Stacked battery and method of manufacturing the same

Abstract

The application provides a laminated battery and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: after a first battery body and a first electrode of a first sub-battery are prepared, a first connecting layer and an intermediate metal electrode are prepared on the first battery body, the intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected with a side surface of the first connecting layer, and the intermediate metal electrode is located on an opposite surface of the first electrode; a first extending electrode is prepared on the intermediate metal electrode, the first extending electrode extends along a normal direction of the first battery body; a second battery body and a second electrode of a second sub-battery are prepared on the first connecting layer and the intermediate metal electrode, the first extending electrode passes through the second battery body, and the position of the first extending electrode does not overlap with the position of the second electrode.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application mainly relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a stacked cell and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] A stacked cell is a photovoltaic device formed by stacking multiple semiconductor materials with different bandgaps together. This structure allows the cell to more effectively absorb and convert different parts of the solar spectrum, thereby improving the overall energy conversion efficiency.

[0003] Currently, the monitoring of the sub-cells of the stacked cell is mainly through photoluminescence or electroluminescence to monitor the performance of the sub-cell film. However, these methods can only roughly judge the performance trend of the sub-cell by fluorescence intensity, and cannot accurately obtain the performance parameters of the sub-cell. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a stacked cell and a preparation method thereof, which can solve the problem that the existing method cannot accurately obtain the performance parameters of the sub-cell.

[0005] To solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a preparation method of a stacked cell, comprising: after preparing a first cell body and a first electrode of a first sub-cell, preparing a first connecting layer and an intermediate metal electrode on the first cell body, the intermediate metal electrode being electrically connected with the side surface of the first connecting layer, and the intermediate metal electrode being located on the opposite surface of the first electrode; preparing a first extension electrode on the intermediate metal electrode, the first extension electrode extending along the normal direction of the first cell body; preparing a second cell body and a second electrode of a second sub-cell on the first connecting layer and the intermediate metal electrode, the first extension electrode penetrating through the second cell body, and the position of the first extension electrode not overlapping with the position of the second electrode.

[0006] Optionally, the second cell body is a multi-layer structure, the first extension electrode penetrates through the multi-layer structure, the electrical performance parameters of the first sub-cell are tested through the first extension electrode and the first electrode after each layer of the second cell body is prepared, and the process parameters for preparing the second sub-cell are adjusted according to the change of the electrical performance parameters of the first sub-cell.

[0007] Optionally, the electrical performance parameters of the second sub-cell are tested through the first extension electrode and the second electrode.

[0008] Optionally, the electrical performance parameters of the combination of the first sub-cell and the second sub-cell are tested through the second electrode and the first electrode.

[0009] Optionally, the intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected to at most three sides of the first connecting layer.

[0010] Optionally, further comprising: preparing a conductive second connecting layer on the second battery body, the second electrode being electrically connected to a side of the second connecting layer; preparing a second extension electrode on the second electrode, the second extension electrode extending along a normal direction of the second battery body; preparing a third battery body and a third electrode of a third sub-cell on the second connecting layer and the second electrode, the first extension electrode and the second extension electrode penetrating through the third battery body, positions of the first extension electrode, the second extension electrode and the third electrode not overlapping with each other.

[0011] Optionally, the first sub-cell is a crystalline silicon cell, and the second sub-cell is a perovskite cell.

[0012] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides a stacked battery, comprising: a first sub-cell and a second sub-cell stacked in sequence from bottom to top; wherein the first sub-cell comprises a first electrode, a first battery body, a first connecting layer, an intermediate metal electrode and a first extension electrode, the intermediate metal electrode is located on opposite sides of the first electrode, the intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected to a side of the first connecting layer, the first extension electrode is electrically connected to the intermediate metal electrode, and the first extension electrode extends along a normal direction of the first battery body; the second sub-cell comprises a second electrode and a second battery body, the second battery body is electrically connected to the first battery body through the first connecting layer and the intermediate metal electrode, the first extension electrode penetrates through the second battery body, and a position of the first extension electrode does not overlap with a position of the second electrode.

[0013] Optionally, the intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected to at most three sides of the first connecting layer.

