A tool changing device for machining a gearbox housing

Abstract

The present application relates to machine tool accessory technical field, specifically for a kind of tool changing tooling for gearbox shell processing, including stand, rotatably installed on the seat plate cylinder seat, drive mechanism being arranged on the seat plate and disc being fixed on the top of cylinder seat, drive mechanism is used to drive cylinder seat rotation, and there are several clamping jaws in annular array above disc and close to its edge;The seat plate is arranged on the stand by translation mechanism, and the translation mechanism is used to drive the overall translation of disc and the clamping jaw thereon, to realize the feeding and back-off action when changing tool;Counterweight is vertically limited slidingly installed on the inner wall of cylinder seat in uniform distribution.The gravity traction of counterweight is used as driving force source in the present application, which avoids the defects of irreversible deformation and spring force attenuation after long-term use of spring, and cooperates with the precise transmission of gravity linkage mechanism and the adaptive clamping of arc-shaped clamping member and annular groove, to continuously provide stable and reliable clamping force for tool, so that the position deviation of tool in the process of changing tool and transferring is effectively controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool accessories technology, specifically a tool changing fixture for machining gearbox housings. Background Technology

[0002] The gearbox housing is made primarily of aluminum alloy or cast iron. It is first made into a blank through processes such as die casting and sand casting. Then, it is roughly machined to remove most of the excess material to achieve a preliminary shape. Subsequently, it is precision machined to ensure the dimensional tolerances and positional accuracy of key parts such as bearing holes and mounting surfaces. Afterward, deburring and surface treatment are performed to improve corrosion resistance and assembly compatibility. Finally, through quality control processes such as dimensional inspection and non-destructive testing, it is ensured that the housing meets the load-bearing, sealing, and precision fitting requirements of the gearbox transmission system.

[0003] When performing precision machining on machine tools, different types of cutting tools are required due to steps such as drilling, grooving, and cutting. Therefore, during the machining process, the machine tool will use a tool changer to switch tools. The rotary tool changer commonly used in the prior art uses several jaws arranged in a ring on a disc. The rotation of the disc drives the jaws to change positions to achieve tool changing. Most of the jaws of this type of tool changer use springs to provide elastic clamping force to hold and fix the tool. After long-term use, the springs will undergo irreversible deformation and even weaken, resulting in insufficient clamping force of the jaws on the tool. Consequently, the positioning deviation of the tool increases and the clamping stability decreases during the tool changing process, which can easily affect the machining quality of the gearbox housing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tool changing fixture for machining gearbox housings, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0006] A tool changing fixture for machining a gearbox housing includes a support frame, a cylindrical base rotatably mounted on a base plate, a drive mechanism mounted on the base plate, and a disc fixed to the top of the cylindrical base. The drive mechanism drives the cylindrical base to rotate. Several grippers are arranged in a ring above the disc and near its edge. The base plate is mounted on the support frame via a translation mechanism, which drives the disc and its grippers to translate as a whole, thus achieving feed and retraction during tool changing. Counterweights are vertically limited and slidably mounted on the inner wall of the cylindrical base at positions corresponding to the grippers. Each gripper and its corresponding counterweight is connected via a gravity-driven linkage mechanism. Each gripper includes a hinged base and a pair of gripping arms. The hinged base is fixed on the disc, and the two gripping arms are symmetrically hinged to the hinged base. When the counterweights move downwards due to gravity, the gravity-driven linkage mechanism causes the two gripping arms to swing closer together, reducing the angle between the two gripping arms and achieving tool positioning and clamping.

[0007] Preferably, the gripper also includes a pair of shafts and a pair of swing arms; the two shafts are symmetrically and rotatably mounted on the hinge seats, and each shaft is fixed with a swing arm; the gripper is fixed to the end of the swing arm; a side frame is fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder seat at a position corresponding to each hinge seat, and a slide rod is vertically fixed on each side frame; the counterweights are slidably fitted onto the slide rods, and the side surface of the counterweights slides against the inner wall of the cylinder seat.

[0008] Preferably, each of the two clamping arms in the same clamping jaw has an arc-shaped retaining member fixed on one side that is close to each other; the shape of the two arc-shaped retaining members is adapted to the annular groove on the tool body; when the angle between the two clamping arms is adjusted to the minimum, the two arc-shaped retaining members fit and retain in the annular groove to clamp and fix the tool body.

