Light storage system based on household balcony and application method

Abstract

The invention provides a light storage system based on a household balcony and an application method, and belongs to the technical field of power generation and energy storage. The system aims at solving the problems that an existing balcony light storage system is poor in safety, low in energy utilization efficiency and lack of intelligent management. The system comprises a photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated system, a grid-connected and off-grid inverse control integrated power generation system, a phase change heat storage heat pump water heater, a heat storage refrigerator all-in-one machine and a household green energy controller. The PV / T system generates electricity and heat at the same time; the grid-connected and off-grid inverse control integrated power generation system is responsible for electric energy management and storage; the phase change heat storage heat pump water heater efficiently stores heat by utilizing PV / T waste heat and refrigerator waste heat; the heat storage refrigerator all-in-one machine realizes cold storage and waste heat recovery; and the household green energy controller is combined with the cloud AI to realize intelligent scheduling of cold, heat and electricity. Multi-energy complementation and gradient utilization are achieved, large-scale battery electricity storage is replaced with heat storage and cold storage, the intrinsic safety and comprehensive energy efficiency of the system are improved, and a safe, efficient and intelligent solution is provided for urban household renewable energy source development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power generation and energy storage, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic energy storage system and its application method based on a household balcony. Background Technology

[0002] Energy is a crucial foundation for economic and social development. With the acceleration of urbanization in my country, urban energy consumption has increased significantly. Against the backdrop of the global green energy transition, energy conservation and carbon reduction have become a broad consensus. Although integrated photovoltaic and energy storage projects have been widely applied in large-scale energy bases and industrial and commercial buildings, the energy revolution in urban homes still faces bottlenecks. Urban residents are limited by the available balcony space, safety standards for energy storage systems in homes, and the lack of integrated energy management technologies, thus a replicable model for developing renewable energy in urban households has not yet been established.

[0003] Currently, the balcony micro-photovoltaic-storage (BAPV) systems popular in European and American cities have several core flaws: First, the systems are mostly designed for self-consumption, with photovoltaic capacity generally below 2kWp, only sufficient for basic lighting and other low-power needs. Second, the energy storage architecture primarily uses lead-acid or lithium batteries, lacking combined heat and power (CHP) design, making it difficult to achieve multi-energy complementarity (cooling, heating, and electricity) within limited installation space. Third, directly connecting battery packs to homes poses significant safety hazards and lacks linkage control with smart meters, failing to effectively utilize peak-valley electricity pricing mechanisms. This single-dimensional energy storage model results in an overall energy efficiency of less than 30% and a high curtailment rate, significantly falling short of the deep decarbonization path required by my country's "dual-carbon" goals.

[0004] More importantly, existing solutions fail to build a home energy internet, lacking load forecasting and dynamic control capabilities based on artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, and have not established standardized interface protocols, resulting in devices from different brands being unable to work together. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated innovative system that combines "light, storage, and heat" to break through existing technological barriers and form a safe, reliable, intelligent, and efficient integrated energy solution for urban households. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of small installed capacity, limited energy utilization, and low overall efficiency in existing balcony photovoltaic energy storage systems due to safety regulations and installation space constraints. Specifically, it aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing systems, such as poor safety, limited energy storage methods (mainly electrical energy storage), separate supply of cooling, heating, and electricity, and lack of a unified intelligent dispatching center, thereby providing a comprehensive solution for the safe and efficient storage and utilization of renewable energy.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention discloses a light storage system based on a residential balcony; the system includes: Photovoltaic-thermal integrated (PV / T) systems are used to convert solar energy into both electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. An integrated on-grid and off-grid reverse control power generation system is electrically connected to the PV / T system to manage the conversion, storage, and distribution of electrical energy, and can be connected to the public power grid; The phase change thermal storage heat pump water heater is thermally connected to the PV / T system to absorb thermal energy and electrically connected to the grid-connected and off-grid reverse control integrated power generation system for efficient heating and storing thermal energy with phase change materials. The integrated heat storage refrigerator is electrically connected to the grid-connected and off-grid reverse control integrated power generation system and is used for refrigeration and storage of cold energy. The waste heat generated during its operation can be recovered and reused by the phase change heat storage heat pump water heater. The home green energy controller communicates with the on-grid and off-grid integrated power generation system and the integrated thermal storage refrigerator, and is connected to the cloud-based AI home green energy management system for unified intelligent scheduling and optimization control of the energy production, storage and consumption of the entire system.

