Composite substrate for promoting growth of edible mushrooms

Abstract

The application discloses a composite base material for promoting growth of edible fungi and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. Components specifically comprise: main material composed of 35-45 parts of mixed wood chips and 20-30 parts of corn cob, nitrogen source auxiliary material composed of 2-7 parts of bran and 1-3 parts of corn flour, mineral additive composed of 1-3 parts of gypsum and 0.3-0.8 parts of calcium carbonate, bacteriostatic functional auxiliary material and 1-3 parts of loaded zeolite functional package; wherein the bacteriostatic functional auxiliary material is prepared by fermenting and pretreating 3-8 parts of tea chaff, 8-12 parts of coffee residue, 3-8 parts of water caltrop shell powder, 2-7 parts of bran and 1-3 parts of corn flour by microbial agents, and the loaded zeolite functional package is made of zeolite loaded with methyl jasmonate, algal polysaccharide and magnesium sulfate; the application overcomes technical bottlenecks such as difficult control of mixed bacteria pollution, limited use of chemical pesticides, unbalanced nutrient supply and difficult use of natural bacteriostatic materials through material innovation and process innovation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, and in particular to a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi. Background Technology

[0002] The cultivation substrate for edible fungi is the material basis of the edible fungi industry. Its composition ratio and physicochemical properties directly determine the mycelial growth, resistance to contaminating microorganisms, and the final yield and quality. Traditional cultivation substrates are mostly based on agricultural and forestry waste, with hardwood sawdust, corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, and other agricultural and forestry by-products as the main materials, supplemented by wheat bran, corn flour, etc. to provide nitrogen sources.

[0003] Currently, the formulation and application technology of traditional edible fungi cultivation substrates based on agricultural and forestry waste are relatively mature, but the following problems generally exist:

[0004] First, the risk of contamination by other microorganisms during the production process is extremely high. Although the cultivation substrate undergoes high-temperature sterilization before inoculation, it is highly susceptible to secondary contamination by competing microorganisms such as Trichoderma, Aspergillus, and Neurospora during subsequent stages such as cooling, inoculation, and mycelial growth. For edible mushroom cultivation, once contamination occurs, remediation is extremely difficult. This is because edible mushrooms are fungi, and using chemical fungicides for disinfection leads to indiscriminate inhibition; that is, while killing other microorganisms, it severely inhibits or even kills the mycelium of edible mushrooms, not only affecting their growth but also causing significant economic losses.

[0005] Secondly, the nutrient supply pattern of the substrate is mismatched with the mycelial growth requirements. Although existing formulas emphasize the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio balance, during the mycelial growth process, readily available nitrogen sources are rapidly consumed, while slow-release carbon sources decompose slowly, leading to an imbalance in the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the middle and later stages. Mycelial vigor declines due to nitrogen starvation, making it difficult to effectively improve bioconversion efficiency. In addition, the substrate lacks functional components that can systematically promote robust mycelial growth and stress resistance, further limiting yield increases.

[0006] To address these issues, existing technologies often attempt to supplement nutrition by adding inorganic fertilizers or commercial nutrients, but these methods suffer from low absorption efficiency and susceptibility to microbial burn. Meanwhile, some studies have used natural antibacterial plant materials such as tea seed cake and water chestnut shells, but the anti-nutritional factors they contain, such as tea saponins, can actually inhibit mycelial growth if left untreated, resulting in poor practical application effects.

[0007] Therefore, the industry urgently needs an innovative composite substrate solution that can significantly promote the growth of edible fungi and effectively inhibit bacterial growth. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi, thereby addressing the technical bottlenecks in existing cultivation techniques, such as difficulty in controlling contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, limitations in chemical control methods, and a mismatch between the nutrient supply of the substrate and the mycelial growth requirements. This invention starts with material design and preparation processes. On the one hand, it reduces the risk of contamination by constructing an intrinsic antibacterial system, thereby reducing dependence on chemical pesticides. On the other hand, it optimizes the slow-release and synergistic supply mechanism of nutrients to ensure a continuous and stable supply of nutrients during the mid-to-late stages of mycelial growth, maximizing the mycelial growth potential and ultimately achieving a significant improvement in the yield and quality of edible fungi.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0010] A composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi is characterized by the following components: a main material consisting of 35-45 parts hardwood sawdust and 20-30 parts corn cob; a nitrogen source auxiliary material consisting of 2-7 parts wheat bran and 1-3 parts corn flour; a mineral additive consisting of 1-3 parts gypsum and 0.3-0.8 parts calcium carbonate; an antibacterial functional auxiliary material; and 1-3 parts loaded zeolite functional package. The antibacterial functional auxiliary material is prepared by pre-treatment with microbial inoculants through fermentation of 3-8 parts tea seed cake, 8-12 parts coffee grounds, 3-8 parts water chestnut shell powder, 2-7 parts wheat bran, and 1-3 parts corn flour. The loaded zeolite functional package is made by loading methyl jasmonic acid, seaweed polysaccharide, and magnesium sulfate onto zeolite.

