Dictyophora indusiata cultivation method

Abstract

The invention provides a dictyophora indusiata cultivation method. The dictyophora indusiata cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing cultivation materials; s2, stack retting fermentation; s3, furrow preparation of a cultivation field; s4, blanking and sowing; and S5, fruiting management. The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product cultivation, and provides a bamboo fungus cultivation method which is high in yield, simple to operate and easy to implement, popularize and promote, the survival rate and yield of bamboo fungi can be greatly increased, the supply is increased, the income is increased, and the healthy development of related agriculture is promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural product cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of Dictyophora. BACKGROUND

[0002] Dictyophora (scientific name: Dictyophora Desv) is an genus under the order of phallales and the family of phallaceae, and is also known as bamboo fungus, bamboo stem and bamboo stem. There are four commonly seen and edible species, including Dictyophora indusiata, Dictyophora short skirt, Dictyophora spinosa and Dictyophora erythrocarpa. Dictyophora is known as the "Queen of Fungi", and is one of the precious edible fungi in China. It has high nutritional value, contains 21 kinds of amino acids (including 8 kinds of essential amino acids which cannot be synthesized in the human body and are indispensable), and is a good plant protein source and nutrient source. Dictyophora also has high medicinal value, has the functions of ginseng and physiological alkaline food, has the effects of tonifying qi and nourishing yin, moistening the lungs to stop coughing, clearing heat and diuresis, and has good effects on obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. In addition, the active substance in Dictyophora, Dictyophora polysaccharide, can relieve and control the spread of cancer cells, and long-term consumption also has the effects of preventing and resisting cancer.

[0003] Dictyophora has the characteristics of liking warmth, moisture and shade, and also has the growth characteristics of fearing high temperature, waterlogging and strong light. Therefore, the cultivation of Dictyophora has great difficulty, and it is of great significance to provide a Dictyophora cultivation method with high yield and simple operation. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the inventors have conducted a systematic study on the cultivation and influencing factors of Dictyophora, and provide a cultivation method of Dictyophora, which is simple to cultivate, has good cultivation effect and high yield.

[0005] The purpose of the application will be further embodied and explained by the following detailed description.

[0006] The application provides a cultivation method of Dictyophora, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: preparation of cultivation material: 20-42 parts by weight of coarse material, 5-20 parts by weight of fine material, 1-5 parts by weight of nutritional auxiliary material or compound fertilizer, and 55-70 parts by weight of water are taken and uniformly stirred to obtain the cultivation material; the coarse material is selected from corn stalks, sugarcane residues or bamboo fragments, and the fine material is selected from wood chips or bamboo leaves;

[0008] S2: stacking and fermentation: the cultivation material is stacked and fermented, and the stacking is turned over once every 15-20 days, and the stacking is turned over 2-3 times to mature the fermentation, so as to obtain the cultivation substrate;

[0009] S3 Cultivation site: choose a forest land with loose and breathable soil, first dig a drainage ditch around the forest land, make a bed along the contour direction, the bed width is 0.45-0.7 meters, and a 20-30 cm wide human passage is set between each bed, the bed is shaped like a "turtle back", after the bed is made, the soil can be disinfected by spraying pesticides inside and outside the bed;

[0010] S4 Down seed: adjust the water content of the cultivation substrate to 58-65%, 9-12 kg of dry material per square meter, spread on the bed made in step S3, the thickness is 10-12 cm; the bamboo fungus spores are cut into blocks, and are planted in a plum blossom pattern every 5-8 cm, then a layer of 2.5-3.5 cm thick cultivation substrate is covered, and then 3-5 cm of soil is covered, and then a suitable amount of cover is covered;

[0011] S5 Mushroom management: 6-8 days after sowing, the surviving bamboo fungus mycelium begins to germinate, the temperature is maintained at 20-28℃, and the humidity of the cultivation substrate is maintained at 60%-70%, after 14-20 days, mature mycelium gradually forms a mycelium, after the mycelium is formed, a large number of primordia are formed under stimulation, after 8-15 days of cultivation, the primordia develop into small buds; increase the humidity to 80%-92%, and the small buds are cultivated for 20-25 days to harvest the fruiting bodies.

[0012] The above-mentioned bamboo fungus cultivation method is obtained by the inventors through a large number of tests, screening and optimization, and has good cultivation effect, high survival rate, and good quality and yield. By using the above technical scheme, the cultivation material includes a certain proportion of coarse material and fine material, which is beneficial to the growth of mycelium; the purpose of composting and fermenting the cultivation material is to kill bacteria, pests and the like in the cultivation material, while accelerating the reproduction of actinomycetes that promote the growth of bamboo fungus mycelium, and improving the degradation speed of the cultivation material; the bed is shaped like a "turtle back", and the soil at the bottom of the bed is loosened to ensure that the bed does not accumulate water. By optimizing the water content and unit dosage of the cultivation substrate, the cultivation effect is improved; by optimizing and adjusting the temperature and humidity, the growth of young buds at different stages is accelerated.

