Male parent mechanical transplanting method for improving hybrid rice seed production yield and saving cost and improving efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a male parent machine-transplanted seedling method for improving hybrid rice seed production yield, saving cost and improving efficiency, which comprises the following steps: establishing a coupling model of male and female parent sowing difference period and machine-transplanted seedling age based on ecological adaptability parameters of hybrid rice parents, and implementing bed soil preparation by adopting a printing sowing and seedling raising technology; a seedling raising tray with a specific length-width ratio is adopted to complete staggered-period sowing of a first-stage male parent and a second-stage male parent in different periods, an irrigation system based on a moisture tension threshold value is implemented through a seedling field environment management strategy of temperature-light-water-gas multi-factor coordinated regulation, and two-stage male parent seedlings are unitized and integrated by applying a seedling physical form adaptation technology; and a matching technical scheme for precise field moisture management based on the plant physiological water demand rule is established. The method has the core advantages that the technical bottleneck that traditional male parent mechanical transplanting is poor in adaptability is broken through, seed production combination and cultivation crop rotation are accurately matched through the parent coupling model, two-stage male parent lossless integration and single-row mechanical transplanting are achieved in combination with a standardized seedling raising system, and the transplanting quality and density uniformity are guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hybrid rice seed production seeding, seedling raising, and machine transplanting, and in particular to a method for improving hybrid rice seed production yield and saving cost and increasing efficiency of the male parent machine transplanting. BACKGROUND

[0002] The research and popularization and application of hybrid rice technology have made a great contribution to the food security of China and even the world, and will continue to be an important guarantee for food security in China and the world in a long period of time. Therefore, while continuing to vigorously promote the application of hybrid rice, the hybrid rice technology should be continuously innovated and improved to meet the needs of social and economic development in China. Hybrid rice seed production is an essential link in the application of hybrid rice, and its technical level determines the degree of popularization and application of hybrid rice. The hybrid rice seed production technology currently used in large areas in China was initiated in the 1970s, and is a labor-intensive technology that mainly relies on manual vibration of the male parent using ropes or bamboo poles and natural wind-assisted pollination. The male and female parents can only be planted in a small row ratio (1:8-10 or 2:10-12), which is not conducive to the mechanical planting and harvesting of the male parent and makes it difficult to achieve full mechanization of seed production. In particular, the female parent needs to be manually cut before mechanical harvesting of the male parent, which not only wastes labor but also causes loss of income from the male parent rice. With the development of modern agriculture and modern seed industry in China, there is an urgent need for hybrid rice seed production full mechanization technology that is suitable for the complex types of hybrid rice seed production bases in China, i.e., mechanization of all links such as field plowing and leveling, seeding and transplanting, fertilization and plant protection, auxiliary pollination, harvesting, and seed drying.

[0003] At present, a series of key technologies for mechanical seed production of hybrid rice have been formed in key links such as seedling, transplanting, parent population construction, spraying 920, pollination, harvesting and seed drying. The integrated application of these technologies can realize the full-process mechanization of hybrid rice seed production. However, in actual production, the father is mainly planted by artificial transplanting, and it is difficult to realize machine transplanting. The main reasons are as follows: (1) The planting mode of different row ratios of father and mother. The father with medium row ratio (2:14-16) and large row ratio (4-6:24-32) can be machine transplanted, but the father with small row ratio (1:7-8) is difficult to be machine transplanted, mainly because the two periods (one period father and two period father) are difficult to be transplanted in the same row. Through years of practice, the yield of father and mother with small row ratio (1:7-8) is significantly higher than that of medium row ratio (2:14-16) and large row ratio (4-6:24-32) planting mode. (2) At present, the father is mainly planted by water seedling. This seedling method has the advantages of strong seedlings, fast transplanting and fast recovery. However, with the extension of seedling age, it will affect the flower period of father and mother. (3) With the problems of aging labor, labor shortage and low labor efficiency, the father is transplanted by artificial transplanting, especially in large area transplanting process. The transplanting quality of the father, especially the transplanting density, cannot be guaranteed, which may cause seedling deficiency and affect the operation efficiency, the flower period of father and mother, and the yield of hybrid rice seed production. (4) Two period father is transplanted in the same row. One period father and two period father are machine transplanted. At present, the two period father seedlings grown in the commonly used seedling tray are vertically cut, and then directly spliced together for machine transplanting in the same row. The vertical cutting will cause mechanical damage to the father, affecting the transplanting quality of the father. SUMMARY