[0011] Preferably, the average particle size of the sawdust and corn cob is 5 mm to 10 mm.

[0012] Specifically, the preparation method of the above-mentioned supported zeolite functional package includes:

[0013] S11. Zeolite pretreatment: Rinse 100 parts of zeolite with clean water, drain, and dry for later use.

[0014] S12. Preparation of loading solution: Add 1 to 2 parts magnesium sulfate and 3 to 4 parts seaweed polysaccharide to warm water at 40℃~45℃, stir to dissolve and obtain an aqueous solution; dissolve 0.1 to 0.2 parts methyl jasmonate in ethanol, add it to the above aqueous solution at a speed of 300r / min~500r / min, and then add water to make up to a total mass of 50 to 60 parts to obtain the loading solution;

[0015] S13. Immersion adsorption: At a speed of 200r / min to 400r / min, the above-mentioned loading liquid is poured into the pretreated zeolite, mixed, sealed, and allowed to stand at 25℃ to 30℃ for 20h to 28h to obtain the adsorbed zeolite.

[0016] S14. Drying and storage: Filter out the adsorbed zeolite and dry it at 55℃~65℃ in the dark.

[0017] Preferably, the ratio of methyl jasmonate to ethanol is: 0.8L to 1.2L of ethanol is used for 1kg of methyl jasmonate, and the volume fraction of the ethanol is 95%.

[0018] Furthermore, during the static adsorption period, it is necessary to stir at a speed of 100r / min to 200r / min for 5 to 10 minutes every 6 hours.

[0019] Preferably, the zeolite mentioned above is natural clinoptilolite or mordenite with a mesh size of 80 to 120.

[0020] Specifically, the preparation method of the above-mentioned antibacterial functional excipients includes the following steps:

[0021] S21. Microbial agent activation: Dissolve 0.5 to 1 part brown sugar and 0.3 to 0.5 parts microbial agent in 10 parts of warm water at 30℃ to 35℃, let stand for 1 to 2 hours to activate, and obtain activated bacterial solution;

[0022] S22. Mixing: Mix 3 to 8 parts tea seed cake, 8 to 12 parts coffee grounds, 3 to 8 parts water chestnut shell powder, 2 to 7 parts wheat bran and 1 to 3 parts corn flour to obtain a mixture;

[0023] S23. Inoculation and fermentation: Spray the activated bacterial solution onto the mixture, add water to adjust the moisture content to 55% to 60%, pile it up, cover the surface with a breathable covering, and ferment at 25℃ to 32℃ for 7 to 10 days.

[0024] Ideally, the microbial agent mentioned above is a compound agent containing yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus.

[0025] Specifically, the preparation method of the above-mentioned composite base material includes: mixing the main material, antibacterial functional excipient, nitrogen source excipient, mineral additive and supported zeolite functional package, stirring at a speed of 20 r / min to 30 r / min for 15 min to 20 min to obtain a mixed dry material; adding water to the above-mentioned mixed dry material to a moisture content of 60% to 65%, bagging, sterilizing to obtain the above-mentioned composite base material.

[0026] More specifically, the above sterilization is atmospheric pressure steam sterilization, and the specific sterilization conditions are: maintaining at 100℃ steam for 12h to 16h.

[0027] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0028] The composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi provided by this invention overcomes the technical bottlenecks in existing technologies, such as the difficulty in controlling contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, the limitation of the use of chemical pesticides, the imbalance of nutrient supply, and the difficulty in utilizing natural antibacterial materials, through a combination of material innovation and process innovation. This forms a new green, efficient, and stable path for the cultivation of edible fungi.

[0029] This invention constructs a highly efficient endogenous dual antibacterial system, significantly reducing the risk of contamination. Unlike traditional substrates that passively rely on external sterilization and chemical pesticides, this invention actively constructs an antibacterial environment from within the substrate itself. On one hand, through bio-pretreatment with compound microbial agents, anti-nutritional factors such as tea saponins and phenolic acids in tea meal and coffee grounds are pre-fermented and degraded, transforming them into beneficial substances. Simultaneously, a micro-ecological environment dominated by beneficial bacteria is constructed, effectively seizing ecological niches and inhibiting the germination of contaminating spores. On the other hand, through zeolite-loaded methyl jasmonate technology, the plant immune resistance inducer is stabilized and slow-released, continuously stimulating the mycelium's own systemic resistance. Experimental results of this invention show that this dual system significantly reduces the contamination rate, fundamentally minimizing economic losses caused by contamination.

[0030] This invention achieves slow-release and synergistic supply of nutrients, significantly improving mycelial vitality and mycelial growth efficiency. Utilizing the adsorption and ion exchange properties of porous zeolite, this invention loads nutrients such as seaweed polysaccharides and magnesium sulfate, allowing them to be slowly released during mycelial growth, effectively avoiding the problem of early depletion and later weakness of readily available nutrients. Simultaneously, the pre-treated and optimized substrate environment is more conducive to the balanced absorption of nutrients by the mycelium. Ultimately, the average daily mycelial growth rate can reach up to 5.8 mm / day, the time to full bag formation is shortened by approximately 8 days compared to ordinary substrates, and the mycelium is thick, white, robust, and has high biomass, laying a solid foundation for high yields.

