Tube electrolyzer with a bad tube detection system and a method for detecting a bad tube thereof

Abstract

The application provides a tubular electrolytic cell with a bad tube detection system and a bad tube detection method thereof, and comprises a tubular electrolytic cell body, a detection system and a data processing and early warning module; the application innovatively combines a modular membrane electrode tube structure with a multi-parameter monitoring system, and through careful selection and arrangement optimization of sensors, both monitoring effect and engineering feasibility are ensured, so that the application of the tubular electrolytic cell in large-scale green hydrogen production has a solid technical foundation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and particularly relates to a tubular electrolytic cell with a bad tube detection system and a bad tube detection method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] As the core link of the green energy system, the reliability of the equipment for hydrogen production by water electrolysis is directly related to the commercialization process of the hydrogen energy industry. The current mainstream electrolytic cell technology generally adopts a plate type or stacked type structure, which faces challenges of efficiency decay and safety in long-term operation. In particular, as the capacity of the electrolytic cell continues to expand, the limitations of the traditional structure are increasingly highlighted: the linear growth of the equipment volume and hydrogen production capacity leads to excessive land occupation, single component failure often causes system shutdown, and maintenance costs are high. These structural problems seriously restrict the large-scale application of the hydrogen production by water electrolysis technology.

[0003] The tubular electrolytic cell appeared in recent years provides a new idea for the development of the industry through a unique geometric design. Compared with the traditional plate type structure, the tubular design naturally has a larger specific surface area and better fluid dynamics characteristics, but there are still obvious defects in actual application. The existing tubular electrolytic cell mostly adopts a simple tubular structure, has low integration of the membrane electrode, insufficient sealing performance, and difficult to achieve ideal gas separation efficiency. More seriously, the existing technology lacks effective single tube level monitoring means, and cannot timely identify local faults, which poses a safety hazard. This monitoring blind area makes it difficult to accurately control the running state of the equipment, and the fault early warning capability is seriously insufficient.

[0004] In terms of monitoring technology, the existing solutions are seriously out of line with the structural characteristics of the tubular electrolytic cell. The traditional monitoring system is mainly developed for the plate type structure, and its sensor arrangement scheme and data interpretation model cannot adapt to the radial characteristics of the tubular structure. The AEM water electrolysis monitoring system can collect multi-source data, but only focuses on the overall parameter changes; the PEM test system is based on the early warning model developed for the plate type electrode, which is inconsistent with the operating characteristics of the tubular electrolytic cell; the pressure test device can only perform periodic detection and cannot realize real-time monitoring. This technical mismatch causes deviation between the monitoring data and the actual running state, which seriously affects the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

[0005] Safety problems have always been a key factor restricting the development of electrolytic cell technology. The existing tubular electrolytic cell mainly relies on passive safety design, such as strengthening the sealing and increasing the safety distance, and has insufficient prevention ability for gradual faults. In particular, in large-scale application scenarios, the risk of hydrogen and oxygen mixing increases with the expansion of the equipment scale, and the traditional safety mechanism is not up to the task. The industry urgently needs an innovative solution that can achieve early warning and active protection, moving the safety line from "after-the-fact remedy" to "pre-emptive prevention".

[0006] With the rapid development of renewable energy, water electrolysis hydrogen production technology faces new challenges. The response speed and operation stability of electrolytic cell to fluctuating power input require higher requirements, while the existing technology has obvious shortcomings in adapting to intermittent operation. At the same time, the digital and intelligent wave brings new opportunities for the upgrading of electrolytic cell technology. By deeply integrating advanced sensing technology, big data analysis and new electrolytic cell structure, it is expected to break through the traditional technical bottleneck and open up a new path for the development of water electrolysis hydrogen production technology. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the current water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, the purpose of the present application is to provide a tubular electrolyzer with a bad tube detection system and a bad tube detection method thereof, which innovatively combines modular membrane electrode tube structure with multi-parameter monitoring system, and optimizes the selection and arrangement of sensors, ensuring monitoring effect and engineering feasibility, so that the application of tubular electrolyzer in large-scale green hydrogen production has a solid technical foundation.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0009] The first aspect of the present application is to provide a tubular electrolyzer with a bad tube detection system, comprising

[0010] The tubular electrolyzer body comprises a shell, tube plates arranged at both ends of the shell, and a tube bundle composed of a plurality of parallel membrane electrode tubes arranged inside the shell. The tube plates are provided with through holes matched with the membrane electrode tubes for fixing and supporting the membrane electrode tubes. The membrane electrode tube is a hollow integrated structure composed of a tubular diaphragm, a tube-in electrode arranged on the inner surface of the tubular diaphragm, and a tube-out electrode arranged on the outer surface of the tubular diaphragm. The tube-in electrodes of each membrane electrode tube are uniformly used as anodes or cathodes, and the tube-out electrodes are uniformly used as cathodes or anodes opposite to the tube-in electrodes. The tube-in of the membrane electrode tube forms a tube passage, and the tube-out forms a shell passage with the inner wall of the shell and the tube plate. The two passages are isolated by the tubular diaphragm and the tube plate. The shell is provided with a total tube passage inlet and outlet on the tube side, and a total shell passage inlet and outlet on the shell side.

[0011] The detection system comprises: a pressure monitoring module configured to collect pressure data at the inlet and outlet of the total tube passage and total shell passage, and collect pressure data of the single tube tube side and shell side corresponding to each membrane electrode tube; a temperature monitoring module configured to collect temperature data at the inlet and outlet of the total tube passage and total shell passage, and collect temperature data of the single tube tube side and shell side corresponding to each membrane electrode tube; a voltage monitoring module configured to collect the terminal voltage of each membrane electrode tube and the total voltage of the tubular electrolyzer.

[0012] A data processing and early warning module is in communication with the detection system to receive the pressure, temperature and voltage data and implement bad tube determination and early warning.

[0013] Further, the pressure monitoring module includes: a first pressure sensor disposed at the inlet of the total tube channel, the inlet of the total shell channel, the outlet of the total tube channel and the outlet of the total shell channel, and 10-20 cm away from the corresponding flange mounting position; a second pressure sensor disposed on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube, 3-7 cm away from the single tube channel inlet; and a third pressure sensor disposed on the inner wall of the shell, 3-7 cm away from the starting end of the corresponding shell region of each membrane electrode tube single tube.

[0014] Further, the first pressure sensor is a diffused silicon type with an accuracy of 0.5% FS and is connected by threads; the second and third pressure sensors are micro piezoresistive types with an accuracy of 1% FS and are fixed by welding.

[0015] Further, the temperature monitoring module includes: a first temperature sensor disposed at the inlet of the total tube channel, the inlet of the total shell channel, the outlet of the total tube channel and the outlet of the total shell channel, and 10-20 cm away from the corresponding flange mounting position, the accuracy of the first temperature sensor is not less than ±0.1℃, the measurement range is -50-200℃, and the probe is inserted into the radial center position of the pipeline; a second temperature sensor disposed on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube, 10-15 cm away from the single tube channel inlet, the probe of the second temperature sensor is inserted into the inner wall of the membrane electrode tube by 5-8 mm and directly contacts with the tube channel gas product; and a third temperature sensor disposed on the inner wall of the shell, 10-15 cm away from the starting end of the corresponding shell region of each membrane electrode tube single tube, the probe of the third temperature sensor is closely attached to the outer wall of the membrane electrode tube.

