying out after-ripening aging and screening. The method has the advantages that high-valued utilization of waste such as vinasse and fruits under forest is achieved, eggs and pathogenic bacteria are thoroughly killed through high-temperature fermentation, the obtained fertilizer can remarkably promote deep pricking and development of crop roots, thick and strong main roots and dense fibrous roots, the wind resistance and rain resistance of crops are enhanced, the granular structure of soil is effectively improved, and the yield of crops is increased. The organic fertilizer is an efficient, safe and environment-friendly high-quality organic fertilizer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural resource recycling and fertilizer production, in particular to an organic fertilizer prepared by fermentation of vinasse and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture, the overuse of chemical fertilizers has led to problems such as soil compaction, acidification, reduction of organic matter content, and environmental pollution. Developing green and sustainable organic agriculture has become an inevitable trend, and organic fertilizer is a key input.

[0003] Vinasse is a major byproduct of the wine industry, rich in crude protein, crude fiber, amino acids, and various trace elements, and is an organic resource with great development value. However, fresh vinasse is highly acidic and perishable, and improper handling can cause environmental pollution. Currently, the common treatment methods are to use it directly as feed or simple composting, but its fertilizer efficiency is single, and insufficient fermentation may introduce weed seeds and pathogenic bacteria.

[0004] On the other hand, a large amount of secondary and residual fruits from orchards and under-forest economies are often discarded, resulting in resource waste. How to utilize organic waste such as vinasse and under-forest residual fruits in a high-value manner and develop a high-quality organic fertilizer that can improve soil and promote healthy growth of crop roots is a meaningful research direction in this field. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides an organic fertilizer prepared by fermentation of vinasse and a preparation method thereof, which solves the technical problems of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: an organic fertilizer prepared by fermentation of vinasse, prepared from the following raw materials by weight:

[0007] vinasse 40-60 parts,

[0008] animal manure 20-30 parts,

[0009] under-forest fruit 10-20 parts,

[0010] brown sugar 5-10 parts,

[0011] wood ash 5-10 parts.

[0012] Preferably, the animal manure is one or a mixture of several of cow and sheep manure, chicken manure, or pig manure.

[0013] Preferably, the under-forest fruit is secondary or residual fruit that naturally falls off, has poor appearance, and cannot be directly marketed and sold.

[0014] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Preparation: proportionally weigh the distiller's grains, animal manure, undergrowth fruits, brown sugar and wood ash;

[0016] S2. Pretreatment: crush the undergrowth fruits to obtain fruit pulp or fruit residue;

[0017] S3. Mixing: mix the distiller's grains, animal manure, undergrowth fruit treatment obtained in step S2, brown sugar and wood ash evenly, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55%-65% to obtain a fermentation base;

[0018] S4. Composting fermentation: stack the fermentation base into a strip pile compost and perform high-temperature aerobic fermentation. During the fermentation process, the temperature of the pile is controlled at 60-70°C by turning the pile, and the fermentation period is 30-50 days;

[0019] S5. After-ripening and screening: after the temperature of the pile naturally drops to the ambient temperature and does not rise again, the material is aged for 10-15 days, and finally screened to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the turning operation is performed when the temperature of the pile reaches 70°C, and the number of turning operations during the entire fermentation process is not less than 5.

[0021] Preferably, in step S3, the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted by adding water or evaporating water.

[0022] Beneficial effects

[0023] The application provides an organic fertilizer prepared by fermentation of vinasse and a preparation method thereof, and has the following advantages: resource recycling: the core raw material of the application is vinasse, a by-product of liquor making, and under-forest fruits, agricultural waste, which realizes the resource utilization and high-value utilization of waste, is low in cost and meets the development direction of green circular agriculture; complete fermentation and high safety: through scientific proportioning (red sugar provides a rapid-acting carbon source to accelerate the start, animal manure provides a nitrogen source and a microbial flora, and wood ash adjusts pH and provides potassium) and a strict high-temperature fermentation process at 60-70 DEG C, weed seeds, insect eggs and pathogenic bacteria carried in the raw materials can be effectively killed, the obtained fertilizer is high in rhizosphere safety and is not easy to cause soil-borne diseases and insect pests after application; remarkable root-promoting effect: humus, organic acids and various active substances generated in the fermentation can greatly improve the rhizosphere microenvironment and stimulate the growth of crop roots; crops applying the fertilizer show deep root penetration (up to 30-60 cm), thick main roots and dense fibrous roots, forming a strong absorption network; enhanced stress resistance of crops: the developed root system enhances the absorption capacity of crops to soil water and nutrients, makes the plants more robust and firmly rooted, thereby significantly improving the wind resistance, drought resistance and waterlogging resistance of crops; improved soil: the product can effectively increase the soil organic matter content, improve the soil aggregate structure, relieve compaction and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, providing a healthy basis for crop growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application are described clearly and completely, obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the application.

[0025] The application provides a technical solution: an organic fertilizer prepared by fermentation of vinasse, which is prepared from the following raw materials by weight:

[0026] Vinasse 40-60 parts,

[0027] Animal manure 20-30 parts,

[0028] Under-forest fruits 10-20 parts,

[0029] Red sugar 5-10 parts,

[0030] Wood ash 5-10 parts.