[0009] Preferably, the gravity linkage mechanism includes rack A, gear B, and toothed roller. Each hinged seat has a through-hole that extends through the inside and outside of the cylinder. Rack A is horizontally and slidably mounted within each through-hole, passing between two shafts at the corresponding positions. Each shaft extends through to the bottom of the disc, and gear B is fixed to the bottom of each shaft. A toothed roller is rotatably mounted inside the cylinder and below each through-hole. Rack B is vertically fixed to the top of each counterweight, meshing with the toothed roller at the corresponding position. Rack A has teeth on both sides and its lower surface. The teeth on both sides of rack A mesh with the gears B on both sides, and the teeth on the lower surface of rack A mesh with the toothed roller.

[0010] Preferably, the translation mechanism includes a slide block, a slide rail, and a push cylinder; slide blocks are evenly fixed on both sides above the frame, and slide rails are slidably installed on the slide blocks on the same side; the seat plate is fixed above the two slide rails; a fixed seat is fixed on the frame, the push cylinder is fixed on the fixed seat, and the extension end of the push cylinder is fixedly connected to the side of the seat plate.

[0011] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a drive motor, gear A, and an internal gear ring; the drive motor is fixed on the base plate and located inside the cylinder seat, gear A is fixed on the output shaft of the drive motor; the internal gear ring is fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder seat and meshes with gear A.

[0012] Preferably, a cleaning mechanism is provided on one side of the seat plate for cleaning the replaced blades; the cleaning mechanism includes a stand, a push cylinder and a cleaning hood; the stand is vertically fixed to the side of the seat plate, and the push cylinder is vertically fixed at the bottom of the seat plate; a horizontally extending connecting plate is fixed to the telescopic end of the push cylinder, and the cleaning hood is fixed to the side of the connecting plate with the opening of the cleaning hood facing upward.

[0013] Preferably, a flow guide box is fixed through the side of the cleaning hood, and several air nozzles are arranged in a vertical array on one side of the flow guide box inside the cleaning hood; an inlet connected to the inside of the flow guide box is connected to the outside of the cleaning hood, and the inlet is connected to the blowing equipment through a pipe; a dust suction pipe is connected to the bottom of the cleaning hood, and the other end of the dust suction pipe is connected to an industrial dust collection device.

[0014] Preferably, a vertically extending vertical rod is rotatably mounted below the suspension at the top of the support frame, and a drive motor is fixed above the suspension at the top of the support frame. The output shaft of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the vertical rod. A piston chamber is provided inside the vertical rod, and a piston body is matched and installed inside the piston chamber. A guide rod is rotatably mounted on the lower surface of the piston body. The guide rod extends through to the bottom of the vertical rod and is connected to a connecting plate. An annular airbag is fixedly fitted on the outside of the vertical rod near the top of the piston chamber. Several guide holes are evenly distributed around the vertical rod. The guide holes are used to connect the annular airbag and the piston chamber. When the piston body moves upward, the annular airbag can be inflated. When the annular airbag is inflated, it can expand and extend radially outward.

[0015] Preferably, a bracket is fixed on the base plate, and a retaining ring is fixed on the top of the bracket; a limit block is fixed on the side of each counterweight, and when the counterweight descends to the limit position, the limit block is located below the retaining ring and slides and fits with the retaining ring; a notch is opened on the retaining ring at the position corresponding to the tool changing station, and when the gripper is rotated and adjusted to the tool changing station, the position of the limit block and the notch are aligned.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0017] This invention utilizes the gravity traction of the counterweight as the driving force source, avoiding the defects of irreversible deformation and elasticity decay of springs after long-term use. Combined with the precise transmission of the gravity linkage mechanism and the matching clamping of the arc-shaped clamping component and the annular groove, it can continuously provide a stable and reliable clamping force for the tool, so that the position deviation of the tool during tool changing and transfer can be effectively controlled.

[0018] This invention utilizes the directional blowing of the air nozzles and the synergistic effect of negative pressure suction to efficiently remove debris adhering to the working part of the cutting tool. Simultaneously, after the annular airbag is inflated, it presses against the outer wall of the cutting tool body, and the drive motor drives the vertical rod to rotate the cutting tool body. Combined with the vertical array arrangement of the air nozzles, it achieves full-circumference cleaning of the cutting tool working part without dead angles, extends the service life of the cutting tool, and ensures the consistency of surface quality in batch processing of gearbox housings.

