Automotive sunroof system and method that couples photothermal conversion, radiation and evaporative cooling

Abstract

This invention proposes a car sunroof device, system, and method for coupled radiation, evaporation, and photothermal conversion, belonging to the field of low-carbon and energy-saving technology for new energy vehicles. The sunroof device includes: a sunroof module, an evaporative cooling module, and an electric heating module; the sunroof module includes a frame structure and glass units; the frame structure has multiple frustum-shaped hollow structures distributed therein, and the evaporative cooling module and electric heating module are arranged inside the frame outside each frustum-shaped hollow structure; the surface of the frame structure is provided with a porous water-absorbing micro / nano structure with capillary structure; each frustum-shaped hollow structure contains an angle-adjustable glass unit; the evaporative cooling module includes two rotatable and openable electrically controlled arc plates arranged inside the frame structure and a hydrogel structure located below the two electrically controlled arc plates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of low-carbon and energy-saving technology for new energy vehicles, and particularly relates to automotive sunroof devices, systems and methods that combine coupled radiative cooling, evaporative cooling and photothermal conversion. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] One of the key technologies for the development of new energy vehicles is low-carbon and energy-saving technology. Currently, conventional temperature control technology in new energy vehicles mainly relies on electric power-driven air conditioning systems for active temperature control. However, prolonged high-load operation not only significantly reduces the vehicle's range but also exacerbates grid load and energy consumption. In recent years, in particular, the frequent occurrence of extreme high and low temperatures has placed higher demands on the thermal environment regulation capabilities of new energy vehicles under different climatic conditions. Therefore, developing passive cooling or heating technologies to assist in regulating the in-vehicle thermal environment has become one of the important directions for improving the energy efficiency and low-carbon energy-saving performance of new energy vehicles.

[0004] Passive thermal management technologies such as radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and photothermal conversion have shown broad application prospects in the field of low-carbon and energy-saving technology due to their advantages of low energy consumption, controllability, fast response, simple structure, low cost, and stable operation. Radiative cooling technology suppresses solar energy absorption by significantly reflecting sunlight and releases heat into outer space in the form of infrared radiation at high emission in the atmospheric window band, achieving self-cooling without the need for electricity input. Hydrogel evaporative cooling technology utilizes the intrinsic hygroscopic and water-storing properties of the porous network structure of hydrogels to evaporate and vaporize water at high temperatures, carrying away latent heat and effectively alleviating the problem of heat accumulation under high-temperature surfaces, thus achieving passive cooling. Photothermal conversion technology converts solar energy into heat energy through the high absorption characteristics of materials across the entire solar spectrum, thereby achieving passive heating. However, existing passive thermal management technologies mostly aim at controlling a single cooling or heating mechanism, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the dynamic thermal control needs of new energy vehicles under different climatic conditions.

[0005] Currently, new energy vehicles suffer from problems such as high dependence on air conditioning systems when in high or low temperature environments, difficulty in ensuring thermal comfort, and low energy efficiency. At the same time, existing passive thermal management technologies have technical bottlenecks such as limited functionality, poor environmental adaptability, and insufficient coordinated control capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an automotive sunroof device, system and method that couples radiative cooling, evaporative cooling and photothermal conversion, which can switch between cooling and heating modes according to environmental conditions or in-vehicle heat demand, effectively improving thermal management stability and energy efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0008] In the first aspect, a car sunroof device that couples radiant cooling, evaporative cooling, and photothermal conversion is disclosed, including:

[0009] Canopy module, evaporative cooling module, and electric heating module;

[0010] The canopy module includes a vehicle frame structure and glass units;

[0011] The frame structure has multiple frustum-shaped hollow structures. An evaporative cooling module and an electric heating module are installed inside the frame outside each frustum-shaped hollow structure. The surface of the frame structure is provided with a porous water-absorbing micro-nano structure with capillary structure.

[0012] Each of the aforementioned frustum-shaped hollow structures is provided with an angle-adjustable glass unit;

[0013] The evaporative cooling module includes two rotatable and openable electrically controlled arc plates mounted on the vehicle frame structure, a hydrogel structure located below the two electrically controlled arc plates, and a porous water-absorbing micro / nano structure with capillary structure disposed on the surface of the vehicle frame structure.

[0014] When the evaporative cooling module is working, the two electrically controlled arc plates rotate and open to allow the internal hydrogel structure to absorb water vapor from the air. If the temperature is high, the water begins to evaporate continuously on the surface of the hydrogel structure, absorbing heat. The porous water-absorbing micro-nano structure provides capillary driving force to draw and transport the water accumulated in the hydrogel structure or on the surface of the glass unit to the outer surface of the frame structure.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the shape of the frame structure is consistent with the arc of the car body, and multiple regularly arranged frustum-shaped hollow structures are distributed on it.

[0016] As a further technical solution, the glass unit includes: a window frame structure, a glass encapsulation layer structure, a glass structure, a slider structure, and a pivot structure;

[0017] An encapsulation layer structure is embedded within the window frame structure, and a glass structure is embedded within the encapsulation layer structure. Sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged vertically between the encapsulation layer structure and the window frame structure. Most of the sliding blocks are located inside the window frame structure, with a very small exposed portion having a snap-fit ​​structure. A pivot structure is provided between two sliding blocks on the same side and between the encapsulation layer structure and the window frame structure. The pivot structure is also mostly located inside the window frame structure.

