Method for judging state of lead-acid storage battery

Abstract

The invention provides a method for judging the state of a lead-acid storage battery, and the method comprises the steps: judging that the state of the lead-acid storage battery is an inventory battery when the following conditions 1) and 2) are met at the same time: 1) the constant-current charging time T01 when the battery is charged from an initial charge state Q0 to a target charge state Q1 is lower than a reference time Tbase; and (2) after the constant-current charging is converted into the constant-voltage charging, the charging voltage of the battery is reduced in the constant-voltage charging process. According to the lead-acid storage battery state judging method and the charging method, whether the lead-acid storage battery is an inventory battery needing to be repaired or not can be accurately judged, and when it is judged that repairing is needed, repairing charging is conducted firstly, and damage to the lead-acid storage battery caused by direct charging can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of charging control for lead-acid batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, many electric bicycles use lead-acid batteries as their power source. When charging these batteries, their condition is unknown, making it impossible to determine if they have been stored for a long time. Directly charging these batteries can damage them. Therefore, a method for determining the condition of lead-acid batteries is needed to accurately identify whether the battery being charged is a long-term stored lead-acid battery. If so, it should be repaired first, and then normal charging should be performed after the battery has been repaired, thus avoiding damage caused by charging. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery. The method is characterized in that the lead-acid battery is determined to be a stock battery when both conditions 1) and 2) are simultaneously met. Condition 1) is the charging time T from the initial state of charge Q0 to the target state of charge Q1. 01 Below the baseline duration T 基 Condition 2) The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 .

[0004] Furthermore, the initial state of charge Q0 is characterized by the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the battery, the target state of charge Q1 is characterized by the target voltage U1, and the reference state of charge is characterized by the reference voltage U. 基 To characterize, condition 1) the charging time T of the battery from the initial open-circuit voltage U0 to the target voltage U1. 01 Below the baseline duration T 基 Condition 2) The initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the battery is lower than the reference voltage U. 基 .

[0005] Furthermore, when the lead-acid battery is not in stock, the charging process switches from constant current I to constant voltage charging when the initial open circuit voltage U0 is charged to the target voltage U1.

[0006] Furthermore, the reference duration T 基 The duration is between 3 and 30 minutes.

[0007] Furthermore, the reference charged state Q 基 It is between 75% and 95%.

[0008] Furthermore, condition 2 can be replaced by the following condition: [(U1-U0) / T] 01 Reference voltage difference ΔV 基01。

[0009] Furthermore, the reference voltage difference ΔV 基 Greater than 0.1V / min, less than 2.5V / min.

[0010] This invention also protects a charging method for a lead-acid battery, wherein the lead-acid battery is charged at a constant current, and the charging time T for the lead-acid battery to charge from an initial open-circuit voltage U0 to a target voltage U1 is specified. 01， When the charging time T 01 Below the baseline duration T 基 After switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage drops during constant voltage charging, and the system switches to repair charging.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes situations where the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the lead-acid battery is lower than the reference voltage U. 基 When needed, switch to repair charging.

[0012] Furthermore, the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the lead-acid battery is lower than the reference voltage U. 基 When, it is replaced by the following condition: when [(U1-U0) / T] 01 Reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 hour.

[0013] Furthermore, when the charging time T 01 Not less than the baseline duration T 基 When the constant current charging ends and the constant voltage charging ends, charging continues until the constant voltage charging is completed.