[0019] The upward and downward movement of the cleaning hood and the upward and downward movement of the piston body inflate and deflate the annular airbag, both driven by a push cylinder. This not only reduces the cost of the drive system but also ensures that the cleaning hood moves upward synchronously to its position when the annular airbag is inflated and close to the outer wall of the tool body, guaranteeing precise coordination between the timing of the tool rotation and the timing of the blowing. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure above the platform;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a detailed structural diagram of the gripper in this invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is one of the schematic diagrams of a partial internal structure of the cylinder seat in this invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is the second schematic diagram of a partial internal structure of the cylinder seat in this invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the linkage mechanism in this invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is the second schematic diagram of the linkage mechanism structure in this invention;

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a gripper holding a cutting tool.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure on the support frame;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism structure in this invention;

[0032] Figure 13 for Figure 12 The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional view of the structure.

[0033] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0034] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram showing the structural distribution of the retaining ring and each limiting block.

[0035] In the diagram: 01. Tool body; 02. Annular groove; 1. Stand; 2. Translation mechanism; 21. Slide; 22. Slide rail; 23. Seat plate; 24. Fixed seat; 25. Push cylinder; 3. Cylinder seat; 301. Through port; 31. Drive mechanism; 32. Drive motor; 33. Gear A; 34. Internal gear ring; 4. Disc; 5. Clamping jaw; 51. Clamping arm; 52. Arc-shaped holding piece; 53. Hinge seat; 54. Shaft; 55. Swing arm; 6. Counterweight; 601. Limiting block; 602. Bracket; 603. Retaining ring Components; 604, Notch; 61, Side frame; 62, Slide rod; 7, Gravity linkage mechanism; 71, Rack A; 72, Gear B; 73, Gear roller; 74, Rack B; 8, Cleaning mechanism; 81, Stand; 82, Push cylinder; 83, Cleaning hood; 831, Flow guide box; 832, Air nozzle; 833, Inlet; 834, Suction pipe; 84, Connecting plate; 9, Vertical rod; 901, Piston chamber; 902, Flow guide hole; 91, Drive motor; 92, Annular airbag body; 93, Piston body; 94, Guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "installation" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed" means that the devices are connected to each other and their relative positional relationship remains unchanged after the connection. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention, such as "inner," "outer," "top," and "bottom," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0040] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as used in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Please see Figures 1-15 This invention provides a tool changing fixture for machining a gearbox housing, comprising a stand 1, a cylinder base 3, and a disc 4. The stand 1 is fixed to the side of the machine tool. A base plate 23 is mounted on the stand 1 via a translation mechanism 2. The cylinder base 3 is rotatably mounted on the base plate 23. The disc 4 is fixed to the top of the cylinder base 3. A drive mechanism 31 is provided on the base plate 23 to drive the cylinder base 3 and the disc 4 to rotate. Several grippers 5 are arranged in a ring above the disc 4 and near its edge. When the cylinder base 3 rotates, it can drive the grippers 5 to move along a circumferential path. The translation mechanism 2 is used to drive the disc 4 and the grippers 5 on it to translate as a whole to realize the feed and retraction actions during tool changing. When the base plate 23 and its components are fed to the limit position, each gripper 5 can pass through the tool changing station in sequence as it moves along the circumferential path.

[0043] When the bottom end of the machine tool spindle moves to the tool changing position, the tool changing station is directly below the tool holder at the bottom of the machine tool spindle; the translation mechanism 2 drives the base plate 23 and its components to move between the feed limit position and the retraction limit position, and the feed limit position is aligned with the tool changing station. In addition, there is an adjustment position between the feed limit position and the retraction limit position; the aforementioned gripper 5 is used to position and clamp the tool, and the clamped tool achieves position switching by rotating with the sleeve 3.

[0044] During the actual tool change, the tool to be replaced is first moved to the tool change station by the movement of the machine tool spindle. The base plate 23 is moved to the adjustment position by the translation mechanism 2. Then, the cylinder 3 is rotated by the drive mechanism 31, which moves the unloaded chuck 5 to the position corresponding to the tool change station. Then, the base plate 23 and its components are moved to the feed limit position by the translation mechanism 2, so that the unloaded chuck 5 moves to the tool change station and clamps the tool to be replaced. Then, the tool holder at the bottom of the machine tool spindle releases the tool and moves upward, completely separating it from the tool.

