Liquid cooling CDU system with intelligent pressure balance tank

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid cooling CDU system with an intelligent pressure balance tank, and relates to the technical field of electronic equipment heat dissipation, and the system comprises a main circulation loop, the intelligent pressure balance tank, a liquid supplementing loop, a control system and a monitoring module. The intelligent pressure balance tank is provided with a liquid level sensor set, an exhaust valve installed on the non-top portion and a mechanical pressure release valve. The installation height of the exhaust valve is preset so that a buffer air layer can be reserved. The control system responds to signals of the liquid level sensor and controls opening and closing of the liquid supplementing loop and the exhaust valve. Through the design of a buffer air layer and a non-top valve group of the intelligent pressure balance tank, automatic liquid supplementing and graded pressure protection logic are combined, the problems of manual liquid supplementing lag, large pressure fluctuation, high safety risk and the like of a traditional liquid cooling CDU system are solved, and the liquid cooling CDU system is suitable for efficient heat dissipation of a data center and high-power electronic equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat dissipation technology for electronic devices, and more particularly to a liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and high-performance computing, the power density of server chips in data centers is constantly increasing, leading to a dramatic increase in heat generation. Liquid cooling technology, due to its significantly higher heat dissipation efficiency and precise temperature control compared to air cooling, has become a key technology for solving the problem of high heat density heat dissipation. The Coolant Distribution Unit (CDU), as the core hub of the liquid cooling system, is responsible for the circulation, distribution, pressure, and temperature control of the coolant. The stability of its performance directly affects the reliability and efficiency of the entire liquid cooling system.

[0003] In existing technologies, pressure stabilization and liquid level maintenance in liquid-cooled CDU systems mainly rely on traditional liquid replenishment and pressure balancing devices, which have many inherent drawbacks:

[0004] Firstly, regarding coolant replenishment, the common practice is to manually monitor the coolant level, relying on maintenance personnel to periodically check and manually replenish the coolant. This method is slow to respond, and untimely replenishment can easily lead to air intake into the system's main circulation pump, causing cavitation, resulting in pump damage, flow fluctuations, and reduced heat dissipation performance. It can even trigger shutdown protection due to system pressure imbalance.

[0005] Secondly, regarding pressure balancing, most systems employ open expansion tanks or mechanical pressure vessels. Open tanks expose the coolant to a large area of ​​air, posing a risk of oxidation, deterioration, and the release of volatile substances, affecting the coolant's physicochemical properties and potentially corroding pipelines. Ordinary mechanical pressure vessels (such as diaphragm tanks) have a fixed buffer volume, limiting their ability to absorb the volume expansion caused by drastic load changes during large-scale liquid cooling system operation. Furthermore, they lack automatic replenishment capabilities and cannot handle continuous minor leaks.

[0006] Furthermore, there are shortcomings in the venting and pressure relief design. Conventional automatic venting valves are usually installed at the highest point of the tank, completely emptying the tank during venting without retaining a necessary buffer air layer to cope with the thermal expansion and contraction of the coolant. In addition, the system's safety pressure relief valve is often installed at the top of the pressure balancing tank. This design means that during overpressure relief, the gas, which serves as a pressure buffer medium, is discharged first, rather than the liquid itself undergoing volume change. This not only weakens the system's pressure buffering capacity but may also fail to effectively reduce system pressure due to the rapid release of gas, posing certain safety hazards.

[0007] Therefore, existing liquid-cooled CDU systems need improvement in terms of automation, refined management of dynamic pressure balance, and safety redundancy under extreme conditions. There is an urgent need for an integrated solution that can integrate intelligent liquid replenishment, dynamic pressure buffering, and graded safety pressure relief functions. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address these issues, this invention provides a liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank, which solves the problems of manual liquid replenishment, large pressure fluctuations, and insufficient safety redundancy in the prior art.

