Turning, laser cladding and polishing integrated equipment for rotary workpieces

Abstract

Turning, laser cladding and polishing integrated equipment for rotary workpieces is characterized in that laser cladding equipment is located above a lathe, two parallel spaced guide rails are arranged on a base in the transverse direction, a turning tool rest device and a polishing device are installed on the two guide rails respectively, and a flow guide plate inclining towards the guide rail on one side is installed between the two guide rails; a first protective cover, a second protective cover and a third protective cover are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the turning tool rest device, the polishing device and the laser cladding equipment; and the lathe, the turning tool rest device, the polishing device and the laser cladding equipment are all connected with a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). The turning, laser cladding and cylindrical grinding procedures of the rotary parts are integrated, repeated dismounting and clamping are avoided, time is saved, production efficiency is greatly improved, production cost is reduced, meanwhile, the problem that the rotary parts do not meet machining requirements due to repeated clamping of the parts is solved, and good social and economic benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser cladding technology, and in particular to an integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding and polishing of rotary workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] Before laser cladding, rotary workpieces need to undergo surface turning to achieve a certain level of cleanliness, preparing them for the next laser cladding process. After laser cladding, turning and polishing are also required. Traditional processes necessitate multiple disassembly and clamping operations when laser cladding rotary workpieces. The workpiece is transferred to the laser cladding equipment after turning and then to the lathe after laser cladding. This results in low work efficiency, high production costs, and multiple clamping operations can easily lead to different clamping angles, causing the rotary workpiece to fail to meet processing requirements.

[0003] During laser cladding, polishing, and turning processes, workpieces are prone to generating dust and water vapor. Water vapor during laser cladding can negatively impact cladding quality, potentially causing defects such as porosity and cracks in the cladding layer, thus affecting its overall quality and performance. Furthermore, water vapor reacts with metal at high temperatures to form oxides, which adhere to the cladding surface, affecting its quality and aesthetics, and even causing equipment damage or safety accidents. During turning, dust can reduce machining accuracy, increasing workpiece surface roughness and dimensional precision; it can also affect machine tool sealing performance and operating efficiency, potentially leading to machine tool malfunctions and impacting production efficiency. Therefore, how to improve efficiency while avoiding these problems requires designing a new integrated turning, laser cladding, and polishing machine to improve the efficiency of laser cladding on rotary workpieces, but no relevant public reports have been found to date. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding and polishing of rotary workpieces, which can effectively solve the problems of low work efficiency, high production cost and workpiece non-compliance caused by the need for multiple disassembly and clamping when laser cladding rotary workpieces.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is an integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding, and polishing of rotary workpieces, comprising a lathe, a laser cladding device, a tool post assembly, and a polishing device. The laser cladding device is located above the lathe. The lathe includes a base, a headstock and a tailstock mounted on both ends of the base, and a chuck mounted on the headstock. Two parallel and alternate guide rails are arranged horizontally on the base. The tool post assembly and the polishing device are respectively mounted on the two guide rails, and a guide plate inclined to one side of the guide rail is installed between the two guide rails. The bottom of the tool post assembly, the polishing device, and the laser cladding device are respectively equipped with a first protective cover, a second protective cover, and a third protective cover. The lathe, the tool post assembly, the polishing device, and the laser cladding device are all connected to a PLC controller to form an automatic control structure.

[0006] This invention integrates the turning, laser cladding, and external cylindrical grinding processes of rotary parts, avoiding multiple disassembly and clamping. It also avoids the cumbersome process of transferring the workpiece from turning to laser cladding and then from laser cladding to lathe, saving time and significantly improving production efficiency and reducing production costs. Furthermore, it avoids the problem of rotary workpieces failing to meet processing requirements due to multiple clamping operations, resulting in good social and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is the main structural view of this utility model.

[0008] Figure 2 This is a utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the AA direction (only showing the positional relationship between the tool holder and the polishing device).

[0009] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide plate structure of this utility model.

[0010] Figure 4 This is the metallographic image of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific circumstances.

