Pre-cooling heat type 1000-megawatt class compressed air energy cogeneration system

Abstract

This application relates to the field of large-scale energy storage and integrated energy utilization technology, and in particular to a pre-cooled and heated megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system. The system includes: a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage cooler, a multi-stage heater, a multi-stage expander, a preheater, a hot water tank, a cold water tank, an air storage tank, a high-temperature tank, a chiller, a heater and a low-temperature tank, a high-efficiency heat exchanger, a precooler, a condenser, and control components. It can realize the conversion from electrical energy to compressed air potential energy and then to thermal energy, and vice versa. It can fully utilize the system's own energy and automatically adjust the inlet temperature of the multi-stage compressor according to environmental conditions, enhancing the stability of the system and materials with seasonal changes. Therefore, it solves the problems of high total compression work consumption, large energy loss, poor system thermal storage performance, and low system efficiency in megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of large-scale energy storage and integrated energy utilization technology, and in particular to a pre-cooled heating type megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system. Background Technology

[0002] Large-scale energy storage and integrated energy utilization technologies are core supporting areas for promoting global energy transition and achieving dual-carbon goals.

[0003] In related technologies, compressed air energy storage systems experience increased total energy consumption and significant energy loss due to temperature rise during compression. While megawatt-level systems can improve efficiency by storing compression heat, they suffer from instability and poor efficiency due to seasonal changes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a pre-cooled and heated megawatt-class compressed air source combined cooling, heating and power system to solve the problems of large total consumption of compression work, large energy loss, poor system heat storage performance and low system efficiency in megawatt-class compressed air source combined cooling, heating and power systems.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a pre-cooled and heated megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating, and power system, comprising: a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage cooler, a multi-stage heater, a multi-stage expander, and a preheater; a hot water tank, a cold water tank, and an air storage tank, wherein the final stage cooler is connected to one end of each of the hot water tank, cold water tank, and air storage tank, and the preheater is connected to the other end of each of the hot water tank, cold water tank, and air storage tank and to the first stage heater; a high-temperature tank, a refrigerator, a heater, and a low-temperature tank, wherein each cooler and each heater other than the final stage cooler is connected to the high-temperature tank and the low-temperature tank, the high-temperature tank is connected to the refrigerator, and the heater is connected to the high-temperature tank, the refrigerator, and the low-temperature tank; a high-efficiency heat exchanger, a precooler, and a condenser, wherein the high-efficiency heat exchanger includes first to third heat exchange channels, the precooler includes fourth to sixth heat exchange channels, and the first heat exchange channel is connected to... The system consists of a hot water tank, a second heat exchange channel for air input, a third heat exchange channel connected to the fifth heat exchange channel via a condenser, a fourth heat exchange channel connected to the chiller, and a sixth heat exchange channel connected to the output of the final stage expander. A control component is used to control the operation of the multi-stage compressor during energy storage. Air enters the multi-stage compressor through the second heat exchange channel of the high-efficiency heat exchanger and is compressed. The compressed air is stored in the gas storage tank, and the heat exchanged by the high-efficiency heat exchanger is stored in the hot water tank. During energy release, the preheater is controlled to heat the compressed air in the gas storage tank. The compressed air passes through the multi-stage expander, and the gas expanded by the final stage expander enters the precooler for precooling. A portion of the cooling energy generated by the chiller also enters the precooler to supplement the cooling energy, maintaining the cold storage medium in the condenser within the target temperature range to precool the inlet air of the high-efficiency heat exchanger.

[0006] Optionally, the hot water tank is connected to the final stage cooler, the preheater, and the high-efficiency heat exchanger shown, respectively; the cold water tank is connected to the final stage cooler and the preheater, respectively; the gas storage tank is connected to the preheating end of the final stage cooler and the preheater, respectively; a throttle valve is connected between the output end of the gas storage tank and the preheater; and the control component controls the opening of the throttle valve to control the flow rate of compressed air entering the preheater.

[0007] Optionally, the multi-stage compressor includes an N-stage compressor, the multi-stage cooler includes an N-stage cooler, the suction side of the nth stage compressor is connected to the (n-1)th stage cooler, the discharge side of the nth stage compressor is connected to the nth stage cooler, and N > n ≥ 2; the multi-stage heater includes an M-stage heater, the multi-stage expander includes an M-stage expander, the suction side of the mth stage expander is connected to the mth stage heater, the discharge side of the mth stage expander is connected to the (m+1)th stage heater, and M > m, where N, n, m, and M are all integers.

[0008] Optionally, the first-stage heater is connected to the preheater.

[0009] Optionally, the high-temperature tank is connected to each cooler, heater, and refrigeration unit other than the final cooler, and the low-temperature tank is connected to each cooler and heater other than the final cooler.

[0010] Optionally, the control component includes a controller and first to fourth control valves. The controller controls the opening degree of the first to fourth control valves. The first control valve is located on the pipeline between the final stage cooler and the hot water tank, the second control valve is located on the pipeline between the high-efficiency heat exchanger and the hot water tank, the third control valve is located on the pipeline between the high-efficiency heat exchanger and the condenser, and the fourth control valve is located on the pipeline between the chiller and the precooler.

[0011] Optionally, during the energy storage process, a portion of the high-temperature compression heat after heat exchange in the cooler is stored in a high-temperature tank. The heat storage medium in the high-temperature tank is used by the heater to heat the compressed air during the energy release process. After releasing heat through the heater, it is stored in a low-temperature tank. The remaining high-temperature compression heat enters the refrigeration unit for cooling, providing cooling capacity to the outside. The waste heat discharged by the refrigeration unit enters the heater to provide external heating, or the remaining high-temperature compression heat in the high-temperature tank is directly used by the heater to provide external heating, and finally stored in the low-temperature tank. The cooling medium in the final stage cooler absorbs the heat exchange and is stored in a hot water tank through the first control valve for preheating the compressed air during the energy release process.

[0012] Optionally, a first temperature sensor is installed at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel. During the energy storage process, the controller is also used to: when the first temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, adjust the flow rate of the heat storage medium entering the first heat exchange channel of the high-efficiency heat exchanger by adjusting the opening of the first control valve and the second control valve, so as to heat the air before entering the first stage compressor and thus control the heat absorbed by the heat storage medium. In this case, as the ambient temperature increases, the opening of the first control valve is increased and the opening of the second control valve is decreased.