[0031] This invention significantly improves the bioconversion rate, achieving a balance between increased yield and improved quality. The substrate of this invention, through its dual effects of antibacterial action and growth promotion, ultimately results in a significant increase in fruiting efficiency. The bioconversion rate of the first flush of mushrooms reached 63.0%, nearly 30% higher than that of ordinary commercial substrates. This is not only due to the increased fruiting rate but also to the increased yield per unit area, namely, robust mycelium and sufficient nutrition. This invention successfully transforms agricultural byproducts such as tea seed cake and coffee grounds into high-value cultivation substrates, turning waste into treasure, resulting in significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0032] The overall process of this invention is environmentally friendly and cost-controllable, possessing the potential for industrial-scale production. The composite base material of this invention requires no chemical pesticides throughout the entire production process, relying instead on physical methods and microbial fermentation, resulting in a green and safe final product. The raw materials used, such as zeolite, sugar residue, and agricultural byproducts, are all common, readily available, and inexpensive. This invention requires no special or expensive equipment, making it highly suitable for large-scale, standardized, and industrial-scale production applications.

[0033] In summary, this invention has successfully developed a composite base material that integrates antibacterial, growth-promoting, and yield-increasing properties, comprehensively solving many pain points in existing technologies, demonstrating significant beneficial effects and outstanding technological progress, and possessing broad application prospects and market value. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0036] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0037] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0038] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0039] The compound microbial agent used in this invention contains yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus, and is sourced from the 99 compound general feed fermentation microbial agent produced by Guangxi Zhunong Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] This embodiment provides a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi. By mass fraction, its components specifically include: a main material consisting of 40 parts hardwood sawdust and 25 parts corn cob; a nitrogen source auxiliary material consisting of 5 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour; a mineral additive consisting of 2 parts gypsum and 0.5 parts calcium carbonate; all antibacterial functional auxiliary materials prepared in this embodiment; and 2 parts of a loaded zeolite functional package. The average particle size of the hardwood sawdust in the main material is 7.6 mm, and the average particle size of the corn cob is 6.9 mm.

[0042] The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0043] S1. Preparation of supported zeolite functional package:

[0044] S11, Zeolite Pretreatment:

[0045] Rinse 100 portions of zeolite with clean water to remove surface dust, drain the water, and dry in an oven at 65°C for later use; the zeolite used is 100-mesh natural clinoptilolite.

[0046] S12. Preparation of the loading solution:

[0047] Add 42°C warm water to a container, add 1.5 parts magnesium sulfate and 3.5 parts seaweed polysaccharide, and stir until dissolved to obtain an aqueous solution;

[0048] 0.15 parts of methyl jasmonate were pre-dissolved in 95% ethanol to obtain a MeJA ethanol solution; wherein, the ratio of methyl jasmonate to ethanol was 1.0 L of ethanol for every 1 kg of methyl jasmonate.

[0049] At a rotation speed of 400 r / min, the obtained MeJA ethanol solution was slowly added to the above aqueous solution to disperse it evenly. Water was then added to bring the total volume to 55 parts to obtain the loaded solution.

[0050] S13, Immersion Adsorption:

[0051] At a speed of 300 r / min, the loading liquid was slowly poured into the pretreated zeolite to evenly impregnate the zeolite powder; it was then sealed and placed at 28℃ for adsorption for 24 h. During the standing period, the mixture was stirred once every 6 h for 7.5 min each time at a speed of 150 r / min.

[0052] S14. Drying and Storage:

[0053] The adsorbed zeolite was filtered out, spread out and dried in the dark at 60°C by forced air drying to obtain the supported zeolite functional package.

[0054] S2. Preparation of antibacterial functional excipients:

[0055] S21, Microbial agent activation:

[0056] Dissolve 0.8 parts brown sugar and 0.4 parts compound bacterial agent in 10 parts of warm water at 32℃, and let stand for 1.5 hours to activate.

[0057] S22, Mixed:

[0058] Mix 5 parts tea seed cake, 10 parts coffee grounds, 5 parts water chestnut shell powder, 4 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0059] S23, Inoculation and Fermentation:

[0060] Spray the activated bacterial solution into the mixture, add water to adjust the final moisture content to 58%, and knead it into a ball by hand, with water seeping out between the fingers;

[0061] The materials are piled into a high heap, 1.2m high, and covered with breathable burlap sacks. Fermentation is carried out at 28℃.

[0062] When the temperature rises above 57.5℃ after 8 days of fermentation and then begins to drop, and the material produces a strong aroma of alcohol, the pretreatment is complete, and the antibacterial auxiliary material is obtained.