[0004] This section is intended to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present application and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of the specification to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0005] In view of the above and / or existing problems in the method for improving the yield of hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency of father machine transplanting, the present application is proposed.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a method for improving the yield of hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency of father machine transplanting, which comprises the following steps: Based on the ecological adaptability parameters of hybrid rice parents, a coupling model of father and mother planting difference period and machine transplanting age period is established. The coupling model is used to screen seed production combinations with suitable growth period characteristics, and a father seedling growth process regulation system is constructed according to different farming windows. The bed soil is prepared by adopting a soil aggregate structure optimization technology, the fertilization treatment is completed through the synergistic effect of organic matter mineralization and inorganic nutrient slow release, the parent seed biological activity protection is carried out by using a seed surface film coating technology, and the parent seeds are precisely adhered to the biodegradable paper tape according to a preset geometric distribution mode by using a printing and seeding dry seed seedling raising system; The one-period parent and two-period parent are sowed at different time periods by using a special length-width ratio seedling tray to complete staggered sowing, and a parent seedling standardization cultivation system is established. The parent seedlings with ideal plant type characteristics and developed root group structure are cultivated by adopting a seedling field environment control strategy of synergistic regulation of multiple factors such as temperature, light, water and air, implementing an irrigation system based on a water tension threshold, and combining a topdressing regulation technology based on leaf age diagnosis, and a seedling quality evaluation index system is formed. The two-period parent seedlings are integrated by using a seedling physical form adaptation technology, a special carrier is used to realize spatial reconstruction of the parent seedlings in the seedling box of the rice transplanter, the parent rows are precisely transplanted by using an intelligent rice transplanter equipped with a GNSS differential positioning system, spatial layout optimization of the parent and child parents is realized based on a wide-narrow row configuration mode, and a field water precise management scheme based on the physiological water requirement law of plants is established.

[0007] As a preferred scheme of the parent machine transplanting method for improving hybrid rice seed production yield and saving cost and increasing efficiency, a coupling model of the parent and child parent sowing difference period and the machine transplanting age period is used, and the core input parameters are parent growth period characteristics, temperature sensitivity coefficient, and light demand threshold. The ecological adaptability parameters include resistance index, grain filling period adaptability parameters, and regional climate response parameters, and the core input parameters are used for weighted analysis to realize precise screening of the seed production combination.

[0008] As a preferred scheme of the parent machine transplanting method for improving hybrid rice seed production yield and saving cost and increasing efficiency, a sowing difference period synergistic adaptation coefficient is introduced into the parent seedling growth process regulation system for dynamic optimization, and the calculation expression is as follows:

[0009] Wherein, K is the sowing difference period synergistic adaptation coefficient, f(T) is a temperature response function, g(L) is a light adaptation function, h(P) is a stubble time matching function, k(M) is a humidity influence correction function, q(S) is a soil fertility adaptation function, and r(W) is a rainfall rhythm response function; and α, β, γ, and δ are weight coefficients corresponding to each main effect factor, and λ is a sensitive coefficient of the temperature deviation threshold; and T is a parent suitable temperature mean value.

[0010] As a preferred scheme of the parent machine transplanting method for improving hybrid rice seed production yield and saving cost and increasing efficiency, the soil aggregate structure optimization technology adopts a physical crushing and biological modifier synergistic effect mode. The fertilization treatment realizes balanced nutrient supply by organic matter decomposition regulation and inorganic nutrient gradient release design. The seed surface film coating technology contains disease prevention active ingredients and growth promoting factors, forming a composite coating layer.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the parent rice machine transplanting method for increasing hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency, the specific length-width ratio seedling tray is made of light high-strength composite material. The biodegradable paper tape adds water retention and moisturizing components, and the surface adhesion sites are designed according to the uniform distribution principle.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the parent rice machine transplanting method for increasing hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency, the temperature, light, water and gas multi-factor coordinated regulation strategy is realized by real-time collection of environmental parameters through intelligent sensing equipment. The irrigation system is closed-loop regulated based on the dynamic threshold value of substrate water tension. The fertilizer regulation technology takes leaf color value and leaf age index as diagnostic indicators to realize accurate matching of nutrient supply and seedling growth demand.

[0013] As a preferred scheme of the parent rice machine transplanting method for increasing hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency, the two-stage parent seedling unit integration adopts non-destructive splicing technology. The special-purpose carrier is provided with an adjustable limiting structure, which is suitable for different seedling trays. The intelligent rice transplanter is integrated with a plant spacing self-adaptive adjustment function, and the planting depth is dynamically corrected based on field positioning data.

[0014] As a preferred scheme of the parent rice machine transplanting method for increasing hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency, the field water precision management scheme is based on plant transpiration rate and soil moisture monitoring data, adopts a phased water regulation mode, sets different water management targets in the regreening period, tillering period and booting period, and realizes water supply and demand balance through automatic control of the irrigation system.

[0015] In a second aspect, some embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, including: one or more processors; a storage device having one or more programs stored thereon, when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method described in any of the implementation manners of the first aspect.

[0016] In a third aspect, some embodiments of the present application provide a computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program is executed by a processor to implement the method described in any of the implementation manners of the first aspect.

