Carbon material with through hole structure and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon material with a through hole structure and a preparation method and application thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a plurality of aquatic plant stalks with the moisture content of 10% or above, and then compressing the plurality of stalks under 5-50MPa to obtain compressed stalks; s2, the compressed stalks obtained in the step S1 are carbonized at the temperature of 600-800 DEG C to obtain carbonized stalks, and then the whole surfaces of the carbonized stalks are subjected to hydrophilic modification treatment to obtain the carbon material. Through combination of compression, carbonization and hydrophilic modification treatment, the integrity of a plant original through hole structure is reserved to the maximum extent, the pore size is optimized, the capillary effect is enhanced so as to efficiently complete water evaporation, and the evaporation efficiency of the carbon material prepared by the preparation method can reach 4.8 kg / (m.h). And seawater, brackish water, high-fluorine water, heavy metal organic pollution wastewater and eutrophic water can be efficiently treated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water treatment, and particularly relates to a carbon material with a through-hole structure and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, freshwater resource shortage and water pollution have become global challenges. China is rich in seawater resources, but traditional seawater desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash evaporation rely on high-energy consumption equipment and expensive materials, making it difficult to be applied on a large scale in remote areas. Solar photo-thermal evaporation technology is considered an ideal alternative solution due to its zero fossil energy consumption, but it still faces a core bottleneck: existing photo-thermal materials are difficult to achieve efficient water transport and rapid vapor escape simultaneously. Natural biomass has a porous structure, but the unoptimized pore size (usually >100 mu m) leads to insufficient capillary force, and disordered pores increase water transport resistance and heat dissipation.

[0003] Biomass-derived carbon materials have attracted attention due to their natural pore structure and light absorption potential, but existing methods usually use direct carbonization to prepare carbon materials, which have limited evaporation rates.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a carbon material with a through-hole structure and a preparation method and application thereof to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a carbon material with a through-hole structure and a preparation method and application thereof, which can maximize the integrity of the original through-hole structure of the plant by combining compression, carbonization and hydrophilic modification treatment, optimize the pore size, enhance the capillary effect to efficiently complete the evaporation of water, and achieve the purpose of water treatment.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides a preparation method of a carbon material with a through-hole structure, comprising the following steps: S1, selecting a plurality of aquatic plant stems with a water content of more than 10%, and then compressing the plurality of stems at 5-50 MPa to obtain compressed stems; S2, carbonizing the compressed stems obtained in step S1 to obtain carbonized stems, and then performing hydrophilic modification treatment on the overall surface of the carbonized stems to obtain a carbon material, wherein the carbonization temperature is 600-800 DEG C.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S1, the aquatic plants include one or any combination of lotus, reed, cattail and water candle.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S1, after selecting the aquatic plant stems, cutting treatment is performed on the stems to make the stem length in the range of 0.5-15 cm.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S1, when performing the compression treatment, an adhesive is used to perform an adhesive treatment on the stems to make the stems be bonded and shaped, and the fixed effect of the adhesive is used to maintain the state of the compressed stems.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present application, the compression treatment specifically comprises: applying a pressure along the radial direction of the overall structure formed by the plurality of aquatic plant stems to make the stem pores be reduced.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present application, during the compression process, a gradient pressure along the axial direction of the stems is applied.