[0013] Optionally, during the energy release process, the compressed air stored in the gas storage tank is throttled by a throttle valve and then enters the preheater for heating. The heated compressed air then enters a multi-stage heater and a multi-stage expander for heating and expansion to generate electricity. The heat absorbed by the heat storage medium in the preheater is stored in a cold water tank, and the low-temperature heat after the heater exchanges heat is stored in a low-temperature tank for the next compression.

[0014] Optionally, a first temperature sensor is installed at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel, and a second temperature sensor is installed at the condenser. The high-efficiency heat exchanger is connected to the liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is connected to the circulating pump, the circulating pump is connected to the precooler, and the controller is also used during the energy release process for:

[0015] When the first temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is higher than the second temperature threshold design temperature, the circulation pump is turned on, allowing the cold storage medium in the storage tank to enter the precooler for heat exchange, thereby reducing the temperature of the cold storage medium. When the second temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the cold storage medium in the condenser is higher than the third temperature threshold, part of the cooling capacity generated by the refrigerator is introduced into the fourth heat exchange channel of the precooler through the fourth control valve for heat exchange. The inlet flow rate of the fourth heat exchange channel of the precooler is controlled by adjusting the opening of the fourth control valve, thereby maintaining the temperature of the cold storage medium in the condenser within the target temperature range.

[0016] The flow rate of the low-temperature cold storage medium entering the third heat exchange channel of the high-efficiency heat exchanger is adjusted by regulating the opening of the third control valve, thereby controlling the heat absorbed by the low-temperature cold storage medium, reducing the inlet air temperature of the first-stage compressor, and storing the cold storage medium in the receiver after heat exchange to await the next pre-cooling cycle.

[0017] Therefore, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The pre-cooling and heating type megawatt-class compressed air source combined cooling, heating, and power system proposed in this application consists of a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage cooler, a multi-stage heater, a multi-stage expander, a preheater, a hot water tank, a cold water tank, an air storage tank, a high-temperature tank, a chiller, a heater and a low-temperature tank, a high-efficiency heat exchanger, a precooler, a condenser, and control components. It can realize the conversion from electrical energy to compressed air potential energy and then to thermal energy, and vice versa. It can fully utilize the system's own energy, automatically adjust the compressor inlet temperature according to environmental conditions, enhance the stability of the system and materials with seasonal changes, achieve energy conversion, reduce the total consumption of compression work, reduce system complexity and cost, and improve the efficiency of the system's thermal storage performance. Therefore, it solves the technical problems of high total compression work consumption, high energy loss, poor system thermal storage performance, and low system efficiency in megawatt-class compressed air source combined cooling, heating, and power systems.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0021] Figure 1 This is an example diagram of a pre-cooled and heated megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a pre-cooled heating type megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage / release operation control method for a pre-cooled heating megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a summer pre-cooling control strategy for a pre-cooling and heating megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a winter preheating control strategy for a precooling-heating megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system provided according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] A pre-cooled, high-wattage compressed air source combined cooling, heating, and power system 100, comprising: a multi-stage compressor 101, a multi-stage cooler 102, a multi-stage heater 103, a multi-stage expander 104, a control assembly 105, a first-stage compressor 1, a second-stage compressor 2, a final-stage compressor 3, a first-stage cooler 4, a second-stage cooler 5, a final-stage cooler 6, an air storage tank 7, a throttle valve 8, a preheater 9, a hot water tank 10, a first control valve 11, a cold water tank 12, a second control valve 13, a high-temperature tank 14, and a refrigeration unit 15. 16. Low-temperature tank, 17. First-stage heater, 18. Final-stage heater, 19. First-stage expander, 20. Final-stage expander, 21. Second heat exchange channel, 22. First temperature sensor, 23. First heat exchange channel, 24. Third heat exchange channel, 25. Storage tank, 26. Circulation pump, 27. Precooler, 28. Condenser, 29. Third control valve, 30. High-efficiency heat exchanger, 31. Fourth control valve, 32. Fourth heat exchange channel, 33. Fifth heat exchange channel, 34. Sixth heat exchange channel, 35. Second temperature sensor, 36. Heater. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0029] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a pre-cooled, heated, and cooled megawatt-class compressed air source combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system according to an embodiment of this application. Addressing the problems mentioned in the background art, such as high total compression power consumption, large energy loss, poor system heat storage performance, and low system efficiency in megawatt-class compressed air source CCHP systems, this application provides a pre-cooled, heated, and cooled megawatt-class compressed air source CCHP system. In this system, a multi-stage compressor 101, a multi-stage cooler 102, a multi-stage heater 103, a multi-stage expander 104, a preheater 9, a hot water tank 10, a cold water tank 12, an air storage tank 7, a high-temperature tank 14, a chiller 15, and a low-temperature tank 16 are provided. Composed of a precooler 27, a condenser 28, a high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, a heater 36, and a control component 105, this system enables the conversion of electrical energy into compressed air potential energy and then into thermal energy, and vice versa. It fully utilizes the system's own energy resources, automatically adjusts the inlet temperature of the multi-stage compressor 101 according to environmental conditions, enhances the stability of the system and materials under seasonal changes, achieves energy conversion, reduces the total consumption of compression work, decreases system complexity and cost, and improves the efficiency of the system's thermal storage performance. Therefore, it solves the problems of high total compression work consumption, high system complexity and cost, and low thermal storage efficiency in megawatt-level compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power systems.

[0030] Specifically, Figure 1This is an example diagram of a pre-cooled and heated megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system provided for an embodiment of this application.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the pre-cooling and heating type megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system 100 includes: a multi-stage compressor 101, a multi-stage cooler 102, a multi-stage heater 103, a multi-stage expander 104, a preheater 9, a hot water tank 10, a cold water tank 12, an air storage tank 7, a high-temperature tank 14, a refrigeration unit 15, a low-temperature tank 16, a precooler 27, a condenser 28, a high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, a heater 36, and a control component 105.