[0017] The present application significantly improves the comprehensive benefits of hybrid rice seed production through the synergistic innovation of four technical modules. The core advantage lies in breaking through the technical bottleneck of poor adaptability of traditional male parent mechanical transplantation, precisely matching the seed production combination and the tillage gap through the parent coupling model, realizing two-stage male parent non-destructive integration and single-row mechanical transplantation combined with the standardized seedling raising system, effectively avoiding mechanical damage to seedlings, and ensuring the uniformity of planting quality and density. The multi-factor synergistic regulation of the seedling raising strategy cultivates healthy seedlings with ideal plant type and developed root group, significantly improves the probability of parent flower period meeting, and optimizes the pollination efficiency. Intelligent navigation and precise planting technology reduces the dependence on manual labor, improves work efficiency, and solves the problems of missing seedlings and low efficiency in traditional manual planting. The whole-process standardized water and nutrient management realizes efficient use of resources, and cooperates with the optimization of parent spatial layout, which not only improves the seed production yield and seed quality, but also reduces the production cost and labor input, and takes into account the cost saving and efficiency increasing and ecological adaptability, providing a stable and reliable technical solution for the whole-process mechanization of hybrid rice seed production, which is suitable for complex seed production bases and various varieties. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative labor.

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative labor. Among them: Figure 1 The flow structure diagram of the parent mechanical transplantation method for improving the yield of hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 2 The logic flow chart of the parent mechanical transplantation method for improving the yield of hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency in Example 1.

[0021] Figure 3 The electronic structure schematic diagram of the parent mechanical transplantation method for improving the yield of hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency in Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification.

[0023] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application can be practiced without the specific details set forth in this description. In other instances, well-known methods have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present application. Therefore, the present application is not intended to be limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0024] Secondly, the "one embodiment" or "embodiment" referred to herein means a specific feature, structure or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation of the present application. "In one embodiment" appearing in different places in the specification does not mean the same embodiment, nor is it an embodiment that is independent or alternative to other embodiments.

[0025] Embodiment 1 Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first embodiment of the present application provides a parent machine transplanting method for improving hybrid rice seed production and saving cost and increasing efficiency, which comprises, The following flow is implemented: Based on the ecological adaptability parameters of hybrid rice parents, a coupling model of parent-offspring sowing period and machine transplanting age is established, and through the coupling model, seed production combinations with suitable growth period characteristics are screened, and according to different farming windows, a parent seedling growth process regulation system is constructed; The coupling model of parent-offspring sowing period and machine transplanting age takes the parent growth period characteristics, temperature sensitivity coefficient and light demand threshold as core input parameters. The ecological adaptability parameters include stress resistance index, grain filling period adaptability parameters and regional climate response parameters, and the core input parameters are used for weighted analysis to realize accurate screening of seed production combinations.

[0026] The soil aggregate structure optimization technology is used to prepare bed soil, the synergistic effect of organic matter mineralization and inorganic nutrient slow release is used to complete the fertilization treatment, the seed surface film coating technology is used to protect the biological activity of parent seeds, and the printing seeding dry seed seedling system is used to accurately adhere the parent seeds to the biodegradable paper tape according to the preset geometric distribution mode; The soil aggregate structure optimization technology uses the synergistic effect of physical crushing and biological modifier; The fertilization treatment realizes balanced nutrient supply through organic matter decomposition regulation and inorganic nutrient gradient release design; The seed surface film coating technology contains disease prevention active ingredients and growth promoting factors to form a composite coating layer.

[0027] In the parent seedling growth process regulation system, the sowing period synergistic adaptation coefficient is introduced for dynamic optimization, and the calculation expression is:

[0028] Wherein, K is the sowing period collaborative adaptation coefficient; f(T) is the temperature response function, g(L) is the light adaptation function, h(P) is the stubble time matching function, k(M) is the humidity influence correction function, q(S) is the soil fertility adaptation function, r(W) is the rainfall rhythm response function; alpha, beta, gamma, delta are the weight coefficients corresponding to each main effect factor respectively, and lambda is the sensitive coefficient of temperature deviation threshold; T is the mean value of the parent suitable temperature. The logarithmic term, the exponential term and the Sigmoid function are respectively used for quantifying the cumulative effect of light, the nonlinear influence of humidity and the regulation threshold effect of temperature deviation.

[0029] The specific length-width ratio seedling tray is used to complete staggered sowing of the first parent and the second parent in different time periods, and a parent seedling standardization cultivation system is established. The specific length-width ratio seedling tray is made of lightweight high-strength composite material. The biodegradable paper tape adds water and moisture retaining components, and the surface adhesion sites are designed according to the uniform distribution principle.

[0030] Through the seedling field environment control strategy of temperature, light, water and air multi-factor collaborative regulation, the irrigation system based on the water tension threshold is implemented, and the leaf age diagnosis based fertilization regulation technology is combined to cultivate parent seedlings with ideal plant type characteristics and developed root group structure, and a seedling quality evaluation index system is formed. The temperature, light, water and air multi-factor collaborative regulation strategy realizes real-time collection of environmental parameters through intelligent sensing equipment. The irrigation system is closed-loop regulated based on the dynamic threshold of matrix water tension. The fertilization regulation technology takes leaf color value and leaf age index as diagnostic indicators to realize precise matching of nutrient supply and seedling growth demand.

[0031] The seedling physical form adaptation technology is used to integrate the two-period parent seedlings into units, a special carrier is used to realize the spatial reconstruction of the parent seedlings in the seedling box of the seedling machine, the intelligent seedling machine equipped with GNSS differential positioning system is used to complete the accurate transplanting of the parent row, the spatial layout optimization of the parent and child parents is realized based on the wide-narrow row configuration mode, and the field water precise management scheme based on the physiological water demand law of plants is established.