[0014] The method for determining the condition of lead-acid batteries of the present invention can accurately determine whether a lead-acid battery is a stock battery that needs repair. When it is determined that a stock battery needs repair, it is repaired and charged first, which can avoid damage to the lead-acid battery caused by direct charging. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0016] The present invention provides a method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery. When both conditions 1) and 2) are met simultaneously, the lead-acid battery is determined to be a "stored battery," meaning a battery that has been stored unused for a certain period and requires repair charging. Condition 1) is the constant current charging time T during which the battery is charged from its initial state of charge Q0 to its target state of charge Q1. 01 Below the baseline duration T 基Condition 2) After switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage decreases during constant voltage charging. The initial state of charge Q0 is characterized by the battery's initial open-circuit voltage U0, and the target state of charge Q1 is characterized by the target voltage U1. That is, condition 1) is the charging time T for the battery to charge from the initial open-circuit voltage U0 to the target voltage U1. 01 Below the baseline duration T 基 In condition 2), to avoid measurement errors, the reference amplitude ΔV of the battery charging voltage drop during constant voltage charging is used. 基幅 The requirements are that the settings can be reasonably adjusted according to the error accuracy. To avoid misjudgment, it is best that the battery charging voltage drop during constant voltage charging is greater than the set reference range ΔV. 基幅， That is, when the battery charging voltage drops more than the reference range ΔV during constant voltage charging. 基幅 Only when condition 2) is met, ΔV 基幅 The value should ideally be greater than or equal to 0.2V / piece and less than 1V / piece, for example, set to 0.2V / piece. If the measurement accuracy is sufficient, the reference amplitude ΔV may not need to be set. 基幅。 During constant voltage charging, the battery's charging voltage drops from U1 to U. 10， To avoid misjudgment, the magnitude of the charging voltage drop (U) is... 1- U 10 The value of ) should ideally be greater than 0.2V / piece.

[0017] To better determine the state of lead-acid batteries, condition 3) is also included: the initial state of charge Q0 of the battery is lower than the reference state of charge Q. 基 The reference state of charge is determined by the reference voltage U. 基 The initial state of charge Q0 is characterized by the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the battery, and the target state of charge Q1 is characterized by the target voltage U1, which means that condition 3) is that the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the battery is lower than the reference voltage U1. 基 When condition 3) is met simultaneously, the lead-acid battery is determined to be a stock battery.

[0018] To better determine the condition of lead-acid batteries, condition 3) mentioned above can be replaced by the following condition: [(U1-U0) / T] 01 Reference voltage difference ΔV 基01。

[0019] Adding condition 3) can reduce ΔV in condition 2). 幅 The set value is too small or ΔV is not set. 幅 Risk of misjudgment due to measurement accuracy errors.

[0020] The present invention discloses a charging method for a lead-acid battery, wherein the battery is charged at a constant current, and the charging time T during which the battery is charged from an initial open-circuit voltage U0 to a target voltage U1 is specified. 01，After the constant current charging is completed, it switches to constant voltage charging, when the charging time T 01 Below the baseline duration T 基 When the battery charging voltage drops during the constant voltage charging process, the system switches to repair charging; when the charging time T... 01 Not less than the baseline duration T 基 Alternatively, if the battery charging voltage does not decrease during constant voltage charging, after the constant current charging ends and the process switches to constant voltage charging, continue charging until constant voltage charging is completed.

[0021] Furthermore, in the first charging method for a lead-acid battery of the present invention, the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the battery is lower than the reference voltage U0 simultaneously. 基 When switching to repair charging; or when the battery's initial open-circuit voltage U0 is not lower than the reference voltage U 基 When the constant current charging ends and the constant voltage charging ends, charging continues until the constant voltage charging is completed.

[0022] Furthermore, in the second charging method of the lead-acid battery of the present invention, the condition in the first charging method of the present invention is that "the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the battery is lower than the reference voltage U". 基” Replace "[(U1-U0) / T" with the following conditions. 01 Reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 When [(U1-U0) / T] 01 Reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 When switching to repair charging; or when [(U1-U0) / T 01 Not greater than the reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 When the constant current charging ends and the constant voltage charging ends, charging continues until the constant voltage charging is completed.

[0023] The charging method for a lead-acid battery of the present invention charges the battery from an initial open-circuit voltage U0 to a target voltage U. 1， For constant current charging, constant current charging is constant current charging that charges at least one current magnitude.

[0024] To facilitate the determination of the state and charging of lead-acid batteries, this invention provides that when the battery is charged from the initial open-circuit voltage U0 to the target voltage U1, the target voltage U1 is preferably the voltage of the battery when the charging program switches from constant current charging to constant voltage charging.