[0063] S3, Mixing the main ingredients:

[0064] Add 40 parts of hardwood sawdust and 25 parts of corn cob to a mixer, add all the antibacterial functional excipients prepared in step S2, and add 4 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of gypsum, 0.5 parts of calcium carbonate, and 2 parts of the loaded zeolite functional pack prepared in step S1.

[0065] Turn on the mixer and stir at 25 rpm for 18 minutes until all materials are mixed evenly and have a uniform color, thus obtaining a mixed dry material.

[0066] S4 Water Conditioning and Sterilization:

[0067] Add water to the mixed dry material until the total moisture content is 63%, pack it into bags, and sterilize it under normal pressure for 14 hours at 100℃ steam to obtain the composite base material, which is recorded as sample 1.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] This embodiment provides a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi. By mass fraction, its components specifically include: a main material consisting of 35 parts hardwood sawdust and 30 parts corn cob; a nitrogen source auxiliary material consisting of 7 parts wheat bran and 1 part corn flour; a mineral additive consisting of 3 parts gypsum and 0.3 parts calcium carbonate; all antibacterial functional auxiliary materials prepared in this embodiment; and 3 parts of loaded zeolite functional package. The average particle size of the hardwood sawdust in the main material is 5.1 mm, and the average particle size of the corn cob is 5.0 mm.

[0070] The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0071] S1. Preparation of supported zeolite functional package:

[0072] S11, Zeolite Pretreatment:

[0073] Rinse 100 portions of zeolite with clean water to remove surface dust, drain the water, and dry in an oven at 60°C for later use; the zeolite used is 80-mesh mordenite.

[0074] S12. Preparation of the loading solution:

[0075] Add 40°C warm water to a container, add 2 parts magnesium sulfate and 3 parts seaweed polysaccharide, and stir until dissolved to obtain an aqueous solution;

[0076] 0.2 parts of methyl jasmonate were pre-dissolved in 95% ethanol to obtain a MeJA ethanol solution; wherein, the ratio of methyl jasmonate to ethanol was 1.2 L of ethanol for every 1 kg of methyl jasmonate.

[0077] At a rotation speed of 300 r / min, the obtained MeJA ethanol solution was slowly added to the above aqueous solution to disperse it evenly. Water was then added to bring the total volume to 60 parts to obtain the loaded solution.

[0078] S13, Immersion Adsorption:

[0079] At a speed of 200 r / min, the loading liquid was slowly poured into the pretreated zeolite to evenly impregnate the zeolite powder; it was then sealed and placed at 30℃ for adsorption for 20 h. During the standing period, the mixture was stirred once every 6 h for 5 min each time at a speed of 200 r / min.

[0080] S14. Drying and Storage:

[0081] The adsorbed zeolite was filtered out, spread out and dried in the dark at 60°C by forced air drying to obtain the supported zeolite functional package.

[0082] S2. Preparation of antibacterial functional excipients:

[0083] S21, Microbial agent activation:

[0084] Dissolve 1 part brown sugar and 0.3 parts compound bacterial agent in 10 parts of warm water at 35℃, and let stand for 1 hour to activate.

[0085] S22, Mixed:

[0086] Mix 8 parts tea seed cake, 8 parts coffee grounds, 3 parts water chestnut shell powder, 7 parts wheat bran and 1 part corn flour evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0087] S23, Inoculation and Fermentation:

[0088] Spray the activated bacterial solution into the mixture, add water to adjust the final moisture content to 60%, and knead it into a ball by hand, with water seeping out between the fingers;

[0089] The materials are piled into a high heap, 1.5m high, and covered with breathable burlap sacks. Fermentation is carried out at 32℃.

[0090] When the temperature rises above 56.8℃ after 7 days of fermentation and then begins to drop, and the material produces a strong aroma of alcohol, the pretreatment is complete, and the antibacterial auxiliary material is obtained.

[0091] S3, Mixing the main ingredients:

[0092] Add 35 parts of hardwood sawdust and 30 parts of corn cob to a mixer, add all the antibacterial functional excipients prepared in step S2, and add 7 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of corn flour, 3 parts of gypsum, 0.3 parts of calcium carbonate, and 3 parts of the supported zeolite functional pack prepared in step S1.

[0093] Turn on the mixer and stir at 20 rpm for 20 minutes until all materials are mixed evenly and have a uniform color, thus obtaining a mixed dry material.

[0094] S4 Water Conditioning and Sterilization:

[0095] Add water to the mixed dry material until the total moisture content is 65%, pack it into bags, and sterilize it under normal pressure for 16 hours at 100℃ steam to obtain the composite base material, which is recorded as sample 2.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] This embodiment provides a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi. By mass fraction, its components specifically include: a main material consisting of 45 parts hardwood sawdust and 20 parts corn cob; a nitrogen source auxiliary material consisting of 2 parts wheat bran and 3 parts corn flour; a mineral additive consisting of 1 part gypsum and 0.8 parts calcium carbonate; all antibacterial functional auxiliary materials prepared in this embodiment; and 1 part loaded zeolite functional package. The average particle size of the hardwood sawdust in the main material is 10.0 mm, and the average particle size of the corn cob is 9.9 mm.

