Method, system, and medium for quench detection of a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array

Abstract

The application relates to a quench detection method, system and medium of a magnetic sensor array-based reactor, the method comprising: acquiring a superconducting annular hollow reactor to be detected, the superconducting annular hollow reactor being provided with multiple superconducting coil groups, each superconducting coil group comprising multiple superconducting coils in parallel connection with each other; at a first distance from the center of the annular coil of the superconducting annular hollow reactor, a magnetic sensor is arranged at every certain angle, and the number of the magnetic sensors is matched with the number of the superconducting coil groups; according to the parameters of the superconducting coils and the positions of the magnetic sensors, an electromagnetic coefficient matrix is determined, and according to the magnetic field sizes measured by the magnetic sensors at different positions, the current sizes of the corresponding superconducting coil groups are calculated, so that whether a quench phenomenon exists and a quench position are determined. Compared with the prior art, the application realizes rapid detection and positioning of the quench coil, improves the fault detection and positioning efficiency, and reduces the fault loss.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric reactor detection, and in particular to a quench detection method and system for an electric reactor based on a magnetic sensor array and a medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] The increase in the cable ratio of urban power grids has highlighted the problem of insufficient inductive reactive power compensation. Adding shunt reactors is an effective solution to the problem of local reactive power consumption. However, existing conventional reactors have a large footprint and high noise, making them difficult to apply in the renovation of old substations with insufficient space. High-temperature superconducting shunt reactors apply second-generation high-temperature superconducting tapes to the working winding of conventional reactors, and are cooled to normal operating temperature (below 77K) by liquid nitrogen. By utilizing the characteristics of zero resistance and high current-carrying capacity of superconducting materials, the volume of the reactor is effectively reduced, the noise and winding loss are reduced, and the high-temperature superconducting shunt reactor has a good application scenario in old substations in urban areas.

[0003] The basic unit of the superconducting ring-shaped hollow reactor is a superconducting coil. Multiple superconducting coil units are arranged in a ring shape in the horizontal direction to form a phase winding of the reactor, and each coil unit is in a multi-path parallel mode in terms of electrical connection. For example, for a phase winding composed of 24 coil units, it can be in a four-path parallel mode (6 coils per path) or a two-path parallel mode (12 coils per path), etc. For example, the invention disclosed in CN119252594A discloses a compact three-phase superconducting hollow reactor, which includes a vacuum heat-insulating container containing a cooling medium, a vacuum heat-insulating shell, and a vacuum heat-insulating cover. The vacuum heat-insulating cover is provided with a plurality of hangers extending into the vacuum heat-insulating shell. The three-phase superconducting magnet is immersed in the cooling medium, and the three-phase superconducting magnet is composed of three single-phase superconducting magnets arranged on the plurality of hangers in a vertical stacking manner. The single-phase superconducting magnet is a coreless hollow structure. The low-temperature sleeve assembly has three groups and corresponds to the single-phase superconducting magnet one-to-one. Each group of low-temperature sleeve assemblies includes two low-temperature sleeves. The low-temperature sleeves extend from the outside of the vacuum heat-insulating cover into the vacuum heat-insulating shell. The end of the low-temperature sleeve outside the vacuum heat-insulating shell is connected to the power grid, and the end inside the vacuum heat-insulating shell is connected to the corresponding single-phase superconducting magnet through a current lead.

[0004] This ring-shaped hollow topology can effectively constrain the magnetic field and suppress spatial leakage. It can avoid inter-phase loss and eddy current loss caused by leakage.

[0005] However, if a superconducting coil in the superconducting ring-shaped hollow reactor loses superconductivity, the existing method cannot quickly detect and feedback this situation, resulting in feedback only after the failure is stopped, which increases the related losses. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art that the quench phenomenon in the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor cannot be quickly detected, and provides a quench detection method, system and medium for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array.

[0007] The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art that the quench phenomenon in the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor cannot be quickly detected, and provides a quench detection method, system and medium for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array.

[0008] A quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array, comprising the following steps:

[0009] An air-core reactor to be detected is obtained, which is provided with a plurality of superconducting coil groups, and each superconducting coil group comprises a plurality of superconducting coils connected in parallel.

[0010] A magnetic sensor is arranged at a first distance from the center of the ring-shaped coil of the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor at every certain angle, and the number of magnetic sensors is matched with the number of superconducting coil groups.

[0011] According to the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, an electromagnetic coefficient matrix is determined, and the current size of the corresponding branch superconducting coil group is calculated according to the magnetic field size measured by each magnetic sensor, so as to determine whether there is a quench phenomenon and determine the quench position.

[0012] Further, the number of magnetic sensors is not less than the number of superconducting coil groups.

[0013] The calculation equation of the current size of the superconducting coil group is:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula, ~ is a parameter in the electromagnetic coefficient matrix, which is determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, and n is the number of superconducting coil groups, I 1 ~I n is the current size corresponding to each superconducting coil group, b 1~ b n is the magnetic field size measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to each superconducting coil group.

[0016] Further, the number of magnetic sensors is not less than the number of superconducting coil groups-1, and the method further comprises obtaining the through-flow current of the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor I .

[0017] The calculation equation of the current size of the superconducting coil group is:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, ~ is a parameter in the electromagnetic coefficient matrix, determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the positions of the magnetic sensors, n is the number of the superconducting coil groups, I 1 ~I n is the current flowing through the superconducting coil group corresponding to each path, b 1 b n-1 is the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to the n-1 superconducting coil groups.

[0021] Further, the through-flow current of the superconducting toroidal air-core reactor I is measured by the Rogowski coil at the sleeve of the superconducting toroidal air-core reactor.

[0022] Further, each of the superconducting coil groups corresponds to a plurality of the magnetic sensors as redundant backup.

[0023] Further, the method further comprises setting a magnetic sensor in the superconducting toroidal air-core reactor for judging whether the change of the magnetic field is caused by external reasons.

[0024] Further, the method is provided with n+m magnetic sensors in the superconducting toroidal air-core reactor, wherein n is the number of the superconducting coil groups, and the magnetic field size measured by the n magnetic sensors determines the current flowing through the superconducting coil group corresponding to each path.

[0025] Based on the current flowing through the superconducting coil group corresponding to each path, the magnetic field calculation value of the positions corresponding to the remaining m magnetic sensors is calculated, and compared with the actual measured value of the magnetic field measured by the m magnetic sensors, the magnetic field deviation is calculated, and whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error is judged, if yes, it is considered that the change of the magnetic field is caused by external reasons.