[0025] Taking a 12V 20AH battery as an example, a three-stage charging procedure is used: constant current charging at 4A until the target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V / cell, then switching to constant voltage charging; and finally switching to trickle charging at the end of constant voltage charging. This invention provides a method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, do not set ΔV 基幅 The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 60%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.7V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 61%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 4 minutes, and the charging duration is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage decreases from U114.8V to U... 10 14.7V.

[0028] Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the battery charging voltage decreases during constant voltage charging.

[0029] These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, reference state of charge Q 基 Set to 80%, reference charge state Q 基 The corresponding reference voltage U 基 13.0V, no ΔV setting 基幅 The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 60%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.7V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 61%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 4 minutes, and the charging duration is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage decreases from U114.8V to U... 10 14.7V.

[0032] The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is 60%, which is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 80%. That is, the initial open-circuit voltage U012.7V is lower than the reference voltage U. 基 13.0V 。

[0033] Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the battery charging voltage decreases during constant voltage charging, and the initial state of charge Q0 of the battery is lower than the reference state of charge Q.基 These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 Set to 0.3V / minute, do not set ΔV 基幅 The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 60%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.7V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 61%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 4 minutes, and the charging duration is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage decreases from U114.8V to U... 10 14.7V.

[0036] The voltage difference of the battery per unit time [(U1-U0) / T] 01 The voltage difference is 0.52V / minute, which is greater than the reference voltage difference of 0.3V / minute.

[0037] Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the battery charging voltage drops during constant voltage charging, and the voltage difference per unit time during constant current charging is greater than the reference voltage difference.

[0038] These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0039] Example 4

[0040] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, do not set ΔV 基幅 The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 60%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.7V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 78 minutes, T. 01 >20 minutes; When the target battery voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 remains unchanged at 14.8V.

[0041] Charging time T 01 Baseline duration T 基 During constant voltage charging, the battery's charging voltage remains constant.

[0042] The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0043] Example 5

[0044] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, do not set ΔV 基幅， Reference state of charge Q 基 Set to 80%, reference charge state Q 基 The corresponding reference voltage U 基 13.0V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 60%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.7V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 78 minutes, T. 01 >20 minutes; When the target battery voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 remains unchanged at 14.8V.

[0045] The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is 60%, which is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 80%. That is, the initial open-circuit voltage U012.7V is lower than the reference voltage U. 基 13.0V 。

[0046] Charging time T 01 Baseline duration T 基 During constant voltage charging, the battery's charging voltage remains constant, and the initial state of charge Q0 is lower than the reference state of charge Q. 基 ; The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0047] Example 6

[0048] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, do not set ΔV 基幅， Reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 Set to 0.3V / minute When the voltage difference per unit time is less than the reference voltage difference, the battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 60%, and the initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.7V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the battery's target voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 78 minutes, T. 01 >20 minutes; When the target battery voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 remains unchanged at 14.8V.

[0049] The voltage difference of the battery per unit time [(U1-U0) / T] 01 The voltage difference is 0.02V / minute, which is less than the reference voltage difference of 0.3V / minute.

[0050] Charging time T 01 Baseline duration T 基 During constant voltage charging, the battery's charging voltage remains constant, while the voltage difference per unit time during constant current charging is less than the reference voltage difference. The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0051] Example 7

[0052] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 85%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 13.08V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 10 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.79V, a decrease of 0.01V, which is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V Although the charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， However, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is less than ΔV. 基幅 It was determined that the battery was not from inventory.

[0053] Example 8

[0054] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V, reference state of charge Q 基 Set to 80%, reference voltage U 基 Set to 13.0V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 85%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 13.08V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 10 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.79V, a decrease of 0.01V, which is less than ΔV.基幅 0.2V The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is 85%, which is greater than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 80%. That is, the initial open-circuit voltage U013.08V is greater than the reference voltage U. 基 13.0V 。

[0055] Although the charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， During constant voltage charging, the decrease in battery charging voltage is less than ΔV. 基幅 And the initial state of charge of the battery, Q0, is greater than the reference state of charge, Q. 基 The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0056] Example 9