[0012] As shown in the accompanying drawings, an integrated machine for turning, laser cladding, and polishing rotary workpieces includes a lathe, a laser cladding device, a tool post assembly, and a polishing device. The laser cladding device 4 is located above the lathe 1. The lathe 1 includes a base 5, a headstock 6 and a tailstock 8 mounted on both ends of the base 5, and a chuck 7 mounted on the headstock 6. Two parallel and alternate guide rails 51 are arranged horizontally on the base 5. The tool post assembly 2 and the polishing device 3 are respectively mounted on the two guide rails 51. A guide plate 52 inclined towards one side of the guide rail 51 is installed between the two guide rails 51. The bottom of the tool post assembly 2, the polishing device 3, and the laser cladding device 4 are respectively equipped with a first protective cover 21, a second protective cover 31, and a third protective cover 41. The lathe 1, the tool post assembly 2, the polishing device 3, and the laser cladding device 4 are all connected to a PLC controller to form an automatic control structure.

[0013] The guide plate 52 is fixed at both ends to the head seat 6 and the tail seat 8. The base 5 below the guide plate 52 is equipped with a waste chip and waste powder collection device 9 to collect waste chips and waste powder for easy solid-liquid separation.

[0014] The waste chip and powder collection device 9 is a chip conveyor (a commercially available product). The horizontal part of the chip conveyor is located inside the base 5, and the inclined upper part 91 is located outside the lathe 1. A trolley 10 is placed below the outlet of the chip conveyor.

[0015] The spindle centerline of the lathe 1, the grinding wheel centerline of the polishing device 3, and the tool centerline of the tool post device 2 are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0016] The tool holder device 2 and the polishing device 3 are respectively mounted on two guide rails 51 via a first slide 22 and a second slide 32. The first slide 22 and the second slide 32 are respectively connected to the guide rails 51 via sliding grooves. The first slide 22 and the second slide 32 are respectively equipped with a first support seat 23 and a second support seat 33. The tool holder device 2 and the polishing device 3 are respectively mounted on the first support seat 23 and the second support seat 33.

[0017] Furthermore, during operation, turning, laser cladding, and polishing processes can be performed separately, or turning can be performed first and polishing second, or turning can be performed first and laser cladding second, both simultaneously.

[0018] The guide plate 52 includes a first fixing plate 521 and a second fixing plate 522. A uniformly distributed guide fluid 523 is installed between the first fixing plate 521 and the second fixing plate 522. The first fixing plate 521 is installed on the upper side of one side guide rail 51, and the second fixing plate 522 is installed on the lower side of the other side guide rail 51, so that the guide fluid 523 is in the shape of an inclined plane inclined towards one side guide rail 51.

[0019] In practical use, the lathe is equipped with sealed doors around it. When not in operation, the tool post device 2, polishing device 3, and laser cladding equipment 4 are all covered with protective covers.

[0020] It should be noted that the lathe tool holder device 2, polishing device 3, laser cladding equipment 4, and other components in this utility model are all existing technologies and commercially available products. The contribution of this utility model lies in the scientific design and layout of these known components, which effectively solves the defects of the existing technology and meets production needs.

[0021] The present invention can be described in the following embodiments when used in practice.

[0022] The method of using the integrated machine device for turning, laser cladding and polishing rotary workpieces according to this utility model is as follows:

[0023] S1: Powder drying. The powder is sieved to remove impurities, then heated and dried in an inert gas environment. The inert gas prevents the iron-based powder from undergoing a chemical reaction during heating. After cooling, it is vacuum-sealed and stored for later use.

[0024] S2: Protective measures are taken. The polishing device 3 is protected by a second protective cover 31, the tool holder device 2 is protected by a first protective cover 21, and the bottom of the laser cladding device 4 is protected by a third protective cover 41.

[0025] S3: Positioning and Alignment. Clamp one end of the workpiece on the chuck 7 and tighten the other end with the tailstock 8. Use a clamping and tightening method to mount the workpiece on the integrated machine device, perform concentricity alignment, check the original specifications and dimensions, and check against the drawings.