[0032] The system includes a multi-stage compressor 101, a multi-stage cooler 102, a multi-stage heater 103, a multi-stage expander 104, and a preheater 9; a hot water tank 10, a cold water tank 12, and a gas storage tank 7; a final-stage cooler 6 connected to one end of each of the hot water tank 10, cold water tank 12, and gas storage tank 7; and a preheater 9 connected to the other end of each of the hot water tank 10, cold water tank 12, and gas storage tank 7, as well as the first-stage heater 17; a high-temperature tank 14; a refrigerator 15; a heater 36; and a low-temperature... Tank 16, each cooler and heater except for the final stage cooler 6, is connected to the high-temperature tank 14 and the low-temperature tank 16. The high-temperature tank 14 is connected to the refrigerator 15. The heater 36 is connected to the high-temperature tank 14, the refrigerator 15, and the low-temperature tank 16. A high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, a precooler 27, and a condenser 28 are also included. The high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 includes first to third heat exchange channels, and the precooler 27 includes fourth to sixth heat exchange channels. The first heat exchange channel 23 is connected to the hot water tank 10. Air is input through the second heat exchange channel 21, the third heat exchange channel 24 is connected to the fifth heat exchange channel 33 via the condenser 28, the fourth heat exchange channel 32 is connected to the refrigerator 15, and the sixth heat exchange channel 34 is connected to the exhaust side of the final stage expander 20. The control component 105 is used to control the operation of the multi-stage compressor 101 during the energy storage process. Air enters the multi-stage compressor 101 through the second heat exchange channel 21 for compression. The compressed air is stored in the gas storage tank 7. The heat exchanged after passing through the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 is stored in the hot water tank 10. During the energy release process, the preheater 9 is controlled to heat the compressed air in the gas storage tank 7. The compressed air passes through the multi-stage expander 104. The gas expanded by the final stage expander 20 enters the precooler 27 for precooling. Part of the cold energy generated by the refrigerator 15 enters the precooler 27 for energy storage or energy release, so that the cold storage medium in the condenser 28 is maintained within the target temperature range to precool the inlet air of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30.

[0033] Understandably, the pre-cooling and heating type megawatt-level compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system 100 consists of a multi-stage compressor 101, a multi-stage cooler 102, a multi-stage heater 103, a multi-stage expander 104, a preheater 9, a hot water tank 10, a cold water tank 12, an air storage tank 7, a high-temperature tank 14, a chiller 15 and a low-temperature tank 16, a precooler 27, a condenser 28, a high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, a heater 36, and a control component 105. It can realize the conversion from electrical energy to compressed air potential energy and then to thermal energy, and the conversion from compressed air potential energy to thermal energy and then to electrical energy. It can make full use of the system's own energy, realize energy conversion, reduce the energy consumption of the multi-stage compressor 101, improve thermal storage performance, and improve the system's electro-electric efficiency.

[0034] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the multi-stage compressor 101 consists of a first-stage compressor 1, a second-stage compressor 2, and a final-stage compressor 3; the multi-stage cooler 102 consists of a first-stage cooler 4, a second-stage cooler 5, and a final-stage cooler 6; the multi-stage heater 103 consists of a first-stage heater 17 and a final-stage heater 18; and the multi-stage expander 104 consists of a first-stage expander 19 and a final-stage expander 20. Figure 2 In the diagram, 10 represents a hot water tank, 12 represents a cold water tank, and 7 represents a gas storage tank. One end of the hot water tank 10, cold water tank 12, and gas storage tank 7 are connected to the final stage cooler 6, and the other end of the hot water tank 10, cold water tank 12, and gas storage tank 7 are connected to the preheater 9. Figure 2 In the process, the high-temperature tank 14 is connected to the refrigerator 15; the first-stage cooler 4 and the second-stage cooler 5 are connected to the high-temperature tank 14 and the low-temperature tank 16; the first-stage heater 17 is connected to the high-temperature tank 14 and the low-temperature tank 16; and the heater 36 is connected to the high-temperature tank 14, the refrigerator 15, and the low-temperature tank 16. The high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 includes a first heat exchange channel 23, a second heat exchange channel 21, and a third heat exchange channel 24. The first heat exchange channel 23 is connected to the hot water tank 10; the second heat exchange channel 21 receives air; and the third heat exchange channel 24 is connected to the fifth heat exchange channel 33 via the condenser 28. The precooler 27 includes a fourth heat exchange channel 32, a fifth heat exchange channel 33, and a sixth heat exchange channel 34. The fourth heat exchange channel 32 is connected to the refrigerator 15, and the sixth heat exchange channel 34 is connected to the final stage expander 20.

[0035] The control component 105 is used to control the operation of the multi-stage compressor 101 during the energy storage process.

[0036] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the hot water tank 10 is connected to the final stage cooler 6, the preheater 9 and the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 respectively, the cold water tank 12 is connected to the final stage cooler 6 and the preheater 9 respectively, the air storage tank 7 is connected to the final stage cooler 6 and the preheater 9 respectively, and a throttle valve 8 is connected between the exhaust side of the air storage tank 7 and the preheater 9. The control component 105 controls the opening of the throttle valve 8 to control the flow rate of compressed air entering the preheater 9.

[0037] Among them, the hot water tank 10 is a heat exchange device that stores hot water to supplement heat when the water temperature is insufficient and to cool down when the water temperature is too high; the cooler is a heat exchange device that cools the fluid at a higher temperature to a lower temperature; the final stage cooler 6 is the cooler in a multi-stage cooling system where compressed air comes into contact with the fluid for final cooling; the preheater 9 is a heat exchange device that provides heat to the low-temperature fluid to raise its temperature; the cold water tank 12 is a cooling medium storage container that provides a stable low-temperature water source for various cooling equipment in an industrial cooling system; the air storage tank 7 is a pressure vessel in a compressed air system that stores compressed air and performs pressure stabilization and buffering functions; and the throttle valve 8 is a valve device that controls the fluid flow rate by changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid channel.

[0038] Understandably, in a pre-cooled and heated megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating, and power system, the hot water tank 10 is connected to the final stage cooler 6 and the preheater 9, the cold water tank 12 is connected to the final stage cooler 6 and the preheater 9, the air storage tank 7 is connected to the final stage cooler 6, and the air storage tank 7 is connected to the preheater 9 via a throttle valve 8. Through the linkage of the hot water tank 10, the final stage cooler 6, the preheater 9, the cold water tank 12, the air storage tank 7, the throttle valve 8, and the control component 105, it is possible to control the compressed air flow, change the compressed gas temperature, perform thermal energy circulation linkage, improve energy utilization, and enhance system efficiency.

[0039] Specifically, the precooler 27 can realize the heat transfer function of converting the hot fluid to the cold fluid to absorb heat, and the preheater 9 can realize the heat transfer function of converting the high-temperature fluid to the low-temperature fluid to absorb heat. It can adopt the structure of shell and tube, heat storage, plate or plate fin type.