[0012] The gradient pressure on the stems is applied by using a compression mold with a trapezoidal cross section, and the compression space formed by the compression mold with a trapezoidal cross section is an isosceles trapezoid, and the base angle of the isosceles trapezoid is 75°-87°.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S2, the specific operation of the carbonization treatment is: placing the compressed stems in a carbonization furnace and performing carbonization under the protection of an inert atmosphere; wherein the gas used in the inert atmosphere is one or a combination of argon, nitrogen, and helium.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present application, the carbonization process is divided into three stages according to the carbonization temperature, that is, the carbonization process adopts a three-stage heating method: the first stage is to heat at a heating rate of 2.0-6.0 ℃ / min to 80-120 ℃, and keep the temperature for 30-90 min; the second stage is to heat at a heating rate of 2.0-8.0 ℃ / min to 200-400 ℃, and keep the temperature for 30-90 min; the third stage is to heat at a heating rate of 1.0-4.0 ℃ / min to 600-800 ℃, and keep the temperature for 60-150 min. The first stage in the three-stage heating method is used to remove water; the second stage is used to remove the decomposition products of the adhesive and other volatile substances, that is, to perform pre-carbonization to pre-build a stable carbon skeleton, make the pore space more developed and uniform; and the third stage is carbonization. The setting of the three-stage heating method can effectively remove water and volatile substances, avoid the influence of the pore blockage caused by the incomplete volatilization of volatile substances on the water evaporation effect of the carbon material, and reduce the internal stress of the material caused by sudden temperature change, thereby reducing the risk of cracks, and ensuring the connectivity and structural integrity of the through holes.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present application, the carbonization temperature in the third stage is dynamically related to the pressure, that is, when the pressure is greater than or equal to 5 MPa and less than or equal to 10 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 600-625 ℃; when the pressure is greater than 10 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 625-750 ℃; and further preferably, when the pressure is greater than 10 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 625-700 ℃.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S1, the compression pressure is preferably 10-50 MPa, wherein when the pressure is 10 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 600-625℃; when the pressure is greater than 10 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 625-750℃; further preferably, when the pressure is greater than 10 MPa and less than or equal to 50 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 625-700℃.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present application, in step S1, the compression pressure is further preferably 10-40 MPa, wherein when the pressure is 10 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 600-625℃; when the pressure is greater than 10 MPa and less than or equal to 40 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 625-750℃; further preferably, when the pressure is greater than 10 MPa and less than or equal to 40 MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 625-700℃.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present application, the surface of the carbonized stem is modified by plasma surface treatment technology, the treatment gas is oxygen or air, the power range is 50-300W, and the treatment time is 10s-8min. Since the higher the carbonization temperature, the higher the degree of graphene of the carbon material, although the light absorption of the carbon material is better, but at the same time the hydroxyl and other hydrophilic groups of the carbon material will also be reduced; by hydrophilic modification of the surface of the carbonized stem, on the one hand, the hydroxyl and other hydrophilic groups of the carbon material can be effectively increased, on the other hand, the surface of the carbonized stem can also be etched by high-energy bombardment of ions to increase the roughness of the surface of the carbonized stem, so that through the hydrophilic modification treatment, the water transport capacity of the carbon material can be effectively enhanced, and the evaporation effect is improved.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present application, before the hydrophilic modification treatment, a micro-nano cone array structure is engraved on the upper surface of the carbonized stem.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present application, the micro-nano cone array structure is a moth-eye structure, the cone height is 0.4-2μm, the cone period is 0.4-2μm, and the gap between adjacent cones gradually decreases from the cone top to the substrate direction, wherein: the gap width at the cone top is equal to the cone period, which is 0.4-2μm, and the gap at the root of the cone connected with the substrate is less than or equal to 5nm, realizing an optical continuous zone.

[0021] The present application also provides a carbon material with a through-hole structure, which is prepared according to the preparation method of the carbon material with a through-hole structure as described in the above technical solutions.

[0022] The application also provides a water body purification method, which adopts the carbon material with the through-hole structure to process, and the method comprises the following steps: vertically placing the carbon material in the water body under the light environment, and the part of the carbon material placed in the water body accounts for 20-80% of the overall height of the carbon material, and setting a condensing device above the carbon material, so that the carbon material can realize efficient conversion of light energy into heat energy under the light, water evaporation is realized, and purified water is obtained by condensing and collecting through the condensing device, and the purpose of water body purification treatment is achieved.

[0023] The application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The stems of aquatic plants are used as raw materials, the stems of aquatic plants have the characteristics of strong water transport capacity and the stem body is in the form of a through hole, the stems with a certain water content are sequentially compressed, carbonized and hydrophilic modified, and the compression pressure and the carbonization temperature range are controlled, so that the pore size of the through hole in the stems can be effectively reduced while the original channeling tissue of the plant material is retained, the capillary action of the stems is enhanced, and the water driving force is improved through the hydrophilic modification, so that the carbon material with significantly enhanced water transport capacity is obtained, which can be applied to purifying sewage, desalinating seawater and the like, and greatly improves the purification degree of sewage and the desalination degree of seawater.

