Method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of strawberries through intercropping of French marigold

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of strawberries through intercropping of maidenhair, and belongs to the technical field of planting. A method for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of strawberries through intercropping of French marigold comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a land with loose soil texture and good illumination, performing ploughing, then applying an organic fertilizer, performing uniform mixing, performing raking, and performing furrowing; (2) strawberry seedlings with 3-5 seedling plant leaves are selected to be transplanted; (3) after transplanting the strawberries, sowing maidenhair in the furrows; (4) cutting and burying after the French marigold is sown for 1.5-2 months; and (5) performing conventional field management during the planting period. According to the method, continuous cropping obstacles of the strawberries can be eliminated, the yield and quality of the strawberries are improved, the problem of diseases in the continuous cropping process of the strawberries can be effectively solved, the physicochemical property of soil can be improved, and the problems of soil hardening and nutrient imbalance caused by continuous cropping are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of planting technology, and in particular to a method for eliminating strawberry continuous cropping obstacles by intercropping marigolds. Background Technology

[0002] Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Fragaria in the family Rosaceae. Strawberry fruits are soft, juicy, skinless, and seedless, rich in nutrients, especially vitamin C, earning them the title of "Queen of Fruits." They are highly popular due to their adaptability, short growing season, early fruiting, and high economic value.

[0003] Strawberry cultivation primarily relies on greenhouse cultivation, with one crop per year. However, continuous cropping has led to increasingly severe underground pests and diseases, resulting in weakened plant growth, stunted plant development, and even plant death. Consequently, fruit quality and yield have declined. One of the main reasons hindering the sustainable development of the strawberry industry is the continuous cropping obstacle. This obstacle has become a focus of widespread attention for strawberry growers and researchers.

[0004] Currently, common methods for controlling strawberry continuous cropping obstacles include optimizing planting systems, breeding disease-resistant varieties, physical control, chemical control, and biological control. However, these methods suffer from drawbacks such as being time-consuming and labor-intensive, causing pesticide residues, easily leading to pesticide resistance, having long breeding cycles, and being expensive. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new and highly effective methods for controlling strawberry continuous cropping obstacles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for intercropping marigolds to eliminate strawberry continuous cropping obstacles, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention: a method for eliminating strawberry continuous cropping obstacles by intercropping marigolds, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Select a loose and well-lit land for tilling, then apply organic fertilizer, mix it evenly, rake it flat, and make ridges;

[0009] (2) Select strawberry seedlings with 3-5 leaves for transplanting;

[0010] (3) After transplanting strawberries, sow marigolds in the furrows;

[0011] (4) Cut and bury the marigolds 1.5 to 2 months after sowing;

[0012] (5) During the planting period, routine field management shall be carried out.

[0013] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts corn cob, 10-15 parts garlic stalk, 15-20 parts earthworm castings, 25-30 parts livestock and poultry manure, 10-15 parts mineral humic acid, 8-10 parts calcium carbonate, 1-1.5 parts Bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 part Pseudomonas fluorescens, and 1.5-2.5 parts microbial compound inoculant.

[0014] Furthermore, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0015] Mix corn cobs, garlic stalks, earthworm castings, livestock and poultry manure, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens evenly, adjust the moisture content to about 50%, and pile them up for fermentation for 35 to 40 days to obtain fermented fertilizer.

[0016] The fermented fertilizer, mineral humic acid, calcium carbonate, and microbial compound inoculant are mixed evenly to obtain the organic fertilizer.

[0017] Furthermore, the microbial compound inoculant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 3-4 parts of Trichoderma harzianum, 5-8 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2-3 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 4-6 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 3-4 parts of Paecilomyces lilacinus, 30-40 parts of sunflower straw activated carbon, 2-3 parts of dandelion powder, 5-8 parts of seaweed powder, and 8-10 parts of wheat powder.

[0018] Furthermore, the preparation method of the microbial compound inoculant includes the following steps:

[0019] Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Paecilomyces lilacinus were added to a liquid culture medium, and after cultivation, sunflower straw activated carbon was added for microbial loading. After filtration, the microbial-loaded sunflower straw activated carbon was dried at low temperature to obtain microbial-loaded sunflower straw activated carbon.

[0020] Dandelion powder, seaweed powder, and wheat powder are mixed evenly and coated onto the surface of sunflower straw activated carbon loaded with microorganisms to obtain the microbial composite inoculant.