[0026] Further, the judging whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error is specifically:

[0027] Suppose the maximum measurement accuracy error of the magnetic sensor B 1 B n is b 1 b n , take the magnetic sensor B 1B n the ranges of the magnetic field respectively are b 1± b 1~ b n ± b n , so as to calculate the corresponding current ranges of each superconducting coil group; further calculate the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m the ranges of the magnetic field respectively are b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max ]~ [ b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max ];

[0028] Suppose the maximum measurement error of the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m is respectively b n+1 ~ b n+m , if the measured value of the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m is outside the interval of b (n+1)min - b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max + b (n+1)min ]~ [ b (n+m)min - b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max + b (n+m)min , it is judged that the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error.

[0029] Further, the shell of the superconducting toroidal air-core reactor is a Dewar structure including an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and the magnetic sensors are distributed on the inner side of the inner cylinder, the outer side of the inner cylinder, the inner side of the outer cylinder and the outer side of the outer cylinder.

[0030] Further, the method adjusts the magnetic field size measured by the magnetic sensor according to the distribution position of the magnetic sensor, and specifically comprises:

[0031] For the magnetic sensor distributed outside the inner cylinder and inside the outer cylinder, the measured magnetic field size is adjusted according to the shielding rate γ1 of the inner cylinder, and the corresponding calculation expression is:

[0032] Bcal=Bmea / γ1

[0033] In the formula, Bcal is the adjusted magnetic field size, and Bmea is the measured value of the magnetic sensor;

[0034] For the magnetic sensor distributed outside the outer cylinder, the measured magnetic field size is adjusted according to the shielding rate γ1 of the inner cylinder and the shielding rate γ2 of the outer cylinder, and the corresponding calculation expression is:

[0035] Bcal=Bmea / γ1 / γ2.

[0036] Further, the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor adopts an upper and lower stacked arrangement mode and is provided with multiple layers of superconducting coils;

[0037] The magnetic sensor is arranged in multiple layers corresponding to the axis and detects the quench of each layer of superconducting coils.

[0038] Further, the number of layers of the magnetic sensor is greater than the number of layers of the superconducting coil, so as to serve as a redundant backup.

[0039] Further, the first distance is within the range of 0.8-1.2m.

[0040] Further, each magnetic sensor is uniformly distributed around the center of the ring-shaped coil.

[0041] The application also provides a quench detection system for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array, comprising:

[0042] A superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor to be detected, which is provided with multiple superconducting coil groups, and each superconducting coil group comprises multiple superconducting coils connected in parallel with each other;

[0043] A magnetic sensor arranged at a first distance from the center of the ring-shaped coil of the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor and at a certain angle interval, and the number of the magnetic sensor is matched with the number of the superconducting coil groups;

[0044] A processor for determining an electromagnetic coefficient matrix according to the parameters of the superconducting coils and the positions of the magnetic sensors, and calculating the current size of the corresponding branch superconducting coil group according to the magnetic field size measured by each magnetic sensor, so as to determine whether there is a quench phenomenon and determine the quench position.

[0045] Further, the number of the magnetic sensors is not less than the number of the superconducting coil groups;

[0046] The calculation equation of the current size of the superconducting coil group is:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, ~ is a parameter in an electromagnetic coefficient matrix, determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the positions of the magnetic sensors, and n is the number of the superconducting coil groups, I 1 ~I n is the current size of each superconducting coil group, b 1~ b n is the magnetic field size measured by the magnetic sensors corresponding to each superconducting coil group.

[0049] Further, the number of the magnetic sensors is not less than the number of the superconducting coil groups minus 1, and the processor further comprises obtaining the through-flow current of the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor I ;

[0050] The calculation equation of the current size of the superconducting coil group is:

[0051]

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, ~ is a parameter in an electromagnetic coefficient matrix, determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the positions of the magnetic sensors, and n is the number of the superconducting coil groups, I 1 ~I n is the current size of each superconducting coil group, b 1~ b n-1 is the magnetic field size measured by the magnetic sensors corresponding to n-1 superconducting coil groups;

[0054] The through-flow current of the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor I is obtained by measuring the Rogowski coil at the sleeve of the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor.

[0055] Further, the processor further comprises setting a magnetic sensor for judging whether the magnetic field change is caused by an external cause in the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor;

[0056] The processor is provided with n+m magnetic sensors in the superconducting toroidal air-core reactor, wherein n is the number of superconducting coil groups, and the magnetic field size measured by the n magnetic sensors determines the current size flowing through each superconducting coil group;

[0057] The magnetic field calculation value of the positions corresponding to the remaining m magnetic sensors is calculated based on the current size flowing through each superconducting coil group, and compared with the actual measured value of the magnetic field measured by the m magnetic sensors, the magnetic field deviation is calculated, and whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error is judged, if yes, it is considered that the magnetic field change is caused by external reasons;

[0058] The judgment of whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error is specifically:

[0059] Suppose the maximum measurement accuracy error of the magnetic sensor B 1~ B n is b 1~ b n , the range of the magnetic sensor B 1~ B n is b 1± b 1~ b n ± b n , so the current range flowing through each superconducting coil group corresponding to each superconducting coil group is calculated; further, the range of the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m is calculated, which is b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max ]~ [ b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max ];

[0060] Suppose the maximum measurement accuracy error of the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m is b n+1 ~ b n+m , if the magnetic sensor Bn+1 ~ B n+m The measured value is in [ b (n+1)min - b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max + b (n+1)min ]~ [ b (n+m)min - b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max + b (n+m)min If the magnetic field deviation is outside the specified range, it is determined that the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error.

[0061] Furthermore, the shell of the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor is a Dewar structure comprising an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and the magnetic sensor is distributed on the inner side of the inner cylinder, the outer side of the inner cylinder, the inner side of the outer cylinder, and the outer side of the outer cylinder;

[0062] The processor adjusts the magnitude of the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensors according to their distribution locations, specifically including:

[0063] For the magnetic sensors distributed on the outer side of the inner cylinder and the inner side of the outer cylinder, the magnitude of the measured magnetic field is adjusted according to the shielding ratio γ1 of the inner cylinder. The corresponding calculation expression is:

[0064] Bcal=Bmea / γ1

[0065] In the formula, Bcal is the adjusted magnetic field size, and Bmea is the measured value of the magnetic sensor.

[0066] For the magnetic sensors distributed on the outer side of the outer cylinder, the magnitude of the measured magnetic field is adjusted according to the shielding ratio γ1 of the inner cylinder and the shielding ratio γ2 of the outer cylinder. The corresponding calculation expression is:

[0067] Bcal = Bmea / γ1 / γ2.