[0016] Further, the first temperature sensor is a PT100 thermal resistor and is installed by insertion; the second and third temperature sensors are K-type thermocouples with a measurement range of 0-300℃, and are installed by welding or an adaptive fixing structure without damaging the electrode structure of the integrated membrane electrode tube during installation.

[0017] Further, the upper side of the shell is provided with a total cathode busbar, and the lower side is provided with a total anode busbar, the total cathode busbar and the total anode busbar are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the shell, and the vertical distance between each of the two and the end of the membrane electrode tube is 10-20 mm to avoid interference with the fluid flow in the shell channel; the voltage monitoring module includes:

[0018] A set of voltage measurement points, including a single tube voltage measurement point provided for each membrane electrode tube, and a total voltage measurement point connected between the total cathode busbar and the total anode busbar of the system.

[0019] a signal acquisition unit comprising at least one first high-precision digital voltmeter in communication connection with all the single-tube voltage measurement points, and a second high-precision digital voltmeter in communication connection with the total voltage measurement point;

[0020] wherein the first high-precision digital voltmeter and the second high-precision digital voltmeter both have a precision of 0.01% FS.

[0021] Further, the single-tube voltage measurement point provided for each membrane electrode tube comprises a tube-in electrode measurement point and a tube-out electrode measurement point; the tube-in electrode measurement point is arranged on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube, and is 5-15 cm away from the tube passage inlet of the membrane electrode tube; the tube-out electrode measurement point is arranged on the outer wall of each membrane electrode tube, and is 5-15 cm away from the starting end of the single-tube corresponding shell passage area of the membrane electrode tube.

[0022] The second aspect of the present application provides a bad tube detection method for the above-mentioned tubular electrolytic cell with a bad tube detection system, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. System initialization and parameter setting: calibrate each sensor, set the data sampling frequency and preset the determination threshold through the data processing and early warning module;

[0024] S2. Data acquisition: synchronously acquire pressure, temperature and voltage data, including the pressure and temperature at the total tube passage inlet, the total tube passage outlet, the total shell passage inlet, the total shell passage outlet, the pressure and temperature on the single tube passage side of each membrane electrode tube, the pressure and temperature on the shell side of each membrane electrode tube, the end voltage of each membrane electrode tube and the total voltage of the tubular electrolytic cell;

[0025] S3. Data processing and characteristic quantity calculation: based on the acquired data, calculate the total pressure difference ΔP 总 , the single tube pressure difference ΔP i , the total temperature difference ΔT 总 , the single tube temperature difference ΔT i , the system voltage imbalance degree δU and the single tube voltage relative deviation ηU i ;

[0026] S4. Bad tube determination: compare the calculation results obtained in step S3 with the preset determination threshold in step S1 to determine the fault tube;

[0027] S5. Early warning output: according to the determination result of step S4, output an early warning signal containing the fault tube position and abnormal parameter information.

[0028] Further, in the step S1, the preset determination threshold includes a first preset threshold set and a second preset threshold set; the first preset threshold set includes a total pressure difference fluctuation threshold, a total temperature difference fluctuation threshold and a system voltage imbalance degree threshold; the second preset threshold set includes a single tube pressure difference fluctuation threshold, a single tube temperature difference fluctuation threshold and a single tube voltage relative deviation threshold.

[0029] Further, in the step S1, the sampling frequency is set by the data processing and early warning module: the pressure data is collected at a sampling frequency of 0.01-20 Hz, preferably 1 Hz; the temperature data is collected at a sampling frequency of 0.01-17 Hz, preferably 1 Hz; and the voltage data is collected at a sampling frequency of 0.01-12 Hz, preferably 1 Hz.

[0030] Further, in the step S4, the bad tube determination process includes

[0031] S41. Overall fault judgment: comparing the total pressure difference ΔP calculated in the step S3, the total temperature difference ΔT, the system voltage imbalance degree δU with the first preset threshold set, when any one of the total pressure difference ΔP, the total temperature difference ΔT and the system voltage imbalance degree δU has a continuous 3 times sampling value exceeding the corresponding threshold in the first preset threshold set, or two or more parameters have sampling values exceeding the corresponding thresholds in the first preset threshold set at the same time, it is determined that there is a fault tube affecting the overall operation; 总 总 总 总

[0032] S42. Single tube fault positioning: comparing the single tube pressure difference ΔP calculated in the step S3, the single tube temperature difference ΔT, the single tube voltage relative deviation ηU with the second preset threshold set, when any one of the single tube pressure difference ΔP, the single tube temperature difference ΔT and the single tube voltage relative deviation ηU corresponding to any membrane electrode tube has a continuous 3 times sampling value exceeding the corresponding threshold in the second preset threshold set, or two or more parameters have sampling values exceeding the corresponding thresholds in the second preset threshold set at the same time, it is determined that the membrane electrode tube is a fault tube. i i i i i i

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] ​​​​​​​​​​1. Precise positioning, breakthrough: By distributing multiple types of sensors on each membrane electrode tube, combined with the unique single-tube pressure difference and single-tube temperature difference analysis, the invention first realizes the precise positioning of specific fault tubes in a large tube bundle, solving the problem of traditional methods that can only alarm as a whole and cannot be positioned.

[0035] 2. Multi-dimensional diagnosis, reliable and accurate: Fusion of pressure, temperature, and voltage three types of physical parameters for cross verification and joint diagnosis, a multi-dimensional fault recognition model is constructed, which fundamentally avoids the limitations of single parameter monitoring, reduces false alarm rate and missed alarm rate to the minimum, and has high reliability.

[0036] 3. Real-time online, intelligent and efficient: The system can run online and in real time without the need for shutdown and disassembly inspection. Through intelligent early warning logic (such as continuous / multiple parameter overrun), it can automatically identify and warn faults, greatly improving the operation and maintenance efficiency, and realizing the leap from planned maintenance to predictive maintenance.

[0037] 4. Deep integration, synergistic optimization: The detection system is deeply coupled with the electrolytic cell body structure, and the sensor selection and layout are specially optimized for tubular structure, which maximizes the reduction of interference on fluid distribution and electrode performance while obtaining accurate signals, achieving the best balance between detection performance and electrolytic cell body efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a tubular electrolytic cell in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0039] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an integrated membrane electrode tube of the present application.