[0018] As a further technical solution, the frustum-shaped hollow structure is provided with a slide rail structure, and the frustum-shaped hollow structure is connected to the glass unit through the slide rail structure and the slider structure.

[0019] As a further technical solution, if it is necessary to adjust the angle of the glass unit, the two slider structures on one side slide up or down along the slide rail structure at the same time, and the slider structure on the other side slides down or up along the slide rail structure accordingly, so that the glass unit produces a certain angle difference compared with its original position.

[0020] As a further technical solution, a hinged structure is also included, with hinged structures installed on opposite sides of the encapsulation layer structure;

[0021] The folding structure is a rectangular cavity structure with a folding buffer arrangement. The longer side of the structure without the folding buffer arrangement is snapped together with the exposed minimal portion of the two slider structures of the window frame structure, and fixedly connected to the exposed minimal portion of the rotating shaft structure, for connecting the window frame structure and the encapsulation layer structure.

[0022] As a further technical solution, the glass structure is a three-layer structure, namely a radiation cooling layer, a phase change material layer, and a photothermal conversion layer;

[0023] The phase change material in the phase change material layer is used to store excess heat energy in heating mode and release heat energy to the outside of the vehicle in cooling mode.

[0024] As a further technical solution, the steps for preparing the radiation cooling layer are as follows:

[0025] Take an appropriate amount of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in a beaker, add a certain proportion of boron nitride, and then add curing agent and diluent to obtain a mixed solution;

[0026] After thoroughly mixing the solution, pour it into a custom mold, ensuring that the solution is completely spread out in the mold, and let it stand for a sufficient time to allow the diluent to completely evaporate.

[0027] The solution in the mold is solidified by hot pressing, and the radiation-cooled film can be removed from the mold after cooling.

[0028] The obtained radiation cooling film can be bonded to glass to obtain a radiation cooling layer.

[0029] As a further technical solution, the photothermal conversion layer is prepared in the following steps:

[0030] Take an appropriate amount of PDMS in a beaker and add an appropriate amount of photothermal conversion nanoparticles, such as indium tin oxide nanoparticles and Cu7S4 nanoparticles.

[0031] After stirring the mixture thoroughly, pour it into the custom mold, ensuring that the solution is completely and evenly spread in the mold;

[0032] The desired photothermal conversion film is prepared by hot pressing to cure the film.

[0033] The resulting photothermal conversion film can be laminated onto glass to obtain a photothermal conversion layer.

[0034] As a further technical solution, the phase change material layer can be made of materials such as sodium sulfate decahydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, or calcium chloride hexahydrate, and filled between the radiation cooling layer and the photothermal conversion layer.

[0035] As a further technical solution, the manufacturing steps of the glass unit are as follows:

[0036] First, fix the two opposite sides of the prepared parallel radiative cooling layer and photothermal conversion layer with a certain gap to the encapsulation layer frame corresponding to the encapsulation layer structure. Then, use the encapsulation layer frame with the externally attached hinged structure to encapsulate the third side.

[0037] Next, slowly pour liquid phase change material into the gap. After the liquid fills the gap between the two layers, seal the unsealed side with the outer frame of the encapsulation layer with the external mounting hinge structure.

[0038] Finally, the window frame structure is used to fit the outer encapsulation layer structure to complete the encapsulation of the glass unit.

[0039] Secondly, a car sunroof system that couples radiant cooling, evaporative cooling, and photothermal conversion is disclosed, including:

[0040] Environmental monitoring unit, canopy device and central control unit;

[0041] The environmental detection unit is used to monitor parameters such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity inside the vehicle and transmit the monitored parameters to the vehicle's central control unit. The central control unit controls the sunroof device to automatically switch between cooling and heating modes based on the received data.

[0042] Thirdly, a control method for an automotive sunroof system that couples radiation, evaporation, and photothermal conversion is disclosed, including:

[0043] Monitor the vehicle's interior temperature, humidity, light intensity, and human behavior parameters;

[0044] Based on the received data on the in-vehicle environment temperature, humidity, light intensity, and human behavior parameters, the sunroof device is controlled to automatically switch between cooling and heating modes.

[0045] When the temperature is too high, the system enters cooling mode, directs the radiant cooling layer towards the sky, and adjusts the tilt angle of the glass unit according to the sun's position to optimize the radiant cooling effect. At the same time, it combines the hydrogel evaporative cooling module to achieve the purpose of cooling down, ensuring that the vehicle air conditioner can achieve the required interior temperature with lower energy consumption.

[0046] When the temperature is too low, the system enters heating mode, facing the solar thermal conversion layer towards the sky. The tilt angle of the glass unit is adjusted according to the solar radiation intensity to improve the solar thermal conversion efficiency, thereby raising the temperature of the canopy and storing excess heat. At the same time, the heating wire module can be used to further enhance the heating effect.