[0098] The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0099] S1. Preparation of supported zeolite functional package:

[0100] S11, Zeolite Pretreatment:

[0101] Rinse 100 portions of zeolite with clean water to remove surface dust, drain the water, and dry in an oven at 55°C for later use; the zeolite used is 120-mesh natural clinoptilolite.

[0102] S12. Preparation of the loading solution:

[0103] Add 45°C warm water to a container, add 1 part magnesium sulfate and 4 parts seaweed polysaccharide, and stir until dissolved to obtain an aqueous solution;

[0104] 0.1 parts of methyl jasmonate were pre-dissolved in 95% ethanol to obtain a MeJA ethanol solution; wherein, the ratio of methyl jasmonate to ethanol was 0.8 L of ethanol for every 1 kg of methyl jasmonate.

[0105] At a rotation speed of 500 r / min, the obtained MeJA ethanol solution was slowly added to the above aqueous solution to disperse it evenly. Water was then added to bring the total volume to 50 parts to obtain the loaded solution.

[0106] S13, Immersion Adsorption:

[0107] At a speed of 400 r / min, the loading liquid was slowly poured into the pretreated zeolite to evenly impregnate the zeolite powder; it was then sealed and placed at 25℃ for adsorption for 28 h. During the standing period, the mixture was stirred once every 6 h for 10 min each time at a speed of 100 r / min.

[0108] S14. Drying and Storage:

[0109] The adsorbed zeolite was filtered out, spread out and dried in the dark at 55°C by forced air drying to obtain the supported zeolite functional package.

[0110] S2. Preparation of antibacterial functional excipients:

[0111] S21, Microbial agent activation:

[0112] Dissolve 0.5 parts brown sugar and 0.5 parts compound bacterial agent in 10 parts of warm water at 30℃, and let stand for 2 hours to activate.

[0113] S22, Mixed:

[0114] Mix 3 parts tea seed cake, 12 parts coffee grounds, 8 parts water chestnut shell powder, 2 parts wheat bran and 3 parts corn flour evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0115] S23, Inoculation and Fermentation:

[0116] Spray the activated bacterial solution into the mixture, add water to adjust the final moisture content to 55%, and knead it into a ball by hand, with water seeping out between the fingers;

[0117] The material is piled into a high heap, 1.0m high, and covered with straw mats. It is then fermented at 25℃.

[0118] When the temperature rises above 57.2℃ after 10 days of fermentation and then begins to drop, and the material produces a strong aroma of alcohol, the pretreatment is complete, and the antibacterial auxiliary material is obtained.

[0119] S3, Mixing the main ingredients:

[0120] Add 45 parts of hardwood sawdust and 20 parts of corn cob to a mixer, add all the antibacterial functional excipients prepared in step S2, and add 2 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of corn flour, 1 part of gypsum, 0.8 parts of calcium carbonate, and 1 part of the supported zeolite functional pack prepared in step S1.

[0121] Turn on the mixer and stir at 30 rpm for 15 minutes until all materials are mixed evenly and have a uniform color, thus obtaining a mixed dry material.

[0122] S4 Water Conditioning and Sterilization:

[0123] Add water to the mixed dry material until the total moisture content is 60%, pack it into bags, and sterilize it under normal pressure for 12 hours at 100℃ steam to obtain the composite base material, which is recorded as sample 3.

[0124] Comparative Example 1

[0125] This comparative example provides a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi. The main difference from Example 1 is that it does not include 2 parts of the supported zeolite functional package. By mass fraction, the specific components of the composite substrate in this comparative example include:

[0126] The main ingredient consists of 40 parts hardwood sawdust and 25 parts corn cob; the nitrogen source auxiliary ingredient consists of 5 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour; the mineral additive consists of 2 parts gypsum and 0.5 parts calcium carbonate; and all antibacterial functional auxiliary ingredients prepared according to Example 1. The average particle size of the hardwood sawdust in the main ingredient is 7.6 mm, and the average particle size of the corn cob is 6.9 mm.

[0127] The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0128] S1. Preparation of antibacterial functional excipients: Same as step S2 in Example 1.

[0129] S2, Mixing the main ingredients:

[0130] Add 40 parts of hardwood sawdust and 25 parts of corn cob to a mixer, add all the antibacterial functional excipients prepared in step S1, add 4 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of gypsum and 0.5 parts of calcium carbonate; the subsequent process is the same as in Example 1, and a composite base material is prepared, which is designated as control 1.

[0131] Comparative Example 2

[0132] This comparative example provides a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi. The main difference from Example 1 is that this comparative example does not utilize methyl jasmonate to prepare a supported zeolite functional package, but instead directly adds methyl jasmonate. By mass fraction, the specific components of the composite substrate in this comparative example include:

[0133] The main ingredient consists of 40 parts hardwood sawdust and 25 parts corn cob; the nitrogen source auxiliary ingredient consists of 5 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour; the mineral additive consists of 2 parts gypsum and 0.5 parts calcium carbonate; all antibacterial functional auxiliary ingredients prepared according to Example 1; and 0.5 parts methyl jasmonate. The average particle size of the hardwood sawdust in the main ingredient is 7.6 mm, and the average particle size of the corn cob is 6.9 mm.