[0021] Furthermore, the method for preparing the sunflower straw activated carbon includes the following steps:

[0022] Sunflower stalks are dried and then crushed to obtain sunflower stalk powder;

[0023] Sunflower stalk powder was added to an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide, ball-milled, and then freeze-dried to obtain an activated carbon precursor.

[0024] The activated carbon precursor was calcined under an inert atmosphere to obtain the sunflower straw activated carbon.

[0025] Bacillus subtilis can produce antimicrobial substances (such as subtilisin and polymyxin) and employ nutrient competition mechanisms to inhibit pathogen growth; Trichoderma harzianum can inhibit the germination of pathogen conidia and suppress the spread of pathogens; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can secrete antimicrobial substances to inhibit fungal diseases; Bacillus mucilaginosus can release soluble phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements, promoting root development and reducing the occurrence of diseases such as root rot; Bacillus megaterium can degrade soil organic phosphorus, improve soil fertility, and indirectly enhance crop disease resistance; Paecilomyces lilacinus can inhibit various pathogens, showing inhibitory effects on both bacterial and fungal diseases. Combining these microorganisms can suppress disease problems during continuous strawberry cropping.

[0026] A mixture of dandelion powder, seaweed powder, and wheat powder can promote the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, thus quickly exerting a disease control effect.

[0027] Loading microorganisms into activated carbon from sunflower straw can provide a sheltered environment for the microorganisms, enhance their vitality, and improve the effectiveness of disease control.

[0028] The organic fertilizer of this invention has the function of inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms in the soil of strawberry continuous cropping, the function of inducing plant resistance, and the organic fertilizer of this invention can improve the soil nutrient imbalance problem, solve the problems of soil salinization and acidification, and improve the yield and quality of strawberries.

[0029] Furthermore, the width of the raised bed surface is 55-60cm, the width of the furrow is 40-45cm, and the depth of the furrow is 30-35cm.

[0030] Furthermore, the row spacing for transplanting strawberries is 25-28cm, and the plant spacing is 18-20cm.

[0031] Furthermore, the marigold is sown in rows, with two rows of marigolds sown in each furrow.

[0032] Furthermore, the spacing between plants of the marigold is 8-10 cm, and the row spacing is 8-10 cm.

[0033] Intercropping with marigolds can improve soil microbial communities, increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic fungi, thereby reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. The root exudates of marigolds can regulate soil enzyme activity (such as urease and catalase), promoting nutrient cycling. During its growth, marigolds can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil structure, and alleviate soil compaction and nutrient imbalance caused by continuous cropping. The volatile substances released by marigolds and their root exudates can repel pests, reducing the risk of pests and diseases in continuously cropped crops.

[0034] Furthermore, the method also includes the step of spraying decomposing microorganisms after the marigolds are cut and before they are buried.

[0035] Furthermore, the decomposing microorganisms include the following components in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 4-5 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 5-6 parts of Trichoderma reesei, and 4-6 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0036] Furthermore, the amount of the decomposing microorganisms used is 150~200mL / acre.

[0037] Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma reesei, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can efficiently decompose marigolds, providing nutrients for strawberries while improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, thus increasing the yield and quality of strawberries.

[0038] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0039] The method of this invention can eliminate the obstacle of continuous cropping of strawberries and improve the yield and quality of strawberries.

[0040] The method of this invention can effectively solve the disease problems in the continuous cropping process of strawberries, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and alleviate the problems of soil compaction and nutrient imbalance caused by continuous cropping. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0043] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0044] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0045] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0046] It should be noted that any aspects not described in detail in this invention are conventional practices in the field and are not the focus of this invention.

[0047] Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Fragaria in the family Rosaceae. Strawberry fruits are soft, juicy, skinless, and seedless, rich in nutrients, especially vitamin C, earning them the title of "Queen of Fruits." They are highly popular due to their adaptability, short growing season, early fruiting, and high economic value.

[0048] Strawberry cultivation primarily relies on greenhouse cultivation, with one crop per year. However, continuous cropping has led to increasingly severe underground pests and diseases, resulting in weakened plant growth, stunted plant development, and even plant death. Consequently, fruit quality and yield have declined. One of the main reasons hindering the sustainable development of the strawberry industry is the continuous cropping obstacle. This obstacle has become a focus of widespread attention for strawberry growers and researchers.

