Adjustable damping shock insulation support and construction method

Abstract

The application relates to an adjustable damping shock insulation support and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of building anti-seismic technology. The shock insulation support comprises a base, a support assembly, a magneto-rheological damping module, a self-resetting module and a control module. The support assembly is connected with an upper support plate and a lower support plate through elastic connecting pieces. The magneto-rheological damping module dynamically adjusts damping force by changing the strength of a magnetic field through an adjusting coil. The self-resetting module automatically resets after an earthquake through a shape memory alloy spring. The control module monitors and adjusts the damping performance of the magneto-rheological damping module in real time through a sensor and a controller. The application can realize self-adaption and active adjustment of damping, has a self-resetting function, improves the anti-seismic performance, simplifies the construction process, reduces the installation cost, and is suitable for the shock insulation requirements of buildings under different intensity vibration conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building seismic technology, specifically relating to an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Seismic isolation bearings, as key components in building seismic resistance technology, play a crucial role in improving the seismic performance of buildings. Existing seismic isolation bearings, by incorporating vertical and horizontal isolation components, effectively separate vertical and horizontal forces and possess adjustable stiffness, enabling them to adapt to isolation requirements under various vibration conditions. However, their damper design typically relies on fixed damping elements, such as springs, preventing dynamic adjustment of damping characteristics based on actual vibration intensity. This, to some extent, limits the applicability of seismic isolation bearings under complex operating conditions.

[0003] Furthermore, this type of bearing requires high installation precision, which may increase the difficulty and cost of on-site construction. Another existing solution uses a rubber body and sandwiched steel plate to provide seismic isolation, but its damping adjustment capability is relatively limited, mainly relying on the viscous properties of the material itself and preset structural parameters. It lacks an active or semi-active damping adjustment mechanism, and existing seismic isolation bearings generally lack self-resetting functionality. Therefore, how to optimize the structural design of seismic isolation bearings to make them possess both damping adjustment capability and multi-condition adaptability has become an important research direction in the field of seismic technology for building engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing and its construction method. The technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] This invention provides an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing, comprising: a base, a support assembly, a magnetorheological damping module, a self-resetting module, and a control module; the support assembly includes an upper support plate and a lower support plate, the upper support plate and the lower support plate being connected by an elastic connector, the elastic connector being multiple helical springs evenly distributed circumferentially along the upper support plate and the lower support plate; the lower support plate is disposed on the base; the magnetorheological damping module is disposed between the upper support plate and the lower support plate, the magnetorheological damping module including a magnetorheological fluid cavity, a magnetic field generator, and an adjusting coil, the magnetorheological fluid cavity being filled with magnetorheological fluid, the adjusting coil being electrically connected to the magnetic field generator, and the magnetic field generator being fixed to the base. The adjusting coil is arranged around the outside of the magnetic field generator on the outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity; the self-resetting module includes a shape memory alloy spring and a limiting plate. One end of the shape memory alloy spring is fixedly connected to the upper support plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower support plate. The limiting plate is fixed to the top of the lower support plate, and an arc-shaped groove is provided on the inner side of the limiting plate. The middle part of the shape memory alloy spring is embedded in the arc-shaped groove; the control module includes a sensor, a controller, and a power supply. The sensor is fixed to the bottom of the upper support plate. The signal output terminal of the sensor is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the controller. The control output terminal of the controller is electrically connected to the adjusting coil, and the power supply is electrically connected to the controller.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, a heat sink is provided on the outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity. The heat sink is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the magnetorheological fluid cavity. There is a gap between the top of the heat sink and the upper support plate to form a top heat dissipation channel, and there is a gap between the bottom of the heat sink and the lower support plate to form a bottom heat dissipation channel. A thermally conductive coating is provided on the outer wall of the magnetic field generator, and the thermally conductive coating contacts the heat sink. An insulating layer is provided on the outer wall of the adjusting coil.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the two ends of the shape memory alloy spring are respectively connected to the upper support plate and the lower support plate; the arc groove of the limiting plate is provided with a lubricating coating, the material of the lubricating coating is polytetrafluoroethylene; the two sides of the limiting plate are provided with reinforcing ribs, one end of the reinforcing rib is fixedly connected to the limiting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower support plate, the cross section of the reinforcing rib is trapezoidal.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sensor includes an acceleration sensor and a displacement sensor. The acceleration sensor is fixed at the bottom center of the upper support plate, and the displacement sensor is fixed at the bottom edge of the upper support plate. The controller includes a signal processing unit and a control unit. The input terminal of the signal processing unit is electrically connected to the signal output terminals of the acceleration sensor and the displacement sensor. The output terminal of the signal processing unit is electrically connected to the input terminal of the control unit. The output terminal of the control unit is electrically connected to the adjustment coil. The power supply includes a battery and a voltage regulator. The battery is electrically connected to the voltage regulator, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator is electrically connected to the controller.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the top of the base is provided with a mounting groove, the lower support plate is embedded in the mounting groove, the inner wall of the mounting groove is provided with a positioning pin, the lower support plate is provided with a positioning hole at a corresponding position, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole and passes through to connect to the base; the bottom of the base is provided with an anti-slip pad, the anti-slip pad is made of rubber; the base is provided with fixing holes around its perimeter, and expansion bolts are provided in the fixing holes.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer wall of the helical spring is provided with an anti-corrosion coating, the material of the anti-corrosion coating being epoxy resin; a buffer sleeve is provided in the middle of the helical spring, the material of the buffer sleeve being silicone, and the inner diameter of the buffer sleeve matching the outer diameter of the helical spring.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the interior of the magnetorheological fluid cavity is provided with a partition plate, which divides the magnetorheological fluid cavity into multiple independent chambers, each of which is filled with magnetorheological fluid; the side of the partition plate is provided with a guide groove, a slider is slidably disposed in the guide groove, and one end of the slider is fixedly connected to the upper support plate; the top and bottom of the partition plate are respectively provided with sealing strips, the sealing strips being made of nitrile rubber, for sealing the gap between the partition plate and the inner wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the control module further includes a wireless communication unit, the input terminal of which is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the controller, and the output terminal of which is electrically connected to a remote monitoring terminal; the wireless communication unit includes an antenna and a signal amplifier, the antenna is fixed to the top of the base, the signal amplifier is fixed inside the base, and the antenna is electrically connected to the signal amplifier.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the remote monitoring terminal includes a display screen and a data storage unit, the display screen being electrically connected to the data storage unit, and the input terminal of the data storage unit being electrically connected to the output terminal of the wireless communication unit.