[0009] To address the aforementioned problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank, comprising a main circulation loop and a liquid replenishment loop. The system further includes: An intelligent pressure balancing tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor group for monitoring the liquid level inside the tank, an exhaust valve with a preset installation height to retain a specific volume of buffer air layer after liquid replenishment, and a mechanical pressure relief valve. The mechanical pressure relief valve has a preset pressure threshold and automatically releases pressure when the threshold is reached, without the need for external control signals to trigger it. A control system, electrically connected to the liquid level sensor group, the liquid replenishment circuit, and the vent valve, is configured to control the opening and closing of the liquid replenishment circuit and the vent valve in response to signals from the liquid level sensor group.

[0010] Preferably, the mechanical pressure relief valve is installed at the same height as the exhaust valve, and both the mechanical pressure relief valve and the exhaust valve are installed at a position other than the top of the tank.

[0011] Preferably, the volume of the buffer air layer satisfies: ; in, To buffer the volume of the air layer, For safety reasons, For the system coolant based on the maximum temperature rise The calculated maximum expansion volume.

[0012] Preferably, the replenishment circuit includes a replenishment source, a replenishment pump, and a replenishment valve connected in sequence, and the replenishment pump and the replenishment valve are both electrically connected to the control system.

[0013] Preferably, the control system is configured as follows: When the liquid level sensor group detects that the liquid level has dropped to the low liquid level threshold, it controls the opening of the replenishment valve and the vent valve and starts the replenishment pump. When the liquid level sensor group detects that the liquid level has risen to the high liquid level threshold, it controls the shutdown of the replenishment pump, replenishment valve and vent valve.

[0014] Preferably, the system further includes graded pressure protection logic: When the system pressure exceeds the first pressure threshold, the control system triggers an alarm and controls the opening of the exhaust valve to drain liquid, release air, and relieve pressure. When the system pressure exceeds a second pressure threshold that is higher than the first pressure threshold, the mechanical pressure relief valve automatically opens to drain the liquid and relieve pressure, wherein the second pressure threshold is consistent with the preset pressure threshold of the mechanical pressure relief valve.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid level sensor group includes a low liquid level sensor for defining a low liquid level threshold and a high liquid level sensor for defining a high liquid level threshold.

[0016] Preferably, the main circulation loop includes a primary side loop and a secondary side loop. The primary side loop includes a primary side liquid supply line, a primary side liquid return line, a regulating valve, and a plate heat exchanger. The secondary side loop includes a secondary side liquid supply line, a secondary side liquid return line, a water pump, and the intelligent pressure balancing tank, which are connected to electronic equipment.

[0017] Preferably, the system further includes a monitoring module, which includes a temperature and pressure sensor and a flow meter; The temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the primary / secondary supply and return pipelines of the main circulation loop to monitor the coolant temperature and pressure in real time. The data is fed back to the control system as the basis for judging pressure protection. The flow meter is installed on the primary side return line and the secondary side supply line of the main circulation loop to monitor the coolant flow rate and ensure that the circulation flow rate meets the heat dissipation requirements.

[0018] This invention also provides a method for heat dissipation of electronic devices, which uses a liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank as described above for heat dissipation.

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, this invention application has the following beneficial effects: (1) The buffer air layer design of the intelligent pressure balance tank of the present invention effectively absorbs the volume fluctuation of coolant and solves the problem of large pressure fluctuation in traditional systems.

[0020] (2) The non-top mounting and height difference design of the exhaust valve and mechanical pressure relief valve of the present invention ensures that a buffer air layer is retained during exhaust / pressure relief, thereby improving pressure stability.

[0021] (3) The automatic liquid replenishment logic of the liquid level sensor group and the control system (PLC) of the present invention replaces manual liquid replenishment and avoids cavitation or pressure imbalance caused by liquid replenishment delay.