[0045] Next, the translation mechanism 2 drives the base plate 23 to move to the adjustment position, and then the drive mechanism 31 drives the cylinder base 3 to rotate, causing the clamping jaw 5 holding the target tool to move to the position corresponding to the tool changing station. Subsequently, the translation mechanism 2 drives the base plate 23 to move to the feed limit position, so that the target tool is positioned at the tool changing station. Then, the machine tool spindle moves down and uses the tool holder at the bottom to clamp the target tool.

[0046] Subsequently, the translation mechanism 2 drives the base plate 23 to move to the reset limit position, and the gripper 5 releases the target tool in sync. The machine tool spindle then drives the target tool to the machining position, thus completing the entire tool change process.

[0047] Additionally, it is worth noting that a robotic arm (not shown in the figure) is also provided next to the machine tool. Before the machine tool spindle moves down and the tool holder clamps the target tool, the gripper on the robotic arm grabs the top of the target tool. In conjunction with the vision positioning system (not shown in the figure), the target tool is rotated and adjusted so that the positioning structure on the top of the target tool is aligned with the positioning structure inside the tool holder, so as to ensure that the tool holder can clamp the target tool. The robotic arm and vision positioning system mentioned above both adopt existing technologies, and their specific structures and working principles will not be described in detail.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the gripper 5 includes a hinge base 53 and a pair of gripping arms 51. The hinge base 53 is fixed on the disc 4. A pair of shafts 54 are symmetrically rotatably mounted on the hinge base 53. Each shaft 54 ​​is fixed with a swing arm 55. The gripping arms 51 are correspondingly fixed on the ends of the swing arms 55, thereby realizing the symmetrical hinged installation of the two gripping arms 51, so that the two gripping arms 51 have the ability to swing and adjust to change the included angle. Secondly, on the side of the two gripping arms 51 in the same gripper 5 that are close to each other, there are arc-shaped retaining members 52. The shape of the two arc-shaped retaining members 52 is adapted to the annular groove 02 on the tool body 01. When the included angle of the two gripping arms 51 is adjusted to the minimum, the two arc-shaped retaining members 52 fit and retain in the annular groove 02 to clamp and fix the tool body 01.

[0049] Side frames 61 are fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder base 3 at positions corresponding to the hinge seats 53. Each side frame 61 is vertically fixed with a slide rod 62. Each slide rod 62 is slidably fitted with a counterweight 6, and the side surface of the counterweight 6 slides against the inner wall of the cylinder base 3. Each gripper 5 is connected to the corresponding counterweight 6 through a gravity linkage mechanism 7. When the counterweight 6 moves downward due to gravity, the gravity linkage mechanism 7 can drive the two gripping arms 51 to swing closer to each other, reducing the angle between the two gripping arms 51 and achieving the positioning and clamping of the tool.

[0050] The principle of clamping and releasing the tool by the gripper 5 is as follows:

[0051] During the process of the translation mechanism 2 driving the base plate 23 to move to the feed limit position, causing the unloaded gripper 5 to move to the tool change station, the tool to be replaced pushes against the two gripping arms 51. The two gripping arms 51 will swing away from each other under force to increase the included angle, making it easier for the tool to be replaced to enter between the two arc-shaped holding members 52. At the same time, if Figure 9 As shown, the two arc-shaped clamping members 52 are inserted into the annular grooves 02 on the tool body 01 from both sides. In addition, when the two clamping arms 51 swing away from each other, under the linkage of the gravity linkage mechanism 7, the counterweight 6 is driven to slide upward along the slide bar 62. As the translation mechanism 2 continues to drive the seat plate 23 to move to the feed limit position, the two arc-shaped clamping members 52 match the annular groove 02. Under the gravity of the counterweight 6, combined with the transmission effect of the gravity linkage mechanism 7, the two clamping arms 51 are pulled to swing closer to each other. Finally, the two arc-shaped clamping members 52 adaptively clamp the tool body 01 at the annular groove 02. In addition, since the structure of the two arc-shaped clamping members 52 is adapted to the shape of the annular groove 02, the tool body 01 can be clamped in a centered manner to ensure the accuracy of the tool change position.