[0014] The present invention also provides a construction method for an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing, for realizing the above-mentioned adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Position and level the base, and fix the lower support plate onto the base;

[0016] Step 2: Install multiple helical springs on the top of the lower support plate, install the magnetorheological fluid cavity on the top of the lower support plate, and fix the magnetic field generator and adjustment coil.

[0017] Step 3: Connect one end of the shape memory alloy spring to the lower support plate, fix the limiting plate on the lower support plate, and then embed the middle part of the shape memory alloy spring into the arc groove of the limiting plate.

[0018] Step 4: After connecting and fixing the helical spring and the magnetorheological fluid cavity to the upper support plate respectively, connect the other end of the shape memory alloy spring to the upper support plate;

[0019] Step 5: Fix the sensor to the bottom of the upper support plate, install the controller and power supply inside the base, connect the circuit between the sensor, the controller, the power supply and the adjustment coil, and perform a circuit check;

[0020] Step 6: Power on the controller to perform functional tests on the magnetorheological damping module and the self-reset module, and record the test data; when the test data meets the preset threshold, complete the installation and perform the final structural inspection.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing of this invention utilizes a magnetorheological damping module. This module adjusts the magnetic field strength by regulating the coil, thereby adjusting the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid and dynamically adjusting the damping force to meet the seismic isolation requirements under different vibration intensities. A self-resetting module, leveraging the characteristics of shape memory alloy springs, allows the seismic isolation bearing to automatically return to its initial state after an earthquake, reducing residual deformation. A control module monitors the working status of the seismic isolation bearing in real time using sensors and, based on the data acquired by the sensors, adjusts the performance of the magnetorheological damping module in real time through a controller, achieving active or semi-active damping adjustment. Compared to existing technologies, this invention achieves adaptive and active damping adjustment, while also possessing a self-resetting function. This improves the applicability and seismic performance of the seismic isolation bearing, simplifies the construction process, and reduces installation difficulty and construction costs.

[0023] This invention features heat sinks on the outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity, with gaps between the heat sinks and the upper and lower support plates, forming top and bottom heat dissipation channels. These channels improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the magnetorheological fluid during operation, effectively preventing performance degradation and damping force inaccuracy caused by excessive temperature rise, thus ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the damping module. An accelerometer is fixed at the center of the upper support plate, and a displacement sensor is fixed at its edge. These two sensors work together to achieve comprehensive and accurate vibration identification, providing a reliable data foundation for real-time, adaptive adjustment of the damping force. A magnetic field generator and an adjustment coil together form a composite magnetic circuit. The magnetic field generator provides a stable, energy-efficient base magnetic field, allowing the support to maintain its base damping force even under normal or abnormal power outage conditions, providing fail-safe protection. Simultaneously, the adjustment coil regulates this base magnetic field, enabling fine adjustment of the total magnetic field strength and damping force. This not only broadens the range of damping force control but also reduces reliance on the continuous high-performance output of the adjustment coil, helping to optimize the overall system energy consumption.