[0026] S4: Turning. Turning parameters are set on the PLC controller (a built-in function). The tool holder 2 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to turn the workpiece. After turning, surface defects such as rust are removed to ensure the bonding of the cladding layer, reduce defects, and control the thickness of the finished cladding layer. The cladding layer thickness is the final product diameter minus the diameter after turning; the machining allowance is generally the diameter after cladding minus the final product diameter. The polishing device 3 is protected by a second protective cover 31, and the bottom of the laser cladding device 4 is protected by a third protective cover 41. The cylinder dimensions and surface roughness are machined. Waste chips generated during turning are collected along the inclined guide plate 52 to the waste chip and powder collection device 9.

[0027] S5: Surface pretreatment. Remove oil and contaminants from the workpiece surface to ensure proper adhesion between the cladding layer and the substrate. Specifically, wipe the area to be clad with alcohol to remove rust and oil.

[0028] S6: Laser Cladding. When laser cladding is performed on the workpiece, the third protective cover 41 is opened. At the same time, the polishing device 3 and the tool holder device 2 are moved to the rear and protected by the first protective cover 21 and the second protective cover 31. After verifying the concentricity, the laser cladding parameters are set on the PLC controller. After setting the parameters, the laser cladding head is moved to the cladding start section on the workpiece surface. The focal length is confirmed according to the equipment requirements, then alloy powder is loaded, and the inert gas pneumatic powder feeding is started. Inert gas is used to protect the molten pool, and the inert gas flow is adjusted according to the cladding thickness requirements to start laser cladding. The waste powder generated during the laser cladding process is collected along the inclined guide plate 52 to the waste chip and waste powder collection device 9 to ensure that the surface of the clad workpiece is flat and clean.

[0029] S7: Cooling and Solidification. The workpiece after laser cladding needs proper cooling and solidification to ensure the performance and quality of the cladding layer. This includes dimensional inspection of the cladding layer, including its width and thickness.

[0030] S8: Turning Process. The cladding workpiece needs to be turned again. After verifying the concentricity, the turning parameters are set on the PLC controller. The tool holder 2 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to turn the workpiece, leaving a machining allowance. The polishing device 3 is protected by the second protective cover 31 and moves to the tailstock 8. The bottom of the laser cladding device 4 is protected by the third protective cover 41. The concentricity of the workpiece is checked with a dial indicator / micrometer, the surface finish of the workpiece is checked with a surface finish tester, and the surface flatness of the workpiece is checked with a laser interferometer. All indicators are verified.

[0031] S9: Polishing. After verifying the concentricity, the polishing parameters are set on the PLC controller. The polishing device 3 moves left and right along the guide rail 51 to polish the workpiece. The tool holder device 2 is protected by the first protective cover 21 and moves to the tailstock 8. The bottom of the laser cladding device 4 is protected by the third protective cover 41. The waste chips generated during the polishing process are collected along the inclined guide plate 52 to the waste chip and powder collection device 9. The concentricity of the workpiece is checked with a dial indicator / micrometer, the surface finish of the workpiece is checked with a surface finish tester, and the surface flatness of the workpiece is checked with a laser interferometer to verify various indicators.

[0032] S10: Protective measures are taken. After processing, the polishing device 3 is protected by the second protective cover 31, the tool holder device 2 is protected by the first protective cover 21, and the bottom of the laser cladding device 4 is protected by the third protective cover 41.

[0033] S11: Performance Testing. The obtained cladding layer undergoes performance testing:

[0034] (1) Salt water test: The surface was covered with cotton cloth soaked in 5% NaCl salt water for 24 hours, and there was no rust.

[0035] (2) The cladding layer is free of cracks after non-destructive testing; the hardness of the cladding layer reaches 45HRC or above, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is ≤1%, and the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate is 500MPa or above.