[0057] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V, reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 Set to 0.3V / minute The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 85%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 13.08V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 10 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.79V, a decrease of 0.01V, which is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V The voltage difference of the battery per unit time [(U1-U0) / T] 01 The voltage difference is 0.17V / minute, which is less than the reference voltage difference of 0.3V / minute. Although the charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， During constant voltage charging, the decrease in battery charging voltage is less than ΔV. 基幅 And the voltage difference per unit time during constant current charging is less than the reference voltage difference. The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0058] Example 10

[0059] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V, The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 75%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.93V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 77%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 6 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.5V, a decrease of 0.3V. This decrease of 0.3V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基.， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅； These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0060] Example 11

[0061] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 20 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V, reference state of charge Q 基 Set to 80%, reference voltage U 基 Set to 13.0V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 75%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.93V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 77%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 6 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.5V, a decrease of 0.3V. This decrease of 0.3V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is 75%, which is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 ; Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基.， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅； Furthermore, the initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基。

[0062] These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0063] Example 12

[0064] Baseline duration T 基Set to 20 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V, reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 Set to 0.3V / minute The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 75%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.93V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 77%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 6 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <20 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.5V, a decrease of 0.3V. This decrease of 0.3V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; The voltage difference of the battery per unit time [(U1-U0) / T] 01 The voltage difference is 0.31V / minute, which is greater than the reference voltage difference of 0.3V / minute. Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基.， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅； Furthermore, the voltage difference per unit time during constant current charging of the battery is greater than the reference voltage difference.

[0065] These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0066] Example 13

[0067] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 30 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 75%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.93V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 77%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 6 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <30 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.4V, a decrease of 0.4V. This decrease of 0.4V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基.， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅 These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0068] Example 14

[0069] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 30 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V, reference state of charge Q 基 Set to 80%, reference voltage U 基 Set to 13.0V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 75%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.93V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 77%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 6 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <30 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.4V, a decrease of 0.4V. This decrease of 0.4V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is 75%, which is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 ; Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基.， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅， The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基。

[0070] These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0071] Example 15

[0072] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 30 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V, reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 Set to 0.1V / minute The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 75%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.93V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 77%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 6 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <30 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.4V, a decrease of 0.4V. This decrease of 0.4V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; The voltage difference of the battery per unit time [(U1-U0) / T] 01 The voltage difference is 0.31V / minute, which is greater than the reference voltage difference of 0.1V / minute. Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基.， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅， The voltage difference per unit time during constant current charging of the battery is greater than the reference voltage difference. These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0073] Example 16

[0074] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 30 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V The initial open-circuit voltage U0 is 13.08V; charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge Q1 is 86%, and the charging time is T. 01 It takes 10 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <30 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.78V, a decrease of 0.02V, which is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; Although the charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， However, the voltage drop during constant voltage charging is less than ΔV. 基幅。

[0075] The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0076] Example 17

[0077] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 30 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V, reference state of charge Q 基 Set to 80%, reference voltage U 基 Set to 13.0V The initial open-circuit voltage U0 is 13.08V; charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge Q1 is 86%, and the charging time is T. 01 It takes 10 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <30 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.78V, a decrease of 0.02V, which is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is 85%, which is greater than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 ; Although the charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， However, the voltage drop during constant voltage charging is less than ΔV. 基幅， Furthermore, the initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is greater than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0078] Example 18

[0079] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 30 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V, reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 Set to 0.5V / minute The initial open-circuit voltage U0 is 13.08V; charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge Q1 is 86%, and the charging time is T. 01 It takes 10 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 <30 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.78V, a decrease of 0.02V, which is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; The voltage difference of the battery per unit time [(U1-U0) / T] 01 The voltage difference is 0.17V / minute, which is less than the reference voltage difference of 0.5V / minute. Although the charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， However, the voltage drop during constant voltage charging is less than ΔV. 基幅， Furthermore, the voltage difference of the battery per unit time is less than the reference voltage difference. The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0080] Example 19

[0081] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 15 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 40%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.4V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 40%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 1 minute, and the charging duration is T. 01 <15 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.2V, a decrease of 0.6V. This decrease of 0.6V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅 These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0082] Example 20