[0032] The unit integration of the two-period parent seedlings adopts a lossless splicing technology. The special carrier is provided with an adjustable limiting structure, which is suitable for different seedling tray specifications. The intelligent seedling machine is integrated with a plant distance self-adaptive adjustment function, and the transplanting depth is dynamically corrected based on the field positioning data.

[0033] The field water precision management scheme is based on plant transpiration rate and soil moisture monitoring data, adopts a phased water regulation mode, sets different water management targets in the regreening period, the tillering period and the booting period respectively, and realizes water supply and demand balance through automatic control of the irrigation and drainage system.

[0034] Example 2 The second embodiment of the present application is different from the first embodiment in that: By designing a new type of seedling raising tray with specifications of 60.0 cm x 11.5 cm x 2.5 cm, instead of the traditional 60 cm x 25 cm x 2.5 cm, and using the printed seed dry seed seedling raising method to sow one period and two periods of male parents at different times, and then transplanting the seedlings at the appropriate age, the two periods of male parents in the seedling raising tray are spliced together, a high-speed riding type 7-row spacing 20 cm rice transplanter with a Beidou navigation auxiliary function is selected, and the spliced two periods of male parents are placed in the middle row for single row transplanting, and then the female parent is transplanted.

[0035] Suitable hybrid rice seed production combinations with appropriate sowing and transplanting periods are selected for large area production, and seed production combinations with sowing and transplanting periods of -5 to 35 days can all use this transplanting method, in which one row of two periods of male parents is first transplanted, and then the female parent is transplanted.

[0036] Crop selection: According to different crops, suitable hybrid rice seed production combinations are selected according to the growth period to ensure that the male and female parent machine transplanting age is controlled between 25-50 days.

[0037] (3) Nutrient soil preparation: Select loam soil as bed soil, which is fertile, has no fallow valley and no weed seeds, and use a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers to fertilize the bed soil. Fertilization must be carried out 2 months before soil collection. Apply 15 t / hm2 of organic fertilizer and 750 kg / hm2 of compound fertilizer (N, P2O5, K2O mass ratio of 15-15-15) on the soil collection field. After application, continuously rotary till 3-4 times with a mechanical rotary tiller to a depth of 12 cm. Screen the bed soil when the soil moisture is suitable and the weather is fine. The fine soil particle size should be ≤0.3 cm. After screening, cover with agricultural film.

[0038] (4) Seedbed preparation and production: The seedbed is selected from a field with few fallow valleys, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, convenient transportation, close to the field, and suitable for the driving of a transplanter. The area ratio of the seedbed to the field is about 1:80, and the requirements for the field surface are "flat, straight, smooth and solid". The operation procedures for the seedbed are: advance plowing, water soaking, land leveling, draining and sunning the field after land leveling, and manually digging a ditch when the field surface is not trapped by feet. Generally, mechanical ditching is carried out at a line spacing of 1.8 m, the field surface is 1.5 m wide (can accommodate 2 seedling trays), the ditch is 30 cm wide and 25 cm deep, and the surrounding ditch is 30 cm wide and 30 cm deep, to achieve smooth irrigation and drainage.

[0039] (5) Seed treatment, select the parent seed quality in line with GB4401.1-2008 "Cereal Seeds", the seed purity ≥99.8%, cleanliness ≥99.0%, germination rate ≥83%, moisture content ≤13.0%. Seed coating treatment. Coating agent is mainly to prevent rice seedling disease, rice seedling disease, etc. 50 kg of rice seeds with bright shield 200 mL + 17% kill insects · ethylene 150 g + 20% thiazole zinc (Bi Sheng) 1000 mL mixed and then seed dressing, evenly after drying for use.

[0040] (6) Seed precision printing and sticking, according to the hybrid rice seed parent's age, thousand seed weight and germination rate, select the appropriate printing and sticking density, generally germination rate of 85%. The seed of the parent should be selected with a rubber tube with a hole row point distance of 10 mm x 12 mm, 12 mm x 12 mm or 14 mm x 14 mm. The parent seedling age is calculated from the time of dry seed water, and the parent seedling age is 50-60 days. The printing specification of 14.0 mm x 14.0 mm is suitable for the parent seedling age of 40-50 days. The printing specification of 12.0 mm x 12.0 mm is suitable for the parent seedling age of 25-40 days. The printing specification of 10.0 mm x 12.0 mm is suitable for the parent seedling age of 25-40 days. The mother seed density is generally selected as 7.5 mm x 7.5 mm, 9.5 mm x 9.5 mm or 10 mm x 10 mm. The air hole point rate of the rubber point is required to be less than 5%, and the multiple / double grain point is not more than 20%. The printing and seeding quality of the parent is 12-15 g / dish, and the printing and seeding quality of the mother is 42-50 g / dish. The printing and seeding density must be controlled. If the seeding density is high, the seedling quality is poor, and the seedling age is small. If the seeding density is too low, the seedling tray is poor, and the seedling carpet is easy to break. The 7-inch seedling machine selects a seedling tray with a size of 12.5 cm x 60.0 cm x 2.5 cm for the first parent and the second parent, and calculates 360 trays / hm2 seedlings. The 7-inch seedling machine selects a seedling tray with a size of 25 cm x 60 cm x 2.5 cm for the mother, and calculates 510 trays / hm2 seedlings. The seeds are evenly adhered to the paper tape according to the set printing size, and the paper tape with seeds is rolled into a bundle for use.