[0068] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, the computer program being executed by a processor using the method described above.

[0069] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0070] (1) In this invention, a magnetic sensor is set at a certain angle outside the center of the ring coil in the superconducting ring hollow reactor, and each sensor corresponds to the superconducting coil group of the corresponding branch. The electromagnetic coefficient matrix is ​​determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, thereby determining the relationship between the magnetic field magnitude measured by the magnetic sensor at each location and the current magnitude of the corresponding ring coil group. The current change of the ring coil group at each location can be continuously detected. Combined with the change law of quenching of each ring coil group, the quenching coil can be quickly detected and located, improving the efficiency of fault detection and location and reducing fault losses.

[0071] (2) The present invention also considers that changes in the magnetic field caused by external factors will cause distortion of the quench detection results of this scheme. Therefore, it proposes to set up multiple additional magnetic sensors. After calculating the current range of each superconducting coil group according to the error range of the existing sensors, the measurement range of the additional magnetic sensors is calculated and compared with the maximum measurement accuracy error of the magnetic sensors themselves. This allows for accurate determination of whether the change in the magnetic field is caused by external factors, thus improving the accuracy of the quench detection of the present invention.

[0072] (3) In view of the influence of the Dewar structure of the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor on the magnetic sensor, the present invention corrects the magnetic field measurement values ​​of each part of the magnetic sensor in different regions, thereby further improving the accuracy of the quench detection of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0073] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensing array, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional magnetic field of a toroidal inductor winding and the position of a magnetic sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional magnetic field of a toroidal inductor winding with a timeout provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional magnetic field of a two-way timeout toroidal inductor winding provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the placement position of a magnetic field sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] In the diagram, 1 is the inner side of the inner cylinder, 2 is the outer side of the inner cylinder, 3 is the inner side of the outer cylinder, and 4 is the outer side of the outer cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0079] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be combined with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application to make a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0080] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0081] It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0082] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present application is usually placed, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0083] Herein, "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the implementation can be included in at least one implementation of the application.

[0084] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. can include one or more of the features. Moreover, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0085] In the description of the present application, the following terms are introduced as follows:

[0086] 1. Superconducting coil

[0087] A superconducting coil is an electromagnetic coil made of superconducting material that exhibits zero resistance and perfect diamagnetism (Meissner effect) under specific low-temperature conditions. Current can flow continuously without loss inside the coil, allowing it to carry extremely high current densities and generate very strong magnetic fields. It usually requires a complex low-temperature cooling system (such as liquid helium or liquid nitrogen environment) to maintain superconducting state, and is mainly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particle accelerators, nuclear fusion devices, power storage systems (SMES), and magnetic levitation transportation, etc. It is used in cutting-edge fields that require efficient strong magnetic fields or rapid energy management.

[0088] 2. Magnetic sensor

[0089] A magnetic sensor is a device that can detect the strength, direction, and changes of a magnetic field, and convert these magnetic signals into electrical signals. Its core working principle is mainly based on Hall effect, magnetoresistance effect, etc. Through sensitive elements such as Hall elements and magnetoresistance elements, it realizes magnetic-electric conversion. This type of sensor is widely used in the automotive industry, consumer electronics, industrial automation, etc. It is used to measure current, position, speed, direction, etc. Physical parameters, and is a key component for non-contact detection and precision measurement.

[0090] 3. Quench

[0091] Quench refers to the process of superconductor suddenly losing superconducting properties (such as zero resistance and perfect diamagnetism) when any parameter (temperature, magnetic field, or current) exceeds its critical value (critical temperature Tc, critical magnetic field Hc, or critical current Ic), and transitioning from a superconducting state to a normal state (ordinary conductor). This phase transition process will rapidly convert the huge electromagnetic energy stored in the superconducting magnet into heat energy, causing a sharp rise in local temperature, and may cause the cooling medium (such as liquid helium) to evaporate and vaporize violently, posing a threat to the safety and stable operation of the equipment.

[0092] Example 1

[0093] As shown in Figure 1 , the present embodiment provides a method for detecting quench of a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array, comprising the following steps:

[0094] S1: Obtain a superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor to be detected, which is provided with multiple superconducting coil groups, each superconducting coil group comprising multiple superconducting coils connected in parallel;

[0095] S2: At a first distance from the center of the ring-shaped coil of the superconducting ring-shaped air-core reactor, set a magnetic sensor every certain angle, and the number of magnetic sensors is matched with the number of superconducting coil groups;

[0096] Optionally, the first distance is within the range of 0.8-1.2m.

[0097] Preferably, each magnetic sensor is uniformly distributed around the center of the annular coil.

[0098] S3: According to the parameters of the superconducting coil and the positions of the magnetic sensors, the electromagnetic coefficient matrix is determined, and the current size of the corresponding branch superconducting coil group is calculated according to the magnetic field size measured by each magnetic sensor, so as to judge whether there is a quench phenomenon and determine the quench position.

[0099] Taking a four-way parallel mode as an example, at a distance of 1 m from the center of the annular coil, a magnetic sensor is arranged every 45°, as shown in Figure 2 .

[0100] The magnetic induction intensity from the center of the annular inductive winding to the eight sensors is shown in Figure 2 . It can be seen that in the area outside the coil, the spatial magnetic induction intensity decreases sharply, and at a distance of 1 m from the inductive center, the magnetic induction intensity is about 0.2 mT, indicating that the magnetic field is effectively constrained within the coil.

[0101] However, if one of the branches quench, the current decreases rapidly, even to 0.

[0102] As shown in Figure 3 , the magnetic field in the coil will decrease, especially in the direction of sensor No. 2, because sensor No. 2 is directly opposite the center position of the quench coil, followed by sensor No. 1 and sensor No. 3. The magnetic field outside the coil increases, and at the sensor position (1 m), the magnetic field intensity of sensor No. 1 and sensor No. 3 increases to 1.4 mT, which is 7 times that before quench; the magnetic field intensity of sensor No. 2 and sensor No. 4 increases to 1 mT, which is 5 times that before quench; the magnetic field of other sensors also increases to a certain extent, and the growth of sensor No. 6, which is directly opposite the quench coil, is the smallest, only 0.4 mT.

[0103] For the case of two quench and three quench, the case of two quench is shown in Figure 4 . The inductive winding magnetic field distribution presents different change rules. Therefore, by monitoring the magnetic field change caused by the quench of the coil, it can be judged whether the superconducting reactor exists quench.