[0040] The temperatures of hot water tank 10 and cold water tank 12 are typically controlled within the range of ambient temperature to 100℃. The cooling water temperature in cold water tank 12 is generally between 20℃ and 35℃. After passing through the final stage cooler 6, the water is heated to 100℃ and stored in hot water tank 10. The specific heat capacity of the water is 4.2 kJ / (kg). At ℃, it absorbs far more heat than media such as air and oil, and can absorb more heat for the same mass, without the need for external cooling equipment, thus achieving efficient heat exchange.

[0041] The cold storage working medium in the liquid storage tank 25 is a liquid organic working medium. When the cold supply is sufficient, such as during off-peak hours when the electricity price is low at night or when the refrigerator 15 is redundant, the cold storage working medium absorbs and stores the cold energy. When the cold demand is high, such as during peak hours of daytime electricity consumption or when the cooling load increases sharply, the cold energy is released to balance the supply and demand of cold energy and reduce energy consumption.

[0042] The cold storage medium is suitable for the requirements of high cold storage efficiency, chemical stability, safety and non-toxicity, and adaptability to various working conditions of the liquid storage tank 25. During the cold storage process, the cold storage medium exists in liquid form. Organic working media such as ethylene glycol aqueous solution and propylene glycol aqueous solution have a specific heat capacity slightly lower than that of water and a cold storage density much higher than that of water. By lowering the freezing point, it can be used in low-temperature scenarios and has a very wide applicable temperature range. Organic working media such as paraffin wax and fatty acids have a higher sensible heat cold storage density than that of water. The same volume of liquid storage tank 25 can store more cold energy, which can significantly reduce the volume of the storage tank.

[0043] In addition, it should be noted that since the preheater 9 can provide low-grade heat energy to the compressed air, and then the first-stage heater 17 provides high-grade heat energy to the compressed air, the heat energy is utilized in stages. The compressed heat storage capacity stored in the high-temperature tank 14 is greater than that in the low-temperature tank 16. The excess high-temperature heat from the high-temperature tank 14 is used as the heat source of the refrigerator 15. After the refrigerator 15 generates cooling capacity, the discharged heat storage medium releases heat through the heater 36 and is stored in the low-temperature tank 16.

[0044] Further, in the embodiments of this application, the multi-stage compressor 101 includes an N-stage compressor, the multi-stage cooler 102 includes an N-stage cooler, the suction side of the nth stage compressor is connected to the (n-1)th stage cooler, the discharge side of the nth stage compressor is connected to the nth stage cooler, and N > n ≥ 2; the multi-stage heater 103 includes an M-stage heater, the multi-stage expander 104 includes an M-stage expander, the suction side of the mth stage expander is connected to the mth stage heater, the discharge side of the mth stage expander is connected to the (m+1)th stage heater, and M > m, where N, n, m, and M are all integers.

[0045] The compressor is a fluid pressurization machine that compresses a low-pressure gas / gas-liquid mixture to a high-pressure state, resulting in a temperature increase. The compressor suction side is the inlet end of the compressor, through which compressed gas enters the compressor. The cooler connects the nth stage compressor and the (n+1)th stage compressor, and is an interstage cooler. The compressor discharge side is the side of the compressor through which compressed gas exits. The expander is a machine that uses fluid expansion and pressure reduction to achieve energy recovery or refrigeration, converting the pressure energy of the fluid into mechanical energy or cooling. The expander input side is the inlet end of the working fluid before it performs work in the expander. The expander output side is the outlet end of the working fluid after it has been depressurized and performed work in the expander.

[0046] It is understandable that by connecting the multi-stage compressor 101 to the multi-stage cooler 102, the high-temperature gas discharged from the compressor can be cooled; by connecting the multi-stage expander 104 to the multi-stage heater 103, the low-temperature gas at the outlet of the multi-stage expander 104 can be heated, thereby realizing the reuse of thermal energy, improving system efficiency, and protecting equipment safety.

[0047] Specifically, a pre-cooled and heated megawatt-class compressed air energy combined cooling, heating, and power system includes an N-stage compressor, an N-stage cooler, an M-stage heater, and an M-stage expander. Figure 2 In the first stage, the suction side of the second-stage compressor 2 is connected to the first-stage cooler 4, and the discharge side of the second-stage compressor 2 is connected to the second-stage cooler 5; the suction side of the final-stage compressor 3 is connected to the second-stage cooler 5, and the discharge side of the final-stage compressor 3 is connected to the final-stage cooler 6; the input side of the first-stage expander 19 is connected to the first-stage heater 17, and the output side of the first-stage expander 19 is connected to the final-stage heater 18.

[0048] Furthermore, in embodiments of this application, the high-temperature tank 14 is connected to each cooler, heater, and refrigerator 15 other than the final stage cooler 6, and the low-temperature tank 16 is connected to each cooler and heater 36 other than the final stage cooler 6.

[0049] Among them, the high-temperature tank 14 is a sealed container for storing heat storage medium with a temperature ≥190℃ and preventing heat loss; the low-temperature tank 16 is a sealed container for storing heat storage medium with a temperature at least above room temperature and ensuring low-temperature conditions.

[0050] It is understandable that by connecting the high-temperature tank 14 to the multi-stage cooler 102, the compressed heat of the compressed air after heat exchange by the multi-stage cooler 102 can be stored in the high-temperature tank 14 and used for heating the air during the expansion stage by the heater. After the heater recovers the heat, the heat storage medium is input into the low-temperature tank 16 to form a heat storage and exchange cycle.

[0051] Specifically, in Figure 2 In the process, the high-temperature tank 14 is connected to the first-stage cooler 4 and the second-stage cooler 5, and is also connected to the first-stage heater 17 and the final-stage heater 18. The excess high-temperature heat stored in the high-temperature tank 14 can be used by the refrigerator 15 to generate cold energy or directly supply heat to the outside. The heat storage medium after the heat energy is recovered by the heater 36 is stored in the low-temperature tank 16, which can further reduce the cooling effect of the multi-stage cooler 102. The low-temperature tank 16 is connected to the first-stage cooler 4 and the second-stage cooler 5, and is also connected to the first-stage heater 17 and the final-stage heater 18 through the heater 36.

[0052] Furthermore, in an embodiment of this application, the control component 105 includes a controller and first to fourth control valves. The controller controls the opening degree of the first to fourth control valves. The first control valve 11 is disposed on the pipeline between the final stage cooler 6 and the hot water tank 10, the second control valve 13 is disposed on the pipeline between the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 and the hot water tank 10, the third control valve 29 is disposed on the pipeline between the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 and the condenser 28, and the fourth control valve 31 is disposed on the pipeline between the refrigerator 15 and the precooler 27.