[0134] The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0135] S1. Preparation of antibacterial functional excipients: Same as step S2 in Example 1.

[0136] S2, Mixing the main ingredients:

[0137] Add 40 parts of hardwood sawdust and 25 parts of corn cob to a mixer, add all the antibacterial functional excipients prepared in step S1, add 4 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of gypsum, 0.5 parts of calcium carbonate and 0.5 parts of methyl jasmonate; the subsequent process is the same as in Example 1, and a composite base material is prepared, which is designated as control 2.

[0138] Comparative Example 3

[0139] This comparative example provides a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi. The main difference from Example 1 is that the antibacterial excipients used are not pretreated. By mass fraction, the components of the composite substrate in this comparative example specifically include:

[0140] The main ingredient consists of 40 parts hardwood sawdust and 25 parts corn cob; the nitrogen source auxiliary ingredient consists of 5 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour; the mineral additive consists of 2 parts gypsum and 0.5 parts calcium carbonate; the antibacterial functional auxiliary ingredient is obtained by mixing 5 parts tea seed cake, 10 parts coffee grounds, 5 parts water chestnut shell powder, 4 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour; and 2 parts of the loaded zeolite functional package prepared according to Example 1. The average particle size of the hardwood sawdust in the main ingredient is 7.6 mm, and the average particle size of the corn cob is 6.9 mm.

[0141] The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0142] S1. Preparation of the supported zeolite functional package: Same as step S1 in Example 1.

[0143] S2. Preparation of antibacterial functional excipients: Mix 5 parts tea seed cake, 10 parts coffee grounds, 5 parts water chestnut shell powder, 4 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0144] S3, Mixing the main ingredients:

[0145] Add 40 parts of hardwood sawdust and 25 parts of corn cob to a mixer, add all the antibacterial functional excipients prepared in step S2, add 4 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of gypsum, 0.5 parts of calcium carbonate, and 2 parts of the supported zeolite functional package prepared in step S1; the subsequent process is the same as in Example 1, and a composite base material is prepared, which is designated as control 3.

[0146] Comparative Example 4

[0147] This comparative example provides a composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi. The main difference from Example 1 is that the antibacterial excipient used is not pretreated with the composite microbial agent selected in this invention, but rather a single yeast strain is selected for pretreatment. Specifically, the components of the composite substrate in this comparative example, by mass fraction, include:

[0148] The main ingredient consists of 40 parts hardwood sawdust and 25 parts corn cob; the nitrogen source auxiliary ingredient consists of 5 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour; the mineral additive consists of 2 parts gypsum and 0.5 parts calcium carbonate; all antibacterial functional auxiliary ingredients prepared in this comparative example; and 2 parts of the supported zeolite functional package prepared according to Example 1; wherein the average particle size of the hardwood sawdust in the main ingredient is 7.6 mm, and the average particle size of the corn cob is 6.9 mm.

[0149] The specific preparation process is as follows:

[0150] S1. Preparation of the supported zeolite functional package: Same as step S1 in Example 1.

[0151] S2. Preparation of antibacterial functional excipients:

[0152] S21, Microbial agent activation:

[0153] Dissolve 0.8 parts brown sugar and 0.4 parts Angel yeast in 10 parts of warm water at 32℃, and let stand for 1.5 hours to activate.

[0154] S22, Mixed:

[0155] Mix 5 parts tea seed cake, 10 parts coffee grounds, 5 parts water chestnut shell powder, 4 parts wheat bran and 2 parts corn flour evenly to obtain a mixture.

[0156] S23, Inoculation and Fermentation:

[0157] Spray the activated yeast solution into the mixture, add water to adjust the final moisture content to 58%, and knead it into a ball by hand, with water seeping out between your fingers;

[0158] The materials are piled into a high heap, 1.2m high, and covered with breathable burlap sacks. Fermentation is carried out at a controlled temperature of 28℃.

[0159] When the temperature rises above 56.3℃ after 9 days of fermentation and then begins to drop, and the material produces a strong aroma of alcohol, the pretreatment is complete, and the antibacterial auxiliary material is obtained.

[0160] S3, Mixing the main ingredients:

[0161] Add 40 parts of hardwood sawdust and 25 parts of corn cob to a mixer, add all the antibacterial functional excipients prepared in step S2, add 4 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of gypsum, 0.5 parts of calcium carbonate, and 2 parts of the supported zeolite functional package prepared in step S1; the subsequent process is the same as in Example 1, and a composite base material is prepared, which is designated as control 4.

[0162] Analysis and Testing

[0163] Cultivation experiments were conducted using composite substrate samples 1-3 and control samples 1-4, with commercially available common cultivation substrate (referred to as the commercial control, general-purpose organic cultivation substrate from Jiangsu Peilei Matrix Technology Development Co., Ltd.) serving as the commercial control group.