[0047] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0048] This invention proposes an automotive sunroof device that couples radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and photothermal conversion. The device includes an evaporative cooling module, comprising two rotatable, electrically controlled arc plates mounted on the vehicle frame structure, a hydrogel structure located below the arc plates, and a porous, water-absorbing micro / nano structure with capillary structure on the surface of the vehicle frame structure. When the evaporative cooling module is operational, the two arc plates rotate to open, allowing the internal hydrogel structure to absorb water vapor from the air. If the temperature is high, water begins to evaporate on the surface of the hydrogel structure, absorbing latent heat. The porous, water-absorbing micro / nano structure provides capillary driving force, drawing and transporting water accumulated in the hydrogel structure or on the surface of the glass unit to the outer surface of the vehicle frame structure, effectively improving the uniformity of the evaporative cooling space and the overall cooling efficiency.

[0049] The glass structure of this invention has three layers: a radiative cooling layer, a phase change material layer, and a photothermal conversion layer. The phase change material in the phase change material layer stores excess heat energy in heating mode and releases heat energy to the outside of the vehicle in cooling mode. Slider blocks on both sides of the glass unit independently control the tilt angle of each glass unit by moving back and forth in a slide rail, allowing for precise adjustment of the angle of each glass unit according to changes in the solar azimuth angle. In radiative cooling mode, adjusting the tilt angle of the glass units achieves efficient reflection of incident solar radiation, effectively preventing strong direct sunlight from entering the vehicle interior, reducing radiative heat load, and enhancing cooling performance. In photothermal conversion mode, each glass unit can be adjusted to a position that maximizes the reception of solar radiation, enhancing photothermal conversion efficiency and increasing the interior temperature.

[0050] This invention integrates multiple functional structures and intelligent response units, enabling real-time monitoring of vehicle interior and exterior temperatures and on-demand switching between cooling and heating modes, thereby dynamically optimizing thermal management efficiency under different climatic conditions. In high-temperature conditions, it utilizes a synergistic mechanism of radiative and evaporative cooling to effectively suppress solar radiation heat input into the vehicle and heat accumulation inside, significantly reducing interior temperature and alleviating the problem of significant temperature increases under intense sunlight associated with traditional sunroof devices. In low-temperature environments, it improves the interior thermal environment through efficient photothermal conversion and absorption of solar energy, while a low-power electric heating module provides compensating heat in cold environments, ensuring thermal comfort. This system demonstrates excellent environmental adaptability and comprehensive energy-saving performance under various climatic conditions, significantly reducing the air conditioning system's dependence on the vehicle's overall energy consumption. It helps improve the range and user comfort of new energy vehicles in complex climatic environments, providing reliable technical support for the low-carbon, intelligent, and efficient thermal management of new energy vehicles.

[0051] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating logic of the new energy-saving vehicle sunroof device and thermal management system.

[0054] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of achieving refined, regionally differentiated radiative cooling or photothermal conversion for this new type of energy-saving vehicle sunroof;

[0055] Figure 3 The arrangement of the glass unit, evaporation cooling module, and electric heating module;

[0056] Figure 4 Front view of a single glass unit and its mounting method;

[0057] Figure 5 Schematic diagrams of glass unit tilt angle adjustment and flip ventilation under different operating modes;

[0058] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the glass composition structure used in the glass unit;

[0059] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the hygroscopic absorption of moisture from the air by the hydrogel portion in the evaporative cooling module;

[0060] Figure 8A schematic diagram showing the directional water delivery from the porous water-absorbing micro / nano structure on the surface of the canopy to the outer surface of the vehicle frame;

[0061] Figure 9 The graph shows the changes in water absorption and evaporation of the hydrogel over time.

[0062] Figure 10 The spectral reflectance of the radiation cooling layer;

[0063] Figure 11 The infrared emissivity of the radiation cooling layer;

[0064] Figure reference numerals: A, Canopy module, including: A1, frame structure, A11, sliding rail structure, A12, frustum-shaped hollow structure, A2, glass unit, A21, encapsulation layer structure, A211, encapsulation layer frame, A22, window frame structure, A23, slider structure, A24, rotating shaft structure, A241, rotor in the rotating shaft, A25, sealing ring structure, A26, hinge structure, A27, three-layer glass structure, A271, radiation cooling layer structure, A272, phase change material layer structure, A273, photothermal conversion layer structure;

[0065] B. Evaporative cooling module, including B1, a rotatable and openable electrically controlled arc plate, B2, a hydrogel part, and B3, a porous water-absorbing micro-nano structure;

[0066] C. Electric heating module. Detailed Implementation

[0067] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0068] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations of the present invention.

[0069] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] This embodiment discloses an automotive sunroof device that couples radiation, evaporation, and photothermal conversion, including:

[0072] Canopy module A, evaporative cooling module B, and electric heating module C;

[0073] The canopy module A includes the vehicle frame structure and glass units;

[0074] The frame structure has multiple frustum-shaped hollow structures. Inside the frame, outside each frustum-shaped hollow structure, there are evaporative cooling modules and electric heating modules. The surface of the frame structure is provided with porous water-absorbing micro-nano structures with capillary structures.

[0075] Each frustum-shaped hollow structure contains an angle-adjustable glass unit;

[0076] The evaporative cooling module includes two rotatable and openable electrically controlled arc plates mounted on the vehicle frame structure, a hydrogel structure located below the two electrically controlled arc plates, and a porous water-absorbing micro / nano structure with capillary structure disposed on the surface of the vehicle frame structure.

[0077] See details Figure 2 As shown, each glass unit A2 of the panoramic sunroof module A can operate independently, and each glass unit A2 can be independently adjusted at different angles. Based on the different needs of people in different positions inside the vehicle, the working state of the panoramic sunroof can be customized, and the cooling or heating intensity can be dynamically adjusted to meet the thermal comfort needs of different passengers and improve the riding experience.