[0024] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram (first view) of an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (second view) of the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3This is a structural cross-sectional view (third view) of the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a structural cross-sectional view (fourth view) of the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the magnetorheological damping module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of the control module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the construction method for the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals: 1-Base; 2-Upper support plate; 3-Lower support plate; 4-Magnetorheological fluid cavity; 41-Separator plate; 42-Slider; 5-Magnetic field generator; 6-Adjusting coil; 7-Shape memory alloy spring; 8-Limiting plate; 9-Sensor; 10-Controller; 11-Heat sink; 12-Helical spring. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides a detailed explanation of an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing and its construction method based on the present invention.

[0034] The foregoing and other technical contents, features, and effects of the present invention will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Through the description of the specific embodiments, a more in-depth and concrete understanding can be gained of the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose. However, the accompanying drawings are for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Existing seismic isolation bearings still have certain limitations in terms of damping adjustment capability, ease of construction, and adaptability to complex vibrations, making it difficult to fully meet the demands of modern engineering for intelligent seismic performance. Therefore, this invention provides an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing, such as... Figures 1 to 6 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram (first view) of an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (second view) of the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural cross-sectional view (third view) of the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural cross-sectional view (fourth view) of the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a structural cross-sectional view of the magnetorheological damping module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of the control module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] In this embodiment, the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing includes: a base 1, a support assembly, a magnetorheological damping module, a self-resetting module, and a control module. The support assembly includes an upper support plate 2 and a lower support plate 3, which are connected by an elastic connector, which is a plurality of helical springs 12, evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3; the lower support plate 3 is disposed on the base 1.

[0038] For example, the outer wall of the helical spring 12 is provided with an anti-corrosion coating made of epoxy resin to improve the durability of the helical spring 12. A buffer sleeve is provided in the middle of the helical spring 12. The buffer sleeve may be made of silicone, and its inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the helical spring 12 to absorb vibration energy and reduce impact. The anti-corrosion coating on the outer wall of the helical spring 12 and the buffer sleeve in the middle further enhance the durability and impact resistance of the support assembly.

[0039] The magnetorheological damping module is disposed between the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3. The magnetorheological damping module includes a magnetorheological fluid cavity 4, a magnetic field generator 5, and an adjustment coil 6. The magnetorheological fluid cavity 4 is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The adjustment coil 6 is electrically connected to the magnetic field generator 5. The magnetic field generator 5 is fixed on the outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4. The adjustment coil 6 is arranged around the outside of the magnetic field generator 5.

[0040] When seismic isolation bearings operate under long-term or high-intensity conditions, their damping elements generate significant heat due to continuous energy consumption. Poor heat dissipation will lead to performance degradation of the magnetorheological fluid and inaccurate damping force, severely affecting the long-term operational stability and reliability of the bearing. Therefore, this invention provides heat sinks 11 on the outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4. The heat sinks 11 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4. A gap exists between the top of the heat sink 11 and the upper support plate 2 to form a top heat dissipation channel, and a gap exists between the bottom of the heat sink 11 and the lower support plate 3 to form a bottom heat dissipation channel. Through the top and bottom heat dissipation channels, the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4 can dissipate the heat generated by the magnetorheological fluid during operation, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the magnetorheological damping module.

[0041] Furthermore, the magnetic field generator 5 can be a permanent magnet and is positioned close to the outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4. A thermally conductive coating, such as a zirconia ceramic coating, is provided on the outer wall of the magnetic field generator 5, and it contacts the heat sink 11 through this coating. This thermally conductive coating establishes an efficient heat conduction path from the magnetic field generator 5 to the heat sink 11, ensuring the temperature stability of the permanent magnet during long-term operation. An insulating layer is provided on the outer wall of the regulating coil 6, and the thickness of the insulating layer matches the turn spacing of the regulating coil 6 to ensure electrical isolation performance and prevent short circuits.

[0042] It is worth noting that if only an energized coil is used to generate the magnetic field, the damping force will drop sharply once the power is cut off, leading to safety hazards. At the same time, there is room for improvement in the linear range and response accuracy of a single electromagnetic coil adjustment. Based on this, in the magnetorheological damping module of this invention, a composite magnetic circuit is formed by a magnetic field generator 5 and an adjusting coil 6. The magnetic field generator 5 provides a stable basic magnetic field, enabling the support to possess basic damping force under normal conditions, thus providing fail-safe protection and reducing the continuous energizing time of the adjusting coil 6, thereby reducing the total energy consumption of the system. The adjusting coil 6, by receiving the current signal from the controller 10, generates a precisely controllable superimposed magnetic field, achieving rapid and fine adjustment of the total magnetic field strength and damping force.

[0043] The self-resetting module includes a shape memory alloy spring 7 and a limiting plate 8. One end of the shape memory alloy spring 7 is fixedly connected to the upper support plate 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower support plate 3. The two ends of the shape memory alloy spring 7 are respectively connected to the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3. The limiting plate 8 is fixed to the top of the lower support plate 3. The inner side of the limiting plate 8 is provided with an arc-shaped groove, and the middle part of the shape memory alloy spring 7 is embedded in the arc-shaped groove.