[0013] Preferably, the nutritional auxiliary material includes urea, light calcium carbonate and gypsum powder.

[0014] More preferably, in the nutritional auxiliary material, the mass ratio of urea, light calcium carbonate and gypsum powder is (2-4):(1-2):(1-2). Further preferably, the mass ratio of urea, light calcium carbonate and gypsum powder is 2:1:1.

[0015] Preferably, the bamboo fungus is Disporostereum sinense, Disporostereum sordidum, Disporostereum rubrum or Disporostereum spinulosum.

[0016] Preferably, the canopy density of the forest land is 0.7-0.8.

[0017] Preferably, the pH value of the soil of the forest land is 5-6.

[0018] Preferably, the temperature of the composting fermentation is 22-28°C, and the humidity is maintained at 55%-75%.

[0019] Preferably, the agent is 0.1% carbendazim, 70% thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times dilution, or 0.1% phoxim.

[0020] Preferably, the size of the fungal block is 2.5-3.5 cm × 2.5-3.5 cm.

[0021] Preferably, the covering material is selected from straw, bamboo leaves or bulrush, and the thickness of the covering material is 0.8-1.5 cm.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: the present invention provides a bamboo fungus cultivation method with high yield and simple operation, which is easy to implement and popularize, and can greatly improve the survival rate and yield of bamboo fungus, increase supply and increase income, and promote the healthy development of related agriculture. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0024] In this invention, all materials / raw materials are commercially available products or can be obtained through conventional technical means in the field.

[0025] Example 1: Cultivation Method of Bamboo Fungus

[0026] The cultivation method of bamboo fungus includes the following steps:

[0027] Preparation of S1 cultivation material: Take 28 parts by weight of coarse material, 10 parts by weight of fine material, 2 parts by weight of nutrient supplement, and 60 parts by weight of water, and stir evenly to obtain the cultivation material; the coarse material is composed of corn stalks and bamboo chips in a 1:1 mass ratio, and the fine material is sawdust; the nutrient supplement includes urea, light calcium carbonate and gypsum powder in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0028] S2 Composting: The cultivation material is composted and fermented, and the pile is turned over once every 18 days. After turning over 3 times, the fermentation is mature and the cultivation substrate is obtained. The temperature of the composting fermentation is 24-26℃ and the humidity is maintained at 58%-65%.

[0029] Preparation of planting beds for S3 cultivation sites: Select woodland with loose, well-aerated soil and a soil pH of 5.2-5.8, and a canopy closure of 0.7-0.8. First, dig drainage ditches around the perimeter of the woodland, and then construct planting beds along the contour lines. The beds should be 0.55-0.6 meters wide, and the length depends on the site conditions. Provide 22-26 cm wide walkways between the beds, shaping them into a "turtle-back" shape. After the beds are constructed, spray the soil inside and outside the beds with a 0.1% carbendazim solution for soil disinfection.

[0030] S4 Sowing: Adjust the water content of the cultivation substrate to 60%, and spread 10 kg of dry material per square meter onto the prepared bed in step S3, with a thickness of 10.3-10.8 cm; break the red-topped bamboo fungus spawn into fungal blocks, with the size of the blocks being 2.8-3.2 cm × 2.8-3.2 cm, and sow one hole every 6-7 cm in a plum blossom pattern, then spread a 2.8-3.2 cm thick layer of cultivation substrate on the surface, then cover with 3.2-4 cm of soil, and then cover with bamboo leaves with a thickness of 0.9-1.2 cm;

[0031] S5 Mushroom Management: Seven days after sowing, the mycelium of the surviving bamboo fungus spawn begins to germinate. Maintain the temperature at 24-26℃ and the humidity of the cultivation substrate at 62%-68%. After 16 days, mature mycelium gradually forms mycelial cords. After the mycelial cords form, they are stimulated to form a large number of primordia. After 10 days of cultivation, the primordia develop into small buds. Increase the humidity to 85%-90%. After 22 days of cultivation, the fruiting bodies are harvested. If the red-topped bamboo fungus spawn turns black, it indicates that it has died. The survival rate of red-topped bamboo fungus is 98.6%.

[0032] Example 2: Cultivation method of bamboo fungus

[0033] The cultivation method of bamboo fungus includes the following steps:

[0034] Preparation of S1 cultivation material: Take 32 parts by weight of coarse material, 10 parts by weight of fine material, 2 parts by weight of compound fertilizer, and 56 parts by weight of water, and stir evenly to obtain the cultivation material; the coarse material is composed of corn stalks and sugarcane bagasse in a 1:1 mass ratio, and the fine material is composed of sawdust and bamboo leaves in a 3:1 mass ratio.