[0078] Detailed structure is attached. Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 As shown, the canopy module A consists of a frame structure A1 and glass units A2. The basic frame structure A1 is shaped by the arc of a car body and uses materials consistent with those used in ordinary new energy vehicles. It features multiple regularly arranged frustum-shaped perforated structures A12. The interior of the frame outside the frustum-shaped perforated structures A12, from top to bottom, consists of two electrically controlled arc plates B1 that can be rotatably opened on both sides, a hydrogel structure B2, and a heating wire structure C. The main structure of the frame, excluding the frustum-shaped perforated structures A12, is detailed in the diagram. Figure 3 .

[0079] The frustum-shaped hollow structure A12 is used to arrange the glass unit array. Two sliding rail structures A11 are distributed on each of the two opposite sides along the vehicle body direction. Specifically, they are set on the two opposite sides of the frustum-shaped hollow structure along the vehicle body direction. The two sliding rail structures on each side are symmetrical about the projection line of the central normal of the frustum-shaped hollow structure on that side as the axis of symmetry, and are arranged at a certain distance from the axis of symmetry.

[0080] See appendix again Figure 4 As shown, the frustum-shaped hollow structure A12 on the frame is connected to the glass unit A2 through the slide rail structure A11 and the slider structure A23 inside the window frame.

[0081] As attached Figure 5As shown, if the angle of glass unit A2 needs to be adjusted, the two slider structures A23 on one side slide up or down along the slide rail structure A11 at the same time, and the slider structure A23 on the other side slides down or up along the slide rail structure A11 accordingly, so that glass unit A2 produces a certain angle difference compared with its original position. Therefore, the angle of glass structure A27 facing the sun also changes, thereby regulating the radiation cooling efficiency or photothermal conversion efficiency.

[0082] See appendix again Figure 4 As shown, the glass unit includes: a window frame structure A22, a glass sealing layer structure A21, a triple glass structure A27, a slider structure A23, and a pivot structure A24.

[0083] An encapsulation layer structure is embedded within the window frame structure, and a glass structure is embedded within the encapsulation layer structure. Sliding blocks are symmetrically arranged vertically between the encapsulation layer structure and the window frame structure. A pivot structure is provided between two sliding blocks on the same side and between the encapsulation layer structure and the window frame structure.

[0084] The window frame structure in the glass unit is truncated pyramidal in shape, with a hollowed-out central section connecting to the glass encapsulation layer. Slide rails on both sides of the truncated pyramidal hollow structure of the frame are each connected to a slider structure. Two slider structures on each side are encased within the window frame structure, corresponding to the positions of the two slide rails. A pivot structure is installed in the center of the window frame structure, with the pivot fixed to the edge of the window frame.

[0085] It should be noted that the sliding of glass unit A2 causes deformation at the connection between glass structure A27 and window frame structure A22. To ensure smooth and reasonable sliding of the glass, a hinged structure A26 is installed on each side of the encapsulation layer structure A21. The hinged structure A26 is a rectangular cavity structure with a hinged buffer arrangement. Its longer side is snapped together with the two sliders A23 of the window frame A22 and fixedly connected to the pivot A24, connecting the window frame A22 and the glass encapsulation layer A21. The hinged buffer arrangement is fixedly connected to the glass encapsulation layer A21 and consists of two hinged components on both sides and a rectangular strip component in the middle. It provides a buffering effect for glass A27 when it slides. The hinged structure A26 snaps together with the slider structure A23 and is fixedly connected to the rotor structure A241 in the pivot structure A24.

[0086] The folding structure A26 is specifically a rectangular cavity structure with a folding buffer arrangement. A front view of the folding structure A26 is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, see the side view. Figure 5 As shown.

[0087] The aforementioned hinged structure, installed outside the glass encapsulation layer, serves as an extension of the encapsulation layer and is snapped together with the slider structure and fixed to the rotor in the rotating shaft structure. When the glass is tilted at a certain angle, the hinges inside the hinged structure also bend to cushion the glass and prevent it from undergoing large deformation due to sliding.

[0088] A rubber or plastic sealing ring structure A25 is arranged between the frustum-shaped hollow structure A12 and the glass unit A2. It is fixedly connected to the glass unit A2 to seal the gap between the glass unit A2 and the frustum-shaped hollow structure A12. The unfixed end of the sealing ring structure A25 is tightly fitted to the frustum-shaped hollow structure A12. When the glass unit A2 changes angle, the sealing ring A25 slides along with the glass unit A2 and deforms simultaneously to maintain the seal on the gap. The slide rail structure A11 and the slider structure A23 can fit tightly together without creating gaps.

[0089] If ventilation or flipping is required, the latches connecting the two-sided hinge structure A26 and all the slider structures A23 can be electrically released, and then the rotor A241 in the rotating shaft structure A24 can be rotated to rotate the three-layer glass structure A27 connected together.

[0090] The slider structures on both sides of the glass unit independently control the tilt angle of each glass unit by moving back and forth within the slide rail structure. This allows for precise adjustment of the angle of each glass unit according to changes in the solar azimuth. In radiative cooling mode, adjusting the tilt angle of the glass units achieves efficient reflection of incident solar radiation, effectively preventing strong direct sunlight from entering the vehicle interior, reducing radiative heat load, and enhancing cooling performance. In photothermal conversion mode, each glass unit can be adjusted to a position that maximizes the reception of solar radiation, enhancing photothermal conversion efficiency and increasing the interior temperature.