[0104] As an optional implementation, for the coil winding n parallel case, at least n sensor is needed, and the current size of the superconducting coil group has a unique solution, so as to judge whether the specific coil branch quench.

[0105] The current flowing through each branch is respectively I 1 ~I n , the magnetic field of each sensor is b 1~ bn The can be calculated as follows:

[0106] (1)

[0107] In the formula, ~ is a parameter in the electromagnetic coefficient matrix, determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, n is the number of the superconducting coil group, I 1 ~I n is the current flowing through each superconducting coil group, b 1~ b n is the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to each superconducting coil group.

[0108] The parameters in the electromagnetic coefficient matrix are obtained by simulation calculation. For example, the electromagnetic matrix parameters in the case of a superconducting coil are calculated by simulation, and then the superposition method is used to calculate the case of multiple coils.

[0109] Therefore, according to b 1~ b n and s 11 ~s nn , the can be calculated I 1 ~I n , so as to determine whether a specific coil branch is quenched.

[0110] As an optional implementation, by combining the through current of the superconducting reactor I , that is, the sum of the currents flowing through each branch, only n-1 sensor magnetic fields are needed to calculate the current size of the n branches. I 1 ~I n and b 1~ b n The relationship is:

[0111] (2)

[0112] (3)

[0113] In the formula, ~ is a parameter in the electromagnetic coefficient matrix, determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, n is the number of the superconducting coil group, I 1 ~I n is the current flowing through each superconducting coil group,b 1~ b n-1 The magnetic field size measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to the n-1 superconducting coil groups.

[0114] The magnetic field size at the magnetic sensor can be calculated by the above formula I 1 ~I n , so as to determine whether the specific coil branch is quenched.

[0115] The current I can be measured by the Rogowski coil at the superconducting reactor sleeve, and the current and magnetic field signals can be transmitted to the computer in real time for analysis.

[0116] As a preferred embodiment, the number of magnetic sensors can be increased, and they are redundant, that is, if a magnetic sensor fails, another magnetic sensor can be used to replace it.

[0117] As a preferred embodiment, the number of magnetic sensors can be increased to determine whether the change in the magnetic field is caused by external factors, not by quenching.

[0118] Optionally, taking an n-parallel mode as an example, n+m magnetic sensors are arranged, wherein n sensors B 1~ B n The magnetic field at the remaining m sensors can be determined I 1 ~I n . Based on I 1 ~I n The magnetic field at the remaining m sensors can be calculated, and the calculated value is compared with the measured value. If the deviation is greater than the sensor measurement error, it is considered that the change in the magnetic field is caused by external factors, not by quenching.

[0119] The method for determining whether the deviation between the calculated value and the measured value is greater than the sensor measurement error is: assuming that the maximum measurement accuracy errors of the magnetic sensors B 1~ B n are b 1~ b n , and the range of b 1~ b n is b 1± b 1~ b n ± b n , the magnetic field at the magnetic sensor can be calculated according to formula (1)I 1 ~I n the range of b n+1 ~ b n+m , respectively, are calculated according to formula (4) b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max ]~[ b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max ]。

[0120] (4)

[0121] Assuming the maximum measurement error of the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m is b n+1 ~ b n+m , if the measured value of B n+1 ~ B n+m is outside the range of b (n+1)min - b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max + b (n+1)min ]~[ b (n+m)min - b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max + b (n+m)min , it is indicated that the deviation between the calculated value and the measured value is greater than the measurement error of the sensor.

[0122] As an optional implementation, as shown in Figure 5 , the shell of the superconducting toroidal air-core reactor is a Dewar structure including an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and the magnetic sensors are distributed on the inner side of the inner cylinder 1, the outer side of the inner cylinder 2, the inner side of the outer cylinder 3, and the outer side of the outer cylinder 4.

[0123] The magnetic sensor needs to be as close to the coil as possible, but it must be outside the coil, not inside. It must be attached to a sturdy object; otherwise, it may shake, causing changes in the electromagnetic matrix system and affecting the calculation of the branch currents I1~In.

[0124] The advantage of attaching it to the inside of the inner cylinder is that it's closest, but the disadvantage is that insulation issues need to be considered to avoid breakdown. The advantage of attaching it to the outside of the inner cylinder and the inside of the outer cylinder is that there are no insulation issues, as there is only a layer of stainless steel in between, and the attenuation is not significant. The disadvantage is that the Dewar interlayer is a vacuum, and it needs to be drawn from the vacuum interlayer, which may break the vacuum. The advantage of placing it on the outside of the outer cylinder is that it is easy to install and there are no insulation or vacuum breakage issues. The disadvantage is that there are two layers of stainless steel in between, so the attenuation is the most severe, and it is more susceptible to external interference.

[0125] Since the Dewar structure provides some shielding for the magnetic field, the magnetic sensors located on the outer side of the inner cylinder and the inner side of the outer cylinder need to be shielded by a layer of metal. Let the shielding ratio be γ1 (0 < γ1 < 1), and the measured value of the magnetic sensor be Bmea. Then, the Bcal used in formulas (1) and (2) is Bmea / γ1. The magnetic sensor located on the outer side of the outer cylinder needs to be shielded by two layers of metal. Let the shielding ratios be γ1 and γ2 (0 < γ1 < 1, 0 < γ2 < 1), and the measured value of the magnetic sensor be Bmea. Then, the Bcal used in formulas (1) and (2) is Bmea / γ1 / γ2.

[0126] As an optional implementation, the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor is arranged in a stacked configuration and has multiple layers of superconducting coils.

[0127] The magnetic sensor has multiple layers arranged along the axis, which are used to detect quenching of the superconducting coils in each layer.

[0128] For example, the magnetic sensor array can be arranged in three layers along the axis to detect quenching in each of the three phase coils. The number of layers can also be increased to provide redundancy; that is, if a magnetic sensor in one layer fails, another layer can be used as a replacement.

[0129] The following example uses a four-channel parallel configuration. Four sensor magnetic fields are needed to calculate the current in each of the four branches, thus locating the overrun coil. Let the current flowing through each of the four branches be... I 1. I 2. I 3. I 4. The magnetic fields of the four sensors b 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. I 1. I 2. I 3. I 4 and b 1.b 2、 b 3、 b 4 the relationship is:

[0130]

[0131] where s 11 ~s 44 determined by the coil parameters and sensor position.

[0132] Therefore, according to b 1、 b 2、 b 3、 b 4 and s 11 ~s 44 , the current of each branch can be calculated I 1、 I 2、 I 3、 I 4, so as to determine whether a specific coil branch is quenched.