[0049] I. The Harm of Continuous Cropping Obstacles to the Strawberry Industry

[0050] (1) Affecting strawberry growth and fruiting

[0051] Continuous cropping obstacle refers to the situation where the same or similar crops are cultivated on the same soil for consecutive years, resulting in increased pests and diseases, weakened growth, and reduced quality and yield. Continuous cropping obstacle has a significant impact on strawberry plants, with main harms including reduced leaf area, slowed growth and development, reduced plant height, changes in plant morphology, abnormal flowering, reduced yield, and decreased fruit quality. As the number of consecutive cropping years increases, the severity of soil-related continuous cropping obstacle increases, significantly inhibiting strawberry growth. In severe cases, large numbers of strawberry seedlings die, strawberry yield decreases significantly, and huge economic losses occur.

[0052] (2) Exacerbates the occurrence of strawberry diseases and pests

[0053] Continuous cultivation creates favorable conditions for the proliferation of pathogens due to the release of autotoxic substances from strawberry roots, fertilizer residues, and crop residues. These pathogens accumulate and multiply in the soil, infecting strawberry roots and leaves, leading to diseases such as anthracnose, root rot, wilt, powdery mildew, gray mold, and root-knot nematode disease. Root rot is one of the most common diseases; in the early stages, the above-ground parts of the strawberry plant show no obvious symptoms, but in severe cases, the entire plant wilts and dies. Strawberry root-knot nematodes also cause serious problems in continuously cropped soils. Nematode eggs overwinter in the soil and become active when the temperature inside the greenhouse is suitable, infecting the plants. Studies by Zhen Wenchao et al. found that the disease index of strawberries grown for two consecutive years was twice that of the first crop, with increased plant mortality and decreased yield. Major insect pests affecting strawberries include aphids, spider mites, and beet armyworms, with aphids and spider mites being the most prevalent. Soil-borne diseases and pests seriously affect the normal growth of strawberries, and can even lead to plant death, resulting in a decline in yield and quality.

[0054] II. Causes of Continuous Cropping Obstacles

[0055] (1) Soil nutrient imbalance

[0056] The overuse and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides leads to excessive accumulation and imbalance of soil nutrients, resulting in weakened antagonistic effects between elements and an imbalance in the ratio of nutrient elements. Imbalance in soil elements can cause deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, poor strawberry growth, and nutrient deficiency symptoms, ultimately leading to a decline in strawberry yield and quality.

[0057] (2) The soil is severely salinized and acidified.

[0058] Because greenhouse soil does not receive rainwater leaching, the natural water balance is disrupted. Combined with the higher temperature inside the greenhouse compared to outdoors, increased soil evaporation leads to a large accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the soil surface, resulting in severe soil acidification and salinization. Gao Yajuan et al. found that strawberry soils cultivated for 2-4 consecutive years showed significant acidification and increased salt content, especially potassium, calcium, nitrate, and sulfate ions. Soil salinization weakens microbial activity and reduces the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis, decomposition, hydrolysis, and transformation of humus, plant matter, and other substances in the soil. This decreased enzyme activity affects the conversion of substances in the strawberry rhizosphere, thus impacting nutrient absorption.

[0059] (3) Increased autotoxins in strawberry roots

[0060] Autotoxicity refers to the phenomenon where substances secreted by plant roots and produced through other pathways inhibit the growth of seedlings or seedlings of the next crop of the same plant. The autotoxic allelochemicals secreted by strawberries are mainly phenolic acids (cinnamic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, etc.). These autotoxic allelochemicals not only inhibit the growth of strawberries but also contribute to the harmful effects of other pathogenic microorganisms on the plant.

[0061] (4) The soil microbial community structure is destroyed.

[0062] With increasing years of continuous cropping, the beneficial and pathogenic microbial communities in the soil change, with beneficial bacteria decreasing and harmful bacteria increasing. Most strawberry diseases are fungal diseases. The main fungi in strawberry continuously cropped soils are *C. gloeospo*, *Fusarium oxysporum*, *Cladosporium cladosporioides*, and *Penicillium purpurogenum*. These fungi are the main causes of strawberry anthracnose, wilt, and gray mold.