[0091] The latches between the slider structure connected to both sides of the frustum-shaped hollow structure and the glass encapsulation layer structure can be opened electrically. After receiving a signal from the control unit and converting it into an electrical signal, the latch structure opens electrically. At this time, the glass can be rotated at a different angle using the central pivot structure inside the window frame to achieve ventilation inside the vehicle. The ventilation strength can be controlled by different rotation angles. In addition, based on this rotation function, the orientation of the radiant cooling layer and the photothermal conversion layer can be switched, thereby realizing the conversion between cooling or heating modes.

[0092] A rubber or plastic sealing ring is placed between the frustum-shaped hollow structure and the glass unit to seal the gap between the glass unit and the frustum-shaped hollow structure. The slide rail structure and the slider structure can fit tightly together without creating gaps.

[0093] The evaporative cooling module consists of hydrogel, an electrically controlled rotatable arc plate, and a porous, water-absorbing micro / nanostructure with capillary action on the frame surface. An internal cavity is provided within the frame to house the hydrogel, and the electrically controlled rotatable arc plate is positioned above it. The evaporative cooling function is activated or deactivated by controlling the opening and closing of the arc plate. The frame surface features a porous, water-absorbing micro / nanostructure with capillary action, which can directionally transport moisture accumulated in the hydrogel or naturally on the glass unit surface due to condensation to the outer surface of the frame, effectively improving the uniformity of the evaporative cooling space and the overall cooling efficiency. The material used has a porous, water-absorbing micro / nanostructure, or a coating with a porous, water-absorbing micro / nanostructure is applied; this is known as a porous, water-absorbing micro / nanostructure.

[0094] The electronic control technology for the electrically controllable rotatable opening arc plate is based on existing technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0095] Hydrogels possess a three-dimensional porous network structure, enabling them to continuously adsorb and store moisture. At higher temperatures, the moisture continuously evaporates, absorbing a significant amount of latent heat, thus achieving a remarkable cooling effect. This, combined with radiative cooling, synergistically enhances the cooling and energy-saving characteristics of the new energy-efficient automotive sunroof system and thermal management system.

[0096] The electric heating module consists of heating wires, which are placed under the hydrogel part. The heating wires used have low power consumption and are not easy to burn out. If further protection measures are needed, a fuse can be installed on the heating wire circuit, and heating can be controlled by the vehicle's central control unit.

[0097] In low-temperature conditions, a low-power heating wire can be used to activate the heating function, which works in conjunction with the photothermal conversion function to form a compensating heat source, thereby fully ensuring thermal comfort inside the vehicle. In addition, the hydrogel is dried and isolated within the cavity by electric heating to prevent it from cooling down under low-temperature conditions.

[0098] Furthermore, the frame size can be modified to better match the shape of different car models.

[0099] As attached Figure 6As shown, the glass structure A27 used in this embodiment is a three-layer rectangular structure, consisting of a radiative cooling layer A271, a phase change material layer A272, and a photothermal conversion layer A273 from left to right. The phase change material stores excess heat in heating mode and releases heat to the outside of the vehicle in cooling mode, thus buffering temperature fluctuations. Both the radiative cooling layer A271 and the photothermal conversion layer A273 are prepared by bonding a thin film to ordinary glass. The radiative cooling layer provides radiative cooling, and the photothermal conversion layer provides heating. The edges of the glass structure are encapsulated by a frame made of rubber, plastic, or other feasible and sufficiently strong materials. By adjusting the orientation of the radiative cooling layer or the photothermal conversion layer in the double-layer glass structure, the contact interface with the external environment can be controlled, enabling cooling or heating functions under different operating conditions.

[0100] More specifically, the preparation steps of the radiation cooling layer A271 are as follows:

[0101] Take an appropriate amount of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in a beaker, add a certain proportion of boron nitride, and then add a curing agent and a diluent to obtain a mixed solution.

[0102] After thoroughly mixing the solution, pour it into a custom mold, ensuring that the solution is completely spread out in the mold, and let it stand for a sufficient time to allow the diluent to completely evaporate.

[0103] The solution in the mold is solidified by hot pressing, and the radiation-cooled film can be removed from the mold after cooling.

[0104] The specific preparation parameters are a mixture of 97% PDMS and 3% boron nitride, with a curing agent and a diluent added. The amount of curing agent is 10% of the dosage of PDMS, and the amount of diluent is 20% to 40% of the dosage of PDMS. The advantages are that the radiation cooling layer has high efficiency in radiation cooling, is environmentally friendly and sustainable, and can enhance thermal management.

[0105] The obtained radiation cooling film is attached to the glass to obtain radiation cooling layer A271.

[0106] The preparation steps of the photothermal conversion layer A273 are as follows:

[0107] Take an appropriate amount of PDMS in a beaker and add an appropriate amount of photothermal conversion nanoparticles, such as indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO) and Cu7S4 nanoparticles.

[0108] After stirring the mixture thoroughly, pour it into a custom mold, ensuring that the solution is completely and evenly spread within the mold.