[0040] In the figure: 10 - shell; 11 - tube-side electrolyte inlet; 12 - shell-side electrolyte inlet; 13 - tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet; 14 - shell-side gas-liquid mixture outlet; 15 - external power supply interface; 16 - internal power supply interface; 17 - lifting lug; 18 - overflow port; 19 - head; 110 - support; 111 - insulating tube plate;

[0041] 20 - membrane electrode tube; 21 - internal electrode; 22 - tubular diaphragm; 23 - external electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present application will be further described below by specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application and not to limit the scope of the present application.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] 1.1, New tubular electrolytic cell

[0045] Reference Figure 1The novel tubular electrolytic cell of this embodiment is generally a vertical pressure vessel, including a vertical shell 10. Inside, multiple parallel-arranged membrane electrode tubes 20 are fixed via insulating tube plates 111 at both ends, forming a membrane electrode tube bundle. The shell 10 is equipped with an external power interface 15 and an internal power interface 16. Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the membrane electrode tube 20 is a hollow integrated structure, consisting of a tubular diaphragm 22 as the structural substrate, an inner electrode 21 (including an inner electrode substrate and an inner electrode catalyst) disposed on the inner surface of the tubular diaphragm 22, and an outer electrode 23 (including an outer electrode substrate and an outer electrode catalyst) disposed on the outer surface of the tubular diaphragm 22. The tubular diaphragm 22 is a corrosion-resistant ion exchange membrane, and both the inner and outer electrode substrates are porous nickel electrodes. The inner electrode substrate is coated with a platinum-based catalyst, and the outer electrode substrate is coated with an iridium-based catalyst. The inner electrode 21 of each membrane electrode tube 20 serves as a cathode (generating hydrogen). The external electrodes 23 are uniformly used as anodes (to generate oxygen); a total cathode busbar (not shown in the figure, with a vertical distance of 10-20 mm from the upper end of the membrane electrode tube 20 to avoid interference with the fluid flow in the shell-side channel) is provided on the upper side of the shell 10, and a total anode busbar (not shown in the figure, with a vertical distance of 10-20 mm from the lower end of the membrane electrode tube 20 to avoid interference with the fluid flow in the shell-side channel) is provided on the lower side, and the two are symmetrically distributed vertically; the internal electrodes 21 of each membrane electrode tube 20 are connected to the negative terminal of a DC power supply through the total cathode busbar and the internal power interface 16, and the external electrodes 23 of each membrane electrode tube 20 are connected to the negative terminal of a DC power supply through the total anode busbar and the internal power interface 16. An external power interface 15 is connected to the positive terminal of a DC power supply. Thus, a tube-side channel (hydrogen side) is formed inside the membrane electrode tube 20, and a shell-side channel (oxygen side) is formed between the outer surface of the membrane electrode tube 20, the inner wall of the housing 10, and the insulating tube sheet 111. The tube-side channel and the shell-side channel are isolated from each other by the tube wall of the membrane electrode tube 20 and the insulating tube sheet 111 to prevent hydrogen-oxygen mixing and electrolyte cross-flow. The tubular diaphragm 22 allows ions in the electrolyte to permeate to meet the requirements of the electrolysis reaction. The bottom of the housing 10 is provided with a tube-side electrolyte inlet 11 and a shell-side electrolyte inlet 12, while the top is correspondingly provided with a tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 and a shell-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13. The tube side electrolyte inlet 11, tube side channel, and tube side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 are connected, as are the shell side electrolyte inlet 12, shell side channel, and shell side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14. This configuration allows the two electrolyte streams to enter the tube side channel and shell side channel respectively from the tube side electrolyte inlet 11 and shell side electrolyte inlet 12 during electrolysis. Hydrogen evolution reaction occurs in the tube side channel, and oxygen evolution reaction occurs in the shell side channel. The resulting gas-liquid mixture is discharged from the tube side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 and shell side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14 respectively, avoiding direct contact between hydrogen and oxygen and greatly reducing the risk of hydrogen-oxygen cross-contamination.

[0046] The tubular electrolyzer is supported by a support 110 fixed to the outer wall of the shell 10, and the top is further provided with a head 19, and the head 19 is provided with lifting lugs 17 for equipment hoisting and overflow ports 18 for safety pressure relief.

[0047] 1.2, a new type of tubular electrolyzer with a bad tube detection system

[0048] The embodiment further provides a new type of tubular electrolyzer with a bad tube detection system, which comprises the new type of tubular electrolyzer of 1.1 and further comprises

[0049] The detection system comprises a pressure monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module and a voltage monitoring module, the pressure monitoring module is configured to collect pressure data at the tube-side electrolyte inlet 11, the shell-side electrolyte inlet 12, the tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 and the shell-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14, and collect pressure data on the tube-side and the shell-side corresponding to each membrane electrode tube 20; the temperature monitoring module is configured to collect temperature data at the tube-side electrolyte inlet 11, the shell-side electrolyte inlet 12, the tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 and the shell-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14, and collect temperature data on the tube-side and the shell-side corresponding to each membrane electrode tube 20; the voltage monitoring module is configured to collect the terminal voltage of each membrane electrode tube 20 and the total voltage of the tubular electrolyzer;

[0050] The data processing and early warning module is in communication connection with the detection system to receive the pressure, temperature and voltage data and realize bad tube determination and early warning.

[0051] In the above system, the pressure monitoring module comprises: four first pressure sensors (preferably diffusion silicon pressure sensors with an accuracy of 0.5% FS), which are respectively arranged at the tube-side electrolyte inlet 11, the shell-side electrolyte inlet 12, the tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 and the shell-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14, and are all 10-20 cm away from the corresponding flange installation position (threaded connection), so as to ensure that the first pressure sensors are not directly affected by pressure fluctuations, vibrations and fluid disturbances in the system, and at the same time, local pressure changes in the pipeline connection part can also be effectively avoided; a plurality of second pressure sensors (preferably micro piezoresistive pressure sensors with an accuracy of 1% FS) are arranged on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube 20, and are 3-7 cm away from the single tube inlet (welded and fixed), so as to capture the pressure change on the hydrogen side and avoid pulse disturbance caused by being too close to the pipe opening; and a plurality of third pressure sensors (preferably micro piezoresistive pressure sensors with an accuracy of 1% FS) are arranged on the inner wall of the shell 10, and are 3-7 cm away from the starting end of the shell-side region corresponding to each membrane electrode tube 20 (welded and fixed), so as to accurately determine the pressure on the oxygen side and not be affected by local disturbance.

[0052] In the above system, the temperature monitoring module comprises: four first temperature sensors (preferably PT100 thermal resistance, measuring range -50~200℃), respectively arranged at the pipe passage electrolyte inlet 11, the shell passage electrolyte inlet 12, the pipe passage gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 and the shell passage gas-liquid mixture outlet 14, and the distance from the corresponding flange installation position is 10~20 cm (plug-in installation, the probe is deep into the radial center position of the pipeline); a plurality of second temperature sensors (K-type thermocouple, measuring range 0~300℃) arranged on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube 20, the distance from the single tube pipe passage inlet of each membrane electrode tube 20 is 10~15 cm (welding fixation, first preset welding base on the inner wall of the membrane electrode tube, the sensor probe extends 5~8 mm from the inner wall of the membrane electrode tube 20 to the inside of the pipe passage, to ensure that the second temperature sensor probe can directly contact with hydrogen); and a plurality of third temperature sensors (K-type thermocouple, measuring range 0~300℃) arranged on the inner wall of the shell 10, the distance from the starting end of the corresponding shell passage area of each membrane electrode tube 20 single tube is 10~15 cm (welding fixation, the probe is closely attached to the outer wall of the membrane electrode tube 20).