[0022] (4) The graded pressure protection mechanism of the present invention (alarm + venting and pressure relief + forced pressure relief) reduces the risk of overpressure explosion and improves system safety. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Referring to the drawings will make the features and advantages of the present invention clearer. The drawings are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Figure 1 A block diagram of a liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank provided by the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 11. Primary side supply line; 12. Primary side return line; 13. Secondary side supply line; 14. Secondary side return line; 21. Make-up pump; 22. Make-up valve; 3. Intelligent pressure balancing tank; 311. High level sensor; 312. Low level sensor; 32. Buffer air layer; 33. Exhaust valve; 34. Mechanical pressure relief valve; 4. Regulating valve; 5. Plate heat exchanger; 6. Water pump; 7. Temperature and pressure sensor; 8. Flow meter. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: To address the problems of manual fluid replenishment, large pressure fluctuations, and insufficient safety redundancy in existing technologies, and to achieve stable unattended operation, the overall structure of the system is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank, including a main circulation loop and a liquid replenishment loop. The system also includes: An intelligent pressure balancing tank 3 is equipped with a liquid level sensor group for monitoring the liquid level inside the tank, an exhaust valve 33 with a preset installation height to retain a specific volume of buffer air layer 32 after liquid replenishment, and a mechanical pressure relief valve 34. The mechanical pressure relief valve 34 has a preset pressure threshold and automatically releases pressure when the threshold is reached, without the need for external control signal triggering. A control system, electrically connected to the liquid level sensor group, the liquid replenishment circuit, and the vent valve 33, is configured to control the opening and closing of the liquid replenishment circuit and the vent valve 33 in response to signals from the liquid level sensor group.

[0027] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this invention proposes a liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank, constructing a solution integrating automatic liquid replenishment, dynamic pressure buffering, and graded safety pressure relief: the intelligent pressure balancing tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor group, a non-top-mounted vent valve, and a mechanical pressure relief valve. The vent valve installation height is preset to ensure that sufficient pressure is maintained after liquid replenishment. The buffer air layer can absorb more than 90% of the daily temperature fluctuations and volume changes of the coolant through compression / expansion, stabilizing the system pressure. The control system responds to the liquid level sensor signal, automatically opening the replenishment valve and vent valve and starting the replenishment pump when the liquid level is low, and shutting down relevant components when the liquid level is high, realizing unattended automatic replenishment and avoiding the risk of cavitation caused by the lag of manual replenishment. At the same time, the system of this invention implements graded protection based on pressure monitoring. When the pressure exceeds the first threshold, the control system triggers an alarm and opens the vent valve to drain the liquid and gas. When it exceeds a higher second threshold (which is consistent with the preset pressure threshold of the mechanical pressure relief valve), the mechanical pressure relief valve automatically opens to force liquid drainage, prioritizing the release of liquid rather than gas, ensuring the continuous function of the buffer air layer, and extending the life of pipelines and pumps by reducing pressure shocks. It effectively solves the problems of manual replenishment, large pressure fluctuations and insufficient safety redundancy in the prior art, and realizes stable system operation.

[0028] The liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank disclosed in this invention mainly includes four core parts: main circulation loop, liquid replenishment loop, intelligent pressure balancing tank 3, and control system, supplemented by monitoring components such as temperature and pressure sensor 7 and flow meter 8, forming a complete closed-loop control system.

[0029] In this embodiment, the main circulation loop adopts a dual-loop design of "primary side + secondary side" to achieve efficient circulation and heat exchange of the coolant: The primary circuit includes a primary supply line 11, a primary return line 12, a regulating valve 4, and a plate heat exchanger 5. Its core function is to exchange heat with the secondary circuit through the plate heat exchanger 5, transferring the heat from the electronic equipment brought back from the secondary side to an external cooling source (such as a chiller), and to precisely control the heat exchange efficiency by regulating the primary flow through the regulating valve 4.