[0024] 2. The aquatic agricultural waste is used as the raw material to prepare the carbon material, the cost is low, and the evaporation efficiency is high, specifically, the evaporation efficiency can reach 4.8 kg / (m.h), and a green solution is provided for water treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The longitudinal section scanning electron microscope image of the carbon material prepared in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 2 The cross-section scanning electron microscope image of the carbon material prepared in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 3 The deionized water evaporation rate result schematic diagram of the carbon material of Examples 1-12.

[0028] Figure 4 The compression result schematic diagram of Comparative Example 1.

[0029] Figure 5 The trapezoidal compression schematic diagram of Examples 14-16.

[0030] REFERENCE NUMERALS 10, compression guide rail; 20, trapezoidal mold; 30, compression stop rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the application clearer, the application is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.

[0032] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present application with unnecessary details, only structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution of the present application are shown in the drawings, while other details not closely related to the present application are omitted.

[0033] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising", "containing", or any other variant thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, so that processes, methods, articles, or devices that comprise a list of elements not only include those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or inherent to such processes, methods, articles, or devices.

[0034] Example 1 Example 1 provides a preparation method of a carbon material with a through-hole structure, comprising the following steps: S1, select a plurality of stems with a water content of 50%, and cut the plurality of stems to 3 cm, then place the plurality of stems in a square compression space formed by a square mold, and compress the plurality of stems using a universal testing machine to obtain compressed stems, wherein during the compression process, an adhesive is used to adhere the plurality of stems, and the compression pressure is 10 MPa; S2, place the compressed stems obtained in step S1 in a carbonization furnace, first heat to 100℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min under a nitrogen atmosphere, heat to 300℃ at a rate of 2℃ / min for 60min, and finally heat to 600℃ at a rate of 3℃ / min for 120min, then naturally cool to obtain carbonized stems; S3, use oxygen plasma surface treatment technology to modify the overall surface of the carbonized stems to obtain a carbon material with a through-hole structure, wherein the power of the oxygen plasma surface treatment technology is 100W, and the treatment time is 3min.

[0035] Examples 2-4 Examples 2-4 provide a preparation method of a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Example 1, the temperature of the third segment of the carbonization process in Examples 2-4 is 625, 700, and 800℃, respectively, and the remaining steps are consistent with Example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0036] Examples 5-8 Example 5 provides a preparation method of a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Example 1, in Example 5, the compression pressure is 30 MPa, and the remaining steps are consistent with Example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0037] Examples 6-8 provide a method for preparing carbon materials with through-pore structures. Compared with Example 5, the temperatures of the third stage of carbonization in Examples 6-8 are 625, 700 and 800°C, respectively. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 5 and will not be repeated here.

[0038] Examples 9-12 Example 9 provides a method for preparing a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Example 1, the compression pressure in Example 9 is 40 MPa, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0039] Examples 10-12 provide a method for preparing carbon materials with a through-pore structure. Compared with Example 9, the temperatures of the third stage of carbonization in Examples 10-12 are 625, 700 and 800°C, respectively. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 9 and will not be repeated here.

[0040] Example 13 Example 13 provides a method for preparing a carbon material with a through-pore structure. Compared with Example 1, the water content of the lotus stem in Example 13 is 10%, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0041] Examples 14-16 Example 14 provides a method for preparing a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Example 1, in Example 14, multiple lotus stems are placed in a compression space formed by a trapezoidal mold 20 in the shape of an equilateral trapezoid with a base angle of 80°. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0042] Examples 15-16 provide a method for preparing a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Example 14, the base angles of the isometric trapezoids in Examples 15 and 16 are 75° and 87°, respectively. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 14 and will not be repeated here.