[0053] In the above system, the voltage monitoring module comprises:

[0054] The voltage measurement points include the single tube voltage measurement points arranged for each membrane electrode tube 20 (including one tube-in electrode measurement point arranged on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube 20 and the distance from the pipe passage inlet of the membrane electrode tube 20 is 5~15 cm, and one tube-out electrode measurement point arranged on the outer wall of the membrane electrode tube 20 and the distance from the starting end of the corresponding shell passage area of the membrane electrode tube 20 single tube is 5~15 cm), and the total voltage measurement point connected between the total cathode bus and the total anode bus of the system;

[0055] The signal acquisition unit: each single tube voltage measurement point is led out through high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant shielding wires, the welding points are insulated, and the other end of the wires is connected with a first high-precision digital voltmeter; the total voltage measurement point is connected with an independent second high-precision digital voltmeter through wires, and the precision of the first and second high-precision digital voltmeters is 0.01% FS.

[0056] In the above system, the data processing and early warning module comprises a data acquisition unit, a calculation unit and a warning unit; the data acquisition unit acquires pressure, temperature and voltage data, including the pressure and temperature at the total pipe passage inlet, the total pipe passage outlet, the total shell passage inlet and the total shell passage outlet; the pressure and temperature on the single tube pipe passage side and the shell side of each membrane electrode tube; and the end voltage of each membrane electrode tube and the total voltage of the tubular electrolytic cell; the calculation unit calculates the total pressure difference ΔP 总 (ΔP 管程 + ΔP 壳程 ), the single tube pressure difference ΔP i(ΔP) i =P 管程i - P 壳程i Total temperature difference ΔT 总 (ΔT) 管程 + ΔT 壳程 ), single tube temperature difference ΔT i (ΔT) i = T 管程i - T 壳程i System voltage imbalance δU and single-tube voltage relative deviation ηU i The early warning unit has a built-in preset judgment threshold. The parameters calculated by the calculation unit are compared with the built-in preset judgment threshold of the early warning unit, based on the total pressure difference (ΔP). 总 Total temperature difference (ΔT) 总 The overall fault is determined based on the system voltage imbalance (δU) and the overall fault determination result, and based on the single-tube hydrogen-oxygen side voltage difference (ΔP) in response to the overall fault determination result. i Single tube temperature deviation (ΔT) i ) and single-tube voltage relative deviation (ηU) i The system performs single-tube fault location, identifies faulty tubes, and outputs corresponding warning signals from the early warning unit.

[0057] 1.3. A novel tubular electrolytic cell with a faulty tube detection system: a faulty tube detection method.

[0058] See also Figure 1 Based on the novel tubular electrolytic cell with a faulty tube detection system described in section 1.2 above, this embodiment further provides a faulty tube detection method for the novel tubular electrolytic cell with a faulty tube detection system, comprising the following steps:

[0059] S1. System Initialization and Parameter Setting:

[0060] Calibrate each sensor (including correcting sensor errors, etc.), and set the data sampling frequency and preset the judgment threshold through the data processing and early warning module;

[0061] Preferably, the sampling frequency of the pressure data is set to 1 Hz; the sampling frequency of the temperature data is set to 1 Hz; the sampling frequency of the voltage data is set to 1 Hz; the preset determination threshold value includes a first preset threshold value set and a second preset threshold value set; the first preset threshold value set includes a total pressure difference fluctuation threshold value, a total temperature difference fluctuation threshold value, and a system voltage imbalance threshold value; the second preset threshold value set includes a single tube pressure difference fluctuation threshold value, a single tube temperature difference fluctuation threshold value, and a single tube voltage relative deviation threshold value; in a preferred embodiment, the first preset threshold value set is: a total pressure difference fluctuation threshold value ± 3%, a total temperature difference fluctuation threshold value ± 10%, and a system voltage imbalance threshold value of 7%; the second preset threshold value set is: a single tube pressure difference fluctuation threshold value ± 5%, a single tube temperature difference fluctuation threshold value ± 8%, and a single tube voltage relative deviation threshold value of 7%; those skilled in the art can understand that the above sampling frequency, threshold value, etc. can be adjusted according to different electrolytic cell models, power, and operating conditions, etc. For example, the pressure data sampling frequency is within the range of 8-12 Hz, the temperature data sampling frequency is within the range of 3-7 Hz, the voltage data sampling frequency is within the range of 0.8-1.2 Hz, the total pressure difference fluctuation threshold value is within the range of ± 1% to ± 5%, and the single tube voltage relative deviation threshold value is within the range of 5% to 10%, all of which can achieve the purpose of the present application.

[0062] It should be noted that the fluctuation threshold value of each parameter in the present application is a relative deviation (the calculation formula of the relative deviation is: relative deviation = |measured value-reference value| / reference value x 100%) relative to a rated reference value or a healthy reference value. The reference value is determined by one of the following methods:

[0063] Method one (design value): the design calculation value of the tubular electrolytic cell under rated operating conditions (such as rated current density, rated temperature, rated pressure) is used as the reference value.

[0064] Method two (debugging value): when the system is initially powered on and stably operated in a healthy state, the average value of each parameter for a period of time (such as 24 hours) is collected as the reference value.

[0065] Method three (adaptive reference): during a preset healthy operating period in the initial stage of system operation, the operating data of each parameter is automatically recorded, and a dynamic healthy reference is established by a moving average algorithm.

[0066] S2. Synchronous data acquisition:

[0067] According to the sampling frequency set in step S1, the following data is synchronously collected:

[0068] The pressure P of the tube-side electrolyte inlet 11 管程入 The pressure P of the tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 管程出 The pressure P of the shell-side electrolyte inlet 12 壳程入, shell side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14 pressure P 壳程出 , each membrane electrode tube 20 corresponding single tube tube side pressure P 管程i and shell side pressure P 壳程i ; tube side electrolyte inlet 11 temperature T 管程入 , tube side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 temperature T 管程出 , shell side electrolyte inlet 12 temperature T 壳程入 , shell side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14 temperature T 壳程出 , each membrane electrode tube 20 corresponding single tube tube side temperature T 管程i and shell side temperature T 壳程i ; each membrane electrode tube 20 end voltage U 单管i and total voltage U of the tube type electrolytic cell 总 .