[0053] Among them, the control valve precisely controls the process parameters such as pressure, flow rate, and temperature of the fluid by changing the flow area between the valve core and the valve seat; the controller is an electronic device with the ability to receive signals, analyze and judge, and issue commands, and can control the opening degree of the first to fourth control valves according to the temperature; the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 is a device for exchanging heat between fluids, and can pre-cool / heat ambient air to realize heat exchange between two or more fluids; the condenser 28 is a device that cools gaseous substances into liquid substances by releasing heat; the refrigerator 15 is a device that actively generates cooling capacity and transfers heat from a low-temperature environment to a high-temperature environment; and the precooler 27 is an auxiliary device that lowers the temperature of the fluid before it enters the main equipment, providing pre-cooling for subsequent equipment.

[0054] Understandably, by connecting the final stage cooler 6 and the hot water tank 10 via the first control valve 11, the flow rate of waste heat hot water entering the hot water tank 10 can be adjusted, thereby achieving waste heat recovery and hot water supply, and stabilizing the operating conditions of the final stage cooler 6. Similarly, by connecting the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 and the hot water tank 10 via the second control valve 13, the flow rate of hot water at the outlet of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 can be adjusted, thereby controlling the liquid level and temperature of the hot water tank 10, regulating the flow rate of hot water within the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, and ensuring a continuous supply of hot water to the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30. Air heating is performed; the third control valve 29 connects the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 and the condenser 28, which can regulate the flow rate of the cold storage working fluid from the condenser 28 into the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, ensuring the stable operation of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30; the fourth control valve 31 connects the refrigerator 15 and the precooler 27, which can regulate the flow rate of the refrigerant delivered by the refrigerator 15 to the precooler 27, achieving precise control of the precooling temperature, protecting energy and the system, stabilizing the core operating conditions of the condenser 28, and ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0055] Specifically, in Figure 2 In this configuration, control component 105 controls the opening degrees of first control valve 11, second control valve 13, third control valve 29, and fourth control valve 31. First control valve 11 is located on the pipeline between the second exhaust side of the final stage cooler 6 and the first intake side of the hot water tank 10, controlling the flow rate of hot water from the final stage cooler 6 to the hot water tank 10. Second control valve 13 is located on the pipeline between the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 and the hot water tank 10, controlling the flow rate of hot water between them. Third control valve 29 is located on the pipeline between the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 and the condenser 28, controlling the flow path and flow rate of the cold storage medium between them. Fourth control valve 31 is located on the pipeline between the refrigerator 15 and the precooler 27, controlling the flow rate of refrigerant from the refrigerator 15 to the precooler 27 to regulate the supply of 7°C cooling capacity. Second temperature sensor 35 is used to detect the temperature of the condenser 28.

[0056] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, during the energy storage process, a portion of the high-temperature compressed heat after heat exchange in the cooler is stored in the high-temperature tank 14. The heat storage medium in the high-temperature tank 14 is used to heat the compressed air in the heater during the energy release process. After heat exchange in the heater 36, it is stored in the low-temperature tank 16. The remaining portion of the high-temperature compressed heat stored in the high-temperature tank 14 can directly provide heat to the user through the heater 36, or enter the refrigerator 15 for cooling. When providing cooling to the outside, the heat storage medium discharged from the refrigerator 15 releases heat through the heater 36 and is stored in the low-temperature tank 16. The cooling medium in the final stage cooler 6 absorbs the heat exchange and is stored in the hot water tank 10 through the first control valve 11 for preheating the compressed air during the energy release process.

[0057] Among them, high-temperature compression heat is the high heat released when the temperature of a gas or liquid rises significantly due to external work done on the fluid during compression; the energy release process is the conversion of energy stored through energy storage into a directly usable energy form through specific equipment and processes; the refrigerator 15 is used in scenarios where heat energy such as steam, hot water and waste heat can be used for cooling, realizing the refrigeration equipment that absorbs heat from low-temperature objects and releases heat to high-temperature environments; the cooling medium is a substance that absorbs heat and transfers it away through direct or indirect contact with the object that needs to be cooled.

[0058] Understandably, during the energy storage process, some of the high-temperature compression heat after heat exchange in the multi-stage cooler 102 is stored in the high-temperature tank 14. The high-temperature compression heat is released by the heat storage medium in the high-temperature tank 14, and the compressed air is heated by the multi-stage heater 103 before being stored in the low-temperature tank 16. Another portion of the high-temperature compression heat after heat exchange in the multi-stage cooler 102 enters the refrigerator 15 for cooling, providing cooling capacity to the outside. The waste heat discharged by the refrigerator 15 enters the heater 36 for external heating, or the remaining high-temperature compression heat in the high-temperature tank 14 is directly used by the heater 36 for external heating before being stored in the low-temperature tank 16. After absorbing the heat exchange, the cooling medium in the final stage cooler 6 is stored in the hot water tank 10 through the first control valve 11, preheating the compressed air during the energy release process.

[0059] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, in the energy storage process of the pre-cooled and heated megawatt-level compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system, ambient air enters the first-stage compressor 1 through the second heat exchange channel 21 of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 and is compressed. After entering the first-stage cooler 4 and being cooled by the heat storage medium from the low-temperature tank 16, it is then compressed by the second-stage compressor 2 and cooled by the second-stage cooler 5 before entering the final-stage compressor 3 and being compressed into medium-temperature and high-pressure air. Finally, the medium-temperature and high-pressure air is cooled to 35~40℃ by the final-stage cooler 6 and stored in the gas storage tank 7.

[0060] The high-temperature compressed heat after heat exchange by the first-stage cooler 4 and the second-stage cooler 5 is stored in the high-temperature tank 14. When part of the heat storage medium in the high-temperature tank 14 is used to heat the compressed air by the first-stage heater 17 and the last-stage heater 18 during the energy release process, it is stored in the low-temperature tank 16. The remaining high-temperature compressed heat enters the refrigerator 15 for cooling, providing users with 7°C of cooling capacity. After the high-temperature compressed heat enters the refrigerator 15, it drives the refrigeration cycle of processes such as solution heat absorption and regeneration and refrigerant evaporation heat absorption to generate cooling capacity, which is directly provided to users to meet their cooling needs. The waste heat discharged by the refrigerator 15 enters the heater 36 for external heating, or the remaining high-temperature compressed heat in the high-temperature tank 14 is directly used by the heater 36 for external heating, and finally stored in the low-temperature tank 16. The low-temperature heat storage medium can be transported to the front end again in subsequent processes, such as for recooling the compressed air.