[0041] (7) Seedling bed management, use self-propelled tray covering, soil seeding integrated machine, one-time tray, soil, paper tape, cover substrate and other operation procedures. The bed soil thickness is required to be about 1.8 cm, the seed is upward when laying paper tape, the substrate cover seed thickness is 0.2 cm, and it is appropriate to cover the non-woven fabric, and the seed is not exposed. After the non-woven fabric is covered, the water is irrigated to flood the non-woven fabric, and the water is kept wet for 24-30 hours. The dry seed absorbs water, and the horse water is timely according to the water content of the tray surface. The non-woven fabric is removed when the seedling grows to 1.5-2.0 leaves. After the film is removed, the fertilizer is timely according to the seedling condition. The printed seedling breeding is controlled in 25-50 days, the leaf age is 4.0-7.1 leaves, the seedling height is 15-25 cm, the root system is required to be well connected, the white root is more, the seedling is not scattered, the stem is flat and thick, and the leaf is green.

[0042] (8) The method for machine transplanting the male parent is shown as Figure 2 The hybrid rice seed production parent and child machine transplanting is preferably selected from a high-speed transplanting machine with a row spacing of 25 cm, and the transplanting machine is provided with an auxiliary navigation unmanned device. The width of the compartment is 2.10 m or 2.35 m, and the Yanma 7-row 25 cm transplanting machine is selected to transplant the male parent first. The first period and the second period of the male parent seedlings are placed at different positions on the left and right sides of the transplanting machine, and the two periods of the male parent are reconnected by a triangular disc and placed in the same slot of the seedling plate of the transplanting machine to transplant 1 row. The row spacing between the male parent and the female parent is 30 cm, the plant spacing of the male parent is 20 cm, and each hole has 2-3 seedlings. When the female parent is transplanted, the row spacing is 25 cm, the plant spacing is 12 cm, and each hole has 4-5 seedlings.

[0043] (9) Field water management, the principle of water management is thin water and active seedling, wet and promote tillering, shallow irrigation, and dry and wet alternation. In order to achieve the above requirements, the following points should be achieved according to the growth and development stage of the seedlings: after planting, the water management is extremely important within 3-5 days, and the thin water is required to be 2-3 cm deep, and the seedlings are thin. After planting, the water is supplied before 10:00 every day to protect the seedlings in sunny and high temperature days, and the water layer is 1 / 2 of the seedling height. The way is shown as Figure 3 After 16:00, the water layer in the field is cleared. During the tillering period, the water is irrigated shallowly and frequently every time after natural drying.

[0044] (10) Other diseases, insect pests, weed and fertilizer management, refer to large area production.

[0045] Table 1. Influence of different parent printing seedling specifications on heading dynamic

[0046] The leaf age of the printed seed adhered dry sowing and water sowing is similar (about 2 leaves) at 18 days after sowing (11 days for water sowing), and then the leaf age of the printed seed adhered seedling is smaller than that of the water sowing; the leaf age of the seedling in the test group increases with the increase of the size of the adhered seed, and the seedling can continue to grow to 7-8 leaves at 45 days of super-long seedling age; the two planting methods of machine planting and manual planting have little effect on the later growth of the seedling; the number of leaf blades of the main stem of the machine planting is 0-2 leaves more than that of the manual planting, the difference between the restorer lines is obvious, 1-2 leaves, and the difference between the sterile lines is small, 0-1 leaf. The planting duration of the printed seed adhered seedling machine planting is about 10 days longer than that of the water sowing, and there is slight difference between the varieties; the planting duration of different printed seed adhered sizes has little difference under the same seedling age, 0-2 days, and the planting duration of the small adhered size is about 1 day longer; under the same printed seed adhered size, the planting duration gradually increases with the extension of the seedling age, and the change rate of the planting duration of each variety is different, among which the change coefficient of the sterile line is smaller, the change coefficient of the restorer line is larger, and they all show the trend that the change coefficient gradually increases with the planting duration of the variety from short to long. The change coefficient of the water sowing is smaller than that of the printed seed adhered machine planting.

[0047] Table 2. Ear grain structure and yield of mother plant population with different row ratio unmanned aerial vehicle assisted pollination

[0048] Example 3 The third embodiment of the application also includes the test preparation and implementation process: The test site is located in a typical hybrid rice seed production area, which has flat terrain, perfect irrigation and drainage system, and soil type is loam, meeting the requirements of test site. Before the test, the climate data, soil fertility parameters and main cultivation information in the area in the past three years are collected, three commonly used hybrid rice seed production combinations are selected as test materials, which are marked as combination A, combination B and combination C, and four test treatment groups are set: treatment group (parent machine planting method of the application), control group 1 (traditional manual planting of parent + small row ratio planting), control group 2 (conventional machine planting of parent + large row ratio planting), control group 3 (unmanned aerial vehicle assisted machine planting of parent + medium row ratio planting), each group is set with 3 repetitions, and the plot area is consistent. Field management is kept uniform except for the parent planting method.