[0043] Regarding the trapezoidal compression process, such as Figure 5 As shown, two trapezoidal molds 20 are placed in a mirror image symmetrically, with the side of one trapezoidal mold 20 adhering to the compression stop rail 30, and the top and bottom edges of both trapezoidal molds 20 abutting against the corresponding compression guide rails 10, so that an equilateral trapezoidal compression space is formed between the two trapezoidal molds 20. The stem is placed in the compression space, so that during the compression process, the trapezoidal mold 20 away from the compression stop rail moves towards the compression stop rail 30 to radially compress the stem.

[0044] Examples 17-19 Embodiment 17-19 provide a method for preparing a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Embodiment 1, in Embodiment 17, the raw material is reed stem, the compression pressure is 20 MPa, the temperature of the third carbonization treatment is 750°C, the power of the oxygen plasma surface treatment technology is 150 W, and the treatment time is 4 min. The remaining steps are the same as Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0045] In Embodiment 18, the raw material is cattail, the compression pressure is 30 MPa, the temperature of the third carbonization treatment is 700°C, the power of the oxygen plasma surface treatment technology is 50 W, and the treatment time is 2 min. The remaining steps are the same as Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0046] In Embodiment 19, the raw material is water candle stem, the compression pressure is 50 MPa, the temperature of the third carbonization treatment is 600°C, the power of the oxygen plasma surface treatment technology is 100 W, and the treatment time is 2 min. The remaining steps are the same as Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0047] Embodiments 20-21 Embodiments 20-21 provide a method for preparing a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Embodiment 1, in Embodiment 20, the power of the oxygen plasma surface treatment technology is 300 W, and the treatment time is 10 s. The remaining steps are the same as Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0048] In Embodiment 21, the power of the oxygen plasma surface treatment technology is 50 W, and the treatment time is 8 min. The remaining steps are the same as Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0049] Embodiment 22 Embodiment 22 provides a method for preparing a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Embodiment 1, in Embodiment 22, before the hydrophilic modification treatment, a moth-eye structure is engraved on the upper surface of the carbonized stem. In the moth-eye structure, the height of the cone is 1 μm, the period of the cone is 1 μm, and the gap between adjacent cones gradually decreases from the cone top to the base plate. The gap width at the cone top is equal to the period of the cone, which is 1 μm, and the gap at the root of the cone connected to the base plate is 2 nm. The remaining steps are the same as Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0050] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 provides a method for preparing a carbon material with a through-hole structure. Compared with Embodiment 1, in Comparative Example 1, the water content of the lotus branch is 5%, and only the lotus branch is cut and compressed without using adhesive for bonding during the compression process.

[0051] Comparative Example 2 The comparative example 2 provides a preparation method of the carbon material with the through-hole structure, compared with the example 1, in the comparative example 2, the compression treatment is performed at a pressure of 3 MPa, and the remaining steps are consistent with the example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0052] Comparative example 3 The comparative example 3 provides a preparation method of the carbon material with the through-hole structure, compared with the example 1, in the comparative example 3, the carbonization treatment is performed at a temperature of 500 ℃ in the third section, and the remaining steps are consistent with the example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0053] Comparative examples 4-5 The comparative examples 4-5 provide a preparation method of the carbon material with the through-hole structure, compared with the example 1, in the comparative example 4, the oxygen plasma surface treatment technology is performed at a power of 100 W for 10 min, and the remaining steps are the same as the example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0054] In the comparative example 4, the oxygen plasma surface treatment technology is performed at a power of 100 W for 5 s, and the remaining steps are the same as the example 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0055] Related parameters of the examples 1-13 and the comparative examples 1-3

[0056] The water content is taken as 100% water content for the fresh aquatic plant stem.

[0057] The longitudinal and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy results of the carbon material prepared in the example 1 are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the carbon material prepared by the preparation method of the present application has a relatively regular shape, good structural integrity and good connectivity of the through-hole structure.