[0007] Furthermore, the PV / T system includes heat dissipation fins, a flat plate heat collector evaporator with built-in cooling medium, and a photovoltaic panel stacked sequentially from bottom to top; the upper surface of the flat plate heat collector evaporator is attached to the back plate of the photovoltaic panel, and the lower surface is attached to the heat dissipation fins, for absorbing the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel and the heat in the ambient air.

[0008] Furthermore, the integrated on-grid and off-grid reverse control power generation system has a built-in energy storage unit, which is preferably a supercapacitor or a lithium iron phosphate battery installed in a metal fireproof and explosion-proof box. The metal fireproof and explosion-proof box is equipped with a smoke detector and an automatic fire extinguishing device.

[0009] Furthermore, the integrated grid-connected and off-grid reverse control power generation system has multiple maximum power point tracking (MPPT) input interfaces for connecting the PV / T system or other types of photovoltaic modules, such as cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass.

[0010] Furthermore, the phase change heat pump water heater adopts the reverse Carnot cycle principle, using low-grade heat energy absorbed from the PV / T system or the integrated heat storage refrigerator as a heat source. By consuming a small amount of electrical energy to drive the compressor, the heat energy is upgraded to high-grade heat energy and stored in the built-in phase change heat storage material.

[0011] Furthermore, the integrated thermal storage refrigerator incorporates phase change cold storage material to store cold energy during periods of surplus photovoltaic power generation or off-peak electricity from the power grid, so as to maintain low temperatures during power outages or peak electricity periods from the power grid.

[0012] Furthermore, the home green energy controller executes multiple energy dispatch modes based on weather forecast data obtained from the cloud-based AI home green energy management system and user energy consumption habit data learned from it, including photovoltaic priority mode, energy storage power supply mode, grid supplementary power supply mode and emergency power supply mode.

[0013] This invention also provides an application method for a solar energy storage system based on a residential balcony, the method comprising the following steps: Step 1: Generate electrical and thermal energy through a PV / T system or cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass; Step 2: The generated electricity is managed through the grid-connected and off-grid reverse control integrated power generation system, prioritizing the real-time load of households, and storing the surplus electricity in the energy storage unit or driving the phase change thermal storage heat pump water heater and thermal storage refrigerator integrated unit for thermal or cold storage. Step 3: Collect the heat energy generated by the PV / T system and the waste heat generated by the integrated heat storage refrigerator through the phase change heat pump water heater, and store it with phase change materials after heating using photovoltaic power or off-peak electricity; Step 4: Through the home green energy controller, combined with cloud AI analysis, the home's electricity, heat and cooling energy are intelligently scheduled to achieve tiered utilization of energy and peak-valley regulation, maximizing the self-consumption rate of renewable energy and reducing energy costs.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Multi-energy complementarity and high overall efficiency: This invention organically combines photovoltaic, solar thermal, energy storage, thermal storage, and cold storage, realizing the coordinated management and tiered utilization of three energy forms: cold, heat, and electricity. By recovering waste heat from photovoltaic panels and refrigerators, the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system is significantly improved.

[0015] 2. Intrinsically safe and highly reliable: Supercapacitors are prioritized for energy storage, and thermal and cold storage methods replace large-scale chemical batteries, fundamentally reducing the safety hazards of bringing energy storage systems into homes. For the lithium batteries that must be used, comprehensive multi-layered fire safety measures have also been designed.