[0044] For example, the shape memory alloy spring 7 may also have connectors at both ends. One connector has threads on its outer wall and a threaded hole at the corresponding position of the lower support plate 3. The connector is fixed by the thread and the threaded hole. The other connector is fixedly connected to the upper support plate 2 by welding or pins.

[0045] Preferably, multiple shape memory alloy springs 7, such as four, are provided. These shape memory alloy springs 7 and multiple helical springs 12 are distributed alternately and evenly in the circumference to form a ring-shaped elastic structure, so that vibrations can be uniformly transmitted to multiple shape memory alloy springs 7, and horizontal seismic forces from all directions can be uniformly transmitted and stimulate the hyperelastic effect of shape memory alloy springs 7, thereby significantly enhancing the overall recovery capability of the seismic isolation bearing.

[0046] For example, the arc-shaped groove of the limiting plate 8 is provided with a lubricating coating. The material of the lubricating coating is polytetrafluoroethylene. The shape memory alloy spring 7 is embedded in the arc-shaped groove and comes into contact with the lubricating coating to reduce frictional resistance. The limiting plate 8 is provided with reinforcing ribs on both sides. One end of the reinforcing rib is fixedly connected to the limiting plate 8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower support plate 3. The cross-section of the reinforcing rib can be set as trapezoidal to enhance structural stability.

[0047] It is worth noting that by integrating the magnetorheological damping module and the self-resetting module into the same support, functional complementarity and synergy are achieved. During an earthquake, the magnetorheological damping module adjusts the magnetic field by regulating coil 6, thereby adjusting the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid in the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4 in real time. This provides adaptive and variable damping force, efficiently dissipating seismic energy and suppressing structural deformation. After the earthquake, the shape memory alloy spring 7 in the self-resetting module, with its unique hyperelasticity and shape memory effect, can drive the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3 to return to their initial positions under the guidance of the limiting plate 8, significantly reducing residual deformation of the structure. Through damping energy dissipation and resetting, the support possesses both excellent immediate seismic performance and post-earthquake self-recovery capability, greatly improving the toughness and recoverability of the building structure.

[0048] The control module includes a sensor 9, a controller 10, and a power supply. The sensor 9 is fixed to the bottom of the upper support plate 2, and its signal output terminal is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 10. The sensor 9 includes an acceleration sensor and a displacement sensor; the acceleration sensor is fixed to the center of the bottom of the upper support plate 2, and the displacement sensor is fixed to the bottom edge of the upper support plate 2. The control output terminal of the controller 10 is electrically connected to the adjustment coil 6, and the power supply is electrically connected to the controller 10. The controller 10 includes a signal processing unit and a control unit. The input terminal of the signal processing unit is electrically connected to the signal output terminals of the acceleration and displacement sensors, and the output terminal of the signal processing unit is electrically connected to the input terminal of the control unit. The output terminal of the control unit is electrically connected to the adjustment coil 6. The power supply includes a battery and a voltage regulator; the battery is electrically connected to the voltage regulator, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator is electrically connected to the controller 10.

[0049] It is worth noting that traditional monitoring schemes often rely on a single type of sensor, making it difficult to comprehensively capture the characteristics of different frequencies and spatial distributions in complex vibrations. For example, while displacement sensors alone can monitor overall deformation, they are not sensitive to the initial response to high-frequency impacts; and using only accelerometers may not accurately assess structural deformation. Therefore, this invention employs a combination of accelerometers and displacement sensors. The accelerometer is positioned at the bottom center of the upper support plate 2 to capture core vibrations, while the displacement sensors are positioned at the edges to monitor relative deformation. The control module can comprehensively and accurately identify vibrations, providing a reliable basis for real-time, adaptive adjustment of the damping force.

[0050] In an optional implementation, the control module further includes a wireless communication unit. The input terminal of the wireless communication unit is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the controller 10, and the output terminal of the wireless communication unit is electrically connected to a remote monitoring terminal. The wireless communication unit includes an antenna and a signal amplifier. The antenna is fixed to the top of the base 1, and the signal amplifier is fixed inside the base 1. The antenna and the signal amplifier are electrically connected. The remote monitoring terminal includes a display screen and a data storage unit. The display screen and the data storage unit are electrically connected, and the input terminal of the data storage unit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the wireless communication unit. This allows for remote communication via wireless means, enabling monitoring of the working status of the seismic isolation bearing and visualization through the display screen.

[0051] In one optional embodiment, the base 1 has a mounting groove at its top, and the lower support plate 3 is embedded in the mounting groove. A positioning pin is provided on the inner wall of the mounting groove, and a positioning hole is provided at a corresponding position on the lower support plate 3. The positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole, passes through it, and connects to the base 1 to achieve precise positioning of the lower support plate 3. The bottom of the base 1 has an anti-slip pad, which can be made of rubber, and its thickness matches the height of the base 1 to increase the friction between the base 1 and the ground. Fixing holes are provided around the base 1, and expansion bolts are installed in these holes to fix the base 1 to the ground. The mounting groove on the base 1, the positioning pin, and the positioning holes on the lower support plate 3 together constitute a rapid positioning and installation system, greatly reducing the reliance on on-site construction precision and simplifying the installation process.