[0049] In the test preparation stage, based on the coupling model of the parent and child planting difference period and the machine planting seedling age period established by the application, the ecological adaptability parameters (stress resistance index, grain filling period adaptability parameter) and regional climate response parameters of each combination are input, the planting difference period coordination adaptability coefficient K of each combination is calculated through the formula, and the optimal seed production combination is selected.

[0050] The bed soil preparation adopts physical crushing and biological modifier cooperative treatment, and the specific ratio of organic matter and inorganic fertilizer is implemented for fertilization, and after screening, agricultural film is covered for soil conservation; The parent seeds meeting the quality standards are coated with a special coating agent in proportion, and the first-stage and second-stage parent seeds are adhered to the biodegradable paper tape according to a preset distribution mode through a printed dry-seed seeding system, and are sown in a specific length-width ratio seedling tray in time intervals, and the first-stage parent seeds are sown, and the second-stage parent seeds are sown after a certain interval.

[0051] The seedbed construction is performed according to a standardized process, and a self-propelled tray placing and soil filling and sowing integrated machine is used to complete the operations of tray placing, soil filling, sowing, and substrate covering, and after covering with non-woven fabric, flooding irrigation is performed to ensure that the dry seeds absorb sufficient water.

[0052] During the seedling raising period, the seedbed temperature, light, water, and air parameters are monitored in real time through intelligent sensing equipment, precise irrigation is performed based on the water tension threshold, the non-woven fabric is removed when the seedlings grow to the 2-leaf stage, and based on the leaf age diagnosis result, quick-acting nutrients are applied.

[0053] After the seedlings are cultivated to the appropriate age, the two-stage parent seedlings are unitized and integrated using a non-destructive splicing technology, are placed in a special carrier with an adjustable limiting structure, and are transferred to a 7-row high-speed transplanter seedling box equipped with a GNSS differential positioning system to complete spatial reconstruction.

[0054] During the transplanting operation, the treatment group sets the parent single-row transplanting parameters according to the wide-narrow row configuration mode, the transplanter realizes accurate positioning in the field through the navigation system, and the plant spacing and transplanting depth are dynamically adjusted during the transplanting process. After the parent transplanting is completed, the female parent is mechanically transplanted according to the preset row ratio. The field water management strictly follows the principles of “thin water and active seedlings, wet and promote tillering, shallow irrigation, and dry-wet alternation”. During the green-up period, a thin water layer is maintained, and during the tillering period, water is supplemented dynamically according to the soil moisture content. From the booting stage to the grain filling stage, a shallow water circulation combined with a dry-wet alternation regulation mode is adopted, and the entire process is guided by the data of the soil moisture content sensor to guide the irrigation operation.

[0055] The control group 1 uses manual line pulling to transplant the parent, and plants according to the traditional small row ratio. The control group 2 uses an ordinary high-speed transplanter to transplant the parent according to the large row ratio, without a special carrier and navigation assistance. The control group 3 uses the same model as the treatment group, but does not enable the GNSS differential positioning function, and plants according to the medium row ratio.

[0056] Table 3 Calculation results of the difference period coordination matching coefficient (K value) of the seed production combination of different treatment groups

[0057] Note: In the formula, the weight coefficients are α=0.35, β=0.30, γ=0.20, δ=0.15, λ=0.8, and the average suitable temperature is T=25℃, the soil fertility adaptation function is q(S)=1.20, and the precipitation rhythm response function is r(W)=1.10. ​

[0058] Table 4 quality index of father seedling raising of different treatment groups

[0059] Table 5 index of planting effect of different treatment groups of father

[0060] Table 6 different treatment groups of parent flower period meeting situation

[0061] Table 7 different treatment groups of seed production cost and benefit index

[0062] From table 3, the treatment group adopts the coupling model and the calculation method of the sowing difference period synergistic matching coefficient K established by the application, the K value of combination A is 1.86, which is significantly higher than that of each control group.

[0063] Through formula calculation, K=1.86.The result shows that the treatment group accurately selects the seed production combination with the optimal matching degree of ecological adaptability and stubble through multi-factor synergistic quantitative analysis, lays a foundation for subsequent flower period meeting and high yield, and each control group does not adopt the coupling model, but relies on experience to select combination, and the K value is generally lower than 1.45, so that the accurate regulation and control of growth process is difficult to realize.

[0064] Table 4 data shows that the germination rate, root-shoot ratio, stem thickness and seedling uniformity of the father of the treatment group are 96.8%, 0.82, 3.2mm and 93.5% respectively, which are significantly better than those of the control group. This advantage is due to the standardized seedling raising system of the application: the soil aggregate structure optimization technology and the synergistic fertilization of organic matter-inorganic fertilizer improve the physical and chemical properties of the bed soil; The seed coating technology effectively protects the biological activity; the printing seeding system realizes the accurate distribution of seeds; the synergistic regulation and control of temperature, light, water and air ensures the stability of the seedling growth environment, and finally cultivates healthy seedlings.