[0063] III. Control methods for strawberry continuous cropping obstacles

[0064] (1) Optimize the planting system

[0065] Crop rotation: Crop rotation refers to planting different crops on the same piece of land in rotation. Crop rotation can reduce soil salinity and prevent secondary soil salinization. Xu Shunfei's research found that after rotating strawberries and aquatic vegetables, the incidence of pests and diseases in the next strawberry crop decreased by 7.5%, and the yield increased by 9.67%.

[0066] Intercropping: Intercropping refers to the planting method of alternating two or more crops with similar growth periods on the same piece of land.

[0067] Soilless cultivation: Soilless strawberry cultivation refers to the cultivation of strawberries without soil, isolating them from soil-borne pests and diseases, reducing pesticide use, and promoting healthy, green growth. Common soilless cultivation methods include substrate cultivation, hydroponics, and aeroponics. The most common substrate cultivation method is elevated substrate cultivation. This method uses substrate and nutrient solution to cultivate strawberries, allowing the plants to grow without contact with soil, thus effectively preventing soil-borne diseases. Hydroponics involves laying PVC pipes and planting strawberries in small holes within the pipes. The pipes contain nutrient solution, which is pumped through the pipes and back to a nutrient solution tank. This method produces high-quality, healthy, and pollution-free strawberries, meeting the current consumer demand for green and healthy food. Aeroponics uses high-density foam boards as a carrier, spraying nutrient solution evenly onto the strawberry roots through aerosol nozzles. However, due to high costs and technical requirements, it is not yet widely available.

[0068] (2) Chemical control

[0069] Chemical disinfection methods are fast-acting and easy to use. Field trials in Spanish strawberry production have shown that 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin, dimethyl sulfide + chloropicrin, and methyl bromide + chloropicrin are effective against soil-borne diseases and nematodes in strawberries, increasing yield and growth. Some soil fumigants are also low in toxicity and have less environmental impact. Dazomet, as a low-toxicity, highly effective disinfectant with minimal environmental pollution, is widely used. While chemical disinfection methods are fast-acting and easy to use, prolonged use can lead to accumulation in the soil, causing pollution and harm to the environment.

[0070] (3) Physical prevention and control

[0071] Solar-powered high-temperature sterilization: Solar-powered high-temperature sterilization is a soil physical sterilization method that has emerged in recent years. It is a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method. Solar-powered high-temperature sterilization requires prior irrigation, application of unfermented organic fertilizer, and mulching. In a closed, high-temperature and high-humidity environment, vigorous microbial metabolism leads to oxygen reduction, causing some aerobic pathogens to die. Some weeds and nematodes in the soil also lose their activity under high temperature and humidity. In production, solar-powered high-temperature sterilization is generally combined with chemical disinfectants and microbial agents to achieve a comprehensive pest control effect.

[0072] Other physical methods: In addition to solar high-temperature disinfection, there are steam disinfection, hot water disinfection, soil circulation disinfection, flame disinfection, ozone disinfection and radiofrequency disinfection, but these are rarely used in production due to limitations in technology and cost.

[0073] (4) Breeding disease-resistant varieties

[0074] Breeding disease-resistant strawberry varieties is one of the most effective and direct methods for controlling strawberry diseases. Related research indicates that significant progress has been made in breeding strawberry varieties resistant to powdery mildew, anthracnose, and viral diseases.

[0075] (5) Biological control

[0076] Biocontrol: Biocontrol involves culturing specific pathogens and introducing them into continuously cropped soil. This primarily reduces the survival rate of pathogens through competition, parasitism, and other means between the specific pathogens and the pathogenic bacteria. This novel biocontrol method has already shown significant effectiveness on some crops. Studies have shown that actinomycete preparations Act11 and Act12 can inhibit pathogen growth and alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.

[0077] In summary, although some progress has been made in the prevention and control of strawberry continuous cropping diseases in recent years, the following problems still exist: (1) Using methods such as optimized planting system and physical control to prevent and control strawberry continuous cropping diseases is time-consuming and labor-intensive. (2) The problem with chemical control is that the soil adsorbs and migrates pesticides, and the soil microorganisms degrade pesticides, which seriously affects the efficacy of chemical pesticides. If they are used excessively, they will not only affect the growth of strawberries, increase the amount of pesticide residues in strawberry fruits, inhibit the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, but also pollute the environment and cause pathogens to develop drug resistance. In particular, once some pests and diseases develop resistance to certain pesticides, once the disease occurs, people will not be able to control it, and the result is often devastating. (3) The breeding cycle of disease-resistant varieties is long, and long-term planting can easily lead to the loss of resistance. (4) Although biological control can effectively alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping, in actual production, the microbial agent industry lacks obvious standards, resulting in a mixed market, and the price of high-quality microbial fertilizer is relatively expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to explore more cost-effective measures to alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping.