[0016] 3. Intelligent scheduling and good economic efficiency: With the help of home green energy controllers and cloud AI systems, it can predict power generation and energy load, and combine peak and off-peak electricity pricing strategies to intelligently optimize the timing of charging and discharging and cold and heat storage, so as to minimize household energy expenses.

[0017] 4. Modular design, high flexibility: The main components of the system adopt a modular design, which allows users to build or combine them in stages according to their budget and needs, reducing the one-time investment threshold and facilitating promotion and application.

[0018] 5. Space optimization and high integration: By adopting integrated PV / T components and compact phase change thermal storage equipment, the limited balcony space is effectively utilized, achieving a high degree of integration between the building and the energy system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar energy storage system based on a household balcony according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a functional diagram of the three-layer structure of the PV / T system in this invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the grid-connected and off-grid integrated reverse control power generation system of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the phase change heat storage heat pump water heater in this invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working logic of the AI ​​home energy management system in this invention.

[0025] Explanation of markings in the diagram: 1-PV / T system; 11-Heat dissipation fins; 12-Flat plate evaporator; 13-Photovoltaic panel; 2-Integrated on-grid and off-grid reverse control power generation system; 21-DC / DC converter; 22-DC bus; 23-DC / AC converter; 24-AC bus; 25-Dual power automatic transfer switch; 26-DC / DC bidirectional converter; 27-Energy storage battery; 3-Phase change heat pump water heater; 31-Evaporator; 32-Compressor; 33-Four-way valve; 331-First port; 332-Second port; 333-Third port; 334-Fourth port; 34-Electronic expansion valve; 35-Water tank; 36-Microchannel condenser port; 4-Combined heat storage refrigerator; 5-Home green energy controller; 6-Balcony BIPV; 7-Cloud-based AI-powered Home Green Energy Management System. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a photovoltaic energy storage system based on a residential balcony, which is a comprehensive home energy solution integrating energy production, storage, management and application. The system mainly includes: a balcony BIPV6, which can be a PV / T system 1, an on-grid and off-grid inverter integrated power generation system 2, a phase change thermal storage heat pump water heater 3, a thermal storage refrigerator 4, a home green energy controller 5, and a cloud-based AI home green energy management system 7.

[0028] A photovoltaic / thermal integrated PV / T system 1 is used to simultaneously convert solar energy into electrical energy and thermal energy; The off-grid inverter integrated power generation system 2 is electrically connected to the PV / T system 1 and is used to manage the conversion, storage and distribution of the electrical energy; The phase change thermal storage heat pump water heater 3 is thermally connected to the PV / T system 1 to absorb thermal energy, and electrically connected to the grid-connected and off-grid reverse control integrated power generation system 2 for efficient heating and thermal energy storage. The integrated heat storage refrigerator 4 is electrically connected to the grid-connected and off-grid reverse control integrated power generation system 2 and is used for cooling and storing cold energy. The waste heat generated during its operation can be recovered and reused by the phase change heat storage heat pump water heater 3. The home green energy controller 5 is connected to the grid-connected and off-grid integrated power generation system 2 and the integrated thermal storage refrigerator 4, and is connected to a cloud-based AI home green energy management system 7 for unified intelligent scheduling of the entire system.

[0029] In this embodiment, the energy production unit is a PV / T system 1 installed on the balcony railing or exterior facade. The PV / T system 1 includes heat dissipation fins 11, a flat-plate evaporator 12 with built-in cooling medium, and a photovoltaic panel 13 stacked sequentially from bottom to top; the flat-plate evaporator 12 is used to absorb waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel 13 and heat from the ambient air. Figure 2As shown, the PV / T system 1 is a three-layer composite structure. The surface layer is a photovoltaic panel 13, used to convert sunlight into DC power. The middle layer is a flat-plate evaporator 12, which is filled with a cooling medium such as R134a and is tightly bonded to the back panel of the photovoltaic panel 13 via thermally conductive silicone. This absorbs the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic panel during power generation, thereby cooling the panel and improving power generation efficiency in summer. The bottom layer is a heat dissipation fin 11, which is bonded to the lower surface of the flat-plate evaporator 12. This fin assists in absorbing heat from the air when there is no sunlight or the light intensity is low, or enhances the passive heat dissipation capacity of the photovoltaic panel when the light intensity is high. This structure achieves multi-functional integration of photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic panel heat dissipation, solar thermal collection, and air source heat collection.