[0014] Optionally, further comprising: a third sub-cell stacked on the second sub-cell;

[0015] wherein the second sub-cell further comprises a second connecting layer and a second extension electrode, the second electrode is electrically connected to a side of the second connecting layer, the second extension electrode is electrically connected to the second electrode, and the second extension electrode extends along a normal direction of the second battery body;

[0016] the third sub-cell comprises a third electrode and a third battery body, the first extension electrode and the second extension electrode penetrate through the third battery body, and positions of the first extension electrode, the second extension electrode and the third electrode do not overlap with each other.

[0017] Optionally, the first battery body comprises a silicon substrate layer, the second battery body comprises a second perovskite layer, and the third battery body comprises a third perovskite layer.

[0018] Optionally, the second perovskite layer has a band gap of 1.4-1.6 eV, and the third perovskite layer has a band gap of 1.7-2.1 eV.

[0019] Optionally, the second perovskite layer has a thickness of 600-1000 nm, and the third perovskite layer has a thickness of 300-600 nm.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0021] The stacked battery and the preparation method thereof realize the "full-process, lossless and accurate" monitoring of the bottom sub-battery in the preparation process of the stacked battery, and solve the industry problem that the performance of the bottom sub-battery can only be judged after the event and the process problem cannot be corrected in time in the traditional process. The innovation not only lies in the breakthrough of a single structure, but also lies in the integration of the "performance monitoring requirement" into the device preparation process. Through the ingenious electrode extension design, a closed-loop optimization system of "process - test - feedback" is built, which has important practical significance for improving the preparation yield and performance stability of the stacked battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and they are collected and constitute a part of the present application, which shows the embodiments of the present application, and together with the present specification, plays a role in explaining the principles of the present application.

[0023] Figures 1-10 is a process flow chart of the preparation method of the stacked battery of an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 11 is a structure cross-sectional view of a three-junction stacked battery of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should be within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings. The specific operation methods, function descriptions, etc. in the method embodiments can also be applied to the device embodiments or system embodiments.

[0027] For the stacked cell, the traditional external electrical measurement (such as the overall volt-ampere characteristic test) can only reflect the macroscopic performance of the battery, and cannot directly distinguish the voltage, current or power change of the single sub-cell. For example, when the efficiency of the stacked cell suddenly decreases, it is difficult to judge whether it is the photodegradation of the upper perovskite cell or the increase of the contact resistance of the lower silicon cell. This "black box effect" seriously hinders fault diagnosis and performance optimization. The structure of the stacked cell is designed in the present application, so that the performance parameters of the sub-cell can be easily monitored.

[0028] Figures 1-10 is a process flow chart of the preparation method of the stacked cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] The preparation method of the stacked cell comprises:

[0030] Step S1: preparing a first cell body 2 of a first sub-cell and a first electrode. The first electrode is located on the lower surface (not shown) of the first cell body 2.

[0031] In an embodiment, the first cell body 2 represents a crystalline silicon bottom cell, including but not limited to TOPCon, HJT, IBC, etc.

[0032] Step S2: preparing a first connecting layer 3 on the upper surface of the first cell body 2.

[0033] In an embodiment, the first connecting layer 3 is a transparent electrode, and the material thereof includes but is not limited to transparent conductive oxide (ITO, FTO, IZO, etc.).

[0034] Step S3: preparing a first intermediate metal electrode 4 on the upper surface of the first cell body 2, and the first intermediate metal electrode 4 is electrically connected with the side surface of the first connecting layer 3.

[0035] In the present embodiment, the first intermediate metal electrode 4 is electrically connected with three side surfaces of the first connecting layer 3. In other embodiments, the first intermediate metal electrode 4 can also be electrically connected with two side surfaces or one side surface of the first connecting layer 3.

[0036] The first intermediate metal electrode 4 of the present application is prepared around the edge of the first connecting layer 3, does not occupy the "light absorption active area" of the device, and will not reduce the effective working area of the first sub-cell.

