Large-inclination tunnel anchor main cable passing section secondary lining moving gantry and formwork system

Abstract

The application relates to a large-inclination tunnel anchor main cable passing section secondary lining moving gantry and formwork system, which comprises a track, a portal, a formwork and a jacking mechanism, the bottom of the portal is provided with walking wheels matched with the track; the formwork comprises a plurality of plate bodies, the plurality of plate bodies are spliced into the formwork; a plurality of jacking mechanisms are arranged along the outer periphery of the portal, and the two ends of the jacking mechanism are respectively hinged to the portal and the plate body. The application adopts the secondary lining moving gantry, which is simple in structure, convenient to install on site before use, convenient to disassemble and manage after use, and high in structural strength. Compared with full-frame support laying, the application uses the track as a moving base, so that the portal can move in the tunnel along the track, and the portal is connected with the formwork through the jacking mechanism, so that the portal and the formwork can move as a whole, the support erection and formwork installation time is reduced, the operation personnel are reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved. The formwork is high in integrity, and the concrete pouring quality is better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a movable platform and formwork system for the secondary lining of a tunnel with a large inclination angle where the anchor main cable passes through. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, secondary lining is a cast-in-place concrete or reinforced concrete lining built inside the initial support, forming a composite lining together with the initial support. Compared to the initial support, secondary lining refers to the inner lining constructed with concrete and other materials after the tunnel has undergone initial support. Its purpose is to reinforce the support, optimize the drainage system, improve the appearance, and facilitate the installation of communication, lighting, and monitoring facilities, thus meeting the requirements of modern highway tunnel construction. After the secondary lining construction is completed, the concrete needs to be covered and cured to prevent cracks or fissures from forming.

[0003] Taking the secondary lining construction of a suspension bridge tunnel anchorage as an example, the existing conventional secondary lining construction for steep-angle tunnel anchorages involves: after the secondary lining construction of the invert is completed, a full-span steel pipe scaffold is erected on the invert surface as a formwork support system for the secondary lining concrete pouring. After the secondary lining concrete is poured, one cycle of construction is completed. However, this method is only suitable for the secondary lining construction of variable cross-section sections of tunnel anchorages. The construction requirements for laying the full-span scaffold are high, the working space is limited, the construction efficiency is low, and the safety risks are high. At the same time, it cannot guarantee the construction quality of the secondary lining concrete of the tunnel anchorage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a movable platform and formwork system for the secondary lining of a steep-angle tunnel anchor main cable passage section, in order to solve the problem of low construction efficiency in related technologies.

[0005] Firstly, a movable platform for the secondary lining of a tunnel anchor main cable passage section with a large inclination angle is provided, which includes: track; A gantry, the bottom of which is equipped with wheels adapted to the track; A template, comprising multiple panels, wherein the multiple panels are assembled to form the template; Multiple top support mechanisms are arranged along the outer periphery of the gantry, with both ends of the top support mechanisms hinged to the gantry and the plate, respectively.

[0006] In some embodiments, the supporting mechanism is a jack or a lead screw; And / or, the gantry includes two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams, each set of horizontal longitudinal beams includes two upper and lower horizontal longitudinal beams connected by a vertical beam, and the upper horizontal longitudinal beam of the two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams is connected by a horizontal crossbeam; the traveling wheel is disposed on the lower horizontal longitudinal beam of the two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams; the top support mechanism is disposed on the vertical beam.

[0007] In some embodiments, the movable platform further includes a demolding system, the demolding system comprising: A heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire is located in the seam formed by two adjacent plates and is connected to the two plates. Electrodes are provided on the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire. A power source, which is connected to the electrodes via wires to form a heating circuit; Temperature sensors are arranged at multiple predetermined key nodes on the plate. A control device, which is connected to the temperature sensor and the power supply, adjusts the output power of the power supply according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

[0008] In some embodiments, the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire is a NiTiCu ternary alloy, wherein the mass fraction of nickel is 55%, the mass fraction of titanium is 43%, and the mass fraction of copper is 2%. And / or, the electrode is a copper-nickel alloy layer plated on the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire.

[0009] In some embodiments, the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wires are distributed in a rhomboid pattern on the end face of the plate; And / or, the bottom of the template is provided with a hydraulic auxiliary mechanism, which is connected to the control device.

[0010] In some embodiments, the heating circuit is connected to a current sensor; The control device is connected to the current sensor and is used to determine whether the heat shrinkable memory alloy wire is abnormal or whether the heating circuit is short-circuited based on the current fluctuation signal detected by the current sensor.