[0069] S3. Data processing and feature calculation:

[0070] Based on the data collected in step S2, the following feature quantities are calculated:

[0071] System overall feature quantity: total pressure difference ΔP 总 =ΔP 管程 +ΔP 壳程 , ΔP 管程 =P 管程入 -P 管程出 , ΔP 壳程 =P 壳程入 -P 壳程出 ; total temperature difference ΔT 总 =ΔT 管程 +ΔT 壳程 , ΔT 管程 =T 管程入 -T 管程出 , ΔT 壳程 =T 壳程入 -T 壳程出 ; system voltage imbalance degree δU= [max(U 单管i ) - min(U 单管i ) ] / U 总 ×100%;

[0072] Single tube feature quantity: each membrane electrode tube single tube pressure difference ΔP i =P 管程i -P 壳程i ; single tube temperature difference ΔT i =T 管程i -T 壳程i ; single tube voltage relative deviation ηU i =ΔU / U 总 ×100%, ΔU=∣U 单管i -U 总 ∣.

[0073] S4. Bad tube determination:

[0074] Compare the characteristic quantity calculated in step S3 with the preset determination threshold in step S1:

[0075] S41. Overall failure determination: compare the total pressure difference ΔP 总 , total temperature difference ΔT 总 , and system voltage imbalance δU calculated in step S3 with the first preset threshold set, and when any one of the total pressure difference ΔP 总 , total temperature difference ΔT 总 , and system voltage imbalance δU has three consecutive sampling values exceeding the corresponding threshold in the first preset threshold set, or two or more parameters have sampling values exceeding the corresponding thresholds in the first preset threshold set at the same time, it is determined that there is a fault tube affecting the overall operation (if only a single parameter exceeds the threshold once, it is determined to be an interference signal, no alarm is triggered, and monitoring continues);

[0076] Example: assume that the first preset threshold set is: total pressure difference fluctuation threshold ± 3%, total temperature difference fluctuation threshold ± 10%, and system voltage imbalance threshold 7%; for the total pressure difference ΔP 总 , when |total pressure difference ΔP 总 -reference total pressure difference| / reference total pressure difference>3% or <-3%, it is considered that the total pressure difference ΔP 总 exceeds the total pressure difference fluctuation threshold (± 3%) in the first preset threshold set; for the total temperature difference ΔT 总 , when |total temperature difference ΔT 总 -reference total temperature difference| / reference total temperature difference>10% or <-10%, it is considered that the total temperature difference ΔT 总 exceeds the total temperature difference fluctuation threshold (± 10%) in the first preset threshold set; for the system voltage imbalance δU, when the system voltage imbalance δU>7%, it is considered that the system voltage imbalance δU exceeds the system voltage imbalance threshold in the first preset threshold set.

[0077] S42. Single tube failure positioning: compare the single tube pressure difference ΔP i , single tube temperature difference ΔT i , and single tube voltage relative deviation ηU i calculated in step S3 with the second preset threshold set, and when any one of the single tube pressure difference ΔP i , single tube temperature difference ΔT i , and single tube voltage relative deviation ηU iWhen the sampling value of any one parameter exceeds the corresponding threshold value in the second preset threshold value set for three consecutive times, or when the sampling values of two or more parameters exceed the corresponding threshold values in the second preset threshold value set at the same time, it is determined that the membrane electrode tube 20 is a faulty tube (if only a single parameter exceeds the threshold value for a single time, it is determined to be an interference signal, no alarm is triggered, and monitoring continues).

[0078] Example: Assuming that the second preset threshold value set is: single tube pressure difference fluctuation threshold ± 5%, single tube temperature difference fluctuation threshold ± 8%, single tube voltage relative deviation threshold 7%; for single tube pressure difference ΔP i , when | single tube pressure difference ΔP i > 5% or <-5%, it is considered that the single tube pressure difference ΔP i exceeds the single tube pressure difference fluctuation threshold in the second preset threshold value set; for single tube temperature difference ΔT i , when | single tube temperature difference ΔT i > 8% or <-8%, it is considered that the single tube temperature difference ΔT i exceeds the single tube temperature difference fluctuation threshold in the second preset threshold value set; for single tube voltage relative deviation ηU i , when single tube voltage relative deviation ηU i > 7%, it is considered that the single tube voltage relative deviation ηU i exceeds the single tube voltage relative deviation threshold in the second preset threshold value set.

[0079] S5. Pre-alarm output:

[0080] According to the determination result of step S4, a pre-alarm signal containing the position number of the faulty tube and the abnormal parameter information is output; specifically, the pre-alarm unit issues an audible and visual alarm, and the terminal displays the bad tube number (such as No. 3), the abnormal parameter information (such as single tube pressure difference ΔP i = 90 kPa, single tube temperature difference ΔT i = 10°C, single tube voltage relative deviation ηU i = 10%, etc.), prompting the staff to isolate the bad tube and replace it.

[0081] The following provides specific application examples, which verify the accuracy of the bad tube identification and the positioning efficiency of the detection system and method of the application by clearly defining the structure of the novel tubular electrolytic cell, the operating conditions, the configuration of the detection system, and the determination process.

[0082] Application Example 1

[0083] A pressurized tubular electrolytic cell for large-scale green hydrogen production, the core parameters and detection system configuration of the tubular electrolytic cell are as follows:

[0084] Tube bundle scale: composed of 12 parallel membrane electrode tubes (hollow integrated structure), numbered #1 to #12.

[0085] Membrane electrode tube specifications: Proton exchange membrane is used as the tubular diaphragm, the electrode in the tube is a hydrogen evolution reaction cathode coated with platinum-based catalyst; the electrode outside the tube is an oxygen evolution reaction anode coated with iridium ruthenium oxide catalyst; the effective length of the single tube is 1800 mm, and the inner diameter is 50 mm.

[0086] Operating conditions: operating pressure: 2.0 MPa; operating temperature: 80°C.

[0087] Detection system configuration:

[0088] Pressure monitoring module:

[0089] Tube-side electrolyte inlet 11 pressure sensor: diffused silicon type pressure sensor (accuracy 0.5% FS), installed 15 cm to the right of the tube-side electrolyte inlet 11 flange (horizontal section of the pipeline), G1 / 2 threaded connection, probe towards the fluid inflow direction;

[0090] Tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 pressure sensor: diffused silicon type pressure sensor (accuracy 0.5% FS), installed 18 cm to the left of the tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 flange, G1 / 2 threaded connection, probe towards the fluid inflow direction;

[0091] Shell-side electrolyte inlet 12 pressure sensor: diffused silicon type pressure sensor (accuracy 0.5% FS), installed 12 cm to the right of the shell-side electrolyte inlet 12 flange, G1 / 2 threaded connection, probe towards the fluid inflow direction;

[0092] Shell-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14 pressure sensor: diffused silicon type pressure sensor (accuracy 0.5% FS), installed 16 cm to the left of the tube-side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 flange, G1 / 2 threaded connection, probe towards the fluid inflow direction;

[0093] Single tube pressure sensor: micro piezoresistive type (accuracy 1% FS), single tube tube-side pressure sensor is set on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube 20, and is 5 cm away from the single tube tube-side inlet (welded and fixed); single tube shell-side pressure sensor is set on the inner wall of the shell 10, and is 5 cm away from the starting end of the single tube shell-side area of each membrane electrode tube 20 (welded and fixed).