[0052] In one optional embodiment, the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4 is provided with a partition plate 41, which divides the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4 into multiple independent chambers, each of which is filled with magnetorheological fluid. A guide groove is provided on the side of the partition plate 41, and a slider 42 is slidably disposed within the guide groove, with one end of the slider 42 fixedly connected to the upper support plate 2. The cooperation between the slider 42 and the guide groove constrains the relative movement of the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3, thereby ensuring the smoothness of their movement. Sealing strips are provided at the top and bottom of the partition plate 41, respectively. The sealing strips are made of nitrile rubber and are used to seal the gap between the partition plate 41 and the inner wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4 to prevent leakage of the magnetorheological fluid. The thickness of the sealing strips matches the thickness of the partition plate 41.

[0053] For example, the magnetorheological fluid chamber 4 is internally equipped with three partition plates 41, which divide the interior of the chamber into four sequentially arranged and independent chambers. Each chamber is filled with an equal amount of magnetorheological fluid. The top and bottom of the partition plates 41 are fitted with nitrile rubber sealing strips to ensure the airtightness between the chambers and prevent cross-flow of the magnetorheological fluid. Guide grooves are provided on the sides of the partition plates 41, and sliders 42 are slidably embedded in these guide grooves.

[0054] The top of the slider 42 is rigidly connected to the bottom of the upper support plate 2 via threaded fasteners, while its bottom is in a free state. This allows the slider 42 and the upper support plate 2 to form a piston-like structure: on the one hand, it links the movement of the upper support plate 2 with the damping of the magnetorheological fluid flow; on the other hand, the tight fit between the slider 42 and the guide groove provides lateral restraint for the entire support, preventing the structure from twisting or shifting during movement. The partition plate 41 divides the cavity into multiple independent chambers, which can generate a greater damping force under the same magnetic field strength, thus multiplying the damping effect.

[0055] In this embodiment, the base 1 is fixed to the ground with expansion bolts to ensure the stability of the overall structure. The upper support plate 2 bears the load of the building structure and is connected to the lower support plate 3 through a helical spring 12, forming an elastic support system. The magnetorheological damping module adjusts the magnetic field strength by adjusting the coil 6, thereby adjusting the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid and realizing dynamic adjustment of the damping force. The self-resetting module automatically returns to the initial position of the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3 after the earthquake, reducing residual deformation, thanks to the characteristics of the shape memory alloy spring 7. The control module monitors the acceleration and displacement changes of the upper support plate 2 in real time through the sensor 9. The signal is processed by the controller 10 and used to adjust the current of the adjusting coil 6, thereby realizing active or semi-active control of the magnetorheological damping module. The wireless communication unit transmits the monitoring data to a remote monitoring terminal, allowing users to monitor the working status of the seismic isolation bearing in real time.

[0056] During the operation of the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing, sensor 9 monitors the acceleration and displacement changes of the upper support plate 2 in real time. The acceleration sensor is located at the center of the bottom of the upper support plate 2 to capture vibration acceleration, i.e., the intensity of the vibration. The greater the vibration acceleration, the greater the inertial force on the structure and the stronger the vibration. By monitoring the acceleration in real time, the control module can sense the vibration and identify its intensity. The displacement sensor is located at the edge to detect relative displacement, i.e., the magnitude of the vibration swing, reflecting the cumulative structural deformation and overall swing amplitude caused by the vibration. Excessive displacement can lead to damage to structural components or collisions with other parts. High-frequency vibration components are usually more significant in the acceleration signal, while the displacement signal better reflects the low-frequency, long-period components of the vibration, thus allowing for precise adjustment of the magnetorheological damper to achieve the optimal seismic isolation effect.

[0057] After sensor 9 acquires data, it transmits the signal to controller 10. The signal processing unit within controller 10 analyzes the data and identifies the intensity characteristics of the vibration. For different vibration intensity scenarios, these two sets of data work together to guide the operation of controller 10, enabling it to generate corresponding control commands.

[0058] When the accelerometer detects a strong vibration, the controller 10 increases the current in the regulating coil 6 to enhance the damping force and quickly dissipate the energy. When the displacement sensor detects excessive deformation between the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3, the controller 10 also adjusts the damping force to limit further accumulation of displacement and prevent structural damage due to excessive deformation.

[0059] Furthermore, when the vibration is weak, the control unit of the controller 10 outputs a smaller current to the regulating coil 6, reducing the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic field generator 5. This decreases the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid within the magnetorheological fluid cavity 4, thereby weakening the damping force and allowing for greater displacement of the support to flexibly dissipate energy. When the vibration intensifies, the control unit outputs a larger current to the regulating coil 6, increasing the magnetic field strength and significantly increasing the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid. Consequently, the damping force increases, effectively suppressing excessive displacement of the support and absorbing more energy. Through this process, the magnetorheological damping module achieves adaptive adjustment of the damping force based on feedback from the sensor 9, ensuring that the seismic isolation bearing meets seismic performance requirements under vibration conditions of varying intensities.