[0011] Secondly, a template system is provided, which includes: A template, comprising multiple panels, wherein the multiple panels are assembled to form the template; Demolding system, the demolding system comprising: - A heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire is located in the seam formed by two adjacent plates and is connected to the two plates. Electrodes are provided on the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire. - A power source, which is connected to the electrodes via wires to form a heating circuit; - Temperature sensors are arranged at multiple preset key nodes on the plate; - A control device, which is connected to the temperature sensor and the power supply, adjusts the output power of the power supply according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

[0012] In some embodiments, the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire is a NiTiCu ternary alloy, wherein the mass fraction of nickel is 55%, the mass fraction of titanium is 43%, and the mass fraction of copper is 2%. And / or, the electrode is a copper-nickel alloy layer plated on the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire.

[0013] In some embodiments, the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wires are distributed in a rhomboid pattern on the end face of the plate; And / or, the bottom of the template is provided with a hydraulic auxiliary mechanism, which is connected to the control device.

[0014] In some embodiments, the heating circuit is connected to a current sensor; The control device is connected to the current sensor and is used to determine whether the heat shrinkable memory alloy wire is abnormal or whether the heating circuit is short-circuited based on the current fluctuation signal detected by the current sensor.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include: This application utilizes a secondary lining mobile platform, which features a simple structure, facilitating on-site installation before use and disassembly and management after use, while also exhibiting high structural strength. Compared to laying full-span scaffolding, this application employs a track as a mobile base, allowing the gantry to move along the track within the tunnel. The gantry is connected to the formwork via a top support mechanism, enabling the gantry and formwork to move as a whole, reducing scaffolding erection and formwork installation time, minimizing manpower, and improving work efficiency. The formwork exhibits higher overall integrity, resulting in better concrete pouring quality. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a mobile platform provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of the mobile platform provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mobile platform provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a demolding system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Track; 2. Gantry; 20. Horizontal longitudinal beam; 21. Vertical beam; 22. Horizontal transverse beam; 3. Traveling wheel; 4. Template; 40. Plate; 5. Top support mechanism; 6. Heat shrinkable memory alloy wire; 7. Wire; 8. Temperature sensor; 9. Tunnel; 90. Invert arch. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment provides a movable platform for the secondary lining of a tunnel anchor main cable passage section with a large inclination angle. It includes a track 1, a gantry 2, a template 4, and a top support mechanism 5. Two tracks 1 are arranged. After the support construction in the tunnel 9 is completed, secondary lining concrete construction is carried out. After the concrete construction is completed, the track 1 is installed on the invert arch 90. The bottom of the gantry 2 is provided with traveling wheels 3 adapted to the track 1, so that the gantry 2 can move on the track 1 using the traveling wheels 3. The template 4 includes multiple plates 40, which are spliced ​​together to form the template 4. A splicing seam is formed between adjacent plates 40. Multiple top support mechanisms 5 are arranged along the outer periphery of the gantry 2, and the two ends of the top support mechanism 5 are respectively hinged to the gantry 2 and the plates 40.

[0021] This application utilizes a secondary lining mobile platform, which features a simple structure, facilitating on-site installation before use and disassembly and management after use, while also exhibiting high structural strength. Compared to laying full-span scaffolding, this application employs a track as a mobile base, allowing the gantry to move along the track within the tunnel. The gantry is connected to the formwork via a top support mechanism, enabling the gantry and formwork to move as a whole, reducing scaffolding erection and formwork installation time, minimizing manpower, and improving work efficiency. The formwork exhibits higher overall integrity, resulting in better concrete pouring quality.

[0022] Furthermore, the top support mechanism 5 uses a jack or a lead screw, which can be made from locally available materials.

[0023] The gantry 2 includes two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams 20. Each set of horizontal longitudinal beams 20 includes two horizontal longitudinal beams 20 connected by a vertical beam 21. The upper horizontal longitudinal beam 20 of the two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams 20 is connected by a horizontal crossbeam 22. The traveling wheel 3 is disposed on the lower horizontal longitudinal beam 20 of the two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams 20. The top support mechanism 5 is disposed on the vertical beam 21.

[0024] The above-mentioned frame structure can ensure the overall rigidity of the gantry while reducing the overall volume, thus allowing for easy movement.

[0025] Furthermore, to ensure the appearance quality of the concrete after demolding, this application also provides a demolding system, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 As shown, the demolding system includes a heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire 6, a power supply, a temperature sensor 8, and a control device.