[0078] The microorganisms used in the specific embodiments of this invention were all purchased from the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center.

[0079] The product codes for the following products are as follows: Bacillus subtilis (CICC 10262); Trichoderma harzianum (CICC 13056); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CICC 20198); Bacillus mucilaginosus (CICC 21699); Bacillus megaterium (CICC 20167); Paecilomyces lilacinus (CICC 40276); Pseudomonas fluorescens (CICC 23251); Trichoderma reesei (CICC 41027); and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CICC1288).

[0080] The preparation methods of Bacillus subtilis culture, Trichoderma harzianum culture, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens culture, Bacillus mucilaginosus culture, Bacillus megaterium culture, Paecilomyces lilacinus culture, Pseudomonas fluorescens culture, Trichoderma reesei culture, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture used in the specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0081] Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma reesei, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were inoculated into liquid culture medium, activated, and then fermented. The effective viable counts were 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 ~1.0×10 9CFU / mL of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma reesei, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0082] The liquid culture medium is the culture medium recommended by the China Industrial Microbial Culture Collection Center or a commonly used culture medium.

[0083] The method for preparing dandelion powder in a specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows: take dandelion plants (excluding roots), dry them, and then pulverize them to 200 mesh to obtain dandelion powder.

[0084] The method for preparing seaweed powder in a specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows: take fresh kelp, dry it, and then pulverize it to 200 mesh to obtain seaweed powder.

[0085] The method for preparing wheat powder in a specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows: wheat seeds are crushed to 100 mesh to obtain wheat powder.

[0086] The method for preparing garlic powder in a specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows: take fresh garlic, dry it, and then pulverize it to 200 mesh to obtain garlic powder.

[0087] The preparation method of marigold straw powder used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows: take marigold straw, dry it, and then pulverize it to 100 mesh to obtain marigold straw powder.

[0088] In the specific embodiments of this invention, "parts" refers to "parts by mass".

[0089] In the specific embodiments of this invention, strawberry cultivation is carried out in greenhouses.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] A method for intercropping marigolds to eliminate strawberry continuous cropping obstacles:

[0092] (1) Select land with loose soil and good sunlight (area of ​​300cm²). 2 After 5 years of continuous strawberry planting, the soil is tilled (tilling depth is 30cm), then organic fertilizer is applied (at a rate of 500kg / mu), mixed evenly, and then leveled. Beds are made (bed width is 60cm, bed furrow width is 40cm, and bed furrow depth is 30cm), and then covered with mulch.

[0093] The preparation method of organic fertilizer is as follows:

[0094] A. Organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts corn cob (approximately 1.5cm in length, approximately 10% moisture content), 15 parts garlic stalks (approximately 1cm in length, approximately 10% moisture content), 18 parts earthworm castings (on a dry matter basis), 25 parts livestock and poultry manure (on a dry matter basis, chicken manure), 12 parts mineral-derived humic acid (i.e., mineral-derived potassium fulvate, purchased from Shandong Yimutian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), 10 parts calcium carbonate, and Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 8 1.3 portions of *Pseudomonas fluorescens* bacterial suspension (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were prepared. 8 One part of (cfu / mL) and two parts of microbial compound inoculant.

[0095] B. Microbial compound inoculant, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution (effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 8 6 portions of Trichoderma harzianum solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) 8 Four samples of *CFU / mL* and *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* bacterial suspension (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were prepared. 8 Six samples of CFU / mL and six samples of gelatinous Bacillus bacterial suspension (effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were tested. 8 Three samples of CFU / mL and Bacillus megaterium bacterial suspension (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were prepared. 8 Four samples of *Paecilomyces lilacinus* solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / mL) and four samples of *Paecilomyces lilacinus* solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / mL). 8 3 parts (cfu / mL), 35 parts sunflower straw activated carbon, 3 parts dandelion powder, 8 parts seaweed powder, and 10 parts wheat powder.