[0031] The embodiment is further provided that the animal manure is one or a mixture of several of the following: cow and sheep manure, chicken manure or pig manure.

[0032] The embodiment is further provided that the under-forest fruits are sub-fruit or residual fruit which naturally falls off, is poor in appearance and cannot be directly marketed.

[0033] The embodiment is further provided with the following steps:

[0034] S1. Preparation: weigh the distiller's grains, animal manure, undergrowth fruits, brown sugar and wood ash according to the proportion;

[0035] S2. Pretreatment: crush the undergrowth fruits to obtain fruit pulp or fruit residue;

[0036] S3. Mixing: mix the distiller's grains, animal manure, undergrowth fruit treatment obtained in step S2, brown sugar and wood ash evenly, and adjust the water content of the mixture to 55%-65% to obtain a fermentation base;

[0037] S4. Composting fermentation: stack the fermentation base into a strip pile compost, and perform high-temperature aerobic fermentation. During the fermentation process, the temperature of the stack is controlled at 60-70℃ by turning the stack, and the fermentation period is 30-50 days;

[0038] S5. Post-maturation and screening: after the temperature of the stack naturally drops to the ambient temperature and no longer rises, the material is aged and matured for 10-15 days, and finally screened to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0039] The embodiment is further provided with the following steps: in step S4, the turning operation is performed when the temperature of the stack reaches 70℃, and the number of turning during the entire fermentation process is not less than 5.

[0040] The embodiment is further provided with the following steps: in step S3, the water content of the mixture is adjusted by adding water or evaporating water.

[0041] The detailed connection means is a known technology in the art, and the working principle and process are mainly introduced below. The specific work is as follows.

[0042] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] Weigh 500 kg of distiller's grains, 200 kg of dry cow manure, 100 kg of crushed apple secondary fruits, 50 kg of brown sugar and 50 kg of wood ash. Mix all the materials with a mixer, and spray clean water during the mixing process to adjust the water content of the mixture to about 60%.

[0045] Stack the mixed materials into a strip pile with a height of 1.2 meters and a width of 2 meters. 48 hours after composting, the temperature starts to rise sharply. When the temperature at the center of the stack reaches 70℃, the first turning is performed. After that, the turning is performed whenever the temperature rises to 70℃, and the total number of turning is 6.

[0046] After the high-temperature fermentation stage lasts for about 35 days, the temperature of the pile begins to drop and stabilize. The material is aged (ripened) for 12 days. Finally, the material is screened by a drum screen to remove a small amount of incompletely decomposed woody impurities, and about 800 kg of organic fertilizer with uniform particle size, dark brown color and earthy aroma is obtained.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] 600 kg of vinasse, 250 kg of chicken manure, 150 kg of crushed pear residues, 80 kg of brown sugar and 60 kg of wood ash are weighed. After mixing, the moisture content is adjusted to 58% for compost fermentation. The fermentation process is controlled similarly to Example 1, the high-temperature period is maintained at above 60°C for about 40 days, the pile is turned over 7 times, and the ripening period is 15 days. After screening, about 950 kg of finished fertilizer is obtained.

[0049] Application tests show that, in the vegetable greenhouse, the application of the organic fertilizer prepared by the present application as base fertilizer has a high survival rate of crop seedlings, and the degree of root development is significantly better than that of the control group using ordinary commercial organic fertilizer. The whole growth period is vigorous, and the incidence of diseases and pests is significantly reduced.

[0050] It should be noted that, in this text, relational terms such as first and second are used merely to distinguish one entity or action from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between such entities or actions.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer obtained through fermentation of distiller's grains, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of distiller's grains 20-30 portions of animal feces 10-20 portions of understory fruit, 5-10 parts brown sugar 5-10 parts of wood ash.

2. The organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation of distiller's grains according to claim 1 and its preparation method, characterized in that, The animal excrement is one or a mixture of several of the following: cow dung, sheep dung, chicken dung, or pig dung.

3. The organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation of distiller's grains according to claim 1 and its preparation method, characterized in that, The fruit mentioned refers to naturally fallen, substandard, or damaged fruit that is unsuitable for direct market sale.

4. A method for preparing organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation of distiller's grains according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of materials: Weigh out the following ingredients in proportion: distiller's grains, animal manure, forest fruits, brown sugar and wood ash; S2. Pretreatment: Crush the understory fruit to obtain fruit pulp or fruit pomace; S3. Mixing: Thoroughly mix the distiller's grains, animal manure, forest fruit processing material obtained in step S2, brown sugar and wood ash, and adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 55%-65% to obtain the fermentation base material; S4. Composting fermentation: The fermentation base material is piled into windrow-type compost piles for high-temperature aerobic fermentation. During the fermentation process, the temperature of the pile is controlled at 60-70℃ by turning the pile. The fermentation cycle is 30-50 days. S5. Post-fermentation and screening: After the temperature of the pile naturally drops to the ambient temperature and no longer rises, the material is aged for 10-15 days and finally screened to obtain the organic fertilizer.

5. The method for preparing organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation of distiller's grains according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the turning operation is carried out when the pile temperature reaches 70°C, and the pile is turned no less than 5 times during the entire fermentation process.

6. The method for preparing organic fertilizer obtained by fermentation of distiller's grains according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted by adding water or evaporating water.