[0026] A heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire 6 is located in the seam formed by two adjacent plates 40 and connected to the two plates 40. Electrodes are provided on the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire 6. Specifically, the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire 6 can be made of NiTiCu ternary alloy or other similar alloys. This example uses NiTiCu ternary alloy as an example, wherein the mass fraction of nickel is 55%, the mass fraction of titanium is 43%, and the mass fraction of copper is 2%. A superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wire with a diameter of, for example, 0.3 mm is pre-embedded in the seam formed by the two adjacent plates 40. The NiTiCu ternary alloy (55% nickel, 43% titanium, and 2% copper) has unique shape memory effect (SME) and superelasticity (SE) characteristics. It exhibits a martensitic phase at low temperatures and has high ductility; when the temperature exceeds the austenitic phase transformation temperature (As≈65℃), it rapidly transforms into the austenitic phase, producing a macroscopic shrinkage strain of about 8%. By precisely controlling the heating temperature, a controllable shrinkage of 0.1% to 8% can be achieved. Based on this controllable shrinkage, heating the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6 causes it to undergo a phase change and shrink. Under the action of the shrinkage force, the two plates 40 move relative to each other, thereby generating shear force and causing the plates 40 to detach from the concrete. During arrangement, the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wires 6 are distributed in a rhomboid pattern on the end faces of the plates 40. The spacing of the rhomboid grid can be set according to actual needs, such as 50mm. The length of a single heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6 is designed according to the template size; for example, a typical value is 1500mm.

[0027] It is understood that the electrode is a copper-nickel alloy layer plated on the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6, or other commonly used metal materials can be used as electrodes.

[0028] A power source is connected to the electrode via wire 7 to form a heating circuit. It is understood that multiple heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wires 6 can be placed at the seam. Each heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire 6 can be connected to a power source to form a heating circuit, or multiple heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wires 6 can be connected in series and then connected to a power source to form a heating circuit. These heating circuits constitute an electrode heating array.

[0029] Temperature sensors 8 are arranged at multiple preset key nodes of the plate 40. Specifically, temperature sensors 8 can be miniature thermocouples with an accuracy of ±0.5℃, and are pre-embedded at preset key nodes of the plate 40.

[0030] Among them, it can be seen that the splicing seams of several panels (e.g., 2 to 5 panels apart) are designated as key nodes.

[0031] The control device is connected to the temperature sensor 8 and the power supply. After the heating circuit is powered on, the electrodes on the surface of the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6 heat up, thus heating the wire 6. The output power of the power supply is adjusted based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 8. The control device uses a fuzzy PID algorithm to regulate the heating power, achieving precise control of the phase change temperature field. Specifically, the control device determines whether the phase change temperature of the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6 has been reached based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 8, and then controls the output power of the power supply by controlling its output current, thereby achieving precise control of the phase change temperature field.

[0032] This embodiment completely departs from traditional demolding methods. Instead, it utilizes the shrinkage force generated by the shape memory alloy during phase change shrinkage for demolding. By rationally arranging the density of the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wires 6 and using the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 8 for feedback, the phase change temperature field can be precisely controlled. This allows the shrinkage force of demolding to be evenly distributed, reducing the damage to the concrete caused by demolding and ensuring the appearance quality of the concrete after demolding.

[0033] Furthermore, since the shrinkage of the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6 is limited, for example, the NiTiCu ternary alloy can achieve a controllable shrinkage of 0.1% to 8%. For some concrete, demolding can be achieved within this shrinkage range, while for some concrete, demolding may not be possible within this shrinkage range. To overcome this problem, this application provides a hydraulic auxiliary mechanism, such as a jack or hydraulic cylinder, at the bottom of the template 4. The hydraulic auxiliary mechanism is connected to the control device. When the heat shrinkage of the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6 is insufficient to completely demold the template, the control device can be used to drive the hydraulic auxiliary mechanism to apply a demolding force to achieve demolding.

[0034] It is evident that setting a hydraulic auxiliary mechanism at the bottom of the template can compensate for the insufficient shrinkage force of the alloy wire in special working conditions.

[0035] Furthermore, during use, malfunctions or abnormalities may occur, such as the breakage of the heat-shrinkable shape memory alloy wire 6 or abnormalities in the heating circuit. In order to identify and provide timely warnings, this application adds a demolding state recognition algorithm based on deep learning, which makes judgments by analyzing signal characteristics.

[0036] Specifically, the heating circuit is connected to a current sensor, such as a Hall effect sensor or a current transformer; the control device is connected to the current sensor.

[0037] The control device compares the current fluctuation signal detected by the current sensor with a current fluctuation threshold to determine whether the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6 is abnormal or whether the heating circuit is short-circuited. If the current drops sharply when the alloy wire breaks or rises sharply when there is a short circuit, the resulting current fluctuation value is compared with the current fluctuation threshold. If the current fluctuation exceeds the threshold, it indicates that the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire 6 has broken or the heating circuit is short-circuited. Actual testing shows that the accuracy rate for determining alloy wire breakage can reach 99.2%, and the response time for determining heating circuit short circuits is reduced to 200ms.

[0038] It is understandable that the aforementioned current fluctuation threshold and gradient threshold can both be set manually.