[0061] After absorbing heat exchange, the cooling medium in the final stage cooler 6 is stored in the hot water tank 10 through the first control valve 11 for air preheating during the energy release process.

[0062] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, a first temperature sensor 22 is provided at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel 23. During the energy storage process, the controller is also used to: when the first temperature sensor 22 detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, adjust the flow rate of the heat storage medium entering the first heat exchange channel 23 by adjusting the opening of the first control valve 11 and the second control valve 13, so as to heat the air before entering the first stage compressor 1 and thus control the heat absorbed by the heat storage medium. As the ambient temperature increases, the opening of the first control valve 11 is increased and the opening of the second control valve 13 is decreased.

[0063] Among them, the temperature sensor is a device that senses the temperature of the environment or medium and converts the temperature signal into a readable / controllable electrical signal; the first temperature threshold is the minimum temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel that is preset in advance; the heat storage medium is a substance that efficiently absorbs and stores heat and stably releases heat when needed.

[0064] Understandably, the first temperature sensor 22 is set at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel 23 to detect the ambient temperature. By adjusting the opening of the first control valve 11 and the second control valve 13 through the controller, the flow rate of the heat storage medium entering the first heat exchange channel 23 can be adjusted. The outlet temperature of the medium in the first heat exchange channel 23 can be precisely controlled according to the ambient temperature, thereby enhancing the stability of the system and materials as the seasons change.

[0065] Specifically, a first temperature sensor 22 is installed at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel 23. When the first temperature sensor 22 detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, the controller adjusts the opening of the first control valve 11 and the second control valve 13 to regulate the flow rate of the heat storage medium entering the first heat exchange channel 23, so as to heat the air before entering the first stage compressor 1 and control the heat absorbed by the heat storage medium. As the ambient temperature rises, the opening of the first control valve 11 is increased and the opening of the second control valve 13 is decreased.

[0066] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, under winter operating conditions, the inlet air temperature of the first-stage compressor 1 is low. When the first temperature sensor 22 detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the design temperature of 25°C, the air before entering the first-stage compressor 1 needs to be heated. In order to adjust the preheating temperature, a second control valve 13 is installed in the hot water pipe of the final stage cooler 6. By adjusting the opening of the second control valve 13, the flow rate of the heat storage medium entering the first heat exchange channel 23 of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 is adjusted, thereby controlling the heat absorbed by the heat storage medium.

[0067] When the ambient temperature is too low, the opening of the second control valve 13 increases and the opening of the first control valve 11 decreases, thereby increasing the inlet flow rate of the heat storage medium in the first heat exchange channel 23 of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, increasing the heat absorbed by the heat storage medium, increasing the temperature of the heat storage medium, and thus increasing the temperature of the low-temperature air in the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30.

[0068] When the ambient temperature rises, but is still below the design temperature, the opening of the second control valve 13 is reduced, and the opening of the first control valve 11 is indirectly increased. This reduces the inlet flow rate of the heat storage medium in the first heat exchange channel 23 of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, thereby reducing the heat absorbed by the heat storage medium and reducing the temperature rise of the low-temperature air to meet the heating requirements of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30. Ultimately, this effectively controls the air temperature entering the multi-stage compressor 101 to remain constant under different winter temperatures, ensuring that the multi-stage compressor 101 operates in the high-efficiency zone and that the exhaust temperature remains constant. The temperature of the heat storage medium in the high-temperature tank 14 remains constant, improving the electro-electric conversion efficiency of the insulated compressed air energy storage power station under low-temperature conditions in winter. Finally, the heat exchanged by the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 is stored in the hot water tank 10.

[0069] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, during the energy release process, the compressed air stored in the gas storage tank 7 is throttled by the throttle valve 8 and then enters the preheater 9 for heating. The heated compressed air then enters the multi-stage heater 103 and the multi-stage expander 104 in sequence for heating and expansion to generate electricity. The heat absorbed by the heat storage medium in the preheater 9 is stored in the cold water tank 12. The low-temperature heat after the heater exchanges heat is further released by the heater 36 and then stored in the low-temperature tank 16 for the next compression.

[0070] Among them, the gas storage tank 7 is a device for storing high-pressure compressed air.

[0071] Understandably, during the energy release process, the compressed air in the gas storage tank 7 passes sequentially through the throttle valve 8, preheater 9, multi-stage heater 103, and multi-stage expander 104. It is heated in the preheater 9, heated in the multi-stage heater 103, and expanded in the multi-stage expander 104 to generate electricity. By heating and expanding in stages to generate electricity, the energy conversion efficiency can be enhanced and the output power can be stabilized. The heat absorbed by the heat storage medium in the preheater 9 is stored in the cold water tank 12. The low-temperature heat after heat exchange in the multi-stage heater 103 is further released by the heater 36 and stored in the low-temperature tank 16. By recovering and storing the heat and low-temperature heat, recycling can be achieved, reducing the operating cost of the system, balancing the preheating load, enhancing the cooling effect, and stabilizing the system operating conditions.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, in the energy release process of the pre-cooled heating type megawatt-level compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system, the compressed air stored in the air storage tank 7 is throttled by the throttle valve 8 and then enters the preheater 9 for heating. The heated medium-high temperature and high pressure air then sequentially enters the first-stage heater 17, the first-stage expander 19, the final-stage heater 18, and the final-stage expander 20 for heating and expansion to generate electricity. The low-temperature exhaust gas after expansion by the final-stage expander 20 enters the precooler 27 for precooling, and part of the cooling capacity generated by the chiller 15 enters the precooler 27 through the fourth control valve 31 to supplement the cooling capacity. The system can maintain a constant low temperature in the cold storage medium in the condenser 28, which can pre-cool the inlet ambient air. The waste heat discharged by the refrigerator 15 is then used to heat the outside of the heater 36, or the remaining high-temperature compression heat in the high-temperature tank 14 can be directly used to heat the outside of the heater 36 and finally stored in the low-temperature tank 16. The heat absorbed by the heat storage medium in the preheater 9 is stored in the cold water tank 12. The low-temperature heat after the first stage heater 17 and the last stage heater 18 exchange heat is further released by the heater 36 and then stored in the low-temperature tank 16 for the next compression.