[0164] I. Statistics on the rate of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria

[0165] Test method: Take each packaged substrate and inoculate it with an equal amount of oyster mushroom spawn in a clean bench. Each group consists of 30 bags, repeated 3 times (total of 90 bags); then transfer them to an incubation room (25℃±1℃). Observe daily and record the contamination status of each bag from inoculation to full mycelial colony coverage, using the appearance of green mold, black mold, etc., as the judgment criteria, and calculate the contamination rate.

[0166] Table 1: Statistical Results of Microbial Contamination Rate

[0167]

[0168] As shown in Table 1, the contamination rates of the composite matrix samples 1-3 of this invention were significantly lower than those of all control groups. Among them, sample 1 performed the best, with a contamination rate of only 3.3%.

[0169] The contamination rate of the experimental group of control 1 was as high as 31.1%, which indicates that the substrate itself has significantly reduced stress resistance and cannot effectively cope with the invasion of miscellaneous bacteria in the environment without the lack of the loaded zeolite functional package.

[0170] Although methyl jasmonic acid was directly added to reference standard 2, its contamination rate was much higher than that of the sample group, proving that direct addition would cause a large amount of methyl jasmonic acid to become ineffective due to volatilization, photolysis, and uneven distribution. This invention achieves stable, sustained-release, and uniform dispersion of the active ingredient through zeolite loading technology, which is key to its efficacy.

[0171] While control sample 3 contained the supported zeolite functional package of this invention, its contamination rate was the highest, confirming the necessity of biological pretreatment. This is because the anti-nutritional factors such as tea saponins in untreated tea pomace not only fail to inhibit bacteria, but untreated coffee grounds also contain a considerable amount of phenolic compounds such as caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, as well as alkaloids such as caffeine. These substances, at certain concentrations, exhibit significant biotoxicity and allelopathic inhibitory effects on microorganisms. Although research on the antibacterial components in untreated water chestnut shell powder is relatively limited, it contains a large amount of tannins and cellulose-lignin complexes. Tannins have astringent and protein-precipitating properties, which may adversely affect the permeability of mycelial cell membranes and enzyme activity. In conclusion, untreated antibacterial functional additives can severely inhibit the growth of edible fungi mycelia, leading to decreased resistance and easier proliferation of miscellaneous bacteria.

[0172] Although the contamination rate of the experimental group of control 4 was lower than that of other controls, it was still significantly higher than that of the sample of this invention. This indicates that the effect of using a single yeast strain for pretreatment is limited in terms of cellulose decomposition and acid production to inhibit other bacteria, and cannot replace the synergistic effect of a compound microbial agent composed of yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, etc.

[0173] In summary, the zeolite-loaded functional package of this invention can provide both immune induction and sustained-release protection; the use of compound microbial agents for biological pretreatment can pre-build a probiotic microecological environment and degrade antibacterial factors. Through this dual technical approach, this invention constructs a highly efficient internal antibacterial system, greatly reducing the risk of contamination during the mycelial growth period, and its effect is far superior to traditional commercial feed.

[0174] II. Measurement of mycelial growth rate

[0175] Test method: Take uncontaminated bags, mark the position of the mycelial front with a marker at the same time every day after inoculation, measure and calculate the average daily growth rate of mycelium, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0176] Table 2: Results of mycelial growth rate and time to full bag coverage

[0177]

[0178] *Note: Due to severe contamination and inhibited mycelial growth, the data for control 3 were only taken from the slow growth rate of the uncontaminated area.

[0179] As shown in Table 2, the mycelial growth rate of experimental groups 1-3 of the composite substrate of this invention was significantly faster. Among them, sample 1 had the fastest average daily growth rate and the shortest time to fill the bag, which was about 8 days earlier than the commercial control.

[0180] The slow growth of fungi in the experimental groups of control 1 and control 2 demonstrates that the seaweed polysaccharides, magnesium sulfate, and methyl jasmonate effectively utilized in the loaded zeolite functional package have a continuous positive effect on maintaining vigorous mycelial growth and avoiding nutritional imbalance in the middle and late stages.

[0181] The control sample 3 grew extremely slowly and even failed to fill the bag, directly proving that untreated tea meal has a strong inhibitory effect on mycelium.

[0182] The growth rate of control sample 4 was better than that of control sample 1 but not as good as that of sample 1, indicating that the ability of a single yeast strain to degrade complex substrates and provide comprehensive growth-promoting nutrients is not as good as that of the compound bacterial agent of the present invention.

[0183] The above experimental data demonstrate that the composite substrate of the present invention, through the slow-release synergistic supply of nutrients and the improved nutritional environment after pretreatment, can continuously provide sufficient power for mycelial growth, effectively avoid growth decline caused by nutritional imbalance in the middle and late stages, and significantly improve mycelial growth efficiency.