[0065] The control group 1 adopts the traditional water seedling raising method, lacks accurate regulation and control, and the seedling uniformity is only 82.3%; the control groups 2 and 3 do not adopt the special seedling raising tray and printing seeding technology, and the root-shoot ratio and stem thickness are lower than those of the treatment group.

[0066] In table 5, the planting uniformity of the treatment group is 95.2%, the missing planting rate is only 1.8%, the seedling damage rate is 2.3%, and the planting efficiency is 0.38hm 2 / h.

[0067] This is due to the GNSS differential positioning function of the intelligent transplanter and the two-period father nondestructive splicing technology, the adjustable limiting structure of the special carrier avoids seedling damage, and the navigation system realizes accurate field planting; And the control group 1 artificial efficiency is only 0.06hm 2 / h, the leakage rate is as high as 8.5%, and the uniformity is poor; the control groups 2 and 3 lack navigation assistance or non-destructive splicing technology, and the seedling damage rate is more than 7.9%, the planting uniformity is less than 84%, which highlights the technical advantages of the application in the planting link.

[0068] Table 6 data shows that the treatment group parent flower meeting rate is 92.6%, the flowering period lasts for 5.8d, the pollination effective time is 4.2h / d, and the pollen utilization rate is 86.3%, which are significantly higher than those of each control group.

[0069] The core reason is that the treatment group precisely controls the parent seedling process and planting time through coupling model and K value optimization, ensuring the synchronization of parent and female growth periods; And the control groups 1, 2 and 3 lack scientific growth process control system, the flower meeting rate is less than 80%, and the pollen utilization rate is less than 76%, which restricts the pollination effect.

[0070] Table 7 data shows that the total cost of the treatment group is only 6820 yuan / hm 2 , which is 29.9%, 14.3% and 16.3% lower than that of the control groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively; the input-output ratio is 1:4.2, which is significantly higher than that of each control group.

[0071] The artificial cost of the treatment group is only 1860 yuan / hm 2 , which is 4460 yuan / hm 2 lower than that of the control group 1; the core is that mechanized operation replaces a large amount of manual work; although the cost of mechanical operation is slightly higher than that of the control group 1, the total cost is still greatly reduced.

[0072] And the control group 1 relies on artificial planting and parent cutting, and the artificial cost accounts for more than 64%, and the input-output ratio is only 1:2.8; the cost reduction of the control groups 2 and 3 is limited due to imperfect technology, and the input-output ratio is lower than that of the treatment group.

[0073] In summary, the application solves the technical bottlenecks of poor parent machine insertion adaptability, difficult flower period meeting, low operation efficiency and high cost in traditional seed production through the synergistic effect of four technical modules of parent matching model, standardized seedling system, environmental control strategy and mechanized planting system.

[0074] The creativity lies in: precise selection of seed production combination is realized through coupling model and K value quantitative analysis, standardization of seedling and multi-factor control cultivate healthy seedlings, intelligent navigation and non-destructive splicing technology improve the quality of planting, and finally realize the double improvement of seed production yield and benefit, which provides a stable and reliable technical scheme for the whole process mechanization of hybrid rice seed production.

[0075] Example 4 Referring to Figure 3For a fourth embodiment of the present application, which differs from the first three embodiments, the following applies: Reference is made below Figure 3 which shows a structural diagram of an electronic device 300 suitable for use in implementing some embodiments of the present application. The electronic device in some embodiments of the present application can include, but is not limited to, a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a digital broadcast receiver, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a PAD (Tablet PC), a PMP (Portable Multimedia Player), a car terminal (e.g., a car navigation terminal), and the like, as well as a stationary terminal such as a digital TV, a desktop computer, and the like. Figure 3 The terminal device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functions and the range of use of embodiments of the present application.

[0076] As Figure 3 shown, the electronic device 300 can include a processing means (e.g., a central processor, a graphic processor, etc.) 301 that can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to programs stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 302 or loaded into a random access memory (RAM) 303 from a storage means 308. Various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 300 are also stored in the RAM 303. The processing means 301, the ROM 302, and the RAM 303 are connected to each other through a bus 304. An input / output (I / O) interface 305 is also connected to the bus 304.

[0077] In general, the following means can be connected to the I / O interface 305: an input means 306 including, for example, a touch screen, a touch pad, a keyboard, a mouse, a camera, a microphone, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and the like; an output means 307 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a speaker, a vibrator, and the like; a storage means 308 including, for example, a magnetic tape, a hard disk, and the like; and a communication means 309. The communication means 309 can allow the electronic device 300 to communicate wirelessly or by wire with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 3 The electronic device 300 is shown with various means, but it is understood that not all of the means shown are required to be implemented or present. More or fewer means can alternatively be implemented or present. Figure 3 Each block shown in the diagram in

[0078] Further, the storage medium of the embodiments of the present application stores program instructions capable of implementing all the methods described above, wherein the program instructions can be stored in the storage medium in the form of a software product, including a plurality of instructions to make a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various media capable of storing program codes, or a computer, a server, a mobile phone, a tablet terminal device, etc.