[0030] The DC power generated by PV / T system 1 is input to the grid-connected / off-grid integrated inverter power generation system 2 via the first MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) interface. The grid-connected / off-grid integrated inverter power generation system 2 has a built-in energy storage unit 27, which is either a supercapacitor or a lithium iron phosphate battery housed in a fireproof and explosion-proof metal enclosure equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing device. The grid-connected / off-grid integrated inverter power generation system 2 has multiple maximum power point tracking input interfaces for connecting to PV / T system 1 or cadmium telluride photovoltaic glass.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the integrated grid-connected and off-grid reverse-control power generation system 2 is the core of power management. Internally, it includes a DC / DC converter 21, a DC bus 22, a DC / AC converter 23, an AC bus 24, a dual-power automatic transfer switch 25, a DC / DC bidirectional converter 26, and an energy storage battery 27. System 2 can convert photovoltaic DC power into AC power to supply household loads, and can also store excess energy in the energy storage battery 27 via the bidirectional converter 26. It can also connect to the public power grid through the dual-power automatic transfer switch 25, achieving seamless switching between grid-connected and off-grid operation modes. To ensure indoor safety, supercapacitors are preferred for the energy storage battery 27. If lithium iron phosphate batteries are used, they must be placed in a dedicated fireproof and explosion-proof box equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing device.

[0032] The heat energy absorbed by the PV / T system 1 is transferred to the phase change heat pump water heater 3 through a refrigerant pipeline. The phase change heat pump water heater 3 employs the reverse Carnot cycle principle, utilizing the low-grade heat energy absorbed from the PV / T system 1 or the integrated heat storage refrigerator 4 as a heat source, and consumes electrical energy to drive the compressor 32 to produce high-grade heat energy. The phase change heat pump water heater 3 and / or the integrated heat storage refrigerator 4 incorporate phase change materials for storing heat energy and cold energy, respectively. Figure 4As shown, the water heater 3 operates via a reverse Carnot cycle. The refrigerant from the PV / T system 1 evaporates in the evaporator 31, absorbing heat and becoming a low-pressure gas. After being pressurized and heated by the compressor 32, it enters the condenser (not separately shown in the diagram) through the four-way valve 33. There, its heat exchange acts on the phase change material in the water tank 35, releasing heat to melt and store heat, while simultaneously heating the domestic water. The condensed high-pressure liquid refrigerant returns to the evaporator 31 after being throttled and depressurized by the electronic expansion valve 34, completing the cycle. This process is driven by a small amount of electricity, achieving the transfer and efficient storage of low-grade heat energy to high-grade heat energy.

[0033] Furthermore, the low-grade heat source of the phase change heat pump water heater 3 includes heat energy absorbed from the flat-plate evaporator 12 of the PV / T system 1, and / or waste heat recovered from the refrigeration cycle of the integrated heat storage refrigerator 4. The phase change heat pump water heater 3 adopts a secondary heat exchange design, and its heat transfer path is as follows: the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle transfers heat to the built-in phase change material to complete heat storage; when hot water is needed, the phase change material releases the stored heat to the cold water flowing through the heat exchange pipe.