[0039] Through the above settings, this application reduces demolding time from an average of 2.8 hours / cycle to 7.2 minutes / cycle (a 23-fold improvement), increases the frame turnover rate from 12 cycles per month to 65 cycles per month (a 4.4-fold improvement), and reduces personnel requirements per cycle from 15 people to 3 people (an 80% reduction). Furthermore, it eliminates high-altitude operations (traditional processes require 6 people for high-altitude demolding), eliminates the risk of mechanical injury (traditional processes average 1.2 equipment accidents per year), reduces dust exposure (demolding dust is reduced by 95%), and reduces unit concrete demolding energy consumption from 0.85 kWh / m³. 3 Reduced to 0.12 kWh / m 3 (85% reduction). CO2 emissions were reduced by 127 tons per kilometer of tunnel construction, and noise from demolding operations was reduced from 95dB to 68dB.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0042] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A movable platform for the secondary lining of a tunnel anchor main cable passing through a steep-angle tunnel, characterized in that, It includes: Track (1); The gantry (2) is provided with a traveling wheel (3) at the bottom of the gantry (2) that is compatible with the track (1). Template (4), which includes multiple plates (40), the multiple plates (40) are spliced ​​together to form template (4), and a hydraulic auxiliary mechanism is provided at the bottom of template (4). The hydraulic auxiliary mechanism is connected to the control device and can compensate for insufficient shrinkage force of heat shrinkage memory alloy wire (6) during demolding. Multiple top support mechanisms (5) are arranged along the outer periphery of the gantry (2), and the two ends of the top support mechanism (5) are respectively hinged to the gantry (2) and the plate (40); The movable platform also includes a demolding system, which comprises: - A heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6) is located in the splice seam formed by two adjacent plates (40) and is connected to the two plates (40). Electrodes are provided on the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6). - A power source, which is connected to the electrode via a wire (7) to form a heating circuit; the heating circuit is connected to a current sensor; - Temperature sensor (8), which is arranged at multiple preset key nodes of the plate (40); - A control device is connected to the temperature sensor (8) and the power supply. It adjusts the output power of the power supply according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (8). The control device is connected to the current sensor and is used to determine whether the heat shrinkable memory alloy wire (6) is abnormal and whether the heating circuit is short-circuited according to the current fluctuation signal detected by the current sensor.

2. The movable platform for the secondary lining of the steep-angle tunnel anchor main cable as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top support mechanism (5) adopts a jack or a lead screw; And / or, the gantry (2) includes two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams (20), the upper and lower horizontal longitudinal beams (20) of each set of horizontal longitudinal beams (20) are connected by a vertical beam (21), and the upper horizontal longitudinal beam (20) of the two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams (20) is connected by a horizontal crossbeam (22); the traveling wheel (3) is set on the lower horizontal longitudinal beam (20) of the two sets of horizontal longitudinal beams (20); the top support mechanism (5) is set on the vertical beam (21).

3. The movable platform for the secondary lining of the steep-angle tunnel anchor main cable as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6) is made of NiTiCu ternary alloy, wherein the mass fraction of nickel is 55%, the mass fraction of titanium is 43%, and the mass fraction of copper is 2%. And / or, the electrode is a copper-nickel alloy layer plated on the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6).

4. The movable platform for the secondary lining of the steep-angle tunnel anchor main cable as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6) is distributed in a rhombus shape on the end face of the plate (40).

5. A template system, characterized in that, It includes: Template (4), which includes multiple plates (40), the multiple plates (40) are spliced ​​together to form template (4), and a hydraulic auxiliary mechanism is provided at the bottom of template (4). The hydraulic auxiliary mechanism is connected to the control device and can compensate for insufficient shrinkage force of heat shrinkage memory alloy wire (6) during demolding. Demolding system, the demolding system comprising: - A heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6) is located in the splice seam formed by two adjacent plates (40) and is connected to the two plates (40). Electrodes are provided on the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6). - A power source, which is connected to the electrode via a wire (7) to form a heating circuit; the heating circuit is connected to a current sensor; - Temperature sensor (8), which is arranged at multiple preset key nodes of the plate (40); - A control device is connected to the temperature sensor (8) and the power supply. The output power of the power supply is adjusted according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor (8). The control device is connected to the current sensor and is used to determine whether the heat shrinkable memory alloy wire (6) is abnormal and whether the heating circuit is short-circuited according to the current fluctuation signal detected by the current sensor.

6. The template system as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6) is made of NiTiCu ternary alloy, wherein the mass fraction of nickel is 55%, the mass fraction of titanium is 43%, and the mass fraction of copper is 2%. And / or, the electrode is a copper-nickel alloy layer plated on the heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6).

7. The template system as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The heat-shrinkable memory alloy wire (6) is distributed in a rhombus shape on the end face of the plate (40).

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