[0094] Temperature monitoring module:

[0095] Tube-side electrolyte inlet 11 temperature sensor: PT100 thermal resistance (accuracy ±0.1°C), installed 10 cm from the flange in the tube-side electrolyte inlet 11 pipeline, inserted and installed, probe deep into the pipeline center (40 mm away from the pipe wall);

[0096] Tube side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 temperature sensor: PT100 thermal resistance (precision ±0.1℃), installed in the tube side gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 pipe 10 cm away from the flange, inserted installation, the probe deep into the center of the pipe (40 mm away from the pipe wall);

[0097] Shell side electrolyte inlet 12 temperature sensor: PT100 thermal resistance (precision ±0.1℃), installed in the shell side electrolyte inlet 12 pipe 10 cm away from the flange, inserted installation, the probe deep into the center of the pipe (40 mm away from the pipe wall);

[0098] Shell side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14 temperature sensor: PT100 thermal resistance (precision ±0.1℃), installed in the shell side gas-liquid mixture outlet 14 pipe 10 cm away from the flange, inserted installation, the probe deep into the center of the pipe (40 mm away from the pipe wall);

[0099] Single tube temperature sensor: armored K-type thermocouple (precision ±0.2℃), single tube side temperature sensor is set on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube 20, and is 10 cm away from the single tube side inlet thereof (welded fixed, first set a welding base on the inner wall of the membrane electrode tube, the sensor probe top is removed the armored shell, only the nickel-chromium-nickel-silicon thermocouple wire (diameter 0.3 mm) and the insulating ceramic bead (high temperature resistance ≥300℃) are reserved, the exposed temperature sensing end is formed, the temperature sensing end extends 6 mm from the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube 20 to the inside of the tube passage, ensuring that the temperature sensing end can directly contact with hydrogen); the single tube shell side temperature sensor is set on the inner wall of the shell 10, and is 10 cm away from the starting end of the single tube corresponding shell side area of each membrane electrode tube 20 (welded fixed, the probe is a sheet-shaped K-type thermocouple probe, the probe is closely attached to the outer wall of the membrane electrode tube 20).

[0100] Voltage monitoring module:

[0101] Voltage measurement point: including single tube voltage measurement point (including one tube inside electrode measurement point set on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube 20 and 10 cm away from the tube side inlet of the membrane electrode tube 20, and one tube outside electrode measurement point set on the outer wall of the membrane electrode tube 20 and 10 cm away from the starting end of the single tube corresponding shell side area of the membrane electrode tube 20) set for each membrane electrode tube 20, and total voltage measurement point connected between the total cathode bus and the total anode bus of the system;

[0102] Signal acquisition unit: each single tube voltage measurement point is led out through high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant shielding wire (polytetrafluoroethylene shielding wire resistant to 200 DEG C), and the welding point is insulated (PTFE insulating tape is wrapped); the other end of the wire is connected with a first high-precision digital voltmeter (precision 0.01% FS, model FLUKE 8846A); the total voltage measurement point is connected with an independent second high-precision digital voltmeter (precision 0.01% FS, model FLUKE 8846A) through a wire; the precision of the first and second high-precision digital voltmeters is 0.01% FS.

[0103] Data processing and early warning module: industrial-grade PLC (model Siemens S7-1511C) with built-in data acquisition and analysis algorithm.

[0104] Pre-set 2 bad tubes (artificially manufactured faults): #4 membrane electrode tube (tubular diaphragm diameter 0.4 mm damaged), #9 membrane electrode tube (cathode catalyst partially falls off, falling off area accounts for 15%).

[0105] Bad tube detection process:

[0106] S1. System initialization and parameter setting:

[0107] Calibrate each sensor (including correcting sensor error, etc.), set data sampling frequency and preset determination threshold value through the data processing and early warning module:

[0108] Set the sampling frequency to be pressure 1 Hz, temperature 1 Hz and voltage 1 Hz; preset determination threshold value (threshold value is set based on the reference value under stable running state): the first preset threshold value set is total pressure difference fluctuation threshold value ± 3%, total temperature difference fluctuation threshold value ± 10% and system voltage imbalance degree threshold value 7%; the second preset threshold value set is single tube pressure difference fluctuation threshold value ± 5%, single tube temperature deviation fluctuation threshold value ± 8% and single tube voltage relative deviation threshold value 7%;

[0109] Under the stable running state of the system, the key reference parameters are measured as follows: reference total pressure difference is 20 kPa; reference total temperature difference is -6 DEG C; reference single tube pressure difference is -2.1 kPa; reference single tube temperature difference is 3 DEG C; reference total (single tube) voltage is 1.8 V.

[0110] S2. Synchronous data acquisition:

[0111] According to the sampling frequency set in step S1, the following data is synchronously acquired (in the same sampling period, for example, at t0 time):

[0112] Pressure P of pipe electrolyte inlet 11 管程入 =2.05 MPa, pressure P of pipe gas-liquid mixture outlet 13 管程出=2.031 MPa, pressure P at the electrolyte inlet 12 on the shell side 壳程入 =2.05 MPa, pressure P at outlet 14 of the shell-side gas-liquid mixture 壳程出 =2.034 MPa; Temperature T at the electrolyte inlet 11 in the tube side 管程入 =79.5℃, temperature T at the outlet of the gas-liquid mixture in the tube (point 13) 管程出 =84.2℃, temperature T at the electrolyte inlet 12 on the shell side 壳程入 =79.6℃, temperature T at the outlet of the shell-side gas-liquid mixture at point 14 壳程出 =81.8℃, total voltage U of the tubular electrolytic cell 总 =1.8V.

[0113] #1 Membrane Electrode Tube: P 管程1 =2.031 MPa; P 壳程1 =2.033 MPa; T 管程1 = 84.0℃; T 壳程1 = 81.0℃; Terminal voltage U 单管1 =1.78V;

[0114] #2 membrane electrode tube: P 管程2 =2.032 MPa; P 壳程2 =2.034 MPa; T 管程2 = 84.1℃; T 壳程2 =81.2℃; Terminal voltage U 单管2 =1.79V;

[0115] #3 Membrane Electrode Tube: P 管程3 =2.031 MPa; P 壳程3 =2.033 MP; T 管程3 = 84.0℃; T 壳程3 =81.1℃; Terminal voltage U 单管3 =1.78V;

[0116] #4 membrane electrode tube: P 管程4 =2.05 MPa; P 壳程4 =2.025MPa; T 管程4 =84.2℃; T 壳程4 =82.0℃; Terminal voltage U 单管4 =1.95V;

[0117] #5 membrane electrode tube: P 管程5 =2.031 MPa; P 壳程5 =2.033 MPa; T 管程5 = 84.4℃; T 壳程5 =81.5℃; Terminal voltage U 单管5= 1.79 V;