[0030] Secondary-side circuit: Includes secondary-side liquid supply line 13, secondary-side liquid return line 14, water pump 6, and intelligent pressure balancing tank 3, which are directly connected to electronic equipment (such as servers, chips, etc.). Water pump 6 provides circulation power for the secondary-side coolant, delivering the low-temperature coolant to the electronic equipment for heat absorption, and then returning it to the intelligent pressure balancing tank 3 through secondary-side liquid return line 14 to complete the heat dissipation cycle.

[0031] In this embodiment, the coolant replenishment circuit is used to automatically replenish the coolant lost due to leakage or evaporation in the system, ensuring a stable coolant level in the main circulation circuit. It comprises a coolant replenishment source, a coolant replenishment pump 21, and a coolant replenishment valve 22 connected in sequence. The coolant replenishment pump 21 provides power for the replenishment process, and the coolant replenishment valve 22 controls the opening and closing of the coolant replenishment path. Both are electrically connected to the control system to achieve automated control.

[0032] In this embodiment, the intelligent pressure balancing tank 3 is the core component for system pressure regulation and liquid level monitoring, and the following key components are integrated on the tank body: Liquid level sensor group: including low liquid level sensor 312 and high liquid level sensor 311, which define the low liquid level threshold and high liquid level threshold of the system respectively, monitor the liquid level of coolant in the tank in real time and feed it back to the control system.

[0033] Exhaust valve 33: The installation height is preset to ensure that a specific volume of buffer air layer 32 is retained in the tank after liquid replenishment, so as to avoid completely emptying the air layer when venting.

[0034] Mechanical pressure relief valve 34: Installed at the same height as exhaust valve 33, and both are located in a position not at the top of the tank. This design ensures that liquid is released first rather than gas in case of overpressure, thus protecting the pressure buffering capacity of the buffer air layer 32.

[0035] In this embodiment, the system of the present invention further includes a monitoring module: a temperature and pressure sensor 7 is installed on the primary / secondary side supply and return lines of the main circulation loop to collect real-time coolant temperature and pressure data; a flow meter 8 is installed on the primary side return line and the secondary side supply line of the main circulation loop to monitor whether the circulation flow rate meets the heat dissipation requirements. All monitoring data are fed back to the control system as the basis for the control logic's judgment.

[0036] In this embodiment, the control system uses a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as the core control unit, which is electrically connected to the liquid level sensor group, replenishment pump 21, replenishment valve 22, exhaust valve 33 and temperature and pressure sensor 7, and automatically performs operations such as replenishment, exhaust and depressurization according to preset logic.

[0037] Furthermore, the design principle of the buffer air layer 32 of this invention is as follows: the volume of the buffer air layer 32 must satisfy the formula: ; in, The volume of the buffer air layer 32; This is a safety factor (usually 2-5, adjusted according to system stability requirements); For the system coolant based on the maximum temperature rise The calculated maximum expansion volume is obtained using the following formula: ( This refers to the total volume of coolant in the system. The coefficient of volumetric expansion of the coolant. (For the maximum temperature difference).

[0038] By precisely calculating the installation height of the exhaust valve 33 and the mechanical pressure relief valve 34, the volume of the buffer air layer 32 after replenishment is ensured to meet the above formula, thereby absorbing the volume fluctuation of the coolant caused by temperature changes through the compression / expansion of the air layer and stabilizing the system pressure.

[0039] Furthermore, the control system of this invention achieves fully automatic liquid replenishment based on the signals from the liquid level sensor group: 1. When the low liquid level sensor 312 detects that the liquid level in the tank has dropped to the low liquid level threshold, the control system immediately triggers a command: opening the replenishment valve 22 and the vent valve 33, and simultaneously starting the replenishment pump 21 to draw coolant from the replenishment source and inject it into the intelligent pressure balancing tank 3. At this time, the vent valve 33 opens to expel the original air in the tank, avoiding air resistance during replenishment.

[0040] 2. When the high liquid level sensor 311 detects that the liquid level has risen to the high liquid level threshold, the control system commands: shut down the replenishment pump 21, the replenishment valve 22, and the vent valve 33, terminating the replenishment process. At this time, a buffer air layer 32 of a preset volume is maintained above the liquid level in the tank.