[0037] In a conventional battery structure, the first intermediate metal electrode is four-sided surrounding the first connecting layer, so that the first intermediate metal electrode has the maximum contact area with the first connecting layer, the carrier collection is the most sufficient, and the device efficiency is the best. However, this four-sided surrounding design is not suitable for a stacked battery. The stacked battery needs to lead the current of the multiple sub-batteries out to the external circuit through the lead lines, which are usually located at the edge of the device. If the four-sided surrounding electrode is used, the metal layer will overlap the lead line area, resulting in short circuit or signal interference.

[0038] To solve this defect, the application preferentially selects the three side surfaces of the first intermediate metal electrode to be electrically connected with the first connecting layer. The three-sided surrounding electrode can avoid the lead line area and avoid short circuit. At the same time, compared with the four-sided surrounding electrode (with the highest charge collection efficiency), the three-sided surrounding electrode only lacks one side contact, and the contact area with the first connecting layer is reduced by a limited amount (usually still covering about 75% of the edge of the device). This design can ensure that most of the carriers (electrons or holes) in the active layer can still reach the metal electrode through a shorter path, and the carrier recombination loss is small; the key performance parameters (such as short-circuit current density Jsc, fill factor FF) of the device have little difference (usually within 5%) from those of the four-sided surrounding electrode, which can meet the core requirement of the stacked battery for “high-efficiency charge extraction”. Step S4: A first extension electrode 5 is prepared on the first intermediate metal electrode 4, and the first extension electrode 5 extends in the normal direction of the first battery body 2.

[0039] Step S5: A second hole transport layer 6 of a second sub-battery is prepared on the first connecting layer 3 and the first intermediate metal electrode 4, and the first extension electrode 5 passes through the second hole transport layer 6.

[0040] Step S6: A second light absorbing layer 7 is prepared on the second hole transport layer 6, and the first extension electrode 5 passes through the second light absorbing layer 7.

[0041] In an embodiment, the second light absorbing layer is a perovskite layer.

[0042] Step S7: A second electron transport layer 8 is prepared on the second light absorbing layer 7, and the first extension electrode 5 passes through the second electron transport layer 8.

[0043] In some embodiments, after the first connecting layer is prepared, the second hole transport layer is not immediately prepared, but a first intermediate metal electrode is prepared around the first connecting layer, and a thicker first extension electrode is prepared on the first intermediate metal electrode. By testing the first extension electrode and the first electrode, the performance parameters of the first sub-cell can be accurately obtained. Since the first extension electrode is thicker, the first extension electrode will be exposed during the subsequent preparation of the second hole transport layer, the second light absorption layer, and the second electron transport layer. Therefore, after each layer of the second sub-cell is prepared (e.g., after coating the second hole transport layer, after evaporating the second light absorption layer, etc.), the electrical performance parameters of the first sub-cell can be tested through the first extension electrode and the first electrode. The electrical performance parameters include, but are not limited to, open-circuit voltage Voc, short-circuit current Jsc, and fill factor FF. The process parameters for preparing the second sub-cell are adjusted according to the changes in the electrical performance parameters of the first sub-cell.

[0044] If the monitored parameters change (e.g., a decrease in open-circuit voltage Voc may indicate that the first sub-cell is eroded by subsequent processes), the preparation parameters of the second sub-cell (e.g., temperature, solvent, deposition rate, etc.) are adjusted in real time to avoid batch failure.

[0045] Step S8: A second connecting layer 9 is prepared on the second electron transport layer 8.

[0046] Step S9: A second intermediate metal electrode 10 is prepared on the second electron transport layer 8, and the second intermediate metal electrode 10 is electrically connected to the side surface of the second connecting layer 9.

[0047] In this embodiment, the second intermediate metal electrode 10 needs to be rotated 180 degrees in the direction of the first intermediate metal electrode 4. The position of the first extension electrode 5 does not overlap with the position of the second intermediate metal electrode 10.

[0048] Step S10: A reflection reduction layer 16 is prepared on the second electron transport layer 8. The second intermediate metal electrode 10 and the first extension electrode 5 are exposed outside the reflection reduction layer 16.

[0049] The performance monitoring of the sub-cell of the traditional stacked battery often faces problems such as "unable to test in real time", "inaccurate testing", and "damaging the device". To solve this problem, the present application achieves the following functions:

[0050] 1. Real-time monitoring is achieved throughout the process, rather than post-detection.