[0096] C. Preparation method of sunflower straw activated carbon:

[0097] Sunflower stalks are dried and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain sunflower stalk powder;

[0098] Sunflower stalk powder was added to an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide (potassium carbonate mass fraction of 4% and potassium hydroxide mass fraction of 6%) at a ratio of 1g:10mL, and then ball-milled in a ball mill for 2 hours and freeze-dried (-80℃) to obtain activated carbon precursor.

[0099] The activated carbon precursor was calcined under a nitrogen atmosphere (800℃, 2h) to obtain sunflower straw activated carbon.

[0100] D. Preparation method of microbial compound inoculant: Bacillus subtilis inoculant, Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant, Bacillus colloidis inoculant, Bacillus megaterium inoculant, and Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant are mixed evenly to obtain a mixed inoculant;

[0101] Mix the bacterial culture and LB liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1:10, and incubate in a shaker (200 r / min) at 25℃ for 8 h. Then add sunflower straw activated carbon and continue to incubate in a shaker (200 r / min) at 25℃ for 24 h. After filtration, dry at low temperature (40℃) to obtain sunflower straw activated carbon loaded with microorganisms.

[0102] After mixing dandelion powder, seaweed powder, and wheat powder evenly, add sunflower straw activated carbon loaded with microorganisms, and spray with a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 1 wt.%, so that the dandelion powder, seaweed powder, and wheat powder are coated on the surface of the sunflower straw activated carbon loaded with microorganisms, thus obtaining a microbial compound inoculant.

[0103] E. Methods for preparing organic fertilizer:

[0104] Mix corn cobs, garlic stalks, earthworm castings, livestock and poultry manure, Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial solution evenly, adjust the moisture content to about 50%, pile them into a fermentation pile with a length of 3m, a width of 2m and a height of 1m, and ferment for 35 days (turning the pile once every 7 days during the fermentation period) to obtain fermented fertilizer.

[0105] Organic fertilizer is obtained by mixing fermented fertilizer, mineral humic acid, calcium carbonate and microbial compound inoculant evenly.

[0106] (2) After 7 days of covering with film, select strawberry seedlings (variety Hongyan) with 3-5 leaves for transplanting. The row spacing for transplanting is 25cm and the plant spacing is 20cm.

[0107] (3) After transplanting strawberries, marigolds are sown in the furrows. The marigolds are sown in rows, with two rows of marigolds sown in each furrow. The spacing between plants is 8 cm and the spacing between rows is 10 cm.

[0108] (4) Cut the marigold 1.5 months after sowing and bury it (burying depth is 5cm).

[0109] (5) During the planting period, routine field management shall be carried out.

[0110] Example 2

[0111] A method for intercropping marigolds to eliminate strawberry continuous cropping obstacles:

[0112] (1) Select land with loose soil and good sunlight (area of ​​300cm²). 2 After continuously planting strawberries for 5 years, the soil is turned over (turning depth is 35cm), then organic fertilizer is applied (at a rate of 500kg / mu), mixed evenly, and then leveled. Beds are made (bed width is 55cm, bed furrow width is 45cm, and bed furrow depth is 35cm), and then covered with mulch.

[0113] The preparation method of organic fertilizer is as follows:

[0114] A. Organic fertilizer, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts corn cob (approximately 1.5cm in length, approximately 10% moisture content), 10 parts garlic stalks (approximately 1cm in length, approximately 10% moisture content), 15 parts earthworm castings (on a dry matter basis), 30 parts livestock and poultry manure (on a dry matter basis, chicken manure), 15 parts mineral-derived humic acid (i.e., mineral-derived potassium fulvate, purchased from Shandong Yimutian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), 8 parts calcium carbonate, and Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 8 1.5 portions of *Pseudomonas fluorescens* bacterial suspension (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were prepared. 8 0.5 parts of cfu / mL and 1.5 parts of microbial compound inoculant.

[0115] B. Microbial compound inoculant, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution (effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 8 Five samples of Trichoderma harzianum solution (cfu / mL) and one sample of Trichoderma harzianum solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were prepared. 8 Four samples of *CFU / mL* and *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* bacterial suspension (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were prepared. 8 Eight samples of CFU / mL and 8 samples of gelatinous Bacillus bacterial suspension (effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were tested. 8 Two samples of CFU / mL and Bacillus megaterium bacterial suspension (effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ cells / mL) were prepared. 8 Six samples of *Paecilomyces lilacinus* solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / mL) and six samples of *Paecilomyces lilacinus* solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ CFU / mL). 8 4 parts (cfu / mL), 40 parts sunflower straw activated carbon, 2 parts dandelion powder, 5 parts seaweed powder, and 8 parts wheat powder.