[0036] (3) The product processability was verified using the neutral salt spray test method specified in GB / T 10125-2012. The test conditions were as follows: sedimentation salt concentration: (50±5) g / L NaCl; salt spray test chamber temperature: (35±2)℃; salt spray sedimentation rate: (1.0~2.0) ml / (80cm²) 2 • h); pH value of settling brine (25℃±2℃): 6.5~7.2; salt spray time: 240 hours; salt spray resistance performance remains unchanged after more than 96 hours; corrosion resistance rating of cladding layer is level 9.

[0037] (4) Metallographic Analysis. Test Method: GB / T 13298-2015; Etching Agent: 4% nitric acid alcohol solution & aqua regia. Step 1: Prepare a metallographic specimen from the sample; Step 2: Clean, grind, polish, and etch; Step 3: Observe under a microscope. Figure 4 As shown, there are no microcracks or other defects, no pores, and no impurities; the microstructure is martensite distributed in a dendritic pattern.

[0038] This invention integrates multiple processes, including turning, laser cladding, and polishing, into a single device. It allows for the separate execution of each process, either turning first and polishing second simultaneously, or vice versa. This significantly improves processing efficiency by 55%–65%, saves time, increases production efficiency, and reduces production costs. It also avoids the problem of axial misalignment that can occur with multiple clamping of parts. Practical application and testing have shown that product qualification rates have increased by over 40%, and production costs have decreased by over 30%, resulting in significant social and economic benefits.

[0039] It should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Any person skilled in the art who can make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present utility model's technical solution shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding, and polishing of rotary workpieces, comprising a lathe, a laser cladding device, a tool holder assembly, and a polishing device, wherein the laser cladding device (4) is located above the lathe (1), the lathe (1) comprises a base (5), a headstock (6) and a tailstock (8) mounted on both ends of the base (5), and a chuck (7) mounted on the headstock (6), wherein two parallel and alternate guide rails (51) are provided on the base (5) in the transverse direction, characterized in that, The tool holder device (2) and polishing device (3) are respectively mounted on two guide rails (51), and a guide plate (52) inclined to one side of the guide rail (51) is installed between the two guide rails (51); the bottom of the tool holder device (2), polishing device (3) and laser cladding equipment (4) are respectively equipped with a first protective cover (21), a second protective cover (31) and a third protective cover (41). The lathe (1), the tool holder device (2), the polishing device (3) and the laser cladding equipment (4) are all connected to the PLC controller to form an automatic control structure.

2. The integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding, and polishing rotary workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (52) is fixed at both ends on the head seat (6) and the tail seat (8), and a waste dust collection device (9) is provided in the base (5) below the guide plate (52).

3. The integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding, and polishing rotary workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that, The waste chip and powder collection device (9) is a chip conveyor. The horizontal part of the chip conveyor is located inside the base (5), and the obliquely upward part (91) is located outside the lathe (1). A trolley (10) is placed below the outlet of the chip conveyor.

4. The integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding, and polishing rotary workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle centerline of the lathe (1), the grinding wheel centerline of the polishing device (3), and the tool centerline of the tool holder device (2) are located on the same horizontal plane.

5. The integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding, and polishing rotary workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tool holder device (2) and polishing device (3) are respectively mounted on two guide rails (51) via a first slide (22) and a second slide (32). The first slide (22) and the second slide (32) are respectively connected to the guide rails (51) via sliding grooves. The first slide (22) and the second slide (32) are respectively equipped with a first support seat (23) and a second support seat (33). The tool holder device (2) and the polishing device (3) are respectively mounted on the first support seat (23) and the second support seat (33).

6. The integrated equipment for turning, laser cladding, and polishing rotary workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (52) includes a first fixing plate (521) and a second fixing plate (522). A uniformly distributed guide fluid (523) is installed between the first fixing plate (521) and the second fixing plate (522). The first fixing plate (521) is installed on the upper side of one side guide rail (51), and the second fixing plate (522) is installed on the lower side of the other side guide rail (51), so that the guide fluid (523) is in the shape of an inclined plane inclined towards one side guide rail (51).

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