[0109] The desired photothermal conversion film is prepared by curing the film using a hot pressing method.

[0110] The resulting photothermal conversion film is laminated onto glass to obtain the photothermal conversion layer A273.

[0111] The specific preparation parameters are as follows: a mixed solution of 97% PDMS and 3% photothermal conversion nanoparticles, with a curing agent and a diluent added. The amount of curing agent is 10% of the amount of PDMS used, and the amount of diluent is 20% to 40% of the amount of PDMS used. The advantages are that the photothermal conversion layer has high photothermal conversion efficiency, good electrical and thermal conductivity, and is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Combined with a radiation cooling layer, thermal management can be further enhanced.

[0112] More specifically, the phase change material layer A272 is selected from sodium sulfate decahydrate (Sodium sulfate decahydrate). ), magnesium chloride hexahydrate ( ), calcium chloride hexahydrate ( The steps for filling the glass unit A2 with hydrated salt phase change materials such as α-hydroxyl salts into the space between the radiation cooling layer A271 and the photothermal conversion layer A273, and then encapsulating it, are as follows:

[0113] First, the two opposite edges of the prepared parallel radiative cooling layer A271 and photothermal conversion layer A273, with a certain gap, are fixed to the plastic or rubber encapsulation frame A211 corresponding to the encapsulation layer A21. Next, the plastic or rubber encapsulation frame A211 with an attached hinged structure A26 is used to encapsulate the third edge.

[0114] Next, liquid phase change material is slowly poured into the gap. After the liquid fills the gap between the two layers, the unsealed side is sealed with a plastic or rubber encapsulation frame A211 with an externally mounted hinged structure A26. Finally, the outer encapsulation layer A21 is fitted with a window frame A22 to complete the encapsulation of the glass unit A2.

[0115] The specific preparation parameters and ratios can be referenced from the mass ratio of water and salt compound in the corresponding hydrated salt and the molar ratio of salt to water. Generally, a certain mass of salt is dissolved in pure water, the solution is evaporated and crystallized, and then filtered and dried to obtain the required hydrate. The advantages are high heat capacity and high thermal conductivity, good stability, adjustable phase transition temperature, and low cost.

[0116] As attached Figure 7 Appendix Figure 8As shown, when the evaporative cooling module B is working, the two rotatable and openable electrically controlled arc plates B1 on the surface of the frame A1 rotate and open, causing the internal hydrogel B2 to absorb water vapor in the air and accumulate it into a certain amount of liquid. If the temperature is high, the water will start to evaporate continuously on the surface of the hydrogel B2 and absorb heat. The porous water-absorbing micro-nano structure B3 with capillary structure on the surface of the frame structure A1 provides capillary driving force to draw and transport the water accumulated in the hydrogel B2 or the water that naturally accumulates on the surface of the glass unit A2 due to condensation, rainfall, etc. to the outer surface of the frame A1, effectively improving the uniformity of the evaporative cooling space and the overall cooling efficiency.

[0117] More specifically, the hydrogel portion B2 is made of poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS), and the preparation steps are as follows:

[0118] Take an appropriate amount of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in a beaker, and then add an appropriate amount of water to obtain a mixed solution.

[0119] Add a certain amount of crosslinking agent and a certain amount of initiator to the mixed solution, stir the solution evenly, heat to 60℃, and react for 20 minutes to successfully prepare the desired hydrogel B2.

[0120] The specific preparation parameters can be adjusted according to actual needs. If 10% concentration of PAMPS is to be prepared, a mixed solution is made of 90% water and 10% AMPS by mass, and then 0.5%–2% of crosslinking agent and 0.1%–0.5% of initiator by mass of AMPS are added. The advantages are that it has high hydrophilicity and stability, as well as good environmental protection and sustainability.

[0121] Furthermore, the electric heating module C typically operates in cold seasons, utilizing the heating wire C located below the hydrogel B2 portion for heating, assisting in the photothermal conversion function, and providing compensatory heating to the vehicle interior.

[0122] As attached Figure 9 As shown, the hydrogel structure B2 used in this invention continuously adsorbs moisture from the air for a period of time after it starts working. After a period of time or under heating conditions, the hydrogel B2 causes the accumulated moisture to evaporate and vaporize, thus exerting a cooling effect.

[0123] As attached Figure 10 As shown, the radiation cooling layer A271 used in this invention exhibits high reflectivity across the entire solar spectrum, effectively reducing solar heat gain.

[0124] As attached Figure 11 As shown, the radiation cooling layer A271 used in this invention has a broad-spectrum high infrared emissivity, which can effectively release heat in the form of thermal radiation.

[0125] Multifunctional composite glass unit design: The glass unit integrates a radiative cooling layer, a photothermal conversion layer, and a phase change material layer, and has dual-mode functions of cooling and heating. It can switch between cooling and heating modes according to environmental conditions or in-vehicle heat demand. The phase change material layer can effectively store heat / cold energy and buffer temperature fluctuations, effectively improving thermal management stability and energy efficiency.

[0126] The multi-glass unit array sunroof module features regional dynamic tilt adjustment: The sunroof system, composed of multiple glass units, allows for independent tilt angle adjustment of each unit. This, combined with consideration of solar orientation and in-vehicle thermal comfort requirements, enables synergistic optimization and regionalized thermal control of radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and photothermal conversion. Furthermore, it maintains the ventilation function of conventional sunroofs, introducing fresh air to purify the in-vehicle environment while enhancing convective heat transfer.