[0083] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 15 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V, Quasi-charged state Q 基 Set to 75%, reference charge state Q 基 The corresponding reference voltage U 基 12.93V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 40%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.4V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 40%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 1 minute, and the charging duration is T. 01 <15 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.2V, a decrease of 0.6V. This decrease of 0.6V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is 40%, which is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 75%. That is, the initial open-circuit voltage U012.4V is lower than the reference voltage U. 基 12.93V 。

[0084] Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅，以及 The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基 These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0085] Example 21

[0086] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 15 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V, reference voltage difference ΔV 基01Set to 0.5V / minute The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 40%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.4V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 40%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 1 minute, and the charging duration is T. 01 <15 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.2V, a decrease of 0.6V. This decrease of 0.6V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; The voltage difference of the battery per unit time [(U1-U0) / T] 01 The voltage is 2.4V / minute, which is greater than the reference voltage difference of 0.5V / minute. Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the decrease in battery charging voltage during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅， And the voltage difference of the battery per unit time is greater than the reference voltage difference. These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0087] Example 22

[0088] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 15 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.3V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 40%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.4V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 The charging time is 138 minutes, T. 01 >15 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.76V, a decrease of 0.04V. This decrease of 0.04V is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.3V; Charging time T 01 Baseline duration T 基 During constant voltage charging, the voltage drop of the battery is less than ΔV. 基幅。

[0089] The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0090] Example 23

[0091] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 5 minutes, set ΔV 基幅=0.2V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 50%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.55V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 51%. The charging time is T. 01 2 minutes, charging time T 01 <5 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.55V, a decrease of 0.25V. This decrease of 0.25V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the voltage drop during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅 These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0092] Example 24

[0093] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 5 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V, reference charge state Q 基 Set to 75%, reference charge state Q 基 The corresponding reference voltage U 基 12.93V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 50%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.55V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 51%. The charging time is T. 01 2 minutes, charging time T 01 <5 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.55V, a decrease of 0.25V. This decrease of 0.25V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; The initial state of charge of the battery is Q0 at 50%, and the initial state of charge of the battery is Q 0小 At the reference charged state Q 基 75%. That is, the initial open-circuit voltage U012.55V is less than the reference voltage U. 基 12.93V 。

[0094] Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the voltage drop during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅，以及 The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is less than the reference state of charge (Q).基 These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0095] Example 25

[0096] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 5 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V, reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 Set to 0.5V / minute The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 50%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.55V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 51%. The charging time is T. 01 2 minutes, charging time T 01 <5 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.55V, a decrease of 0.25V. This decrease of 0.25V is greater than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; The voltage difference of the battery per unit time [(U1-U0) / T] 01 The voltage is 1.12V / minute, which is greater than the reference voltage difference of 0.5V / minute. Charging time T 01 <Base duration T 基， Furthermore, the voltage drop during constant voltage charging is greater than ΔV. 基幅， And the voltage difference per unit time of a battery under constant current charging is greater than the reference voltage difference. These are identified as batteries from existing stock.

[0097] Example 26

[0098] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 5 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 50%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 12.55V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 108 minutes, charging time T 01 >5 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.79V, a decrease of 0.01V, which is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; Charging time T 01 Baseline duration T 基， The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0099] Example 27

[0100] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 5 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 80%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 13.0V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 18 minutes, charging time T 01 >5 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.79V, a decrease of 0.01V, which is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; Charging time T 01 Baseline duration T 基 The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0101] Example 28

[0102] Baseline duration T 基 Set to 5 minutes, set ΔV 基幅 =0.2V The battery's initial state of charge (Q0) is 85%, and its initial open-circuit voltage (U0) is 13.08V. Charging begins at a constant current of 4A until the target battery voltage (U1) reaches 14.8V, at which point the target state of charge (Q1) is 86%. The charging time is T. 01 It takes 10 minutes to charge, and the charging time is T. 01 >5 minutes; When the battery target voltage U1 reaches 14.8V, it switches to constant voltage charging. During constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage U1 drops to 14.79V, a decrease of 0.01V, which is less than ΔV. 基幅 0.2V; Charging time T 01 Baseline duration T 基 The battery was determined to be a non-stock battery.