[0041] Furthermore, the system of the present invention has a pressure balancing and graded protection mechanism. The system achieves dynamic pressure balancing and extreme protection through a buffer air layer 32 and a graded pressure relief design. 1. Daily Pressure Buffer: When the load on electronic equipment increases and the coolant temperature rises and expands, the buffer air layer 32 is compressed to absorb the volume expansion and prevent a sudden increase in system pressure; when the load decreases and the coolant temperature drops and contracts, the air layer expands to fill the volume gap and prevent a sudden drop in pressure. This mechanism can absorb ≥90% of daily temperature fluctuation pressure.

[0042] 2. First-level pressure protection: When the temperature and pressure sensor 7 detects that the system pressure exceeds the first pressure threshold (e.g., 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure of the system), the control system triggers an audible and visual alarm and controls the opening of the exhaust valve 33 to drain the coolant and release pressure. Because the exhaust valve 33 is not located at the top, it prioritizes the discharge of the expanded coolant while retaining a partial buffer air layer 32.

[0043] 3. Secondary pressure protection: If the pressure continues to rise above the second pressure threshold (the second pressure threshold is consistent with the preset pressure threshold of the mechanical pressure relief valve, such as 2.0 times the maximum working pressure, which is higher than the first pressure threshold), the mechanical pressure relief valve 34 will automatically open to force liquid discharge and pressure relief. Since the mechanical pressure relief valve 34 is highly consistent with the exhaust valve 33, it also prioritizes liquid discharge, quickly reducing the system pressure and avoiding the risk of "tank explosion".

[0044] Taking a data center liquid-cooled CDU system as an example, the coolant used is a 40% ethylene glycol aqueous solution (volume expansion coefficient...). Total system coolant volume Maximum operating temperature difference Safety factor The secondary side supply pressure is 0.3 MPa, and the secondary side return pressure is 0.05 MPa. The specific operating process is as follows: (a) Calculation of the volume of buffer air layer 32 According to the formula Then the minimum volume of the buffer air layer 32 ≥3×1.8L=5.4L. By presetting the installation height of the vent valve 33 and the mechanical pressure relief valve 34, the volume of the air layer inside the tank after replenishment is ensured to be 6L, which meets the pressure buffering requirements.

[0045] (II) Normal fluid resuscitation process When the system experiences a minor leak causing the liquid level to drop to a low threshold (e.g., 10cm in the tank), the low level sensor 312 triggers a signal, and the control system opens the replenishment valve 22, the vent valve 33, and starts the replenishment pump 21 to inject coolant into the tank. When the liquid level rises to a high threshold (e.g., 30cm in the tank), the high level sensor 311 sends a feedback signal, and the system shuts down all equipment. At this time, a 25L buffer air layer 32 is maintained above the tank.

[0046] (III) Pressure buffering scenario Increased server load caused the coolant temperature to rise from 30°C to 60°C (ΔT=30°C), resulting in a coolant volume expansion of 1.8L. The buffer air layer 32 was compressed to 6L-1.8L=4.2L to absorb the expansion. The system's secondary-side return pressure only increased from 0.05MPa to 0.11MPa, while the secondary-side supply pressure increased from 0.3MPa to 0.36MPa to prevent drastic pressure fluctuations. When the load decreased, the coolant temperature dropped, the air layer expanded to 6L, and the pressure returned to normal.

[0047] (iv) Extreme pressure relief scenarios If the plate heat exchanger 5 malfunctions, causing the coolant to fail to dissipate heat and the temperature to rise abnormally to 80℃, the secondary side supply pressure of the system will surge to 0.46MPa (first pressure threshold 0.45MPa). The control system will trigger an alarm and open the vent valve 33, discharging 1.2L of expanded liquid, reducing the pressure to 0.36MPa. If the fault is not resolved, the pressure will continue to rise to 0.6MPa (second pressure threshold 0.6MPa), at which point the mechanical pressure relief valve 34 will automatically open, rapidly releasing the liquid to a safe container until the pressure drops to a safe range.

