Multi-process automatic polishing system based on external embracing type fixing

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-procedure automatic polishing system based on external embracing type fixing, and relates to the field of machining, and the multi-procedure automatic polishing system comprises a moving platform capable of moving along an X axis and a Z axis, an external embracing type fixing device and a polishing mechanism. The external embracing type fixing device is mounted on the platform and is used for clamping and driving a workpiece to rotate; the polishing mechanism is arranged on the side of the outer holding type fixing device and comprises at least three independent polishing machines used for conducting rough polishing, fine polishing and mirror polishing on workpieces respectively, each polishing machine is provided with an independent Y-axis moving mechanism, and the Y-axis moving mechanisms drive the polishing machines to be close to or away from the outer holding type fixing device. By means of the universal and lossless fixing mode, cylindrical and columnar workpieces can be reliably clamped, and full-automatic, multi-procedure and high-precision continuous polishing of the workpieces under one-time clamping is achieved through deep integration of the multi-axis moving platform and the multi-polishing mechanism.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanical processing, in particular to a multi-process automatic polishing system based on external holding fixation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cylindrical workpieces (such as pipes, cylinder sleeves, etc.) and columnar workpieces (such as shafts, rollers, etc.) are widely used in manufacturing industry. Their outer surfaces usually need to go through multiple polishing processes such as rough polishing, fine polishing and mirror polishing to achieve specific smoothness, accuracy or aesthetic requirements.

[0003] Currently, when polishing the outer surface of such workpieces, the following challenges and deficiencies are mainly faced: Firstly, the workpiece fixation method has limitations. For cylindrical workpieces, the traditional inner support clamp is prone to cause deformation of thin-walled workpieces and is difficult to clamp workpieces with blind holes or complex internal structures. For solid columnar workpieces, top pins, V-shaped blocks or chucks are commonly used for fixation. The top pin support method requires the workpiece to have a central hole at both ends, and the support points may affect the continuous processing of the surface during polishing. The V-shaped block positioning method is prone to sliding under the action of polishing force due to insufficient clamping force. The chuck clamping method is prone to leaving clamping marks on the workpiece surface, affecting product quality. Whether for cylindrical or columnar workpieces, existing clamps are difficult to simultaneously ensure high clamping stability and avoid damage to the workpiece surface when rotating at high speed and under polishing pressure.

[0004] Secondly, the multi-process polishing automation level is low and the efficiency is not high. Different polishing tools, media and parameters are required for rough polishing, fine polishing and mirror polishing. Existing technologies usually require manual tool replacement or workpiece transfer between multiple devices, resulting in an incoherent production process and low efficiency. Multiple clamping and repositioning not only increase auxiliary time, but also inevitably introduce positioning errors, which seriously affect the consistency of the final product, especially for workpieces with a large length-diameter ratio.

[0005] In addition, existing devices have poor integration and collaboration. Although there are some automatic polishing devices, the fixation, rotation, movement of the workpiece and the feeding control of multiple polishing tools are often independent modules. There is a lack of efficient collaborative working mechanism between the fixation device and multiple polishing stations, which cannot realize continuous operation of all polishing processes automatically through system scheduling after one-time clamping of the workpiece, restricting further improvement of polishing precision and production efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field for an innovative polishing system that can reliably clamp cylindrical and columnar workpieces using a universal and non-destructive fixation method, and through deep integration with multi-axis motion platforms and multiple polishing mechanisms, realize full-automatic, multi-process and high-precision continuous polishing of the workpiece under one-time clamping. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a multi-process automatic polishing system based on external holding fixation, which can reliably clamp cylindrical and columnar workpieces through a universal and non-destructive fixation mode, and realize full-automatic, multi-process and high-precision continuous polishing of the workpiece under one-time clamping through deep integration with a multi-axis motion platform and a multi-polishing mechanism.