[0116] C. Preparation method of sunflower straw activated carbon:

[0117] Sunflower stalks are dried and then pulverized to 100 mesh to obtain sunflower stalk powder;

[0118] Sunflower stalk powder was added to an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide (potassium carbonate mass fraction of 4% and potassium hydroxide mass fraction of 6%) at a ratio of 1g:10mL, and then ball-milled in a ball mill for 2 hours and freeze-dried (-80℃) to obtain activated carbon precursor.

[0119] The activated carbon precursor was calcined under a nitrogen atmosphere (800℃, 2h) to obtain sunflower straw activated carbon.

[0120] D. Preparation method of microbial compound inoculant: Bacillus subtilis inoculant, Trichoderma harzianum inoculant, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant, Bacillus colloidis inoculant, Bacillus megaterium inoculant, and Paecilomyces lilacinus inoculant are mixed evenly to obtain a mixed inoculant;

[0121] Mix the bacterial culture and LB liquid culture medium at a volume ratio of 1:10, and incubate in a shaker (200 r / min) at 25℃ for 8 h. Then add sunflower straw activated carbon and continue to incubate in a shaker (200 r / min) at 25℃ for 24 h. After filtration, dry at low temperature (40℃) to obtain sunflower straw activated carbon loaded with microorganisms.

[0122] After mixing dandelion powder, seaweed powder, and wheat powder evenly, add sunflower straw activated carbon loaded with microorganisms, and spray with a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 1 wt.%, so that the dandelion powder, seaweed powder, and wheat powder are coated on the surface of the sunflower straw activated carbon loaded with microorganisms, thus obtaining a microbial compound inoculant.

[0123] E. Methods for preparing organic fertilizer:

[0124] Mix corn cobs, garlic stalks, earthworm castings, livestock and poultry manure, Bacillus subtilis bacterial solution and Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial solution evenly, adjust the moisture content to about 50%, pile them into a fermentation pile with a length of 3m, a width of 2m and a height of 1m, and ferment for 40 days (turning the pile once every 7 days during the fermentation period) to obtain fermented fertilizer.

[0125] Organic fertilizer is obtained by mixing fermented fertilizer, mineral humic acid, calcium carbonate and microbial compound inoculant evenly.

[0126] (2) After 7 days of covering with film, select strawberry seedlings (variety Hongyan) with 3-5 leaves for transplanting. The row spacing for transplanting is 28cm and the plant spacing is 18cm.

[0127] (3) After transplanting strawberries, marigolds are sown in the furrows. The marigolds are sown in rows, with two rows of marigolds sown in each furrow. The spacing between plants is 10cm and the spacing between rows is 8cm.

[0128] (4) Cut the marigolds 2 months after sowing and bury them (burying depth is 5cm).

[0129] (5) During the planting period, routine field management shall be carried out.

[0130] Example 3

[0131] Same as Example 1, except that before burying the marigolds after cutting, an aqueous solution of decomposing microorganisms is sprayed on the marigolds. The amount of the aqueous solution of decomposing microorganisms is 30L / mu, and the amount of decomposing microorganisms is 200mL / mu.

[0132] The decomposing microorganisms consist of the following components in parts by weight: Bacillus subtilis bacterial suspension (effective viable count of 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 8 8 samples of *CFU / mL* and *Pseudomonas fluorescens* bacterial suspension (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were tested. 8 Four samples of *Trichoderma reesei* solution (cfu / mL) and four samples of *Trichoderma reesei* solution (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶). 8 Six portions of (cfu / mL) and *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* culture (effective viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) were tested. 8 Four samples (cfu / mL).

[0133] Comparative Example 1

[0134] Same as Example 1, except that marigolds are sown instead of marigolds.

[0135] Comparative Example 2

[0136] Same as Example 1, except that the corn cobs in the organic fertilizer are replaced with rice straw (about 1.5cm in length and about 10% moisture content), and the garlic straw is replaced with soybean straw (about 1cm in length and about 10% moisture content).

[0137] Comparative Example 3

[0138] Same as Example 1, except that the organic fertilizer does not contain mineral humic acid.