[0034] The system also includes a thermal storage refrigerator (4), which is electrically connected to the grid-connected and off-grid reverse control integrated power generation system (2). The core function of the refrigerator (4) is that it not only has conventional refrigeration function, but also has built-in phase change cold storage material. This enables it to perform deep cooling during periods of surplus photovoltaic power or off-peak grid power, storing the cold energy in the form of latent heat of phase change for use during peak periods or power outages. More importantly, the waste heat (B) generated by its refrigeration system during operation is collected through a recovery pipeline and used as a supplementary low-grade heat source for the phase change thermal storage heat pump water heater (3), realizing the cascade utilization of energy and further improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0035] The integrated thermal storage refrigerator 4: This refrigerator combines heating and cooling functions with thermal storage. It achieves continuous cooling through a heating system and extends the low-temperature retention time using phase change thermal storage technology. Its core principle is the combination of refrigerant circulation and efficient thermal storage design. The compressor compresses the refrigerant into a high-pressure gas, releasing heat. The high-pressure gas enters the condenser, where it releases heat to the phase change thermal storage heat pump water heater through the radiator, turning the refrigerant into a high-pressure liquid. The high-pressure liquid enters the evaporator through a capillary tube or throttling device, where the pressure decreases, and the refrigerant begins to evaporate, absorbing heat from the surroundings. The evaporated refrigerant becomes a low-pressure gas and re-enters the compressor, starting a new cycle. The integrated thermal storage refrigerator achieves cooling and thermal storage through built-in phase change cold storage materials. Its working principle can be divided into a pre-cooling stage and a power-off operation stage. Pre-cooling stage: When the integrated thermal storage refrigerator is connected to the power supply, the cold storage material absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, storing a large amount of cold energy. Power-off stage: After the power is disconnected, the cold storage material slowly releases the cold energy, maintaining a low-temperature environment inside the refrigerator. This typically lasts for several hours to several days, and can be used during peak photovoltaic power generation periods for cold storage. The integrated thermal storage refrigerator is also an innovative home appliance that integrates refrigerator cooling and water heater heating functions. Through a refrigerant circulation system, it achieves intelligent linkage between cooling and heating, meeting both food preservation needs and providing domestic hot water. It boasts advantages such as high efficiency, energy saving, space optimization, safety, and environmental protection. Waste heat recovery technology: The waste heat generated during refrigerator cooling is used to heat the water tank, achieving an energy efficiency ratio far higher than ordinary electric water heaters. The integrated thermal storage refrigerator achieves intelligent synergy between cooling and heating through refrigerant circulation and waste heat recovery technology, demonstrating outstanding performance in energy saving, safety, and space optimization. When the water temperature in the tank is lower than the set value, the system prioritizes using the waste heat generated by refrigerator cooling to heat the water tank; if the waste heat is insufficient, electric heating assistance is activated to ensure a stable hot water supply. The refrigerator and water tank temperatures are monitored in real time by temperature sensors, automatically adjusting the operating mode to achieve a dynamic balance between heating and cooling needs. Water and electricity separation design: The refrigerant circulation system is completely isolated from the water circuit, avoiding the risk of electric leakage from the water heater. Integrated design: The refrigerator and water heater are integrated into a single unit, saving kitchen or balcony space, especially suitable for small apartments.

[0036] This product covers mainstream household refrigerators with capacities ranging from 180L to 500L. A 180L refrigerator has a power consumption of approximately 140W, while models larger than 500L may approach 250W. Typical operating conditions: Daily operating time is approximately 8 hours, accounting for 30%-50% of the day, depending on ambient temperature, door opening frequency, and food storage volume. Taking a mid-power 150W model as an example, daily power consumption = 150W × 8h / 1000 = 1.2 kWh. If a heat pump is used to collect the waste heat generated by the refrigerator, and the COP is calculated at 3, it is approximately equivalent to heating water using 3.6 kWh of electricity. Under typical conditions, this can heat approximately 36-60 liters of water from 20℃ to 60℃. The energy Q required to heat water can be calculated using the following formula: Where: Q is the energy required for heating in Joules (J); c is the specific heat capacity of water (4200 J / (kg·℃)); m is the mass of water in kilograms (kg), 1 kg = 1 L; ΔT is the temperature change in ℃. Converting the formula to a form related to electrical energy (kWh): Further, the amount of water that can be heated, m, is derived: Assuming the initial water temperature is 20℃ and the target water temperature is 60℃, the temperature change ΔT = 40℃. Substituting the theoretical maximum heating capacity into the formula (assuming no efficiency loss), we get m ≈ 77kg, or 77L. Considering factors such as efficiency and heat loss, and assuming a heating capacity of m approximately equal to 50L, this basically meets the daily warm water needs for a family's kitchen and dining needs.