[0008] The technical scheme of the present application is implemented as follows: A multi-process automatic polishing system based on external holding fixation, comprising a moving platform movable along X and Z axes, an external holding fixation device and a polishing mechanism, the external holding fixation device being installed on the platform and used for clamping and driving the workpiece to rotate; The polishing mechanism is arranged beside the external holding fixation device and comprises at least three independent polishing machines respectively used for rough polishing, fine polishing and mirror polishing of the workpiece, each of the polishing machines being provided with an independent Y-axis moving mechanism, and the Y-axis moving mechanism drives the polishing machine to approach or move away from the external holding fixation device.

[0009] Preferably, the external holding fixation device comprises a hollow spindle, a holding mechanism and an adjusting mechanism. The hollow spindle is rotatably installed on a bearing seat, and a limiting sleeve with an inner tapered surface is fixedly installed at the front end of the hollow spindle. The holding mechanism is movably arranged in a cavity formed by the hollow spindle and the limiting sleeve along the axis, and an elastic holding head is arranged at the front end of the holding mechanism, and the elastic holding head is provided with an outer tapered surface matched with the inner tapered surface. The adjusting mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the hollow spindle and is in transmission connection with the holding mechanism, the adjusting mechanism drives the holding mechanism to move axially, and the elastic holding head is deformed radially through the tapered surface matching to hold or release the workpiece.

[0010] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting nut, and the rear end of the holding mechanism is provided with an external thread to form a threaded transmission pair with the adjusting nut.

[0011] Preferably, the holding mechanism is a rigid screw rod, the elastic holding head is fixedly connected to the front end of the screw rod, an axial gap is arranged on the external thread path of the tail of the screw rod, a plug is arranged on the adjusting nut in the radial direction, and the plug is in abutment with the axial gap to lock the relative rotation.

[0012] Preferably, the elastic holding head is a horn-shaped structure with an open rear end, a plurality of strip-shaped slits extending to the front end are arranged in the circumferential direction of the elastic holding head, and a plurality of independent holding petals are formed.

[0013] Preferably, the power driving device is further arranged, and the power driving device is connected to and drives the hollow spindle.

[0014] Preferably, the mobile platform is provided with a pressing assembly above the embracing mechanism, and a pressing part of the pressing assembly is close to or away from the elastic embracing head along a direction perpendicular to the mobile platform to press or release the workpiece.

[0015] Preferably, the pressing assembly comprises a fixed seat mounted on the mobile platform, a driving member mounted on the fixed seat, and a fixed frame connected with the driving member and driven by the driving member to move vertically towards or away from the outer edge of the elastic embracing head; the fixed frame is rotationally connected with a pair of parallel driving pulleys; and the gap between the two driving pulleys is opposite to the axis of the accommodating space of the elastic embracing head.

[0016] Preferably, the mobile platform comprises an X-axis linear module and a Z-axis linear module, the X-axis linear module is mounted on the sliding table of the Z-axis linear module, and the outer embracing fixing device is mounted on the sliding table of the X-axis linear module.