[0133] Further, if the through-flow current of the superconducting reactor I , that is, the sum of the currents flowing through each branch, only three sensors are needed to calculate the current of the four branches. I 1、 I 2、 I 3、 I 4 and b 1、 b 2、 b 3 the relationship is:

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] Through the above formula, the current of each branch can be calculated I 1、 I 2、 I 3、 I 4, so as to determine whether a specific coil branch is quenched.

[0137] Further, the number of magnetic sensors can be increased to determine whether the change in magnetic field is caused by external factors, rather than quenching.

[0138] Taking a four-way parallel mode as an example, along the distance of 1m from the center of the toroidal coil, a magnetic sensor is set every 45°, a total of 8 magnetic sensors. Among them, 4 sensors B 1、 B 2、 B 3、 B 4 can determine I 1、 I 2,I 3、 I 4, four sensors are generally taken at intervals of 90°.

[0139] Based on I 1、 I 2、 I 3、 I 4, the magnetic fields of the remaining four sensors are calculated, and the calculated values are compared with the measured values. If the deviation is greater than the sensor measurement error, it is considered that the magnetic field change is caused by external reasons, not by loss of superconductivity.

[0140] The method for determining whether the deviation of the calculated value and the measured value is greater than the sensor measurement error is: assuming that the maximum measurement accuracy error of the magnetic sensor B 1~ B 4 is b 1、 b 2、 b 3、 b 4, the range of b 1、 b 2、 b 3、 b 4 is b 1± b 1、 b 2± b 2、 b 3± b 3、 b 4± b 4, according to formula (1) to calculate the range of I 1、 I 2、 I 3、 I 4, and according to formula (2) to calculate the range of b 5、 b 6、 b 7、 b 8, respectively[ b 5min , b 5max ]、[ b 6min , b 6max ]、[ b 7min , b 7max ] 、[ b 8min , b8max ]。

[0141]

[0142] Magnetic sensor B 5~ B The maximum measurement error of the magnetic sensor is b 5、 b 6、 b 7、 b 8, if B 5~ B The measured value of the magnetic sensor is outside the interval of b 5min - b 1, b 5max + b 1]、[ b 6min - b 2, b 6max + b 2]、[ b 7min - b 3, b 7max + b 3] 、[ b 8min - b 4, b 8max + b 4] interval, it indicates that the deviation between the calculated value and the measured value is greater than the measurement error of the sensor.

[0143] Embodiment 2

[0144] The embodiment provides a quench detection system of a magnetic sensor array-based reactor, comprising:

[0145] A superconducting annular hollow reactor to be detected, the superconducting annular hollow reactor being provided with a plurality of superconducting coil groups, each superconducting coil group comprising a plurality of superconducting coils connected in parallel with each other;

[0146] A magnetic sensor, arranged at a first distance from the center of the annular coil of the superconducting annular hollow reactor at every certain angle, the magnetic sensor being matched with the number of superconducting coil groups.

[0147] The processor is used to determine the electromagnetic coefficient matrix based on the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, and to calculate the current magnitude of the corresponding branch superconducting coil group based on the magnetic field magnitude measured by the magnetic sensor at each location, thereby determining whether there is a quenching phenomenon and determining the quenching location.

[0148] Taking a four-channel parallel configuration as an example, a magnetic sensor is placed at 1m from the center of the loop coil, every 45°. Figure 2 As shown.

[0149] The magnetic flux density from the center of the toroidal inductor winding to the eight sensors is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the magnetic field strength drops sharply outside the coil. At a distance of 1m from the center of the inductor, the magnetic field strength is approximately 0.2mT, indicating that the magnetic field is effectively confined within the coil.

[0150] However, if one of the current channels fails to quench, the current decreases rapidly, even dropping to zero.

[0151] like Figure 3 As shown, the magnetic field inside the coil decreases, especially in the direction of sensor 2, because sensor 2 is directly opposite the center of the quench coil. Sensors 1 and 3 follow suit. The magnetic field outside the coil increases. At the sensor locations (1m), the magnetic field strength of sensors 1 and 3 increases to 1.4mT, seven times the strength before quench; the magnetic field strength of sensors 2 and 4 increases to 1mT, five times the strength before quench; the magnetic fields of other sensors also increase to some extent. Sensor 6, which is directly opposite the quench coil, shows the smallest increase, only 0.4mT.

[0152] For cases of two-way overtaking and three-way overtaking, the case of two-way overtaking is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the magnetic field distribution of the inductor winding exhibits different variation patterns.

[0153] Therefore, by placing a magnetic sensing array inside and outside the superconducting reactor and monitoring the changes in the magnetic field caused by coil quench, it is possible to determine whether the superconducting reactor has quenched.

[0154] As an optional implementation, for the coil winding n In the case of parallel roads, at least n Only with a single sensor can the current magnitude of the superconducting coil group be uniquely determined, thus identifying which specific coil branch has lost quench.

[0155] The current flowing through each branch is respectively I 1 ~I n Then the magnetic field of each sensor b 1~ bn The available can be calculated as follows:

[0156]

[0157] In the formula, ~ is a parameter in the electromagnetic coefficient matrix, determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, n is the number of the superconducting coil group, I 1 ~I n is the current flowing through each superconducting coil group, b 1~ b n is the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to each superconducting coil group.

[0158] The parameters in the electromagnetic coefficient matrix are obtained by simulation calculation, such as simulating the electromagnetic matrix parameters of a superconducting coil, and then using superposition method to calculate the case of multiple coils.

[0159] Therefore, according to b 1~ b n and s 11 ~s nn , the current of each branch can be calculated as I 1 ~I n , so as to determine whether the specific coil branch is quenched.

[0160] As an optional implementation, by combining the through current of the superconducting reactor I , that is, the sum of the currents flowing through each branch, only n-1 sensor magnetic fields are needed to calculate the current of the n branches. I 1 ~I n and b 1~ b n The relationship is:

[0161]

[0162]

[0163] In the formula, ~ is a parameter in the electromagnetic coefficient matrix, determined by the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, n is the number of the superconducting coil group, I 1 ~I n is the current flowing through each superconducting coil group, b 1~b n-1 The magnetic field size measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to the n-1 superconducting coil groups.

[0164] The current I can be calculated by the above formula I 1 ~I n , so as to determine whether the specific coil branch is quenched.

[0165] The current I can be measured by the Rogowski coil at the superconducting reactor sleeve, and the current and magnetic field signals can be transmitted to the computer in real time for analysis.