[0073] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, a first temperature sensor 22 is provided at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel 23, a second temperature sensor 35 is provided at the condenser 28, a high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 is connected to a liquid storage tank 25, the liquid storage tank 25 is connected to a circulating pump 26, and the circulating pump 26 is connected to a precooler 27. During the energy release process, the controller is also used to: when the first temperature sensor 22 detects that the ambient temperature is higher than the second temperature threshold design temperature, turn on the circulating pump 26 to allow the cold storage medium in the liquid storage tank 25 to enter the precooler 27 for heat exchange, thereby reducing the temperature of the cold storage medium; when the second temperature sensor 35 detects that the temperature of the cold storage medium in the condenser 28 is higher than the first ... in the liquid storage tank 25; when the second temperature sensor 35 detects that the temperature of the cold storage medium in the condenser 28 is higher than the first temperature threshold design temperature, turn on the circulating pump 26 to allow the cold storage medium in the liquid storage tank 25 to enter the precooler 27 for heat exchange When the temperature threshold is reached, part of the cooling capacity generated by the refrigerator 15 is introduced into the fourth heat exchange channel 32 of the precooler 27 through the fourth control valve 31 for heat exchange. The inlet flow rate of the fourth heat exchange channel 32 of the precooler 27 is controlled by adjusting the opening of the fourth control valve 31 to maintain the temperature of the cold storage medium in the condenser 28 within the target temperature range. The flow rate of the low-temperature cold storage medium entering the third heat exchange channel 24 of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the third control valve 29 to control the heat absorbed by the low-temperature cold storage medium, reduce the inlet air temperature of the first-stage compressor 1, and store the cold storage medium after heat exchange in the liquid storage tank 25 to wait for the next precooling cycle.

[0074] Among them, the liquid storage tank 25 is a sealed container for storing liquid working fluid; the circulation pump 26 is a power device that drives the forced circulation of fluid in the system; the precooler 27 is a device in the system for initially cooling the fluid to be treated; the second temperature threshold is the highest temperature at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel 23 that is preset in advance; the third temperature threshold is the highest temperature of the cold storage working fluid in the condenser 28 that is preset in advance; the heat exchange process is the transfer of heat from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object; the cold storage working fluid is a material that achieves the storage and release cycle of cold energy through its own temperature change or state change, and often includes liquid organic working fluids such as water and brine solution; the low-temperature cold storage working fluid is an organic compound that is liquid in a low-temperature environment and has good thermal stability, low boiling point, and high thermal conductivity; the precooling cycle is an independent circulation system in the system used to initially cool the main process fluid.

[0075] Understandably, a first temperature sensor 22 is installed at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel 23 to check the ambient temperature. When the first temperature sensor 22 detects that the ambient temperature is higher than the second temperature threshold design temperature, the temperature of the cold storage medium is reduced. When the second temperature sensor 35 detects that the temperature of the cold storage medium in the condenser 28 is higher than the third temperature threshold, the opening of the fourth control valve 31 and the third control valve 29 is adjusted to achieve dynamic adjustment of the working medium state and energy distribution in the system, maintain the stable operation of key equipment and ensure the overall performance of the system.

[0076] Specifically, such as Figure 5As shown, under summer operating conditions, the inlet air temperature of the first-stage compressor 1 is relatively high. When the first temperature sensor 22 detects an ambient temperature of 38°C, which is higher than the design temperature of 25°C, it is necessary to cool down the air before it enters the first-stage compressor 1.

[0077] When it is necessary to cool the inlet air temperature of the first-stage compressor 1, the circulating pump 26 is turned on, allowing the cold storage medium in the liquid storage tank 25 to enter the precooler 27 for heat exchange, further reducing the temperature of the cold storage medium to about 15°C, and then storing it in the condenser 28. In order to ensure that the low-temperature cold storage medium in the condenser 28 has a constant temperature, a second temperature sensor 35 is installed at the condenser 28. When the second temperature sensor 35 detects that the temperature of the cold storage medium in the condenser 28 is higher than the set temperature of 15°C, and if the low-temperature exhaust gas (about 12°C) after the expansion of the final stage expander 20 is insufficient to meet the cooling demand of the precooler 27, part of the cooling capacity generated by the refrigerator 15 enters the fourth heat exchange channel 32 through the fourth control valve 31 to cool the cold storage medium. By adjusting the opening of the fourth control valve 31, the inlet flow rate of the fourth heat exchange channel 32 can be controlled to maintain the low temperature of the cold storage medium in the condenser 28. To adjust the pre-cooling temperature of the inlet air of the first-stage compressor 1, a third control valve 29 is installed in the outlet pipe of the condenser 28. By adjusting the opening of the third control valve 29, the flow rate of the low-temperature cold storage medium entering the third heat exchange channel 24 of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30 is adjusted, thereby controlling the heat absorbed by the low-temperature cold storage medium, reducing the inlet air temperature of the first-stage compressor 1, and meeting the pre-cooling requirements of the high-efficiency heat exchanger 30. After heat exchange, the cold storage medium is stored in the liquid storage tank 25 to await the next pre-cooling cycle. Ultimately, it can effectively control the air temperature entering the multi-stage compressor 101 to remain constant under different temperatures in summer, which can effectively reduce the power consumption of the multi-stage compressor 101.

[0078] In summary, the pre-cooling and heating type megawatt-level compressed air energy combined cooling, heating and power system proposed in this application consists of a multi-stage compressor 101, a multi-stage cooler 102, a multi-stage heater 103, a multi-stage expander 104, a preheater 9, a hot water tank 10, a cold water tank 12, an air storage tank 7, a high-temperature tank 14, a chiller 15 and a low-temperature tank 16, a precooler 27, a condenser 28, a high-efficiency heat exchanger 30, a heater 36, and a control component 105. It can realize the conversion from electrical energy to compressed air potential energy and then to thermal energy, and the conversion from compressed air potential energy to thermal energy and then to electrical energy. It can make full use of the system's own energy, automatically adjust the inlet temperature of the multi-stage compressor 101 according to environmental conditions, enhance the stability of the system and materials with seasonal changes, realize energy conversion, reduce the total consumption of compression work, improve energy utilization, and enhance the system's heat storage performance and system efficiency.