[0127] Multi-mode coupling for energy-saving and low-carbon thermal management operation in different scenarios: In high-temperature scenarios, radiation cooling combined with hydrogel evaporative cooling function is used to form a dual-coordinated passive heat dissipation path; in low-temperature scenarios, photothermal conversion and low-power electric heating wire are used to achieve active and passive coordinated heating; thus, energy saving and low-carbon operation can be achieved in all application scenarios of new energy vehicles.

[0128] Intelligent Environmental Response Thermal Management System with Coupled Multi-Module Thermal Control Functions: An intelligent environmental response thermal management system integrating multi-module thermal control functions and environmental sensing units is proposed. By monitoring key parameters such as in-vehicle temperature and humidity, outdoor light intensity, and temperature, the system feeds back the current thermal control status and environmental change trends to the vehicle's central control unit, thereby finely controlling the in-vehicle thermal environment and realizing feedback interaction between humans, vehicles, the environment, and humans.

[0129] Example 2

[0130] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide an automotive sunroof system that couples radiant cooling, evaporative cooling, and photothermal conversion, including: an environmental monitoring unit, a sunroof device, and a central control unit;

[0131] The environmental detection unit is used to monitor the in-vehicle temperature, humidity, light intensity, and human behavior parameters, and transmit the monitored parameters to the vehicle's central control unit. The central control unit controls the sunroof device to automatically switch between cooling and heating modes based on the received data.

[0132] The data obtained from human behavior monitoring includes observable human data such as body surface temperature and respiratory rate. Five data points are input; the data is monitored by relevant installed sensors, and the monitored data is fed back to the control unit, which is then adjusted according to the standard parameters of human comfort preset by the occupants.

[0133] This invention couples energy-saving thermal management technologies such as radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and photothermal conversion, and integrates multiple functional structures and intelligent response units. It proposes a working method for an energy-saving automotive sunroof device and thermal management system, which can autonomously switch between cooling and heating modes based on monitoring key parameters such as in-vehicle temperature and humidity, outdoor light intensity, and temperature. In addition, the sunroof system, composed of multiple glass units, supports independent adjustment of the tilt angle of each unit. It can combine the sun's orientation and the thermal comfort needs of the vehicle to achieve synergistic optimization and regional dynamic thermal management control of radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and photothermal conversion functions. At the same time, by monitoring key parameters of the in-vehicle environment, the current thermal control status and environmental change trends are fed back to the vehicle's central control unit, realizing feedback interaction between people, vehicle, environment, and people. Ultimately, it enables energy saving, consumption reduction, and low-carbon intelligent operation of new energy vehicles in all application scenarios.

[0134] Example 3

[0135] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a control method for an automotive sunroof system that couples radiation, evaporation, and photothermal conversion, including:

[0136] Monitoring factors such as ambient temperature and humidity inside the vehicle to determine the comfort level of the environment for the human body;

[0137] If the temperature is too high, the system's cooling mode will be activated, and the radiative cooling surface of the glass unit will be turned towards the sky. The tilt angle of the glass unit will be adjusted according to the sun's position to enhance the radiative cooling capacity. At the same time, the evaporative cooling performance of the hydrogel will be combined to further reduce the temperature of the skylight, ensuring that the vehicle's air conditioning achieves the required cooling effect with lower energy consumption.

[0138] If the temperature is too low, the system's heating mode will be activated. The glass unit's photothermal conversion surface will be turned towards the sky, and the tilt angle of the glass unit will be adjusted according to the intensity of solar radiation to improve the efficiency of photothermal absorption and conversion, thereby raising the temperature of the canopy and storing excess heat. At the same time, electric heating wires can be used to further enhance the heating effect, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the air conditioning system and achieving efficient heating.

[0139] Based on the dynamic changes in the environment, feedback is sent to the vehicle's central control unit. Each panoramic glass unit can be independently adjusted in angle to dynamically adjust the cooling or heating intensity to meet the thermal comfort needs of different occupants. Manual customization is also supported, allowing occupants to flexibly adjust the panoramic glass's working status according to the vehicle's individual needs, thereby enhancing the riding experience.