[0017] Preferably, at least three polishing machines of the polishing mechanism are uniformly arranged along the X-axis direction, and each polishing machine is mounted on the sliding table of a Y-axis linear module.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: The outer embracing fixing device, the multi-axis mobile platform, and the multi-polishing mechanism are highly integrated. According to the structure of claim 1, the workpiece only needs to be clamped once, and then can be automatically transported by the mobile platform (X-axis, Z-axis) to different polishing stations such as rough polishing, fine polishing, and mirror polishing arranged along the X-axis, and the feeding is controlled by the independent Y-axis mechanism of each polishing machine, which completely solves the problems of low efficiency and positioning error caused by manual tool replacement and multiple clamping, realizes full-process automation and continuous operation from rough machining to fine machining, greatly improves the production efficiency and product consistency, and the outer embracing fixing device is adopted, the elastic embracing head is radially contracted through the taper surface cooperation to tightly embrace the workpiece from the outside with a large flexible contact surface, for the cylindrical workpiece, the deformation and processing blind area caused by the internal support clamp are avoided, for the columnar workpiece, the problems of the center hole required by the needle support, the insufficient clamping force of the V-shaped block, and the indentation easily generated by the chuck clamping are completely eliminated, the fixing mode is suitable for both cylindrical and columnar workpieces, realizes universal, stable, and lossless clamping, is especially suitable for precise polishing with high surface quality, the entire system is established on the basis of a stable frame and multi-axis linear modules, the hollow spindle of the outer embracing fixing device has high coaxiality and dynamic balance performance, ensures the stable high-speed rotation of the workpiece, and in summary, the universal and lossless fixing mode reliably clamps the cylindrical and columnar workpieces, and through the deep integration with the multi-axis motion platform and the multi-polishing mechanism, the full-automatic, multi-process, and high-precision continuous polishing of the workpiece under one-time clamping is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-process automatic polishing system based on an external holding type fixing device; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an external holding type fixing device; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an external holding type fixing device; Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional view along the axial direction; Figure 4 A working schematic diagram of embodiment 2; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fixing frame; The drawings show that: 1 is a moving platform; 101 is an X-axis linear module; 102 is a Z-axis linear module; 103 is a sliding rail; 104 is a guide rod; 2 is an external holding type fixing device; 201 is a hollow spindle; 202 is a holding mechanism; 203 is an adjusting mechanism; 2031 is an adjusting nut; 2032 is a first gasket; 2033 is a bolt; 204 is a bearing seat; 205 is a limiting sleeve; 2051 is an inner conical surface; 206 is a cavity; 207 is an elastic holding head; 2071 is a strip-shaped gap; 2072 is a holding petal; 2073 is an outer conical surface; 208 is a sealing element; 209 is a driven wheel; 3 is a polishing mechanism; 301 is a polishing machine; 4 is a Y-axis linear module; 5 is a rack; 6 is a power driving device; 7 is a control system; 701 is a control box; 702 is a wiring box; 8 is a pressing assembly; 801 is a fixing seat; 802 is a driving piece; 803 is a fixing frame; 804 is a driven pulley. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth" and the like are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, or it can be internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Embodiment 1 As shown in Figure 1 The present embodiment proposes a multi-process automatic polishing system based on external fixing, and the core is an integrated automatic processing unit. The system includes a stable rack 5, and a movable platform 1 mounted thereon which can move along the X and Z axes, an external fixing device 2 for clamping and driving the workpiece to rotate, and a polishing mechanism 3 for performing different polishing processes. The external fixing device 2 is fixedly installed on the movable platform 1, so as to move together with the platform.

[0025] The polishing mechanism 3 is arranged beside the external fixing device 2, which innovatively integrates at least three independent polishing units corresponding to rough polishing, fine polishing and mirror polishing processes respectively. Each polishing unit includes a polishing machine 301 and an independent Y-axis linear module 4. The polishing machine 301 (such as a sanding belt machine, a cloth wheel polishing machine, etc., which can be selected according to process requirements) is installed on the sliding table of the Y-axis linear module 4, and the Y-axis linear module 4 accurately drives it to feed or retreat along the radial direction (Y-axis direction) of the workpiece, so as to polish the workpiece with different depths. This layout enables multiple processes to be sequentially completed in one tooling.

[0026] The external fixing device 2 is a key component of the system, and its working principle and specific structure are as follows Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, it mainly includes a hollow spindle 201, a clamping mechanism 202, and an adjusting mechanism 203. The hollow spindle 201 is rotatably mounted on a bearing housing 204 via a pair of high-precision angular contact bearings, ensuring the stability and high coaxiality of the spindle during high-speed rotation. The bearing housing 204 is fastened to the moving platform 1 by bolts. A limiting sleeve 205 is fixedly installed at the front end of the hollow spindle 201 via a flange or precision thread. The limiting sleeve 205 has a precision-machined inner conical surface 2051. The inner hole of the hollow spindle 201 and the limiting sleeve 205 together form a smooth cylindrical cavity 206, providing precise guidance for the axial movement of the clamping mechanism 202.

[0027] To further enhance the durability of the equipment under harsh working conditions, at least two seals 208 are provided between the hollow spindle 201 and the bearing housing 204. Figure 3 As shown, these seals 208 are preferably made of wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant fluororubber material and are located on both sides of the bearing axially. Together with the grooves on the bearing housing 204, they form an effective labyrinth seal structure, which can significantly prevent fine dust and coolant generated during the polishing process from entering the bearing, thereby greatly extending the service life of the bearing.