[0051] The traditional scheme is to disassemble or indirectly calculate the performance of the bottom sub-cell (first sub-cell) after the preparation of the entire stacked battery, which cannot capture the influence of the preparation process of each layer of the top sub-cell on the bottom sub-cell (for example, the solvent of the second hole transport layer may dissolve the first connecting layer at the bottom). The present application can accurately locate "which layer of process damages the bottom sub-cell" by "introducing an extended electrode in advance", and provide real-time feedback for process optimization.

[0052] 2. The monitoring interface is "anti-interference and high stability", and the test data is accurate

[0053] The present application can reduce the contact resistance, ensure the stability of the test signal, and avoid parameter errors caused by poor interface contact by using the double-layer structure of "first intermediate metal electrode + first extended electrode" instead of directly introducing the first extended electrode from the first connecting layer.

[0054] 3. No damage to the device, and no impact on the final performance of the stacked battery

[0055] The first intermediate metal electrode of the present application is prepared around the edge of the first connecting layer, does not occupy the "light absorption active area" of the device, and does not reduce the effective working area of the bottom sub-cell; at the same time, the presence of the first extended electrode does not hinder the interlayer stacking of the subsequent top sub-cell (only needs to avoid the extended electrode area to deposit the functional layer), and the photoelectric performance of the final device is not negatively affected by the monitoring structure.

[0056] Steps S1-S10 prepare a two-junction stacked battery. In other embodiments, the above structure and method are also applicable to other stacked batteries, including but not limited to three-junction and above-junction stacked batteries

[0057] Taking the preparation of a three-junction stacked battery as an example, the preparation method further includes stacking a third sub-cell on the second sub-cell to form a three-junction stacked battery. As shown in Figure 11 , specifically, after the preparation of the second intermediate metal electrode 10 in step S9, a second extended electrode 11 is prepared on the second intermediate metal electrode 10, the second extended electrode 11 extends along the normal direction of the second sub-cell; the third cell body and the third electrode 15 of the third sub-cell are prepared on the second connecting layer 9 and the second intermediate metal electrode 10, the first extended electrode 5 and the second extended electrode 11 pass through the third cell body, and the positions of the first extended electrode 5, the second extended electrode 11 and the third electrode 15 do not overlap with each other.

[0058] Figure 11 is a structure sectional view of a three-junction stacked battery according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 11 Figure 11 , the three-junction stacked battery 100 includes:

[0059] The first sub-cell, the second sub-cell, and the third sub-cell are stacked from bottom to top in sequence;

[0060] The first sub-cell includes a first electrode 1, a first cell body 2, a first connecting layer 3, a first intermediate metal electrode 4, and a first extension electrode 5. The first intermediate metal electrode 4 is electrically connected with the side surface of the first connecting layer 3. The first extension electrode 5 is electrically connected with the first intermediate metal electrode 4, and the first extension electrode 5 extends along the normal direction of the first sub-cell.

[0061] The second sub-cell includes a second hole transport layer 6, a second light absorption layer 7, a second electron transport layer 8, a second connecting layer 9, a second intermediate metal electrode 10, and a second extension electrode 11. The second intermediate metal electrode 10 is electrically connected with the side surface of the second connecting layer 9. The second extension electrode 11 is electrically connected with the second intermediate metal electrode 10, and the second extension electrode 11 extends along the normal direction of the second sub-cell.

[0062] The third sub-cell includes a third hole transport layer 12, a third light absorption layer 13, a third electron transport layer 14, and a third electrode 15. The second extension electrode 11 penetrates the third hole transport layer 12, the third light absorption layer 13, and the third electron transport layer 14. The first extension electrode 5 penetrates the second hole transport layer 6, the second light absorption layer 7, the second electron transport layer 8, the third hole transport layer 12, the third light absorption layer 13, and the third electron transport layer 14. The positions of the first extension electrode 5, the second extension electrode 11, and the third electrode 15 do not overlap with each other.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 15 include but are not limited to transparent conductive oxides (ITO, FTO, IZO, etc.), conductive polymers, and metal electrodes (Ag, Au, etc.), with a thickness of 100-1000 nm.