[0052] As the translation mechanism 2 drives the base plate 23 to move to the reset limit position, and drives the gripper 5 with the target tool on it to retract, firstly, the annular groove 02 and the arc-shaped clamping member 52 are continuously squeezed. This squeezing force overcomes the gravity of the counterweight 6 and pushes the two clamping arms 51 to swing away from each other, increasing the included angle so that the tool body 01 can be released from between the two arc-shaped clamping members 52.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7 Based on Example 1, this example provides a detailed explanation of the gravity-type linkage mechanism 7, as follows:

[0055] The gravity-type linkage mechanism 7 includes a rack A71, a gear B72, a toothed roller 73, and a rack B74. Each hinged seat 53 has a through-hole 301 penetrating the inside and outside of the cylindrical base 3. A rack A71 is horizontally and slidably mounted within each through-hole 301, passing between two shafts 54 at corresponding positions. Each shaft 54 ​​extends through to the bottom of the disc 4, and a gear B72 is fixed to the bottom end of each shaft 54. A toothed roller 73 is rotatably mounted inside the cylindrical base 3, below each through-hole 301. A rack B74 is vertically fixed to the top of each counterweight 6, meshing with the toothed roller 73 at the corresponding position. The rack A71 has teeth on both sides and its lower surface. Figure 8 As shown, the teeth on both sides of the rack A71 mesh with the gears B72 on both sides respectively, and the teeth on the lower surface of the rack A71 mesh with the toothed roller 73.

[0056] When the two clamping arms 51 swing at an increased angle due to the pushing force of the tool body 01, the shafts 54 on both sides and the gears B72 at the bottom rotate. The rotating gears B72 mesh and drive the rack A71 to move outward. The moving rack A71 meshes and drives the toothed roller 73 to rotate. The rotating toothed roller 73 meshes and drives the rack B74 and drives the counterweight 6 to move upward. The counterweight 6 pulls the rack B74 downward. The downward rack B74 then meshes and drives the toothed roller 73 to reverse. The toothed roller 73 meshes and drives the rack A71 to retract. The rack A71 then meshes and drives the gears B72 on both sides and the shafts 54 to reverse, so that the two clamping arms 51 can always maintain the clamping effect on the tool body 01.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 Based on the aforementioned embodiments, this embodiment provides a detailed explanation of the translation mechanism 2 and the driving mechanism 31, as follows:

[0059] The translation mechanism 2 includes a slide block 21, a slide rail 22, and a push cylinder 25. Slide blocks 21 are evenly distributed and fixed on both sides of the upper part of the frame 1. The slide rail 22 is slidably installed on the slide block 21 on the same side. The seat plate 23 is fixed above the two slide rails 22. A fixed seat 24 is fixed on the frame 1. The push cylinder 25 is fixed on the fixed seat 24, and the extension end of the push cylinder 25 is fixedly connected to the side of the seat plate 23. The sliding cooperation between the slide rail 22 and the slide block 21 provides the seat plate 23 with the ability to limit sliding. Through the extension and retraction of the push cylinder 25, its extension end can drive the seat plate 23 to feed or retract.

[0060] The drive mechanism 31 includes a drive motor 32, a gear A33, and an internal gear ring 34. The drive motor 32 is fixed on the base plate 23 and located inside the cylindrical base 3. The gear A33 is fixed on the output shaft of the drive motor 32. The internal gear ring 34 is fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical base 3 and meshes with the gear A33. When the drive motor 32 works, its output shaft can drive the gear A33 to rotate. The rotating gear A33 can mesh with and drive the internal gear ring 34 to drive the cylindrical base 3 to rotate, thereby providing a stable drive for the rotation adjustment of the cylindrical base 3.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] Please see Figures 10 to 14 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is as follows:

[0063] A cleaning mechanism 8 is provided on one side of the seat plate 23 for cleaning the replaced blades. The cleaning mechanism 8 includes a stand 81, a push cylinder 82 and a cleaning hood 83. The stand 81 is vertically fixed to the side of the seat plate 23. The push cylinder 82 is vertically fixed at the bottom of the seat plate 23. A horizontally extending connecting plate 84 is fixed on the telescopic end of the push cylinder 82. The cleaning hood 83 is fixed to the side of the connecting plate 84 and the opening of the cleaning hood 83 faces upward.