[0028] The clamping mechanism 202 is axially movable within the cavity 206, and is clearance-fitted with the inner wall of the cavity 206, ensuring smooth movement while preventing radial sway. A key elastic clamping head 207 is fixedly mounted at the front end of the clamping mechanism 202. This elastic clamping head 207 is preferably made of 65Mn spring steel through a heat treatment process of quenching and medium-temperature tempering, thus possessing both excellent elastic limit and wear resistance. Its shape is a trumpet shape with a large opening at the rear end, with an opening angle preferably of 60-90 degrees to provide sufficient clamping range. More importantly, its outer circumference is machined with a precision outer conical surface 2073 that mates with the inner conical surface 2051 of the limiting sleeve 205, with a conical surface angle preferably of 15-30 degrees to ensure good self-locking and force transmission efficiency. To achieve radial elastic deformation, the elastic clamping head 207 has at least two circumferentially spaced strip-shaped slits 2071 with a width of 0.5-1 mm. These slits extend to the front end of the clamping head, dividing it into multiple independent clamping petals 2072. The outer wall of each clamping petal 2072 is a precision-machined outer conical surface 2073 with a surface roughness Ra≤1.6μm, ensuring sufficient and uniform contact with the inner conical surface 2051 of the limiting sleeve 205.

[0029] The adjusting mechanism 203 is located at the rear end of the hollow spindle 201 and is used to drive the clamping mechanism 202 to move axially. In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting mechanism 203 includes an adjusting nut 2031. Correspondingly, the main body of the clamping mechanism 202 is a rigid screw, made of 45# steel with heat treatment to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity. The rear end of the screw 202 is machined with precision external threads (accuracy up to 6g level), forming a threaded transmission pair with self-locking characteristics with the adjusting nut 2031. By rotating the adjusting nut 2031, the axial movement of the screw 202 together with the elastic clamping head 207 within the aforementioned cavity 206 can be precisely controlled. To facilitate operation and prevent the threaded pair from seizing, a first washer 2032 made of copper-based alloy can be provided between the adjusting nut 2031 and the rear end face of the hollow spindle 201 to reduce friction and prevent seizing. To further ensure clamping reliability under high-speed rotation conditions, at least two axial clearances are machined on the external thread path at the tail of the screw 202 (not individually labeled, but can be determined based on...). Figure 3 As shown, the gap depth is approximately 1.2-1.5 times the thread depth. Simultaneously, a removable pin 2033, made of hardened steel, is radially inserted through the adjusting nut 2031. When the adjusting nut 2031 is rotated to the predetermined clamping position, the pin 2033 is inserted, with one end abutting against the axial gap of the screw, effectively preventing the nut from loosening under vibration and ensuring long-term stable clamping force.

[0030] The elastic clamping head 207 is fixed to the front end of the screw 202 by interference fit or threaded connection. At the same time, different sizes of clamping heads can be replaced according to the actual needs of the production workpiece to adapt to different batches of workpieces with different diameters. A pin (not shown in the figure) is provided at the connection to prevent rotation and ensure that the power transmission is foolproof.

[0031] When the system is in operation, the adjusting nut 2031 is first rotated manually or via an auxiliary drive device (such as a small motor), driving the screw 202 forward and forcing the elastic clamping head 207 to expand radially outward along the inner conical surface 2051 of the limiting sleeve 205. The cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece to be polished is then inserted into the expanded elastic clamping head 207. Subsequently, the adjusting nut 2031 is rotated in the opposite direction, causing the screw 202 to move backward. Under the constraint of its own elasticity and the inner conical surface 2051, the elastic clamping head 207 uniformly contracts radially, using its large-area flexible inner wall to clamp the outer surface of the workpiece, achieving non-destructive and highly rigid clamping. At this point, the pin 2033 is inserted for locking. This design cleverly solves the problems of clamping damage and inaccurate positioning mentioned in the background art, achieving universal, non-destructive, and reliable workpiece fixing.