[0035] S2 Composting: The cultivation material is composted and fermented. The compost is turned over once every 19 days. After turning over 3 times, the fermentation is mature and the cultivation substrate is obtained. The temperature of the composting fermentation is 24-26℃ and the humidity is maintained at 60%-66%.

[0036] Preparation of planting beds for S3 cultivation sites: Select woodland with loose, well-aerated soil and a soil pH of 5.4-5.8, and a canopy closure of 0.7-0.8. First, dig drainage ditches around the perimeter of the woodland, and then construct planting beds along the contour lines. The beds should be 0.58-0.65 meters wide, and the length depends on the site conditions. Provide 21-24 cm wide walkways between the beds, shaping them into a "turtle-back" shape. After the beds are constructed, spray the soil inside and outside the beds with a 0.1% phoxim disinfectant.

[0037] S4 Sowing: Adjust the water content of the cultivation substrate to 62%, and spread 10 kg of dry material per square meter onto the prepared bed in step S3, with a thickness of 10.5-11.2 cm; break the red-topped bamboo fungus spawn into fungal blocks, sow one hole every 6-7 cm in a plum blossom pattern, then spread a 2.6-3.1 cm thick layer of cultivation substrate on the surface, then cover with 3.2-4.5 cm of soil, and then cover with 0.9-1.2 cm thick straw;

[0038] S5 Mushroom Management: Seven days after sowing, the surviving bamboo fungus spawn begins to germinate. Maintain the temperature at 25-28℃ and the substrate humidity at 62%-66%. After 15 days, mature mycelium gradually forms mycelial cords. After the mycelial cords form, they are stimulated to form a large number of primordia. After 10 days of cultivation, the primordia develop into small buds. Increase the humidity to 90%-94%. After 22 days of cultivation, the fruiting bodies are harvested. The survival rate of red-topped bamboo fungus exceeds 98.1%.

[0039] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of jackfruit, characterized by comprising the steps of: It comprises the following steps: ​ S1: preparation of cultivation material: 20-42 parts by weight of coarse material, 5-20 parts by weight of fine material, 1-5 parts by weight of nutritional auxiliary material or compound fertilizer, 55-70 parts by weight of water are taken, and stirred uniformly to obtain the cultivation material; the coarse material is selected from corn stalks, sugarcane residues or bamboo fragments, and the fine material is selected from wood chips or bamboo leaves; S2: composting and fermentation: the cultivation material is composted and fermented, and the pile is turned over once every 15-20 days; after turning over 2-3 times, the fermentation is matured to obtain the cultivation substrate; S3: whole ridge of cultivation site: a forest land with loose and breathable soil is selected, a drainage ditch is opened around the forest land, and a ridge bed is made along the contour line direction, the ridge bed is 0.45-0.7 meters wide, a human walking channel with a width of 20-30 cm is arranged between the ridge beds, the whole ridge is in the shape of "turtle back", and after the ridge is made, a pesticide is sprayed inside and outside the ridge bed to disinfect the soil; S4: seeding: the water content of the cultivation substrate is adjusted to 58-65%, 9-12 kg of dry material per square meter is laid on the whole ridge made in step S3, and the thickness is 10-12 cm; the bamboo fungus spores are broken into spore blocks, which are planted in a plum blossom pattern with one hole every 5-8 cm, then a layer of 2.5-3.5 cm thick cultivation substrate is laid on the surface, 3-5 cm of soil is covered, and then an appropriate amount of cover is covered; S5: mushroom management: 6-8 days after seeding, the survived bamboo fungus spores begin to germinate, the temperature is kept at 20-28℃, and the humidity of the cultivation substrate is kept at 60%-70%; after 14-20 days, mature mycelium gradually forms a mycelium cord, the mycelium cord is stimulated to form a large number of primordia, after 8-15 days of cultivation, the primordia develop into small buds; the humidity is increased to 80%-92%, and the small buds are cultivated for 20-25 days to harvest the fruiting bodies.

2. The cultivation method of the jack-in-the-pulpit according to claim 1, characterized by: The nutritional auxiliary material comprises urea, light calcium carbonate and gypsum powder.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: In the nutritional auxiliary material, the mass ratio of urea, light calcium carbonate and gypsum powder is (2-4):(1-2):(1-2).

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The bamboo fungus is Rhizoma Dispori, Rhizoma Dispori brevicaulis, Rhizoma Dispori rubiginosum or Rhizoma Dispori spinosum.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The forest land has a canopy density of 0.7-0.

8.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The soil pH value of the forest land is 5-6.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The temperature of the composting and fermentation is 22-28℃, and the humidity is kept at 55%-75%.

8. The cultivation method of the jackfruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The pesticide is 0.1% carbendazim, 70% methylthiophanate 1000 times liquid or 0.1% phoxim.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The size of the spore block is 2.5-3.5 cm × 2.5-3.5 cm. The cover is selected from rice straw, bamboo leaves or bamboo culm sheath, and the thickness of the cover is 0.8-1.5 cm.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: ​