[0064] The second hole transport layer 6 and the third hole transport layer 12 include but are not limited to organic small molecule materials (PTAA, HTM-1, HTM-2, etc.), inorganic materials (NiO, CuO, etc.), with a thickness of 1-50 nm.

[0065] The second electron transport layer 8 and the third electron transport layer 14 include but are not limited to TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, etc. transparent oxides, with a thickness of 5-50 nm.

[0066] The first connecting layer 3 and the second connecting layer 9 include but are not limited to transparent conductive oxides (ITO, FTO, IZO, etc.), with a thickness of 10-50 nm.

[0067] The first cell body 2 is a crystalline silicon bottom cell, including but not limited to TOPCon, HJT, IBC, etc. types, with a thickness of 80-180 μm.

[0068] The second light absorption layer 7 is a middle bandgap perovskite layer with a bandgap of 1.4-1.6 eV and a thickness of 600-1000 nm. Its structure is ABX3, where A is one or more of FA+, MA+, Cs+, Rb+, B is one or more of Pb2+, Sn2+, and X is one or more of I-, Br-, Cl-, SCN-, OCN-.

[0069] The third light absorption layer 13 is a wide bandgap perovskite layer with a bandgap of 1.7-2.1 eV and a thickness of 300-600 nm. Its structure is ABX3, where A is one or more of FA+, MA+, Cs+, Rb+, B is one or more of Pb2+, Sn2+, and X is one or more of I-, Br-, Cl-, SCN-, OCN-.

[0070] The three-junction tandem cell of the present application has different roles for each light absorption layer, as follows:

[0071] The first cell body (crystalline silicon bottom cell): The crystalline silicon bottom cell has a relatively narrow bandgap of about 0.9-1.1 eV, mainly capturing near-infrared light. Since the AM1.5G solar spectrum contains a large amount of near-infrared light, the crystalline silicon bottom cell can absorb this part of low-energy photons and convert them into electrical energy, thereby making full use of the solar spectrum and reducing energy loss. In addition, the crystalline silicon cell has a long carrier lifetime and good stability, providing a stable foundation for the entire tandem cell.

[0072] The second light absorption layer (middle bandgap perovskite layer): The middle bandgap perovskite layer has a bandgap of 1.4-1.6 eV, responsible for converting mid-range visible light. The mid-range visible light in the solar spectrum has moderate energy, and this layer of material can effectively absorb these photons and convert them into electron-hole pairs, further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. The A, B, and X ions in its ABX3 structure can be adjusted through different combinations to adjust the bandgap and other properties to meet different application requirements.

[0073] The third light absorption layer (wide bandgap perovskite layer): The wide bandgap perovskite layer has a bandgap of 1.7-2.1 eV, specifically absorbing high-energy ultraviolet and visible light. When sunlight is incident from the transparent electrode, high-energy photons are first absorbed by the wide bandgap perovskite layer, so that photons of all wavebands can be absorbed by the most suitable material layer, achieving more comprehensive utilization of the solar spectrum. This helps to reduce thermalization loss, improve spectral utilization, and thus improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency of the tandem cell.

[0074] In some embodiments, the intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected with three sides of the first connecting layer, and the three sides surround the electrode, which balances the higher charge collection efficiency and the process compatibility (such as avoiding the interconnection structure, simplifying the preparation, and protecting the sensitive layer).

[0075] The laminated battery and the preparation method thereof realize the "full-process, non-destructive and accurate" monitoring of the bottom sub-battery in the preparation process of the laminated battery, and solve the industry problem that the performance of the bottom sub-battery can only be judged after the event and the process problem cannot be corrected in time in the traditional process. The innovation point is not the breakthrough of a single structure, but the integration of the "performance monitoring requirement" into the device preparation process. Through the ingenious electrode extension design, a closed-loop optimization system of "process - test - feedback" is built, which has important practical significance for improving the preparation yield and performance stability of the laminated battery.