[0064] A flow guide box 831 is fixed through the side of the cleaning hood 83. Several air nozzles 832 are arranged vertically in an array on one side of the flow guide box 831 inside the cleaning hood 83. An inlet 833 communicating with the inside of the flow guide box 831 is connected to the side of the flow guide box 831 outside the cleaning hood 83. The inlet 833 is connected to the blowing equipment (not shown in the figure) through a pipe.

[0065] The cleaning hood 83 is located at the cleaning station. During the rotation of the cylinder base 3, it can drive each gripper 5 to perform cleaning work. The cylinder base 3 is driven to rotate by the drive mechanism 31, which moves the recently replaced tool to the position directly above the cleaning hood 83. Then, the push cylinder 82 extends and, under the connection of the connecting plate 84, pushes the cleaning hood 83 upward, so that the working part at the bottom of the tool extends into the cleaning hood 83. Then, the blowing device works to supply gas into the guide box 831, and finally sprays it out from the air nozzle 832 onto the working part at the bottom of the tool to blow away the attached debris, thereby cleaning the working part of the tool and reducing the impact of debris on the next processing.

[0066] In addition, such as Figure 13 As shown, a suction pipe 834 is connected to the bottom of the cleaning hood 83. The other end of the suction pipe 834 is connected to an industrial vacuum cleaner (not shown in the figure). While the air nozzle 832 blows away debris, the industrial vacuum cleaner works to generate a negative pressure suction effect. Combined with the enclosure effect of the cleaning hood 83, the debris blown off inside the cleaning hood 83 can be removed, preventing debris from splashing randomly and causing secondary pollution.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that:

[0069] A vertically extending vertical rod 9 is rotatably mounted below the suspension at the top of the upright frame 81. A drive motor 91 is fixed above the suspension at the top of the upright frame 81. The output shaft of the drive motor 91 is fixedly connected to the vertical rod 9. A piston chamber 901 is provided inside the vertical rod 9. A piston body 93 is matched and installed inside the piston chamber 901. A guide rod 94 is rotatably mounted on the lower surface of the piston body 93. The guide rod 94 extends through to the bottom of the vertical rod 9 and is connected to the connecting plate 84. An annular airbag 92 is fixedly fitted on the outside of the vertical rod 9 near the top of the piston chamber 901. Several guide holes 902 are evenly distributed around the vertical rod 9. The guide holes 902 are used to connect the annular airbag 92 and the piston chamber 901. When the piston body 93 moves upward, the annular airbag 92 can be inflated. When the annular airbag 92 is inflated, it can expand and extend radially outward.

[0070] While the top-push cylinder 82 pushes the cleaning hood 83 upward, the piston body 93 is pushed upward synchronously by the connection of the connecting plate 84 and the guide rod 94. The upward piston body 93 forces the gas in the piston chamber 901 into the annular air bladder 92 through the guide hole 902, causing the annular air bladder 92 to inflate and expand outward, thereby increasing its outer diameter. The inflated annular air bladder 92 abuts against the outer wall of the tool body 01 located above the annular groove 02. The drive motor 91 works, and its output shaft drives the vertical rod 9 and the annular air bladder 92 to rotate. The rotating annular air bladder 92 causes the tool body 01 to rotate on the gripper 5 due to friction, ensuring that the air nozzle 832 can spray and clean the entire circumference of the tool working part. At the same time, combined with the vertically spaced arrangement of the air nozzles 832, it further ensures that the spraying range is sufficient to cover the tool working part, effectively improving the cleaning effect on the tool.

[0071] In addition, the upward and downward movement of the cleaning sleeve 83 and the upward and downward movement of the piston body 93 inflate and deflate the annular airbag body 92, both driven by the push cylinder 82. This not only reduces the cost of driving, but also ensures that when the annular airbag body 92 is inflated and expands to fit tightly against the outer wall of the tool body 01, the cleaning sleeve 83 moves upward in sync, ensuring precise timing.

[0072] Example 6

[0073] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 15 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is as follows:

[0074] A bracket 602 is fixed on the base plate 23, and a retaining ring 603 is fixed on the top of the bracket 602. A limit block 601 is fixed on the side of each counterweight 6. When the counterweight 6 descends to the limit position, the limit block 601 is located below the retaining ring 603 and slides and fits with the retaining ring 603. A notch 604 is opened on the retaining ring 603 at the position corresponding to the tool changing station. When the gripper 5 is rotated and adjusted to the tool changing station, the positions of the limit block 601 and the notch 604 are aligned.