[0140] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle canopy device that couples radiation, evaporation, and photothermal conversion, characterized by, The application relates to a vehicle roof module, evaporative cooling module and electric heating module. The vehicle roof module comprises a vehicle frame structure and a glass unit. The vehicle frame structure is provided with a plurality of prismatic hollow structures, and an evaporative cooling module and an electric heating module are arranged in the vehicle frame structure outside each prismatic hollow structure. An angle-adjustable glass unit is arranged in each prismatic hollow structure. The glass unit comprises a window frame structure, a glass encapsulation layer structure, a glass structure, a sliding block structure and a rotating shaft structure. The window frame structure is embedded with the encapsulation layer structure, the encapsulation layer structure is embedded with the glass structure, the sliding block structure is symmetrically arranged between the encapsulation layer structure and the window frame structure in an up-down position, most of the sliding block structure is arranged in the window frame structure, a very small part of the sliding block structure is exposed and provided with a buckle structure, the rotating shaft structure is arranged between two sliding block structures on the same side and between the encapsulation layer structure and the window frame structure, and most of the rotating shaft structure is arranged in the window frame structure. The prismatic hollow structure is provided with a sliding rail structure along the vehicle body direction, the prismatic hollow structure accommodates the glass unit, and the two structures are connected through the sliding rail structure and the sliding block structure. If the angle of the glass unit needs to be adjusted, the two sliding block structures on one side are simultaneously slid upwards or downwards along the sliding rail structure, and the sliding block structure on the other side is correspondingly slid downwards or upwards along the sliding rail structure, so that the glass unit has a certain angle difference compared with the original position. The glass structure is a three-layer structure, and the three layers are a radiative cooling layer, a phase change material layer and a light-heat conversion layer. The phase change material in the phase change material layer is used for storing excess heat energy in a heating mode and releasing heat energy to the outside of the vehicle in a cooling mode. The evaporative cooling module comprises two rotatable and open electric control arc plates arranged on the vehicle frame structure, a hydrogel structure arranged below the two electric control arc plates and a porous water-absorbing micro-nano structure with a capillary structure arranged on the surface of the vehicle frame structure. The glass unit further comprises a folding type structure, and the folding type structure is arranged on the opposite sides of the encapsulation layer structure.

2. The vehicle canopy apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radiation, evaporation and photothermal conversion are coupled. The folding type structure is a long rectangular cavity structure provided with a folding buffer arrangement, the long side of the long rectangular cavity structure without the folding buffer arrangement is buckled connected with the very small part of the two sliding block structures of the window frame structure and fixedly connected with the very small part of the rotating shaft structure, and the folding type structure is used for connecting the window frame structure and the encapsulation layer structure. The preparation steps of the radiative cooling layer are as follows:

3. The vehicle canopy apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radiation, evaporation and photothermal conversion are coupled. A certain amount of polydimethylsiloxane is taken in a beaker, a certain proportion of boron nitride is added, then a curing agent and a diluent are added to obtain a mixed solution; After the mixed solution is fully stirred and uniformly mixed, the mixed solution is poured into a customized mold, the solution is ensured to be completely laid in the mold, and the solution is left to stand for a long enough time to ensure that the diluent is completely volatilized; The solution in the mold is cured by using a hot pressing method, and the radiative cooling film can be taken out from the mold after cooling; The obtained radiative cooling film is attached to the glass to obtain the radiative cooling layer. The preparation steps of the light-heat conversion layer are as follows:

4. The vehicle canopy apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radiation, evaporation and photothermal conversion are coupled. A certain amount of polydimethylsiloxane is taken in a beaker, and a certain amount of light-heat conversion nanoparticles are added; After the mixed solution is stirred and uniformly mixed, the mixed solution is poured into a customized mold, and the solution is ensured to be completely laid in the mold. ​ The light-heat conversion film is obtained by curing the thin film by hot pressing method; The light-heat conversion film is attached to the glass to obtain a light-heat conversion layer.

5. The vehicle canopy apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radiation, evaporation and photothermal conversion are coupled. The phase change material in the phase change material layer is filled between the radiative cooling layer and the light-heat conversion layer.

6. The vehicle canopy apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radiation, evaporation and photothermal conversion are coupled. The manufacturing steps of the glass unit are as follows: First, the opposite two edges of the prepared radiative cooling layer and light-heat conversion layer which are placed in parallel and have a gap are fixed on the corresponding edge frames of the packaging layer structure, then the edge frame of the packaging layer with the attached folding structure is used to package the third edge; Secondly, the liquid phase change material is slowly poured into the gap, and after the liquid fills the gap between the two layers, the edge frame of the packaging layer with the attached folding structure is used to package the unsealed edge; Finally, the peripheral packaging layer structure is embedded with the window frame structure to complete the packaging of the glass unit.

7. A vehicular canopy system that couples radiation, evaporation, and photothermal conversion, characterized by, It comprises: an environmental detection unit, a sky screen device and a central control unit; the sky screen device adopts the vehicle sky screen device of coupling radiation, evaporation and light-heat conversion according to any one of claims 1-6; the environmental detection unit is used to monitor the temperature, humidity and light intensity parameters of the vehicle interior environment and transmit the monitored parameters to the central control unit of the vehicle, and the central control unit controls the automatic switching of the cooling mode and the heating mode of the sky screen device based on the received data.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: determining a current position of the vehicle; and determining a current time of day; and wherein the step of determining the current state of the vehicle is based on the current position and the current time of day. It comprises: monitoring the temperature, humidity and light intensity parameters of the vehicle interior environment; controlling the automatic switching of the cooling mode and the heating mode of the sky screen device based on the received data of the temperature, humidity and light intensity parameters of the vehicle interior environment; when the temperature is too high, the cooling mode is entered, the radiative cooling layer is faced to the sky, and the inclination angle of the glass unit is adjusted in combination with the solar azimuth to optimize the radiative cooling effect, and the water gel evaporation cooling module is combined to realize the cooling purpose, so that the vehicle air conditioner realizes the required vehicle interior temperature with lower energy consumption; when the temperature is too low, the heating mode is entered, the light-heat conversion layer is faced to the sky, and the inclination angle of the glass unit is adjusted in combination with the solar radiation intensity to improve the light-heat absorption efficiency, so that the temperature of the sky screen is increased and the excess heat is stored, and the electric heating wire module can be used to further enhance the heating effect.

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