[0032] Power is provided by a power drive unit 6, which can be a servo motor or a variable frequency motor, etc. Figure 1 andFigure 2 As shown, power is transmitted to the driven wheel 209 fixedly installed on the outer wall of the hollow spindle 201 through a transmission assembly (such as a belt, a gear or a shaft coupling), thereby driving the entire hollow spindle 201 to rotate. The driven wheel 209 and the hollow spindle 201 are connected through a key connection to transmit torque, and the key groove is precisely machined to ensure the reliability of power transmission. The torque of the hollow spindle 201 is efficiently transmitted to the clamped workpiece through the taper surface cooperation between the limiting sleeve 205 and the clamping head 207, so that the workpiece is synchronously rotated at a high speed. The hollow spindle 201 assembly is precisely dynamically balanced, and the balance level is not less than G6.3, which ensures that the hollow spindle 201 runs stably and vibrates slightly at a high speed (up to 1500 rpm), thereby laying a foundation for high-precision polishing.

[0033] As shown in Figure 1 The moving platform 1 is the key to realize multi-station processing of the workpiece. Specifically, it includes an X-axis linear module 101 and a Z-axis linear module 102. The Z-axis linear module 102 is vertically installed on the rack 5, and the X-axis linear module 101 is installed on the sliding table of the Z-axis linear module 102. The outer clamping device 2 and the power driving device 6 are installed on the sliding table of the X-axis linear module 101. This structure enables the clamped workpiece to be accurately moved in the X-axis (horizontal left and right) and the Z-axis (vertical up and down) directions. The three polishing machines 301 of the polishing mechanism 3 are arranged along the X-axis direction. During processing, the control system 7 first coordinates the moving platform 1 to move the workpiece to the rough polishing station, and the rough polishing machine 301 is driven by the Y-axis linear module 4 to approach the workpiece for processing. After rough polishing, the workpiece is moved along the X-axis to the fine polishing station, and so on, so that all processes are automatically completed. Meanwhile, the workpiece can be polished at different axial positions through the up-and-down movement of the Z-axis linear module 102. In order to improve the movement precision, guide rods 104 can be provided around the sliding table of the Z-axis linear module 102 and penetrate the rack 5, and parallel slide rails 103 can be provided beside the X-axis linear module 101 and the Y-axis linear module 4, which form double guide with the guide rails of the modules themselves, thereby significantly improving the rigidity and positioning accuracy. This integrated design completely solves the problems of multiple clamping, low efficiency and large error in the background art during multi-process conversion, and realizes true one-time clamping and full-automatic continuous polishing.

[0034] The entire system is uniformly managed by a control system 7, including a control box 701 with a control panel and a wiring box 702, which are centrally installed on the rack 5 and are responsible for the coordinated control of all motors, sensors and actuators, thereby realizing automatic production.

[0035] Example 2 As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the embodiment is based on the embodiment 1, aiming at the problem that the long-ratio workpiece may vibrate or axis deflect due to overlong overhanging, gravity center deviation or polishing force when polishing, and a pressing assembly 8 is additionally arranged.

[0036] The pressing assembly 8 is arranged on the moving platform 1, specifically on the side of the slide table of the X-axis linear module 101 close to the outer holding fixing device 2 and above the holding mechanism 202. The pressing assembly 8 is used to approach or move away from the outer edge of the elastic holding head 207 in the direction perpendicular to the moving platform 1 (i.e. approximately vertical direction), thereby assisting in pressing or releasing the overhanging end of the workpiece from above.

[0037] Specifically, the pressing assembly 8 comprises a fixed seat 801 arranged on the moving platform 1. A driving member 802 (such as a pneumatic cylinder, an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder) is arranged on the fixed seat 801. The piston rod end of the driving member 802 is connected with a fixed frame 803. The fixed frame 803 is rotatably connected with a pair of parallel arranged driven pulleys 804 through bearings. The gap between the two driven pulleys 804 is accurately arranged opposite to the axis of the accommodating space of the elastic holding head 207, so as to ensure that the workpiece can be pressed in the center.