[0166] Preferably, the processor further comprises a magnetic sensor arranged in the superconducting toroidal reactor for determining whether the magnetic field change is caused by external factors.

[0167] The processor is provided with n+m magnetic sensors in the superconducting toroidal reactor, wherein n is the number of superconducting coil groups, and the magnetic field size measured by the n magnetic sensors determines the current size flowing through each superconducting coil group.

[0168] Based on the current size flowing through each superconducting coil group, the magnetic field calculation value of the remaining m magnetic sensor corresponding position is calculated, and compared with the actual measured value of the magnetic field measured by the m magnetic sensors, the magnetic field deviation is calculated, and whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error is determined, if yes, it is considered that the magnetic field change is caused by external factors.

[0169] The specific method for determining whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error is:

[0170] Suppose the maximum measurement accuracy error of the magnetic sensor B 1~ B n is b 1~ b n , the range of the magnetic sensor B 1~ B n is b 1± b 1~ b n ± b n , so as to calculate the current range flowing through each superconducting coil group corresponding to each superconducting coil group; further calculate the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+mthe range of [0, 1], respectively, b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max ]~ [ b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max ];

[0171] Suppose the maximum measurement error of the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m is b n+1 ~ b n+m , if the measured value of the magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m is outside the range of [ b (n+1)min - b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max + b (n+1)min ]~ [ b (n+m)min - b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max + b (n+m)min , it is determined that the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset measurement error of the magnetic sensor.

[0172] Preferably, the shell of the superconducting toroidal air-core reactor is a Dewar structure including an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and the magnetic sensors are distributed on the inner side of the inner cylinder, the outer side of the inner cylinder, the inner side of the outer cylinder, and the outer side of the outer cylinder.

[0173] The processor adjusts the magnetic field size measured by the magnetic sensor according to the distribution position of the magnetic sensor, specifically including:

[0174] For the magnetic sensors distributed on the outer side of the inner cylinder and the inner side of the outer cylinder, the measured magnetic field size is adjusted according to the shielding rate γ1 of the inner cylinder, and the corresponding calculation expression is:

[0175] Bcal=Bmea / γ1

[0176] In the formula, Bcal is the adjusted magnetic field size, and Bmea is the measured value of the magnetic sensor.

[0177] For the magnetic sensor distributed outside the outer cylinder, the measured magnetic field size is adjusted according to the shielding rate γ1 of the inner cylinder and the shielding rate γ2 of the outer cylinder, and the corresponding calculation expression is:

[0178] Bcal=Bmea / γ1 / γ2.

[0179] Specifically, the magnetic sensor needs to be as close as possible to the coil, but must be outside the coil and cannot be inside. It must be attached to a solid object, otherwise it may sway, causing the electromagnetic matrix system to change, affecting the calculation of branch currents I1-In.

[0180] The advantage of attaching to the inner side of the inner cylinder is the closest distance, and the disadvantage is to consider insulation problems to avoid breakdown.

[0181] The advantages of attaching to the inner side of the inner cylinder and the outer side of the outer cylinder are no insulation problems, just one layer of stainless steel, and the attenuation is not obvious. The disadvantage is that the Dewar sandwich is a vacuum, which needs to be drawn from the vacuum sandwich, which may damage the vacuum;

[0182] The advantage of placing it outside the outer cylinder is easy installation, and there is no insulation and vacuum damage problem. The disadvantage is that it is separated by two layers of stainless steel, which has the most severe attenuation and is easily disturbed by the outside world.

[0183] Since the Dewar structure will have a certain shielding effect on the magnetic field, the magnetic sensor at the outer side of the inner cylinder and the inner side of the outer cylinder needs to consider the shielding effect of one layer of metal, and the shielding rate is γ1 (0<γ1<1). The measured value of the magnetic sensor is Bmea, and Bcal used in calculation formulas (1) and (2) is Bmea / γ1.

[0184] The magnetic sensor at the outer side of the outer cylinder needs to consider the shielding effect of two layers of metal, and the shielding rates are γ1 and γ2 (0<γ1<1, 0<γ2<1). The measured value of the magnetic sensor is Bmea, and Bcal used in calculation formulas (1) and (2) is Bmea / γ1 / γ2.

[0185] As an optional implementation, the superconducting ring-shaped air core reactor adopts an upper and lower stacked arrangement, and is provided with multiple layers of superconducting coils;

[0186] The magnetic sensor is arranged in multiple layers corresponding to the axis, and each layer of superconducting coil is detected for quench detection.

[0187] For example, the magnetic sensor array can be arranged in three layers in the axial direction, and each layer of superconducting coil is detected for quench detection. The number of layers can be increased, and each layer is redundant; that is, when a layer of magnetic sensor fails, another layer can be used to replace it.

[0188] Taking a four-way parallel mode as an example, one magnetic sensor is arranged every 45° along the distance of 1m from the center of the ring-shaped coil, and there are 8 magnetic sensors. Among them, 4 sensors B 1、B 2、 B 3、 B 4 can be determined I 1、 I 2、 I 3、 I 4, generally take four sensors apart 90 °.

[0189] Based on I 1、 I 2、 I 3、 I 4, the remaining four sensors magnetic field, the calculated value and the measured value are compared, if the deviation is greater than the sensor measurement error, it is considered that the magnetic field changes due to external reasons, not the loss of superconductivity caused.

[0190] The method of determining whether the deviation of the calculated value and the measured value is greater than the sensor measurement error is: assuming that the magnetic sensor B 1~ B 4 maximum measurement accuracy error is b 1、 b 2、 b 3、 b 4, take b 1、 b 2、 b 3、 b 4 range is b 1± b 1、 b 2± b 2、 b 3± b 3、 b 4± b 4, according to formula (1) to calculate the range of I 1、 I 2、 I 3、 I 4, and according to formula (2) to calculate the range of b 5、 b 6、 b 7、 b 8 is[ b 5min , b 5max ]、[ b 6min , b 6max ]、[ b7min , b 7max ] 、[ b 8min , b 8max ]。

[0191]

[0192] Assuming magnetic sensor B 5~ B 8 the maximum measurement accuracy error of b 5、 b 6、 b 7、 b 8, if B 5~ B 8 the measured value is outside the interval b 5min - b 1, b 5max + b 1]、[ b 6min - b 2, b 6max + b 2]、[ b 7min - b 3, b 7max + b 3] 、[ b 8min - b 4, b 8max + b 4] interval, it means that the deviation between the calculated value and the measured value is greater than the sensor measurement error.