[0079] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application; the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for transplanting male rice seedlings to increase hybrid rice seed production yield while reducing costs and increasing efficiency, characterized in that: Implement according to the following procedure: Based on the ecological adaptability parameters of hybrid rice parents, a coupled model of the sowing difference between parents and the age of machine transplanting was established. Seed production combinations with suitable growth period characteristics were screened through the coupled model. Based on the agricultural time window of different cropping seasons, a regulation system for the growth process of male seedlings was constructed. Soil bed preparation was carried out using soil aggregate structure optimization technology. Fertilization was achieved through the synergistic effect of organic matter mineralization and inorganic nutrient slow release. Seed surface film coating technology was used to protect the biological activity of parent seeds. The male parent seeds were precisely adhered to biodegradable paper tape according to a preset geometric distribution pattern using a printed seeding dry seedling raising system. By using seedling trays with a specific length-to-width ratio to stagger the sowing of the first-stage and second-stage male parents in different time periods, a standardized cultivation system for male parent seedlings was established. By implementing a multi-factor synergistic regulation strategy for the seedbed environment based on temperature, light, water, and air, and combining it with a water tension threshold-based irrigation system and topdressing regulation technology based on leaf age diagnosis, we can cultivate male seedlings with ideal plant type characteristics and well-developed root system, and form a seedling quality evaluation index system. By using seedling physical morphology adaptation technology, the two-stage male parent seedlings are integrated into units. A special carrier is used to realize the spatial reconstruction of the male parent seedlings in the seedling box of the rice transplanter. The precise planting of the male parent rows is completed by an intelligent rice transplanter equipped with a GNSS differential positioning system. The spatial layout of the male and female parent plants is optimized based on the wide and narrow row configuration mode. A precise field water management scheme based on the physiological water requirement of the plants is established.

2. The method for transplanting male rice seedlings to increase hybrid rice seed production yield and reduce costs and increase efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling model of parental sowing difference period and machine transplanting age period uses parental growth period characteristics, temperature sensitivity coefficient, and light demand threshold as core input parameters. The ecological adaptability parameters include stress resistance indicators, grain-filling period adaptability parameters, and regional climate response parameters. The precise screening of seed production combinations is achieved through weighted analysis of the core input parameters.

3. The method for transplanting male rice seedlings to increase hybrid rice seed production yield and reduce costs and increase efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aforementioned male parent seedling growth process regulation system, a sowing difference period synergistic adaptation coefficient is introduced for dynamic optimization, and its calculation expression is as follows: Wherein, K is the co-fit coefficient of the sowing period; f(T) is the temperature response function, g(L) is the light adaptation function, h(P) is the crop rotation timing matching function, k(M) is the humidity effect correction function, q(S) is the soil fertility adaptation function, and r(W) is the precipitation rhythm response function; α, β, γ, and δ are the weighting coefficients corresponding to each main effect factor, λ is the sensitivity coefficient of temperature deviation from the threshold, and T is the mean of the suitable temperature of the parent lines.

4. The method for transplanting male rice seedlings to increase hybrid rice seed production yield and reduce costs and increase efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil aggregate structure optimization technology adopts a synergistic approach of physical crushing and biological amendments. The fertilization treatment achieves balanced nutrient supply through the regulation of organic matter decomposition and the design of inorganic nutrient gradient release; The seed surface film-forming coating technology contains disease-preventing active ingredients and growth-promoting factors, forming a composite coating layer.

5. The method for transplanting male rice seedlings to increase hybrid rice seed production yield and reduce costs and increase efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling tray with a specific aspect ratio is made of lightweight, high-strength composite material; The biodegradable paper tape is infused with water-retaining and moisture-retaining components, and the surface adhesion sites are designed according to the principle of uniform distribution.

6. The method for transplanting male rice seedlings to increase hybrid rice seed production yield and reduce costs and increase efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-factor coordinated regulation strategy of temperature, light, water and air collects environmental parameters in real time through intelligent sensing devices. The irrigation system is controlled in a closed loop based on the dynamic threshold of substrate moisture tension. The aforementioned topdressing regulation technology uses leaf color value and leaf age index as diagnostic indicators to achieve precise matching between nutrient supply and seedling growth needs.

7. The method for transplanting male rice seedlings to increase hybrid rice seed production yield and reduce costs and increase efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two phases of paternal seedling unitization integration adopts non-destructive splicing technology; The special carrier is equipped with an adjustable limiting structure to adapt to different seedling tray specifications; The intelligent rice transplanter integrates an adaptive plant spacing adjustment function, which dynamically corrects the planting depth based on field positioning data.

8. The method for transplanting male rice seedlings to increase hybrid rice seed production yield and reduce costs and increase efficiency according to claim 7, characterized in that, The field water precision management program is based on plant transpiration rate and soil moisture monitoring data. It adopts a phased water regulation mode, sets differentiated water management targets for the greening stage, tillering stage and heading stage, and achieves water supply and demand balance through automated control of the irrigation and drainage system.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that... include: One or more processors; A storage device on which one or more programs are stored; When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having executable instructions stored thereon, characterized in that... When executed by the processor, this instruction causes the processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1-8.

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