[0048] Example 2: The present invention provides a heat dissipation method for electronic devices, which uses the liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank described in Example 1 above for heat dissipation.

[0049] This embodiment of an electronic device heat dissipation method employs a liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank, as described above. Therefore, the specific implementation method of the electronic device heat dissipation method can be found in the embodiment section of the liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank mentioned above. To avoid redundancy, it will not be repeated here.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0051] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0052] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The functions specified in one or more boxes. These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0053] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank, comprising a main circulation loop and a replenishment loop, characterized in that, Also includes: An intelligent pressure balancing tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor group for monitoring the liquid level inside the tank, an exhaust valve with a preset installation height to retain a specific volume of buffer air layer after liquid replenishment, and a mechanical pressure relief valve. The mechanical pressure relief valve has a preset pressure threshold and automatically releases pressure when the threshold is reached, without the need for external control signals to trigger it. A control system, electrically connected to the liquid level sensor group, the liquid replenishment circuit, and the vent valve, is configured to control the opening and closing of the liquid replenishment circuit and the vent valve in response to signals from the liquid level sensor group.

2. The liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical pressure relief valve is installed at the same height as the exhaust valve, and both the mechanical pressure relief valve and the exhaust valve are installed at a position other than the top of the tank.

3. The liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume of the buffer air layer satisfies: ； in, To buffer the volume of the air layer, For safety reasons, For the system coolant based on the maximum temperature rise The calculated maximum expansion volume.

4. The liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replenishment circuit includes a replenishment source, a replenishment pump, and a replenishment valve connected in sequence, and the replenishment pump and the replenishment valve are both electrically connected to the control system.

5. The liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control system is configured as follows: When the liquid level sensor group detects that the liquid level has dropped to the low liquid level threshold, it controls the opening of the replenishment valve and the vent valve and starts the replenishment pump. When the liquid level sensor group detects that the liquid level has risen to the high liquid level threshold, it controls the shutdown of the replenishment pump, replenishment valve and vent valve.

6. The liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also features graded pressure protection logic: When the system pressure exceeds the first pressure threshold, the control system triggers an alarm and controls the opening of the exhaust valve to drain liquid, release air, and relieve pressure. When the system pressure exceeds a second pressure threshold that is higher than the first pressure threshold, the mechanical pressure relief valve automatically opens to drain the liquid and relieve pressure, wherein the second pressure threshold is consistent with the preset pressure threshold of the mechanical pressure relief valve.

7. The liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid level sensor group includes a low liquid level sensor for defining a low liquid level threshold and a high liquid level sensor for defining a high liquid level threshold.

8. The liquid-cooled CDU system with intelligent pressure balancing tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main circulation loop includes a primary side loop and a secondary side loop. The primary side loop includes a primary side liquid supply line, a primary side liquid return line, a regulating valve, and a plate heat exchanger. The secondary side loop includes a secondary side liquid supply line, a secondary side liquid return line, a water pump, and the intelligent pressure balancing tank, which are connected to electronic equipment.

9. The liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that, The system also includes a monitoring module, which includes a temperature and pressure sensor and a flow meter; The temperature and pressure sensor is installed on the primary / secondary supply and return pipelines of the main circulation loop to monitor the coolant temperature and pressure in real time. The data is fed back to the control system as the basis for judging pressure protection. The flow meter is installed on the primary side return line and the secondary side supply line of the main circulation loop to monitor the coolant flow rate and ensure that the circulation flow rate meets the heat dissipation requirements.

10. A heat dissipation method for an electronic device, characterized in that, The liquid-cooled CDU system with an intelligent pressure balancing tank, as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, is used for heat dissipation.

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