[0075] As the gripper 5 rotates with the cylinder base 3, the limiting block 601 slides against the lower surface of the retaining ring 603, thereby blocking and limiting the counterweight 6 and restricting the increase of the angle of the two gripping arms 51. On the one hand, this ensures the stability of the gripping and transfer of the tool body 01, and on the other hand, it prevents the tool body 01 from tilting and falling off due to the pressure of the annular airbag 92. In addition, when the gripper 5 rotates to the tool changing position, the corresponding limiting block 601 and notch 604 coincide to cancel the limiting, making it easier for the tool body 01 to disengage from between the two arc-shaped clamping parts 52.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment, balls (not shown in the figure) are evenly embedded below the retaining ring 603. On the one hand, the contact between the balls and the limiting block 601 reduces friction. On the other hand, the contact and cooperation between the arc surface of the balls and the limiting block 601 can prevent the limiting block 601 and the retaining ring 603 from getting stuck during relative movement.

[0077] The control method of the present invention is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The power supply is also common knowledge in the art. Therefore, the present invention will not explain the control method and circuit connection in detail.

[0078] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool changing device for gearbox shell machining, comprising a rack (1), a cartridge (3) rotatably mounted on a seat plate (23), a driving mechanism (31) arranged on the seat plate (23), and a disc (4) fixed on the top of the cartridge (3), wherein the driving mechanism (31) is used to drive the cartridge (3) to rotate, characterized in that: a plurality of clamping jaws (5) are arranged in an annular array above the disc (4) and close to the edge thereof; the seat plate (23) is arranged on the rack (1) through a translation mechanism (2), which is used to drive the disc (4) and the clamping jaws (5) thereon to translate integrally to realize the feeding and back-off actions during tool changing; a counterweight (6) is vertically and limitingly arranged on the inner wall of the cartridge (3) corresponding to the position of each clamping jaw (5), and the counterweight (6) corresponding to each clamping jaw (5) is drivingly connected through a gravity linkage mechanism (7); the clamping jaw (5) comprises a hinged seat (53) and a pair of clamping arms (51), the hinged seat (53) is fixed on the disc (4), and the two clamping arms (51) are symmetrically and hingedly arranged on the hinged seat (53); when the counterweight (6) descends due to gravity, the two clamping arms (51) are swinged close to each other through the gravity linkage mechanism (7), so that the included angle of the two clamping arms (51) is reduced, and the positioning and clamping of the tool are realized; a cleaning mechanism (8) is arranged on one side of the seat plate (23) to clean the replaced tool; the cleaning mechanism (8) comprises a stand (81), a push cylinder (82) and a cleaning cover cylinder (83); the stand (81) is vertically fixed on the side of the seat plate (23), and the push cylinder (82) is vertically fixed on the bottom of the seat plate (23); a horizontally extending connecting plate (84) is fixed on the extension end of the push cylinder (82), the cleaning cover cylinder (83) is fixed on the side of the connecting plate (84), and the opening of the cleaning cover cylinder (83) is arranged upward; a vertically downward extending vertical rod (9) is rotatably arranged below the suspension of the top of the stand (81), a driving motor (91) is fixed above the suspension of the top of the stand (81), and the output shaft of the driving motor (91) is fixedly connected with the vertical rod (9); a piston cavity (901) is arranged in the vertical rod (9), a piston body (93) is matched and arranged in the piston cavity (901), and a guide rod (94) is rotatably arranged on the lower surface of the piston body (93); the guide rod (94) extends through the vertical rod (9) to the lower side thereof and is connected with the connecting plate (84); an annular air bag body (92) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the vertical rod (9) close to the top of the piston cavity (901), a plurality of flow guide holes (902) are uniformly distributed on the side of the vertical rod (9), and the flow guide holes (902) are used to communicate the annular air bag body (92) and the piston cavity (901); when the piston body (93) goes up, the annular air bag body (92) can be inflated, and when the annular air bag body (92) is inflated, it can expand and extend along the radial direction thereof to the periphery. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The inflated annular airbag body (92) is tightly pressed against the outer wall of the cutter body (01) above the annular groove (02).