[0079] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0080] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0081] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0082] It should be understood that various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods implementing the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0084] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A pre-cooled thermal megawatt class compressed air energy cogeneration system, characterized by, The system comprises: a multi-stage compressor, a multi-stage cooler, a multi-stage heater, a multi-stage expander and a preheater; a hot water tank, a cold water tank and a gas storage, one end of the last-stage cooler is connected with the hot water tank, the cold water tank and the gas storage respectively, the preheater is connected with the other end of the hot water tank, the cold water tank and the gas storage respectively and a first-stage heater; a high-temperature tank, a refrigerator, a heat supplier and a low-temperature tank, each cooler except the last-stage cooler and each heater are connected with the high-temperature tank and the low-temperature tank, the high-temperature tank is connected with the refrigerator, the heat supplier is connected with the high-temperature tank, the refrigerator, the heater and the low-temperature tank; a high-efficiency heat exchanger, a pre-cooler and a condenser, the high-efficiency heat exchanger comprises first to third heat exchange channels, the pre-cooler comprises fourth to sixth heat exchange channels, the first heat exchange channel is connected with the hot water tank, the second heat exchange channel inputs air, the third heat exchange channel is connected with the fifth heat exchange channel through the condenser, the fourth heat exchange channel is connected with the refrigerator, and the sixth heat exchange channel is connected with an output end of the last-stage expander; a control assembly, which is used for controlling the multi-stage compressor to work in an energy storage process, air enters the multi-stage compressor for compression through the second heat exchange channel of the high-efficiency heat exchanger, compressed air is stored in the gas storage, and heat exchange capacity after exchange through the high-efficiency heat exchanger is stored in the hot water tank; the preheater is controlled to heat compressed air in the gas storage in an energy release process, the compressed air passes through the multi-stage expander, gas after expansion of the last-stage expander enters the pre-cooler for pre-cooling, and part of cold capacity generated by the refrigerator enters the pre-cooler to supplement cold energy, so that cold storage working medium in the condenser is maintained in a target temperature range to pre-cool inlet air of the high-efficiency heat exchanger.

2. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized by, The hot water tank is connected with the last-stage cooler, the preheater and the high-efficiency heat exchanger respectively, the cold water tank is connected with the last-stage cooler and the preheater respectively, the gas storage is connected with a preheating end of the last-stage cooler and the preheater respectively, a throttling valve is connected between an output end of the gas storage and the preheater, and the control assembly controls an opening degree of the throttling valve to control compressed air flow entering the preheater.

3. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system according to claim 2, characterized by, The multi-stage compressor comprises N-stage compressors, the multi-stage cooler comprises N-stage coolers, an air suction side of an nth-stage compressor is connected with an (n-1) th-stage cooler, an air exhaust side of the nth-stage compressor is connected with an nth-stage cooler, N>n≥2; the multi-stage heater comprises M-stage heaters, the multi-stage expander comprises M-stage expanders, an air suction side of an mth-stage expander is connected with an mth-stage heater, an air exhaust side of the mth-stage expander is connected with an (m+1) th-stage heater, M>m, and N, n, m and M are all integers.

4. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system according to claim 3, characterized by, The first-stage heater is connected with the preheater.

5. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system according to claim 2, characterized by, The high-temperature tank is connected with each cooler except the last-stage cooler, the heater and the refrigerator, and the low-temperature tank is connected with each cooler except the last-stage cooler and the heat supplier.

6. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein, The control assembly comprises a controller and first to fourth control valves, the controller controls the opening degrees of the first to fourth control valves, wherein the first control valve is arranged on a pipeline between the final stage cooler and the hot water tank, the second control valve is arranged on a pipeline between the high-efficiency heat exchanger and the hot water tank, the third control valve is arranged on a pipeline between the high-efficiency heat exchanger and the condenser, and the fourth control valve is arranged on a pipeline between the refrigerating machine and the pre-cooler.

7. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system according to claim 6, characterized by, In the energy storage process, part of the high-temperature compression heat after heat exchange of the cooler is stored in the high-temperature tank, the heat storage medium in the high-temperature tank is used to heat the compressed air in the energy release process, and the heat is stored in the low-temperature tank after being released by the heat supplier, the remaining part of the high-temperature compression heat enters the refrigerating machine to perform refrigeration, provides cold energy to the outside world, and the waste heat discharged from the refrigerating machine enters the heat supplier to supply heat to the outside world or directly uses the remaining high-temperature compression heat in the high-temperature tank to supply heat to the outside world, and finally is stored in the low-temperature tank; the cooling medium in the final stage cooler absorbs the heat exchange amount and is stored in the hot water tank through the first control valve for preheating of the compressed air in the energy release process.

8. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system according to claim 7, characterized by, A first temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel, and the controller is further used for: When the first temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a first temperature threshold, the flow of the heat storage medium entering the first heat exchange channel of the high-efficiency heat exchanger is adjusted by adjusting the opening degrees of the first control valve and the second control valve, so as to heat the air before the first stage compressor and control the heat absorbed by the heat storage medium, wherein the opening degree of the first control valve is increased and the opening degree of the second control valve is decreased with the increase of the ambient temperature.

9. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system according to claim 6, characterized by, In the energy release process, the compressed air stored in the gas storage is throttled by the throttling valve and enters the preheater to be heated, the heated compressed air enters the multi-stage heater and the multi-stage expander in sequence to be heated and expanded to generate power, the heat absorbed by the preheater heat storage medium is stored in the cold water tank, and the low-temperature heat after heat exchange of the heater is stored in the low-temperature tank for next compression.

10. The pre-cooling thermal 1000 MW class compressed air energy cogeneration system according to claim 9, characterized by, A first temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the first heat exchange channel, and a second temperature sensor is arranged at the condenser, the high-efficiency heat exchanger is connected with a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is connected with a circulating pump, the circulating pump is connected with the pre-cooler, and the controller is further used for: When the first temperature sensor detects that the ambient temperature is higher than a second temperature threshold design temperature, the circulating pump is opened to let the cold storage working medium in the liquid storage tank enter the pre-cooler to exchange heat, so as to reduce the temperature of the cold storage working medium, and when the second temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the cold storage working medium in the condenser is higher than a third temperature threshold, part of the cold energy generated by the refrigerating machine enters the fourth heat exchange channel of the pre-cooler through the fourth control valve to exchange heat, the inlet flow of the fourth heat exchange channel of the pre-cooler is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the fourth control valve, and the temperature of the cold storage working medium in the condenser is maintained within a target temperature range. The third control valve is adjusted to regulate the flow of the low-temperature cold storage medium into the third heat exchange passage of the high-efficiency heat exchanger, so as to control the heat absorbed by the low-temperature cold storage medium, reduce the inlet air temperature of the first-stage compressor, and store the cold storage medium after heat exchange in the liquid accumulator for the next precooling cycle.

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