[0118] #6 Membrane electrode tube: P 管程6 = 2.032 MPa; P 壳程6 = 2.034 MPa; T 管程6 = 84.5°C; T 壳程6 = 81.5°C; End voltage U 单管6 = 1.78 V;

[0119] #7 Membrane electrode tube: P 管程7 = 2.031 MPa; P 壳程7 = 2.033 MPa; T 管程7 = 84.3°C; T 壳程7 = 81.2°C; End voltage U 单管7 = 1.78 V;

[0120] #8 Membrane electrode tube: P 管程8 = 2.031 MPa; P 壳程8 = 2.033 MPa; T 管程8 = 84.1°C; T 壳程8 = 81.2°C; End voltage U 单管8 = 1.79 V;

[0121] #9 Membrane electrode tube: P 管程9 = 2.035 MPa; P 壳程9 = 2.034 MPa; T 管程9 = 83.9°C; T 壳程9 = 82.2°C; End voltage U 单管9 = 1.65 V;

[0122] #10 Membrane electrode tube: P 管程10 = 2.031 MPa; P 壳程10 = 2.033 MPa; T 管程10 = 84.2°C; T 壳程10 = 81.4°C; End voltage U 单管10 = 1.79 V;

[0123] #11 Membrane electrode tube: P 管程11 = 2.030 MPa; P 壳程11 = 2.032 MPa; T 管程11 = 84.9°C; T 壳程11 = 82.1°C; End voltage U 单管11 = 1.78 V;

[0124] #12 Membrane electrode tube: P 管程12 = 2.032 MPa; P 壳程12 = 2.034 MPa; T管程12 = 84.3℃; T 壳程12 =81.5℃; terminal voltage U 单管12 =1.79V;

[0125] S3. Data processing and characteristic quantity calculation:

[0126] Based on the data collected in step S2, the following characteristic quantities are calculated:

[0127] System overall characteristic quantity: total pressure difference ΔP 总 =35kPa; total temperature difference ΔT 总 =-6.9℃; system voltage imbalance degree δU=16.7%;

[0128] Single tube characteristic quantity:

[0129] #1 membrane electrode tube: ΔP1=-2 kPa; ΔT1=3.0℃; ηU1=1.1%;

[0130] #2 membrane electrode tube: ΔP2=-2 kPa; ΔT2=2.9℃; ηU2=0.6%;

[0131] #3 membrane electrode tube: ΔP3=-2 kPa; ΔT3=2.9℃; ηU3=1.1%;

[0132] #4 membrane electrode tube: ΔP4=25 kPa; ΔT4=2.2℃; ηU4=8.3%;

[0133] #5 membrane electrode tube: ΔP5=-2 kPa; ΔT5=2.9℃; ηU5=0.6%;

[0134] #6 membrane electrode tube: ΔP6=-2 kPa; ΔT6=3.0℃; ηU6=1.1%;

[0135] #7 membrane electrode tube: ΔP7=-2 kPa; ΔT7=3.1℃; ηU7=1.1%;

[0136] #8 membrane electrode tube: ΔP8=-2 kPa; ΔT8=2.9℃; ηU8=0.6%;

[0137] #9 membrane electrode tube: ΔP9=1 kPa; ΔT9=1.7℃; ηU9=8.3%;

[0138] #10 membrane electrode tube: ΔP 10 =-2 kPa; ΔT 10 =2.8℃; ηU 10 =0.6%;

[0139] #11 membrane electrode tube: ΔP 11=-2 kPa;ΔT 11 =2.8℃; ηU 11 =1.1%;

[0140] #12 membrane electrode tube: ΔP 12 =-2 kPa;ΔT 12 =2.8℃; ηU 12 =0.6%;

[0141] S4. Determining a faulty transistor:

[0142] Compare the feature values ​​calculated in step S3 with the preset judgment threshold in step S1:

[0143] S41. Overall Fault Judgment: Calculate the total pressure difference ΔP obtained in step S3. 总 Total temperature difference ΔT 总 The system voltage imbalance δU is compared with the first preset threshold set: |Total voltage difference ΔP 总 -Reference total pressure difference| / Reference total pressure difference = 75% > 3%; |Total temperature difference ΔT 总 -Reference total temperature difference| / Reference total temperature difference = -15.0% < -10%, system voltage imbalance δU = 16.7% > 7%, both exceeding the threshold; it is determined that there is a faulty tube affecting the overall operation;

[0144] S42. Single-pipe fault location: The single-pipe pressure difference ΔP calculated in step S3 is used to locate the fault. i Single tube temperature difference ΔT i Single-tube voltage relative deviation ηU i Compare with the second preset threshold set: | Single tube pressure difference ΔP 1.2.3.5.6.7.8.10.11.12 -(-2.1)kPa| / -2.1kPa>-5%, |Single tube temperature difference ΔT 1.2.3.5.6.7.8.10.11.12 -3℃| / 3℃<8%, Single tube voltage relative deviation ηU 1.2.3.5.6.7.8.10.11.12 <7%; |Single tube pressure difference ΔP4-(-2.1)kPa| / -2.1kPa=-1290.5%<-5%, |Single tube temperature difference ΔT4-3℃| / 3℃=26.7%>8%, Single tube voltage relative deviation ηU4=8.3%>7%; |Single tube pressure difference ΔP9-(-2.1)kPa| / -2.1kPa=-147.6%<-5%, |Single tube temperature difference ΔT9-3℃| / 3℃=43.3%>8%, Single tube voltage relative deviation ηU9=8.3%>7%, It is determined that membrane electrode tubes #4 and #9 are faulty tubes.

[0145] S5. Early Warning Output:

[0146] According to the determination result of step S4, the PLC triggers an audible and visual alarm, and the terminal displays "

System Level Warning

[0147] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the present application, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and implement it, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent transformation or modification made according to the spirit and essence of the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tubular electrolytic cell with a faulty tube detection system, characterized in that, include The tubular electrolytic cell body includes a shell, tube sheets disposed at both ends of the shell, and a tube bundle consisting of multiple parallel membrane electrode tubes disposed inside the shell. The tube sheets have through holes adapted to the membrane electrode tubes for fixing and supporting the membrane electrode tubes. The membrane electrode tube is a hollow integrated structure, which is composed of a tubular diaphragm, an inner electrode disposed on the inner surface of the tubular diaphragm, and an outer electrode disposed on the outer surface of the tubular diaphragm. The inner electrode of each membrane electrode tube is uniformly used as an anode or cathode, and the outer electrode is uniformly used as a cathode or anode opposite to the inner electrode. The inside of the membrane electrode tube forms a tube-side channel, and the outside of the tube forms a shell-side channel with the inner wall of the shell and the tube sheet. The two channels are isolated from each other by the tubular diaphragm and the tube sheet. The shell side is provided with a main tube passage inlet and outlet, and the shell side is provided with a main shell passage inlet and outlet. The detection system includes: a pressure monitoring module configured to collect pressure data at the inlet and outlet of the total tube-side channel and the total shell-side channel, and to collect pressure data on the tube-side and shell-side of each membrane electrode tube; a temperature monitoring module configured to collect temperature data at the inlet and outlet of the total tube-side channel and the total shell-side channel, and to collect temperature data on the tube-side and shell-side of each membrane electrode tube; and a voltage monitoring module configured to collect the terminal voltage of each membrane electrode tube and the total voltage of the tubular electrolyzer. The data processing and early warning module is connected to the detection system to receive the pressure, temperature and voltage data and to determine and warn of faulty pipes.