[0184] III. Benefits of Mushroom Production

[0185] Test method: All experimental groups with full bags were moved into the fruiting room for unified fruiting management. The first flush of mushrooms was harvested, the total yield was counted, and the bioconversion rate (expressed as BE) was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0186] BE (%) = (Fresh mushroom weight / Dry weight of substrate) × 100%.

[0187] Table 3: Results of Mushroom Production Benefits Record

[0188]

[0189] As shown in Table 3, the bioconversion rates of experimental groups 1-3 of the composite substrate of this invention were significantly higher than those of all control groups. Among them, the bioconversion rate of sample 1 reached as high as 63.0%, significantly higher than that of the commercial control and other control groups. The experiment revealed that the mushrooms in experimental group 1 possessed robust mycelium and good stress resistance, which laid a solid foundation for high yield.

[0190] The low mushroom yields in control groups 1 and 2 further demonstrate the crucial role of the functional package in achieving the final yield. Control group 3 exhibited the lowest mushroom yield, further confirming that undegraded anti-nutritional factors can have a devastating impact on the entire fruiting process. Control group 4 had a higher mushroom yield than control group 1 but lower than sample group 1, indicating that pretreatment with the compound inoculant can more effectively transform raw materials, providing richer nutrients and thus achieving higher output.

[0191] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite substrate for promoting the growth of edible fungi, characterized in that, The composite base material specifically comprises: a main material consisting of 35-45 parts hardwood sawdust and 20-30 parts corn cob; a nitrogen source auxiliary material consisting of 2-7 parts wheat bran and 1-3 parts corn flour; a mineral additive consisting of 1-3 parts gypsum and 0.3-0.8 parts calcium carbonate; an antibacterial functional auxiliary material; and 1-3 parts loaded zeolite functional package. The antibacterial functional auxiliary material is prepared by microbial fermentation pretreatment of 3-8 parts tea seed cake, 8-12 parts coffee grounds, 3-8 parts water chestnut shell powder, 2-7 parts wheat bran, and 1-3 parts corn flour. The loaded zeolite functional package is made by loading methyl jasmonic acid, seaweed polysaccharide, and magnesium sulfate onto zeolite. The preparation method of the supported zeolite functional package specifically includes: S11. Zeolite pretreatment: Rinse 100 parts of zeolite with clean water, drain, and dry for later use. S12. Preparation of loading solution: Add 1 to 2 parts magnesium sulfate and 3 to 4 parts seaweed polysaccharide to warm water at 40℃~45℃, stir to dissolve and obtain an aqueous solution; dissolve 0.1 to 0.2 parts methyl jasmonate in ethanol, add it to the aqueous solution at a speed of 300r / min~500r / min, and then add water to make up to a total mass of 50 to 60 parts to obtain the loading solution; S13. Immersion adsorption: At a rotation speed of 200r / min to 400r / min, the loaded liquid is poured into the pretreated zeolite, mixed, sealed, and allowed to stand at 25℃ to 30℃ for 20h to 28h to obtain the adsorbed zeolite. S14. Drying and storage: Filter out the adsorbed zeolite and dry it at 55℃~65℃ in the dark. The zeolite mentioned is natural clinoptilolite or mordenite with a mesh size of 80-120. The microbial agent is a compound agent containing yeast, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus.

2. The composite matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The average particle size of the sawdust and corn cob is 5mm to 10mm.

3. The composite matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of methyl jasmonate to ethanol is: 0.8L to 1.2L of ethanol is used for 1kg of methyl jasmonate, and the volume fraction of the ethanol is 95%.

4. The composite matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the static adsorption period, it is necessary to stir at a speed of 100r / min to 200r / min for 5 to 10 minutes every 6 hours.

5. The composite matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the antibacterial functional excipient includes the following steps: S21. Microbial agent activation: Dissolve 0.5 to 1 part brown sugar and 0.3 to 0.5 parts microbial agent in 10 parts of warm water at 30℃ to 35℃, let stand for 1 to 2 hours to activate, and obtain activated bacterial solution; S22. Mixing: Mix 3 to 8 parts tea seed cake, 8 to 12 parts coffee grounds, 3 to 8 parts water chestnut shell powder, 2 to 7 parts wheat bran and 1 to 3 parts corn flour to obtain a mixture; S23. Inoculation and fermentation: Spray the activated bacterial solution onto the mixture, add water to adjust the moisture content to 55% to 60%, pile it up, cover the surface with a breathable covering, and ferment at 25℃ to 32℃ for 7 to 10 days.

6. The composite matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the composite base material includes: mixing the main material, antibacterial functional excipient, nitrogen source excipient, mineral additive and supported zeolite functional package, stirring at a speed of 20 r / min to 30 r / min for 15 min to 20 min to obtain a mixed dry material; adding water to the mixed dry material to a moisture content of 60% to 65%, bagging, sterilizing to obtain the composite base material.

7. The composite matrix according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sterilization is performed by atmospheric pressure steam sterilization, and the specific sterilization conditions are: maintaining steam at 100℃ for 12 to 16 hours.

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