[0038] When the deep cavity inner wall of the long workpiece needs to be polished, the Z-axis linear module 102 drives the workpiece to move downward by a deep stroke, the control system 7 can start the driving member 802 to push the fixed frame 803 to move downward, so that the pair of driven pulleys 804 gently press the overhanging end of the workpiece from above. The driven pulleys 804 allow the workpiece to rotate freely, while providing necessary radial constraint, effectively inhibiting the vibration and deflection deformation of the workpiece during processing. This design greatly enhances the processing adaptability of special-shaped workpieces, improves the processing precision and stability of the whole system under challenging working conditions, and makes up for the possible shortcomings of the single outer holding fixing.

[0039] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and should not be used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing, characterized in that: It includes a moving platform (1) that can move along the X-axis and Z-axis, an external clamping device (2) and a polishing mechanism (3), wherein the external clamping device (2) is mounted on the platform and is used to clamp and drive the workpiece to rotate; The polishing mechanism (3) is located on the side of the external clamping device (2) and includes at least three independent polishing machines (301) for rough polishing, fine polishing and mirror polishing of the workpiece respectively. Each polishing machine (301) is provided with an independent Y-axis moving mechanism, which drives the polishing machine (301) to move closer to or away from the external clamping device (2).

2. The multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The external clamping device (2) includes a hollow main shaft (201), a clamping mechanism (202), and an adjusting mechanism (203); The hollow spindle (201) is rotatably mounted on the bearing seat (204), and a limiting sleeve (205) with an inner conical surface (2051) is fixedly mounted at its front end. The clamping mechanism (202) is movably disposed along the axis in the cavity (206) formed by the hollow main shaft (201) and the limiting sleeve (205), and its front end is provided with an elastic clamping head (207), and the elastic clamping head (207) is provided with an outer conical surface (2073) that cooperates with the inner conical surface (2051). The adjustment mechanism (203) is located at the rear end of the hollow spindle (201) and is connected to the clamping mechanism (202) in a transmission manner. The adjustment mechanism (203) drives the clamping mechanism (202) to move axially and causes the elastic clamping head (207) to deform radially through the conical surface engagement to clamp or release the workpiece.

3. The multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The adjusting mechanism (203) includes an adjusting nut (2031), and the rear end of the clamping mechanism (202) is provided with an external thread, which together with the adjusting nut (2031) forms a threaded transmission pair.

4. The multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (202) is a rigid screw, and the elastic clamping head (207) is fixedly connected to the front end of the screw; the external thread path at the tail of the screw is provided with an axial clearance, and the adjusting nut (2031) is provided with a pin (2033) that passes through it radially. The pin (2033) abuts against the axial clearance to lock relative rotation.

5. The multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic clamping head (207) is a trumpet-shaped structure with an open rear end, and has several strip-shaped slits (2071) extending to its front end in the circumferential direction, forming multiple independent clamping petals (2072).

6. A multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing as described in claim 2, characterized in that... It also includes a power drive device (6), which is connected to and drives the hollow spindle (201).

7. The multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mobile platform (1) is provided with a clamping component (8), which is located above the clamping mechanism (202). The clamping part of the clamping component (8) moves closer to or further away from the elastic clamping head (207) in a direction perpendicular to the mobile platform (1) to clamp or release the workpiece.

8. The multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (8) includes a fixed base (801) mounted on the mobile platform (1), a drive member (802) mounted on the fixed base (801), and a fixed frame (803). The drive member (802) is connected to the fixed frame (803) and drives the fixed frame (803) to move vertically toward or away from the outer edge of the elastic clamping head (207). The fixed frame (803) is rotatably connected to a pair of parallel driven pulleys (804). The gap between the two driven pulleys (804) is set opposite to the axis of the accommodating space of the elastic clamping head (207).

9. A multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile platform (1) includes an X-axis linear module (101) and a Z-axis linear module (102). The X-axis linear module (101) is mounted on the slide of the Z-axis linear module, and the external clamping device (2) is mounted on the slide of the X-axis linear module (101).

10. The multi-process automatic polishing system based on external clamping and fixing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing mechanism (3) has at least three polishing machines (301) arranged evenly along the X-axis, with each polishing machine (301) mounted on the slide of the Y-axis linear module (4).

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