[0139] Comparative Example 4

[0140] Same as Example 1, except that the preparation method of the microbial compound agent is as follows: Bacillus subtilis liquid, Trichoderma harzianum liquid, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, Bacillus gelatinosa liquid, Bacillus megaterium liquid, Paecilomyces lilacinus liquid, sunflower straw activated carbon, dandelion powder, seaweed powder and wheat powder are mixed evenly to obtain the microbial compound agent.

[0141] Comparative Example 5

[0142] Same as Example 1, except that the microbial compound agent does not contain Trichoderma harzianum liquid, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, or Bacillus jellyoides liquid.

[0143] Comparative Example 6

[0144] Same as Example 1, except that the dandelion powder in the microbial compound inoculant is replaced with garlic powder, and the seaweed powder is replaced with marigold straw powder.

[0145] Example 1

[0146] After the strawberry harvest, the annual strawberry yield was counted and calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0147] Table 1 Annual strawberry yield

[0148] Grouping Annual yield (kg / mu) Example 1 2654 Example 2 2638 Example 3 2759 Comparative Example 1 2602 Comparative Example 2 2593 Comparative Example 3 2605 Comparative Example 4 2534 Comparative Example 5 2571 Comparative Example 6 2597

[0149] During the peak fruiting period of strawberries, 10 mature fruits (fresh fruits) without mechanical damage or pests were randomly selected from each treatment plot to determine the content of soluble solids, soluble sugars, titratable acids, and vitamin C. The content of soluble solids in the fruit was determined using a portable digital refractometer, the content of soluble sugars and vitamin C was determined using a kit, and the content of titratable acids was determined using the NaOH titration method. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0150] Table 2. Quality of Strawberries

[0151] Grouping Soluble solids content (wt.%) Soluble sugar content (mg / g) Titratable acid content (wt.%) Vitamin C content (mg / g) Example 1 13.2 136 0.21 0.96 Example 2 13.0 132 0.22 0.92 Example 3 13.5 142 0.18 1.02 Comparative Example 1 12.3 125 0.24 0.88 Comparative Example 2 12.5 128 0.23 0.89 Comparative Example 3 12.7 123 0.25 0.87 Comparative Example 4 12.1 118 0.31 0.82 Comparative Example 5 12.6 121 0.24 0.85 Comparative Example 6 12.7 126 0.25 0.84

[0152] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of eliminating the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle by interplanting amaranth, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a land with loose soil and good light to be turned over, then applying organic fertilizer, mixing and raking, making a ridge; (2) selecting strawberry seedlings with 3-5 leaf blades to be transplanted; (3) sowing ambrosia after strawberry transplanting in the ridge ditch; (4) mowing and burying after 1.5-2 months of ambrosia sowing; (5) performing routine field management during planting.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in mass fraction: corn cob 40-50 parts, garlic straw 10-15 parts, earthworm manure 15-20 parts, livestock and poultry manure 25-30 parts, mineral humic acid 10-15 parts, calcium carbonate 8-10 parts, bacillus subtilis 1-1.5 parts, pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5-1 part and microbial compound microbial agent 1.5-2.5 parts.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The microbial compound microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in mass fraction: bacillus subtilis 5-6 parts, trichoderma harzianum 3-4 parts, bacillus amyloliquefaciens 5-8 parts, bacillus mycoides 2-3 parts, bacillus megaterium 4-6 parts, paecilomyces lilacinus 3-4 parts, sunflower straw activated carbon 30-40 parts, dandelion powder 2-3 parts, seaweed powder 5-8 parts and wheat powder 8-10 parts.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The width of the ridge is 55-60 cm, the width of the ridge ditch is 40-45 cm, and the depth of the ridge ditch is 30-35 cm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The transplanting row spacing of the strawberry is 25-28 cm, and the plant spacing is 18-20 cm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The sowing method of the ambrosia is strip sowing, and two rows of ambrosia are sown in each ridge ditch.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The plant spacing of the ambrosia is 8-10 cm, and the row spacing is 8-10 cm.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, It further comprises the step of spraying decomposing microorganisms before burying after mowing the ambrosia.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, The decomposing microorganisms comprise the following components in mass fraction: bacillus subtilis 8-10 parts, pseudomonas fluorescens 4-5 parts, trichoderma reesei 5-6 parts and saccharomyces cerevisiae 4-6 parts.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein, The dosage of the decomposing microorganisms is 150-200 mL / acre.