[0060] The adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing of this invention utilizes a magnetorheological damping module. This module adjusts the magnetic field strength by regulating the coil, thereby adjusting the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid and dynamically adjusting the damping force to meet the seismic isolation requirements under different vibration intensities. A self-resetting module, leveraging the characteristics of shape memory alloy springs, allows the seismic isolation bearing to automatically return to its initial state after an earthquake, reducing residual deformation. A control module monitors the working status of the seismic isolation bearing in real time using sensors and, based on the data acquired by the sensors, adjusts the performance of the magnetorheological damping module in real time through a controller, achieving active or semi-active damping adjustment. Compared to existing technologies, this invention achieves adaptive and active damping adjustment, while also possessing a self-resetting function. This improves the applicability and seismic performance of the seismic isolation bearing, simplifies the construction process, and reduces installation difficulty and construction costs.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the construction method for the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] This embodiment provides a construction method for an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing, used to implement the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing of Embodiment 1, including the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: Position and level the base, and fix the lower support plate onto the base;

[0065] Step 2: Install multiple helical springs on the top of the lower support plate, install the magnetorheological fluid cavity on the top of the lower support plate, and fix the magnetic field generator and adjustment coil.

[0066] Step 3: Connect one end of the shape memory alloy spring to the lower support plate, fix the limiting plate on the lower support plate, and then embed the middle part of the shape memory alloy spring into the arc groove of the limiting plate.

[0067] Step 4: After connecting and fixing the helical spring and magnetorheological fluid cavity to the upper support plate respectively, connect the other end of the shape memory alloy spring to the upper support plate.

[0068] Step 5: Fix the sensor to the bottom of the upper support plate, install the controller and power supply inside the base, connect the circuit between the sensor, controller, power supply and regulating coil, and check the circuit.

[0069] Step 6: Power on the controller to perform functional tests on the magnetorheological damping module and the self-reset module, and record the test data; when the test data meets the preset threshold, complete the installation and perform the final structural inspection.

[0070] Specifically, first, the base is placed in the predetermined position, and its level is adjusted to ensure that the top of the base is parallel to the ground. The lower support plate is then embedded into the mounting groove on the top of the base, and a positioning pin is passed through the positioning hole on the lower support plate. Next, helical springs are installed sequentially at predetermined positions around the lower support plate, ensuring even distribution. The magnetorheological fluid cavity, magnetic field generator, and adjusting coil are then fixed in the central area of ​​the lower support plate, ensuring that the axis of the magnetorheological fluid cavity coincides with the central axis of the lower support plate. This completes the installation and fixation of the lower structure and the magnetorheological damping module. Next, the self-resetting module is pre-installed. One end of the shape memory alloy spring is first connected to the lower support plate, and the middle of the shape memory alloy spring is embedded into the arc-shaped groove of the limiting plate. Then, the upper structure is integrated, and the upper support plate is installed, simultaneously connecting and fixing it to the top of the helical spring, the top of the magnetorheological fluid cavity, and the other end of the shape memory alloy spring. After the main structure installation is completed, the control system wiring and integration are carried out. Accelerometers and displacement sensors are fixed to the bottom of the upper support plate. The controller and power supply are installed inside the base, and all circuits are connected and insulation checks are performed. Finally, system debugging and testing are conducted. The controller is powered on and the magnetorheological damping module and self-reset module are functionally tested. The damping force adjustment response time and reset accuracy data are recorded and compared with preset threshold parameters. After ensuring the support performance meets the standards, the final structural inspection is completed.

[0071] It should be noted that the sensor data acquisition, current control, magnetorheological damping and shape memory alloy self-resetting principles used in this embodiment are all existing mature technologies. The relevant parameter settings can be implemented with reference to existing related technologies, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0072] The construction method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention can be used to prepare the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing provided in Embodiment 1, and therefore has similar beneficial effects to the device embodiment in Embodiment 1. For technical details not disclosed in the embodiments of the construction method of the present invention, please refer to the description of the device embodiment for understanding.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this invention, the specific implementation principle of this invention will be further explained below in conjunction with a specific application scenario.

[0075] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, during the actual installation and operation of the seismic isolation bearing, the base 1 is first placed in the predetermined position and adjusted to be level. Then, the lower support plate 3 is embedded into the mounting groove of the base 1, and the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole on the lower support plate 3 to achieve precise positioning. Next, multiple helical springs 12 are evenly fixed to the top of the lower support plate 3. These helical springs 12 not only serve as elastic connections, but also significantly improve durability and impact resistance through their anti-corrosion coating on the outer wall and the buffer sleeve in the middle.