2. The tool changing device for machining transmission housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping jaw (5) further comprises a pair of shaft rods (54) and a pair of swing arms (55); The two shaft rods (54) are symmetrically rotatably installed on the hinge seat (53), and each shaft rod (54) is fixed with a swing arm (55); The clamping arm (51) is correspondingly fixed on the end of the swing arm (55); The inner wall of the cylinder seat (3) is fixed with a side frame (61) corresponding to the position of each hinge seat (53), and each side frame (61) is vertically fixed with a sliding rod (62); The counterweight (6) is correspondingly slidably sleeved on the sliding rod (62), and the side surface of the counterweight (6) is slidably attached to the inner wall of the cylinder seat (3).

3. The tool changing device for machining transmission housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two clamping arms (51) in the same clamping jaw (5) are fixed with arc-shaped clamping members (52) on the side close to each other; The shapes of the two arc-shaped clamping members (52) are adapted to the annular groove (02) on the cutter body (01); When the angle between the two clamping arms (51) is adjusted to the smallest, the two arc-shaped clamping members (52) are fitted and clamped in the annular groove (02) to clamp and fix the cutter body (01).

4. The tool changing device for machining transmission housing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gravity linkage mechanism (7) comprises a rack A (71), a gear B (72), a toothed roller (73), and a rack B (74); The cylinder seat (3) is provided with a through opening (301) corresponding to the position of each hinge seat (53) and penetrating the inside and outside of the cylinder seat (3), and the rack A (71) is horizontally and limitingly slidably installed in each through opening (301), and the rack A (71) passes between the two shaft rods (54) at the corresponding position; Each shaft rod (54) extends to the lower side of the disc (4), and the gear B (72) is fixed on the bottom end of each shaft rod (54); The toothed roller (73) is rotatably installed on the inner side of the cylinder seat (3) below each through opening (301); The top of each counterweight (6) is vertically fixed with the rack B (74), and the rack B (74) is engaged with the toothed roller (73) at the corresponding position; The rack A (71) has teeth on both sides and the lower surface, wherein the teeth on both sides of the rack A (71) are respectively engaged with the two gear B (72) at the corresponding position, and the teeth on the lower surface of the rack A (71) are engaged with the toothed roller (73).

5. The tool changing device for machining transmission housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The translation mechanism (2) comprises a sliding seat (21), a sliding rail (22), and a pushing cylinder (25); The sliding seat (21) is fixed on both sides of the upper side of the frame (1) in a distributed manner, and the sliding rail (22) is commonly and limitingly slidably installed on the same side of the sliding seat (21). The seat plate (23) is fixed above the two slide rails (22); The frame (1) is fixed with a fixed seat (24), the push cylinder (25) is fixed on the fixed seat (24), and the telescopic end of the push cylinder (25) is fixedly connected with the side of the seat plate (23).

6. The tool changing device for machining gearbox shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (31) comprises a driving motor (32), a gear A (33) and an inner tooth ring (34); The driving motor (32) is fixed on the seat plate (23) and located in the inner wall of the cylinder seat (3), and the gear A (33) is fixed on the output shaft of the driving motor (32); The inner tooth ring (34) is fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder seat (3) and corresponds to the gear A (33).

7. The tool changing device for machining gearbox shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the cleaning cover cylinder (83) is fixed with a flow guide box (831) in a penetrating manner, and a plurality of air injection nozzles (832) are vertically arranged on one side of the cleaning cover cylinder (83) in the flow guide box (831); The flow guide box (831) is connected with an inflow port (833) on the other side of the cleaning cover cylinder (83), and the inflow port (833) is communicated with the inside of the flow guide box (831) and is communicated with the blowing equipment through a pipeline; The bottom of the cleaning cover cylinder (83) is connected with a dust suction pipe (834), and the other end of the dust suction pipe (834) is communicated with the industrial dust suction equipment.

8. The tool changing device for machining gearbox shell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seat plate (23) is fixed with a support (602), and the support (602) is fixed with a blocking ring (603) at the top; The side of each counterweight block (6) is fixed with a limiting block (601), and when the counterweight block (6) is lowered to the limit position, the limiting block (601) is located below the blocking ring (603) and is in sliding fit with the blocking ring (603); The blocking ring (603) is provided with a notch (604) corresponding to the tool changing position, and when the clamping jaw (5) is adjusted to the tool changing position, the limiting block (601) and the notch (604) are aligned.

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