[0058] The carbon materials prepared in the examples 1-22 and the comparative examples 2-5 are subjected to water evaporation rate performance test, and the test is as follows: the carbon material is vertically placed in a container containing a certain amount of deionized water and fixed by using a heat insulation foam, so that the part of the carbon material immersed in the water accounts for 50% of the overall height of the carbon material, the light intensity of the solar simulator is adjusted to 1 kw / m 2 , and the light beam is vertically irradiated to the top end of the tobacco stem carbon. The water evaporation rate is calculated according to the following formula:

[0059] The water evaporation rates of the carbon materials prepared in the examples 1-12 by different compression pressures and carbonization temperatures are shown in Figure 3The evaporation rates of the carbon materials prepared in Examples 1-4 show a relatively flat trend with the increase of carbonization temperature; the evaporation rates of the carbon materials prepared in Examples 5-8 and 9-12 show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of carbonization temperature, and the carbonization temperature reaches a peak at 700℃, which may be because the carbonization degree of the stems gradually tends to be complete at 600-700℃ with the increase of carbonization temperature, and when the carbonization temperature exceeds 700℃ and continues to increase, the evaporation rate shows a downward trend due to over-carbonization.

[0060] When the carbonization temperature is the same and the compression pressure is adjusted from 30MPa to 40MPa, the evaporation rate also shows a downward trend to varying degrees, which indicates that an excessively high compression pressure may affect the integrity of the through-hole structure to some extent, and thus affect the water transport capacity of the carbon material.

[0061] In Example 7, when the compression pressure is 30MPa and the carbonization temperature is 700℃, the evaporation rate can reach 4.8kg / (m·h).

[0062] In addition, when the carbonization temperature is 625℃, the evaporation rates under compression pressures of 10MPa and 30MPa are the same, which is 3.4kg / (m·h).

[0063] When the compression pressure is 40MPa and the carbonization temperature is 625℃, the evaporation rate is 3.1kg / (m·h) (Example 10).

[0064] The evaporation rates of the carbon materials prepared in Examples 13, 17-19 are also all above 2.8kg / (m·h), which indicates that when the water content of the stems is greater than or equal to 10%, the carbon materials prepared therefrom can all have a high evaporation rate, and the carbon materials prepared from the stems of reed, cattail and water candle can also achieve a good evaporation rate.

[0065] Compared with Example 1, when Examples 14-16 use the trapezoidal mold 20 to apply a gradient pressure to the stems along the axial direction of the stems during compression, the evaporation rates of the obtained carbon materials are better than those of Example 1, which may be because the gradient pressure application mode makes the size of the through-holes of the carbon material gradually decrease along the axial direction of the stems, and thus can increase the Laplace pressure on the basis of the capillary force, thereby increasing the driving force of water in the carbon material.

[0066] In Comparative Example 1, when the water content of the lotus stems is 5% and the lotus stems are compressed, the lotus stems are in a fragmented state Figure 4 , which indicates that when the water content of the lotus stems is too low, the increased brittleness of the lotus stems will cause them to be fragmented during compression, and thus the preparation of the carbon material cannot continue.

[0067] In the comparative example 2, the pore of the carbon material is obviously larger than that of the example 1, and the evaporation rate of the carbon material of the comparative example 2 is obviously lower than that of the example 1, which may be due to that the insufficient compression force caused by the too small compression pressure affects the capillary effect of the stem.

[0068] In the comparative example 3, when the carbonization temperature is 500℃, the forming effect of the carbon material is poor and the stem core still has a certain similarity with the original state, which may be because the compression significantly reduces the size of the stem through hole, which affects the carbonization process, so that when the carbonization temperature is too low, the carbonization is incomplete, thereby affecting the water transport capacity of the carbon material.

[0069] In addition, when the hydrophilic modification treatment time of the comparative example 4 is too long and the hydrophilic modification treatment time of the comparative example 5 is too short, the evaporation rate of the obtained carbon material is obviously lower than that of the example 1, which may be because when the hydrophilic modification treatment time is too long, the high-energy bombardment of oxygen ions on the carbon material may cause the connection between the surface and the internal pores of the carbon material, that is, the perforation phenomenon, thereby affecting the water transport effect of the carbon material; and when the hydrophilic modification treatment time is too short, the increase of the hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups on the surface of the carbon material is effective, so that the effect of the hydrophilic modification treatment on improving the water transport capacity of the carbon material is limited.