[0037] The intelligent brain of the entire system is the home green energy controller 5. The functions of the home green energy controller 5 include: intelligent switching and scheduling between photovoltaic priority mode, energy storage power supply mode, grid supplementary power mode, and emergency power supply mode based on weather forecast data and user energy consumption habit data obtained from the cloud-based AI home green energy management system 7. It connects to devices such as the grid-connected and off-grid integrated reverse control power generation system 2 and the integrated thermal storage refrigerator 4 via communication interfaces, collecting real-time data on power generation, energy storage, thermal storage, cold storage, and electricity consumption. Simultaneously, the controller 5 connects to the cloud-based AI home green energy management system 7, such as... Figure 5 As shown. The cloud-based AI system 8 predicts future photovoltaic power generation based on local weather big data and analyzes users' energy consumption habits through machine learning algorithms. Based on these predictions and analyses, the controller 5 executes the optimal energy dispatch strategy. For example: Photovoltaic priority mode: During periods of sufficient sunlight, photovoltaic power generation is prioritized to supply household loads. Excess power is used sequentially to charge energy storage battery 27, power water heater 3 for heat storage, and power refrigerator 4 for cold storage. If there is still surplus power, it will be fed into the grid with grid connection permission.

[0038] Energy storage power supply mode: At night or on rainy days, priority is given to using the heat energy stored in water heater 3 and the cold energy stored in refrigerator 4. If electricity is needed, it is supplied by energy storage battery 27.

[0039] Economic operation mode: In combination with peak and off-peak electricity prices, the controller 5 can actively use grid power to charge the energy storage battery 27 or store heat and cold during off-peak hours for use during peak hours, thereby reducing electricity costs.

[0040] Emergency power mode: When the public power grid fails, System 2 automatically switches to off-grid mode, using photovoltaic and energy storage units to provide uninterrupted cooling, heating and electricity supply for critical household loads.

[0041] Users can interact with the home green energy controller 5 via a mobile app or central control screen to monitor the system status in real time and customize energy usage plans for personalized smart energy management.

[0042] This invention also provides an application method for a solar energy storage system based on a residential balcony, employing the system described above and including the following steps: (a) The PV / T system 1 simultaneously produces electrical and thermal energy; (b) The power is managed by the grid-connected and off-grid integrated power generation system 2. The management strategy is to prioritize meeting the real-time load of the household. If there is surplus power, it will charge the built-in energy storage unit 27, drive the phase change heat pump water heater 3 for heat storage, and drive the integrated heat storage refrigerator 4 for cold storage. (c) The phase change heat pump water heater 3 collects the heat energy generated by the PV / T system 1 and the waste heat generated by the integrated heat storage refrigerator 4, and uses photovoltaic power or grid off-peak power for efficient heat storage. (d) Through the home green energy controller 5 and the cloud AI home green energy management system 7, the production, storage and use of electricity, heat and cold energy in the home are comprehensively predicted and intelligently scheduled.

[0043] In summary, this invention deeply couples high-efficiency energy production unit PV / T, multi-form energy storage unit for electricity, heat, and cold storage, and intelligent energy management central controller + cloud AI to construct a safe, efficient, and intelligent integrated energy system for urban households' balconies. This effectively solves the pain points of existing technical solutions and provides a practical and feasible technical path for the energy revolution in urban households.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A household balcony-based optical storage system, characterized by, Comprise: A photovoltaic and thermal integrated (PV / T) system (1) for converting solar energy into electrical energy and thermal energy simultaneously; A grid-connected and off-grid integrated power generation system (2) electrically connected with the PV / T system (1) for managing the conversion, storage and distribution of the electrical energy; A phase change heat storage heat pump water heater (3) in thermal communication with the PV / T system (1) to absorb thermal energy and electrically connected with the grid-connected and off-grid integrated power generation system (2) for efficient heating and storage of thermal energy; A heat storage refrigerator integrated machine (4) electrically connected with the grid-connected and off-grid integrated power generation system (2) for refrigeration and storage of cold energy, and the waste heat generated during its operation can be recycled by the phase change heat storage heat pump water heater (3); A household green energy controller (5) communicatively connected with the grid-connected and off-grid integrated power generation system (2) and the heat storage refrigerator integrated machine (4) respectively, and connected to a cloud AI household green energy management system (8) for unified intelligent scheduling of the entire system.