[0103] The reference duration setting of this invention can be reasonably set by the manufacturer according to the repair needs. The shorter the reference duration T is set, the more stringent the conditions for meeting the repair requirements are. It is generally believed that at a certain temperature, the shorter the reference duration T is set, the longer the battery needs to be stored in order to meet the repair requirements. Ideally, the reference duration T should be... 基 Set between 3 and 30 minutes.

[0104] The setting of the reference state of charge in this invention depends on the battery that the manufacturer deems unnecessary to repair. The smaller the reference state of charge value, the more stringent the conditions for repair. In other words, the battery must have a lower reference state of charge to meet the repair conditions. Ideally, the reference state of charge Q should be... 基 Set between 75% and 95%.

[0105] The reference voltage difference ΔV of the present invention 基01 Size setting, reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 The larger the value is set, the more stringent the conditions for repair are, meaning the voltage difference per unit time must be greater than the reference voltage difference ΔV. 基01 The longer a battery has not been used, the more likely it is to meet the repair requirements. The reference voltage difference ΔV of this invention... 基01 The setting should ideally be greater than 0.1V / minute, preferably greater than 0.3V / minute, ideally greater than 0.5V / minute, and less than 2.5V / minute.

[0106] The target voltage U1 of this invention can be the voltage during constant voltage charging, such as 14.8V, or it can be the voltage during other constant current charging processes, such as 14.4V, without affecting the achievement of the purpose of this invention.

[0107] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Other variations and modifications are possible without departing from the technical solutions described in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery, characterized in that, When both conditions 1) and 2) are met, the lead-acid battery is determined to be a stock battery. Condition 1) is the constant current charging time T during which the battery is charged from the initial state of charge Q0 to the target state of charge Q1. 01 Below the baseline duration T 基 Condition 2) After switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, the charging voltage of the battery decreases during constant voltage charging.

2. The method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The initial state of charge Q0 is characterized by the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the battery, and the target state of charge Q1 is characterized by the target voltage U1, condition 1) the charging time T of the battery from the initial open-circuit voltage U0 to the target voltage U1. 01 Below the baseline duration T 基 .

3. The method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the lead-acid battery is charged from the initial open-circuit voltage U0 to the target voltage U1, it switches to constant-voltage charging. During constant-voltage charging, the battery's charging voltage decreases from U1 to U... 10 .

4. The method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The baseline amplitude of the battery charging voltage drop during constant voltage charging is set as ΔV. 基幅， Condition 2) is that after switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, the voltage drop of the battery during constant voltage charging is greater than the reference range ΔV. 基幅。 5. The method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reference duration T 基 The duration is between 3 and 30 minutes.

6. The method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery as described in claim 2, characterized in that, This also includes condition 3) The initial state of charge (Q0) of the battery is lower than the reference state of charge (Q). 基。 7. The method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Reference state of charge Q 基 It is between 75% and 95%.

8. The method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Condition 3) can be replaced by the following condition: [(U1-U0) / T] 01 Reference voltage difference ΔV 基01。 9. The method for determining the state of a lead-acid battery as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 Greater than 0.1V / min and less than 2.5V / min.

10. A method for charging a lead-acid battery, characterized in that, The lead-acid battery is charged at a constant current, and the charging time T during which the lead-acid battery is charged from the initial open-circuit voltage U0 to the target voltage U1 is... 01， When the charging time T 01 Below the baseline duration T 基 After switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging, the battery charging voltage drops during constant voltage charging, and the system switches to repair charging.

11. A charging method for a lead-acid battery as described in claim 10, characterized in that, This also includes situations where the initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the lead-acid battery is lower than the reference voltage U. 基 When needed, switch to repair charging.

12. A charging method for a lead-acid battery as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The initial open-circuit voltage U0 of the lead-acid battery is lower than the reference voltage U. 基 When, it is replaced by the following condition: when [(U1-U0) / T] 01 Reference voltage difference ΔV 基01 hour.

13. A charging method for a lead-acid battery as described in any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, When the charging time T 01 Not less than the baseline duration T 基 When the constant current charging ends and the constant voltage charging ends, charging continues until the constant voltage charging is completed.