[0193] The functions described above in this document can be performed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation, exemplary types of hardware logic components that can be used include: field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), etc.

[0194] The functions described above in the detailed description of embodiments of the present application can be implemented as computer program code that is executed by a processor or control unit of a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to perform the functions of the methods of the present application as described in the detailed description of embodiments of the present application. The computer program code can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java®, Smalltalk, C++, or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as C, assembly language, or the like. The computer program code can be provided to a processor or control unit of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, whether the computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus is considered a general purpose computer or a specific purpose computer to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce the functions / operations specified in the flow diagrams and / or block diagrams of the embodiments of the present application as described in the detailed description of embodiments of the present application. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor or control unit of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce the functions / operations specified in the flow diagrams and / or block diagrams of the embodiments of the present application as described in the detailed description of embodiments of the present application. The computer program code can execute entirely on a user's computer, entirely on a remote computer, or across both, to produce a combination of the operations specified in the flow diagrams and / or block diagrams of the embodiments of the present application as described in the detailed description of embodiments of the present application.

[0195] Embodiment 3

[0196] The embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by a processor to perform the quench detection method of the magnetic sensor array based reactor according to the embodiment 1.

[0197] In the context of the present application, a computer readable storage medium can be a tangible medium which can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer readable storage medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus or device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0198] More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium can include one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard drives, random access memories (RAM), read-only memories (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disc read-only memories, optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0199] Embodiment 4

[0200] The embodiment provides an electronic device, which includes a central processing unit (CPU) that can perform various appropriate actions and processes in accordance with computer program instructions stored in a read-only memory (ROM) or computer program instructions loaded from a storage unit into a random access memory (RAM). In the RAM, various programs and data required for device operation can also be stored. The CPU, ROM, and RAM are connected to each other through a bus. An input / output (I / O) interface is also connected to the bus.

[0201] A plurality of components in the device are connected to the I / O interface, including: an input unit, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit, such as various types of displays, a speaker, etc.; a storage unit, such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit allows the device to exchange information / data with other devices through a computer network, such as the Internet, and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0202] The processing unit executes the various methods and processes described above, such as the method steps S1-S3 of the present application. For example, in some embodiments, the method steps S1-S3 of the present application can be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly embodied in a computer readable storage medium, such as the storage unit.

[0203] In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program can be loaded and / or installed onto the device via the ROM and / or the communication unit. When the computer program is loaded onto the RAM and executed by the CPU, one or more of the method steps S1-S3 of the present application described above can be executed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the CPU can be configured, by way of firmware for example, to execute the method steps S1-S3 of the present application.

[0204] Those skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROMs, optical storage media, etc.) having computer usable program code embodied therein. The solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in various computer languages, such as the object-oriented programming language Java and the interpreted scripting language JavaScript, etc.

[0205] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, device (system), and computer program product according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as a combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus generate a means for implementing the functions specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 The means for implementing the functions of one or more flows and / or blocks Figure 1 The means for implementing the functions of one or more flows and / or blocks

[0206] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the Figure 1 function specified in the flow or flows and / or blocks Figure 1 of the block or blocks.

[0207] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions that are executed on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the Figure 1 function specified in the flow or flows and / or blocks Figure 1 of the block or blocks.

[0208] Although preferred embodiments of the application have been described herein, substitutions and alterations are possible in view of the disclosure of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including all such alternatives and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, the application is not to be limited by the above description and examples, but is instead to be defined by the appended claims, including the full scope of equivalents thereof.

[0209] Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present application are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the application can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

Claims

1. A quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The superconducting toroidal hollow reactor to be tested is obtained. The superconducting toroidal hollow reactor is equipped with multiple superconducting coil groups, each of which includes multiple superconducting coils connected in parallel. At a first distance from the center of the toroidal coil of the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor, a magnetic sensor is set at regular intervals, and the magnetic sensor is matched with the number of paths of the superconducting coil group. Based on the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, the electromagnetic coefficient matrix is ​​determined, and the current magnitude of the corresponding branch superconducting coil group is calculated based on the magnetic field magnitude measured by the magnetic sensor at each location, thereby determining whether there is a quenching phenomenon and determining the quenching location. Each of the magnetic sensors is evenly distributed around the center of the annular coil; The method also includes installing a magnetic sensor inside the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor to determine whether the change in the magnetic field is caused by external factors. The method describes a superconducting toroidal hollow reactor containing n+m magnetic sensors, where n is the number of superconducting coil groups. The magnitude of the current flowing through each superconducting coil group is determined by measuring the magnetic field magnitudes of the n magnetic sensors. Based on the magnitude of the current flowing through each superconducting coil group, the calculated magnetic field values ​​at the corresponding positions of the remaining m magnetic sensors are calculated and compared with the actual measured magnetic field values ​​obtained by the m magnetic sensors. The magnetic field deviation is calculated, and it is determined whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error. If so, it is considered that the change in magnetic field is caused by external factors. The specific steps for determining whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error are as follows: Assuming a magnetic sensor B 1~ B n The maximum measurement accuracy errors are respectively b 1~ b n magnetic sensor B 1~ B n The ranges are respectively b 1± b 1~ b n ± b n This allows for the calculation of the current range flowing through each superconducting coil group; further, the magnetic sensor's current range can be calculated. B n+1 ~ B n+m The ranges are respectively [ b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max ]~ [ b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max ]; Assuming a magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m The maximum measurement accuracy errors are respectively b n+1 ~ b n+m If magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m The measured value is in [ b (n+1)min - b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max + b (n+1)min ]~ [ b (n+m)min - b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max + b (n+m)min If the magnetic field deviation is outside the specified range, it is determined that the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error.

2. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of magnetic sensors is not less than the number of channels in the superconducting coil group; The equation for calculating the current magnitude of the superconducting coil assembly is as follows: In the formula, ~ The parameters within the electromagnetic coefficient matrix are determined by the parameters of the superconducting coils and the position of the magnetic sensor, where n is the number of paths in the superconducting coil group. I 1 ~I n The magnitude of the current flowing through each superconducting coil group. b 1~ b n The magnitude of the magnetic field is measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to each superconducting coil group.

3. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of magnetic sensors is not less than the number of channels of the superconducting coil group minus 1. The method also includes obtaining the current flowing through the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor. I ; The equation for calculating the current magnitude of the superconducting coil assembly is as follows: In the formula, ~ The parameters within the electromagnetic coefficient matrix are determined by the parameters of the superconducting coils and the position of the magnetic sensor, where n is the number of paths in the superconducting coil group. I 1 ~I n The magnitude of the current flowing through each superconducting coil group. b 1~ b n-1 The magnitude of the magnetic field is measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to the n-1 superconducting coil group.

4. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The superconducting toroidal hollow reactor has a current carrying capacity of 100%. I The measurements were obtained through the Rogowski coil at the bushing of the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor.

5. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each superconducting coil group corresponds to multiple magnetic sensors as redundancy.

6. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell of the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor is a Dewar structure, consisting of an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The magnetic sensors are distributed on the inner side of the inner cylinder, the outer side of the inner cylinder, the inner side of the outer cylinder, and the outer side of the outer cylinder.

7. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method adjusts the magnitude of the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensors according to their distribution locations, specifically including: For the magnetic sensors distributed on the outer side of the inner cylinder and the inner side of the outer cylinder, the magnitude of the measured magnetic field is adjusted according to the shielding ratio γ1 of the inner cylinder. The corresponding calculation expression is: Bcal=Bmea / γ1 In the formula, Bcal is the adjusted magnetic field size, and Bmea is the measured value of the magnetic sensor. For the magnetic sensors distributed on the outer side of the outer cylinder, the magnitude of the measured magnetic field is adjusted according to the shielding ratio γ1 of the inner cylinder and the shielding ratio γ2 of the outer cylinder. The corresponding calculation expression is: Bcal = Bmea / γ1 / γ2.

8. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting toroidal hollow reactor is arranged in a stacked manner and has multiple layers of superconducting coils; The magnetic sensor has multiple layers arranged along the axis, and each layer of superconducting coils is used to detect quenching failure.

9. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic sensor is arranged in more layers than the superconducting coil, as a redundancy backup.

10. The quench detection method for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first distance is within the range of 0.8-1.2m.

11. A quench detection system for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array, characterized in that, include: The superconducting toroidal hollow reactor to be tested is equipped with multiple superconducting coil groups, each of which includes multiple superconducting coils connected in parallel. A magnetic sensor is set at a first distance from the center of the ring coil of the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor at regular angle intervals, and the number of magnetic sensors is matched with the number of circuits of the superconducting coil group. The processor is used to determine the electromagnetic coefficient matrix based on the parameters of the superconducting coil and the position of the magnetic sensor, and to calculate the current of the corresponding branch superconducting coil group based on the magnetic field magnitude measured by the magnetic sensor at each location, thereby determining whether there is a loss of quench and determining the location of the loss of quench. The processor also includes a magnetic sensor installed inside the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor to determine whether the change in the magnetic field is caused by an external factor. The processor is equipped with n+m magnetic sensors inside the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor, where n is the number of superconducting coil groups. The magnitude of the current flowing through each superconducting coil group is determined by measuring the magnetic field magnitude through the n magnetic sensors. Based on the magnitude of the current flowing through each superconducting coil group, the calculated magnetic field values ​​at the corresponding positions of the remaining m magnetic sensors are calculated and compared with the actual measured magnetic field values ​​obtained by the m magnetic sensors. The magnetic field deviation is calculated, and it is determined whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error. If so, it is considered that the change in magnetic field is caused by external factors. The specific steps for determining whether the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error are as follows: Assuming a magnetic sensor B 1~ B n The maximum measurement accuracy errors are respectively b 1~ b n magnetic sensor B 1~ B n The ranges are respectively b 1± b 1~ b n ± b n This allows for the calculation of the current range flowing through each superconducting coil group; further, the magnetic sensor's current range can be calculated. B n+1 ~ B n+m The ranges are respectively [ b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max ]~ [ b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max ]; Assuming a magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m The maximum measurement accuracy errors are respectively b n+1 ~ b n+m If magnetic sensor B n+1 ~ B n+m The measured value is in [ b (n+1)min - b (n+1)min , b (n+1)max + b (n+1)min ]~ [ b (n+m)min - b (n+m)min , b (n+m)max + b (n+m)min If the magnetic field deviation is outside the specified range, it is determined that the magnetic field deviation is greater than the preset magnetic sensor measurement error.

12. The quench detection system for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 11, characterized in that, The number of magnetic sensors is not less than the number of channels in the superconducting coil group; The equation for calculating the current magnitude of the superconducting coil assembly is as follows: In the formula, ~ The parameters within the electromagnetic coefficient matrix are determined by the parameters of the superconducting coils and the position of the magnetic sensor, where n is the number of paths in the superconducting coil group. I 1 ~I n The magnitude of the current flowing through each superconducting coil group. b 1~ b n The magnitude of the magnetic field is measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to each superconducting coil group.

13. The quench detection system for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 11, characterized in that, The number of magnetic sensors is not less than the number of channels of the superconducting coil group minus 1. The processor also includes acquiring the current flowing through the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor. I ; The equation for calculating the current magnitude of the superconducting coil assembly is as follows: In the formula, ~ The parameters within the electromagnetic coefficient matrix are determined by the parameters of the superconducting coils and the position of the magnetic sensor, where n is the number of paths in the superconducting coil group. I 1 ~I n The magnitude of the current flowing through each superconducting coil group. b 1~ b n-1 The magnitude of the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensor corresponding to the n-1 superconducting coil group; The superconducting toroidal hollow reactor has a current carrying capacity of 100%. I The measurements were obtained through the Rogowski coil at the bushing of the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor.

14. The quench detection system for a reactor based on a magnetic sensor array according to claim 11, characterized in that, The shell of the superconducting toroidal hollow reactor is a Dewar structure, including an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder. The magnetic sensors are distributed on the inner side of the inner cylinder, the outer side of the inner cylinder, the inner side of the outer cylinder, and the outer side of the outer cylinder. The processor adjusts the magnitude of the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensors according to their distribution locations, specifically including: For the magnetic sensors distributed on the outer side of the inner cylinder and the inner side of the outer cylinder, the magnitude of the measured magnetic field is adjusted according to the shielding ratio γ1 of the inner cylinder. The corresponding calculation expression is: Bcal=Bmea / γ1 In the formula, Bcal is the adjusted magnetic field size, and Bmea is the measured value of the magnetic sensor. For the magnetic sensors distributed on the outer side of the outer cylinder, the magnitude of the measured magnetic field is adjusted according to the shielding ratio γ1 of the inner cylinder and the shielding ratio γ2 of the outer cylinder. The corresponding calculation expression is: Bcal = Bmea / γ1 / γ2.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which is executed by a processor according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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