[0076] After fixing the magnetorheological fluid chamber 4 to the top of the lower support plate 3, it is necessary to ensure that its axis is completely aligned with the axis of the lower support plate 3. The partition plate 41 inside the magnetorheological fluid chamber 4 divides the chamber into multiple independent chambers, each filled with magnetorheological fluid. When the adjusting coil 6 is energized, the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generator 5 acts on the magnetorheological fluid, causing changes in the arrangement of its internal particles, thereby altering the fluid's flow characteristics and ultimately achieving real-time adjustment of the damping force. Furthermore, the heat sink 11 effectively reduces the temperature of the magnetorheological fluid chamber 4 during operation, ensuring the stability and reliability of the system.

[0077] The shape memory alloy spring 7 is fixed at both ends to the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3 via threaded connectors, with its middle portion embedded in the arc-shaped groove of the limiting plate 8. The lubricating coating in the arc-shaped groove reduces frictional resistance, allowing the shape memory alloy spring 7 to freely expand and contract during an earthquake. After the earthquake, the shape memory alloy spring 7 automatically returns to the initial position of the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3, thereby reducing residual deformation.

[0078] Sensor 9 includes an accelerometer and a displacement sensor, fixed to the bottom center and edge of the upper support plate 2, respectively. The accelerometer monitors the acceleration of the upper support plate 2, while the displacement sensor detects the relative displacement between the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3. These signals are analyzed and processed by the signal processing unit in the controller 10 and then transmitted to the control unit. The control unit generates a control signal to control the current of the regulating coil 6, thereby changing the damping force of the magnetorheological damping module. Furthermore, the wireless communication unit transmits the monitoring data to a remote monitoring terminal via an antenna and a signal amplifier, allowing users to monitor the working status of the seismic isolation bearing in real time.

[0079] When a building structure is subjected to vibration, the overall operating mechanism of the seismic isolation bearing is as follows: When seismic waves are transmitted to the building structure, the upper support plate 2 bears the building load, and the helical spring 12 is connected to the lower support plate 3 to form an elastic support system that absorbs part of the energy. Simultaneously, the magnetorheological damping module dynamically adjusts the damping force through the adjusting coil 6 to adapt to the seismic isolation requirements under different vibration conditions. The sensor 9 monitors the acceleration and displacement changes of the upper support plate 2 in real time and transmits the data to the controller 10. The controller 10 calculates the optimal damping force value based on the received data and achieves active or semi-active damping control by adjusting the current of the adjusting coil 6. After the earthquake, the shape memory alloy spring 7 in the self-resetting module resets the upper support plate 2 and the lower support plate 3 to ensure the stability of the building structure.

[0080] This invention achieves efficient damping adjustment capability and multi-condition adaptability of seismic isolation bearings under complex working conditions through the coordinated operation of magnetorheological damping module, self-resetting module and control module, which significantly improves the seismic performance of building structures.

[0081] Specifically, the outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity is equipped with heat sinks, and gaps are provided between the heat sinks and the upper and lower support plates, forming top and bottom heat dissipation channels. These channels improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the magnetorheological fluid during operation, effectively preventing performance degradation and damping force inaccuracy caused by excessive temperature rise, thus ensuring the long-term stability and reliability of the damping module. An accelerometer is fixed at the center of the upper support plate, and a displacement sensor is fixed at its edge. These two sensors work together to achieve comprehensive and accurate vibration identification, providing a reliable data foundation for real-time, adaptive adjustment of the damping force. The magnetic field generator and the regulating coil together form a composite magnetic circuit. The magnetic field generator provides a stable, energy-free base magnetic field, allowing the support to maintain its base damping force under normal or abnormal power outage conditions, providing fail-safe protection. Simultaneously, the regulating coil adjusts this base magnetic field, achieving fine-tuning of the total magnetic field strength and damping force. This not only broadens the range of damping force adjustment but also reduces reliance on the continuous high-performance output of the regulating coil, helping to optimize the overall system energy consumption.