[0070] In addition, in the example 22, after the stem surface of the lotus, reed, cattail or water candle is engraved with a moth eye structure, the evaporation rate of the obtained carbon material is better than that of the example 1, which may be because the setting of the moth eye structure can effectively reduce the reflection effect of the carbon material surface on light, thereby improving the light absorption rate of the carbon material.

[0071] The present application uses the stem of lotus, reed, cattail or water candle as raw material, controls the water content of the raw material, and performs radial compression on the raw material to compress the natural through hole, and then performs carbonization at a certain carbonization temperature to form a stable micro-channel structure; further through oxygen plasma surface hydrophilic modification, a carbon material with high efficient light-heat conversion can be obtained. The carbon material is vertically fixed in the water body with a certain immersion degree, and the water is quickly transported and evaporated along the compressed channel driven by solar energy, which can efficiently treat seawater, brackish water, high-fluorine water, heavy metal organic pollution wastewater and eutrophic water body.

[0072] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for producing a carbon material having a through-hole structure, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a plurality of aquatic plant stems with a water content of more than 10%, and then compressing the plurality of stems under a pressure of 5-50 MPa to obtain compressed stems; S2, carbonizing the compressed stems obtained in step S1 to obtain carbonized stems, and then performing hydrophilic modification treatment on the overall surface of the carbonized stems to obtain carbon materials, wherein the carbonization temperature is 600-800℃.

2. The method for producing a carbon material having a through-hole structure according to claim 1, characterized by: In step S1, the aquatic plants include one or a combination of lotus, reed, cattail, and water candle.

3. The method of producing a carbon material having a through-hole structure according to claim 1, characterized by: In step S1, when performing the compression treatment, an adhesive is used to bond the stems to form a plurality of stems and maintain the state of the compressed stems by the fixing effect of the adhesive.

4. The method of producing a carbon material having a through-hole structure according to claim 1, characterized by: During the compression process, a gradient pressure is applied to the stems along the axial direction of the stems.

5. The method of producing a carbon material having a through-hole structure according to claim 1, characterized by: In step S2, the specific operation of the carbonization treatment is to place the compressed stems in a carbonization furnace and perform carbonization under the protection of an inert atmosphere; the gas used in the inert atmosphere is one or a combination of argon, nitrogen, and helium.

6. The method of producing a carbon material having a through-hole structure according to claim 1, characterized by: The carbonization process is divided into three stages according to the carbonization temperature: the first stage is to heat to 80-120℃ at a heating rate of 2.0-6.0℃ / min, and keep the temperature for 30-90min; the second stage is to heat to 200-400℃ at a heating rate of 2.0-8.0℃ / min, and keep the temperature for 30-90min; the third stage is to heat to 600-800℃ at a heating rate of 1.0-4.0℃ / min, and keep the temperature for 60-150min.

7. The method of producing a carbon material having a through-hole structure according to claim 6, characterized by: The third-stage carbonization temperature is dynamically related to the pressure, i.e., when the pressure is greater than or equal to 5MPa and less than or equal to 10MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 600-625℃; when the pressure is greater than 10MPa and less than or equal to 50MPa, the carbonization temperature is preferably 625-750℃.

8. The method of producing a carbon material having a through-hole structure according to claim 1, characterized by: The overall surface of the carbonized stems is modified by a plasma surface treatment technology, with a power range of 50-300W and a treatment time of 10s-8min.

9. A carbon material having a through-hole structure, characterized by, The carbon material is prepared according to the method for preparing a carbon material with a through-hole structure according to claim 1.

10. A water body purification method characterized by using the carbon material having a through-hole structure according to claim 9 for treatment. It comprises: In a light environment, the carbon material is vertically placed in the water body, and the part of the carbon material placed in the water body accounts for 20-80% of the overall height of the carbon material, and a condensing device is arranged above the carbon material.

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