[0076] In addition, it should be noted that the use of the terms "first", "second" and the like is merely intended to distinguish the corresponding components, and the above terms have no special meaning unless otherwise stated. In addition, although the terms used in the present application are selected from known and commonly used terms, some terms mentioned in the specification of the present application may be selected by the applicant according to his or her judgment, and the detailed meanings thereof are described in the relevant part of the description. In addition, the present application is not only required to be understood by the actual terms used, but also by the meaning implied by each term.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for some technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0078] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0079] Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present application are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the application can be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims

1. A method for producing a stacked battery, characterized by, Comprising: After the first cell body and the first electrode of the first sub-cell are prepared, a first connecting layer and an intermediate metal electrode are prepared on the first cell body, the intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected with the side surface of the first connecting layer, and the intermediate metal electrode is located on the opposite side of the first electrode; A first extension electrode is prepared on the intermediate metal electrode, and the first extension electrode extends along the normal direction of the first cell body; The second cell body and the second electrode of the second sub-cell are prepared on the first connecting layer and the intermediate metal electrode, the first extension electrode passes through the second cell body, and the position of the first extension electrode does not overlap with the position of the second electrode.

2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein Further comprising: The second cell body is a multi-layer structure, and the first extension electrode passes through the multi-layer structure; After each layer of the second cell body is prepared, the electrical performance parameters of the first sub-cell are tested through the first extension electrode and the first electrode; The process parameters for preparing the second sub-cell are adjusted according to the changes of the electrical performance parameters of the first sub-cell.

3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein Further comprising: The electrical performance parameters of the second sub-cell are tested through the first extension electrode and the second electrode.

4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein Further comprising: The electrical performance parameters of the combination of the first sub-cell and the second sub-cell are tested through the second electrode and the first electrode.

5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein The intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected with at most three side surfaces of the first connecting layer.

6. The production method according to claim 1, wherein Further comprising: A conductive second connecting layer is prepared on the second cell body, and the second electrode is electrically connected with the side surface of the second connecting layer; A second extension electrode is prepared on the second electrode, and the second extension electrode extends along the normal direction of the second cell body; The third cell body and the third electrode of the third sub-cell are prepared on the second connecting layer and the second electrode, the first extension electrode and the second extension electrode pass through the third cell body, and the positions of the first extension electrode, the second extension electrode and the third electrode do not overlap with each other.

7. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The first sub-cell is a crystalline silicon cell, and the second sub-cell is a perovskite cell.

8. A stacked battery characterized by comprising: Comprising: The first sub-cell and the second sub-cell are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; The first sub-cell comprises a first electrode, a first cell body, a first connecting layer, an intermediate metal electrode and a first extension electrode, the intermediate metal electrode is located on the opposite side of the first electrode, the intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected with the side surface of the first connecting layer, the first extension electrode is electrically connected with the intermediate metal electrode, and the first extension electrode extends along the normal direction of the first cell body; The second sub-cell comprises a second electrode and a second cell body, the second cell body is electrically connected with the first cell body through the first connecting layer and the intermediate metal electrode, the first extension electrode passes through the second cell body, and the position of the first extension electrode does not overlap with the position of the second electrode.

9. The stacked battery of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte. The intermediate metal electrode is electrically connected with at most three side surfaces of the first connecting layer.

10. The stacked battery of claim 8, wherein the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte. Further comprising: A third sub-cell is stacked on the second sub-cell; The second sub-cell further comprises a second connecting layer and a second extension electrode, the second electrode is electrically connected with the side surface of the second connecting layer, the second extension electrode is electrically connected with the second electrode, and the second extension electrode extends along the normal direction of the second cell body. The third sub-cell comprises a third electrode and a third cell body, the first extension electrode and the second extension electrode pass through the third cell body, and the positions of the first extension electrode, the second extension electrode and the third electrode do not overlap with each other.

11. The stacked battery of claim 10, wherein the first and second separators are each a porous polyolefin separator. The first cell body comprises a silicon substrate layer, the second cell body comprises a second perovskite layer, and the third cell body comprises a third perovskite layer.

12. The stacked battery of claim 11, wherein the first and second separators are each a porous polyolefin separator. The band gap of the second perovskite layer is 1.4-1.6 eV, and the band gap of the third perovskite layer is 1.7-2.1 eV.

13. The stacked battery of claim 11, wherein the first and second separators are made of a porous material. The thickness of the second perovskite layer is 600-1000 nm, and the thickness of the third perovskite layer is 300-600 nm.

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