[0082] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device comprising said element. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0083] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing, characterized in that, include: Base, support components, magnetorheological damping module, self-resetting module, and control module; The support assembly includes an upper support plate and a lower support plate, which are connected by an elastic connector. The elastic connector is a plurality of helical springs, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper and lower support plates. The lower support plate is disposed on the base. The magnetorheological damping module is disposed between the upper support plate and the lower support plate. The magnetorheological damping module includes a magnetorheological fluid cavity, a magnetic field generator, and an adjustment coil. The magnetorheological fluid cavity is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The adjustment coil is electrically connected to the magnetic field generator, which is a permanent magnet. The magnetic field generator is fixed to the outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity, and the adjustment coil is arranged around the outside of the magnetic field generator. The outer wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity is provided with heat sinks, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the magnetorheological fluid cavity. There is a gap between the top of the heat sink and the upper support plate to form a top heat dissipation channel, and there is a gap between the bottom of the heat sink and the lower support plate to form a bottom heat dissipation channel. The outer wall of the magnetic field generator is provided with a thermally conductive coating, which contacts the heat sink through the thermally conductive coating. The outer wall of the adjustment coil is provided with an insulating layer. The self-resetting module includes a shape memory alloy spring and a limiting plate. One end of the shape memory alloy spring is fixedly connected to the upper support plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower support plate. The limiting plate is fixed to the top of the lower support plate, and an arc-shaped groove is provided on the inner side of the limiting plate. The middle part of the shape memory alloy spring is embedded in the arc-shaped groove. The shape memory alloy spring and multiple helical springs are circumferentially alternating and evenly distributed to form a ring-shaped elastic structure. The control module includes a sensor, a controller, and a power supply. The sensor is fixed to the bottom of the upper support plate. The signal output terminal of the sensor is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the controller. The control output terminal of the controller is electrically connected to the adjustment coil. The power supply is electrically connected to the controller. The sensors include an acceleration sensor and a displacement sensor. The acceleration sensor is fixed at the bottom center of the upper support plate, and the displacement sensor is fixed at the bottom edge of the upper support plate. The controller includes a signal processing unit and a control unit. The input terminal of the signal processing unit is electrically connected to the signal output terminals of the acceleration sensor and the displacement sensor. The output terminal of the signal processing unit is electrically connected to the input terminal of the control unit. The output terminal of the control unit is electrically connected to the adjustment coil. The power supply includes a battery and a voltage regulator. The battery is electrically connected to the voltage regulator, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator is electrically connected to the controller. The base has a mounting groove at its top, and the lower support plate is embedded in the mounting groove. The inner wall of the mounting groove is provided with a positioning pin, and the lower support plate has a positioning hole at a corresponding position. The positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole, passes through and connects to the base. The bottom of the base is provided with an anti-slip pad, and the anti-slip pad is made of rubber. Fixing holes are provided around the base, and expansion bolts are installed in the fixing holes. The magnetorheological fluid cavity is internally equipped with a partition plate, which divides the magnetorheological fluid cavity into multiple independent chambers, each of which is filled with magnetorheological fluid. The side of the partition plate is provided with a guide groove, and a slider is slidably disposed in the guide groove, with one end of the slider being fixedly connected to the upper support plate. The top and bottom of the partition plate are respectively provided with sealing strips made of nitrile rubber, which are used to seal the gap between the partition plate and the inner wall of the magnetorheological fluid cavity. The control module further includes a wireless communication unit. The input terminal of the wireless communication unit is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the controller, and the output terminal of the wireless communication unit is electrically connected to a remote monitoring terminal. The wireless communication unit includes an antenna and a signal amplifier. The antenna is fixed to the top of the base, and the signal amplifier is fixed inside the base. The antenna and the signal amplifier are electrically connected.

2. The adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape memory alloy spring is connected to the upper support plate and the lower support plate at both ends respectively; the arc groove of the limiting plate is provided with a lubricating coating, and the material of the lubricating coating is polytetrafluoroethylene; the limiting plate is provided with reinforcing ribs on both sides, one end of the reinforcing rib is fixedly connected to the limiting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower support plate, and the cross section of the reinforcing rib is trapezoidal.

3. The adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the helical spring is provided with an anti-corrosion coating, the material of which is epoxy resin; a buffer sleeve is provided in the middle of the helical spring, the material of which is silicone, and the inner diameter of the buffer sleeve matches the outer diameter of the helical spring.

4. The adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The remote monitoring terminal includes a display screen and a data storage unit. The display screen is electrically connected to the data storage unit, and the input terminal of the data storage unit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the wireless communication unit.

5. A construction method for an adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing, characterized in that, To implement the adjustable damping seismic isolation bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the steps are as follows: Step 1: Position and level the base, embed the lower support plate into the mounting groove of the base, and fix it by cooperating with the positioning pin and positioning hole; Step 2: Install multiple helical springs at preset positions along the circumference of the top of the lower support plate, install the magnetorheological fluid cavity in the central area of ​​the top of the lower support plate, and fix the magnetic field generator and adjustment coil. Step 3: Connect one end of the shape memory alloy spring to the lower support plate. After the limiting plate is fixed on the lower support plate, embed the middle part of the shape memory alloy spring into the arc groove of the limiting plate. Step 4: After connecting and fixing the helical spring and the magnetorheological fluid cavity to the upper support plate respectively, connect the other end of the shape memory alloy spring to the upper support plate; Step 5: Fix the accelerometer and displacement sensor to the bottom of the upper support plate respectively. After installing the controller and power supply in the internal cavity of the base, connect the circuits between the accelerometer, displacement sensor, controller, power supply and adjustment coil respectively, and perform circuit insulation check. Step 6: Power on the controller to perform functional tests on the magnetorheological damping module and the self-reset module, and record the test data; when the test data meets the preset threshold, complete the installation and perform the final structural inspection.

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