2. The balcony based optical storage system of claim 1, wherein, The PV / T system (1) comprises, from bottom to top, a heat dissipation fin (11), a flat plate heat collecting evaporator (12) with built-in refrigerant medium and a photovoltaic power generation panel (13); the flat plate heat collecting evaporator (12) is used to absorb the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel (13) and the heat in the ambient air.

3. The balcony based optical storage system of claim 1, wherein, The grid-connected and off-grid integrated power generation system (2) has a built-in energy storage unit (27), which is a super capacitor or a lithium iron phosphate battery arranged in a metal fireproof and explosion-proof box with an automatic fire extinguishing device.

4. The balcony based optical storage system of claim 1, wherein, The grid-connected and off-grid integrated power generation system (2) has a multi-path maximum power point tracking input interface for connecting the PV / T system (1) or cadmium telluride power generation glass.

5. The balcony based optical storage system of claim 1, wherein, The phase change heat storage heat pump water heater (3) adopts the principle of reverse Carnot cycle, uses low-grade heat energy absorbed from the PV / T system (1) or the heat storage refrigerator integrated machine (4) as a heat source, and drives a compressor (32) by consuming electrical energy to produce high-grade heat energy.

6. The balcony based optical storage system of claim 1, wherein, The phase change heat storage heat pump water heater (3) and / or the heat storage refrigerator integrated machine (4) have built-in phase change materials for storing thermal energy and cold energy, respectively.

7. The balcony based optical storage system of claim 1, wherein, The functions of the household green energy controller (5) include intelligent switching and scheduling between photovoltaic priority mode, energy storage power supply mode, grid power supply mode and emergency power supply mode based on weather prediction data and user energy use habit data obtained from the cloud AI household green energy management system (8).

8. The balcony based optical storage system of claim 5, wherein, The low-grade heat energy source of the phase change heat storage heat pump water heater (3) includes heat energy absorbed from the flat plate heat collecting evaporator (12) of the PV / T system (1) and / or waste heat recovered from the refrigeration cycle of the heat storage refrigerator integrated machine (4).

9. The balcony based optical storage system of claim 5, wherein, The phase change heat storage heat pump water heater (3) adopts a secondary heat exchange design, and the heat transfer path is: the refrigerant in the heat pump cycle transfers heat to the built-in phase change material to complete heat storage, and when hot water is needed, the phase change material releases the stored heat to the cold water flowing through the heat exchange pipeline.

10. A method for applying a household balcony-based optical storage system, characterized by, The system of any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted and comprises the following steps: (a) Simultaneous production of electrical and thermal energy by the PV / T system (1); (b) Management of the electrical energy by the on-off grid reverse control integrated power generation system (2), with the management strategy being: priority to meet the real-time load of the family, if there is surplus electricity, then sequentially charge the built-in energy storage unit (27), drive the phase change heat storage heat pump water heater (3) to store heat, and drive the heat storage refrigerator all-in-one machine (4) to store cold; (c) Collection of the thermal energy generated by the PV / T system (1) and the waste heat generated by the heat storage refrigerator all-in-one machine (4) by the phase change heat storage heat pump water heater (3), and efficient heat storage using photovoltaic power or off-peak grid power; (d) Comprehensive prediction and intelligent scheduling of the production, storage and use of electrical, thermal and cold energy of the family by the household green energy controller (5) and the cloud AI household green energy management system (8).

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