2. The tubular electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure monitoring module includes: a first pressure sensor located at the inlet of the main tube passage, the inlet of the main shell passage, the outlet of the main tube passage, and the outlet of the main shell passage, at a distance of 10-20 cm from the corresponding flange installation position; a second pressure sensor located on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube, at a distance of 3-7 cm from its single tube inlet; and a third pressure sensor located on the inner wall of the shell, at a distance of 3-7 cm from the beginning of the corresponding shell passage area of ​​each membrane electrode tube.

3. The tubular electrolytic cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first pressure sensor is a diffused silicon type with an accuracy of 0.5%FS and uses a threaded connection; the second and third pressure sensors are miniature piezoresistive types with an accuracy of 1%FS and are fixed by welding.

4. The tubular electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature monitoring module includes: a first temperature sensor located at the inlet of the main pipe channel, the inlet of the main shell channel, the outlet of the main pipe channel, and the outlet of the main shell channel, at a distance of 10-20 cm from the corresponding flange installation position. The first temperature sensor has an accuracy of not less than ±0.1℃ and a measurement range of -50 to 200℃, with its probe penetrating to the radial center of the pipe; a second temperature sensor located on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube, at a distance of 10-15 cm from the inlet of its single tube, with its probe extending 5-8 mm into the inner wall of the membrane electrode tube and in direct contact with the tube-side gas products; and a third temperature sensor located on the inner wall of the shell, at a distance of 10-15 cm from the beginning of the corresponding shell-side region of each membrane electrode tube, with its probe in close contact with the outer wall of the membrane electrode tube.

5. The tubular electrolytic cell according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first temperature sensor is a PT100 resistance temperature detector (RTD) and is installed by insertion. The second and third temperature sensors are K-type thermocouples with a measurement range of 0~300℃. They are installed by welding or by adapting a fixing structure, and the installation process does not damage the electrode structure of the integrated membrane electrode tube.

6. The tubular electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper side of the housing is provided with a main cathode busbar, and the lower side is provided with a main anode busbar. The main cathode busbar and the main anode busbar are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the housing, and the vertical distance between each of them and the end of the membrane electrode tube is 10~20mm to avoid interference with the fluid flow in the shell-side channel; the voltage monitoring module includes: The set of voltage measurement points includes single-tube voltage measurement points set for each membrane electrode tube, as well as total voltage measurement points connected between the total cathode bus and the total anode bus of the system; The signal acquisition unit includes at least one first high-precision digital voltmeter that is communicatively connected to all the single-tube voltage measurement points, and a second high-precision digital voltmeter that is communicatively connected to the total voltage measurement point. The accuracy of both the first high-precision digital voltmeter and the second high-precision digital voltmeter is 0.01%FS.

7. The tubular electrolytic cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each of the single-tube voltage measurement points provided for each membrane electrode tube includes an internal electrode measurement point and an external electrode measurement point; the internal electrode measurement point is located on the inner wall of each membrane electrode tube and is 5-15 cm away from the tube-side inlet of the membrane electrode tube; the external electrode measurement point is located on the outer wall of each membrane electrode tube and is 5-15 cm away from the starting end of the corresponding shell-side region of the single tube.

8. A method for detecting faulty tubes in a tubular electrolytic cell with a faulty tube detection system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. System initialization and parameter setting: Calibrate each sensor, set the data sampling frequency and preset the judgment threshold through the data processing and early warning module; S2. Data Acquisition: Synchronously acquire pressure, temperature, and voltage data, including the pressure and temperature at the inlet and outlet of the main tube-side channel, the inlet and outlet of the main shell-side channel, and the single tube-side pressure and temperature and the shell-side pressure and temperature corresponding to each membrane electrode tube; And the terminal voltage of each of the membrane electrode tubes and the total voltage of the tubular electrolyzer; S3. Data Processing and Characteristic Calculation: Based on the collected data, calculate the total pressure difference ΔP. 总 Single-tube pressure difference ΔP i Total temperature difference ΔT 总 Single tube temperature difference ΔT i System voltage imbalance δU and single-tube voltage relative deviation ηU i ; S4. Faulty tube determination: Compare the calculation result obtained in step S3 with the preset determination threshold in step S1 to determine the faulty tube; S5. Warning Output: Based on the determination result of step S4, output a warning signal containing the location of the faulty tube and abnormal parameter information.

9. The method for detecting faulty tubes according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the preset judgment thresholds include a first preset threshold set and a second preset threshold set; the first preset threshold set includes a total pressure difference fluctuation threshold, a total temperature difference fluctuation threshold and a system voltage imbalance threshold; the second preset threshold set includes a single tube pressure difference fluctuation threshold, a single tube temperature difference fluctuation threshold and a single tube voltage relative deviation threshold.

10. The method for detecting faulty tubes according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the sampling frequency is set by the data processing and early warning module: pressure data is collected at a sampling frequency of 0.01~20Hz; temperature data is collected at a sampling frequency of 0.01~17Hz; and voltage data is collected at a sampling frequency of 0.01~12Hz.

11. The method for detecting faulty tubes according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the sampling frequency is set by the data processing and early warning module: pressure data is collected at a sampling frequency of 1Hz; temperature data is collected at a sampling frequency of 1Hz; and voltage data is collected at a sampling frequency of 1Hz.

12. The method for detecting faulty tubes according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S4, the faulty transistor determination process includes: S41. Overall Fault Judgment: The total pressure difference ΔP calculated in step S3 is used to determine the overall fault. 总 Total temperature difference ΔT 总 The system voltage imbalance δU is compared with the first preset threshold set, and when the total voltage difference ΔP 总 The total temperature difference ΔT 总 If any parameter in the system voltage imbalance δU exceeds the corresponding threshold in the first preset threshold set for three consecutive sampling values, or if the sampling values ​​of two or more parameters exceed the corresponding threshold in the first preset threshold set at the same time, it is determined that there is a fault that affects the overall operation. S42. Single-tube fault location: The single-tube pressure difference ΔP calculated in step S3 is used to locate the fault. i Single tube temperature difference ΔT i Single-tube voltage relative deviation ηU i Compared with the second preset threshold set, when the single-tube pressure difference ΔP corresponding to any membrane electrode tube is... i The single-tube temperature difference ΔT i and the relative deviation ηU of the single tube voltage i If any parameter exceeds the corresponding threshold in the second preset threshold set for three consecutive sampling values, or if two or more parameter sampling values ​​exceed the corresponding threshold in the second preset threshold set at the same time, the membrane electrode tube is determined to be a faulty tube.

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