Front-end pretreatment equipment for dredging engineering
By using a non-circular cam and elastic extrusion element with angular vibration design and a folded plate bottom plate structure, the problems of screen blockage and screen clogging in dredging equipment are solved, achieving efficient and self-cleaning dredged material screening, adapting to harsh working conditions and reducing energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511703723.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing dredging equipment is prone to screen clogging and screen sticking when processing sticky and wet dredged materials, resulting in reduced screening efficiency, high energy consumption, and inability to effectively process particles with particle sizes similar to the screen aperture size.
By employing the interaction between a non-circular cam and an elastic extruder, alternating shear force is generated through the angular vibration of the screen frame. Combined with the angled plate bottom plate design, the material is rapidly spread and finely screened. The screening equipment is driven by the gravitational potential energy of the dredged material itself.
It achieves self-cleaning and anti-clogging capabilities for screening equipment, improves screening efficiency and equipment adaptability, reduces energy consumption, and adapts to harsh working conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN121244524A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of offshore dredging, in particular to a front-end pretreatment device for dredging engineering. BACKGROUND
[0002] In dredging of rivers, lakes and seas, port and channel expansion projects, etc., a large amount of dredged material with complex components will be produced, which is mainly a mixture of water, mud, sand, gravel, shells and household garbage. Before the subsequent resource utilization of these dredged materials such as sand and stone separation and sludge solidification, efficient front-end pretreatment is required, that is, through screening, large debris and usable aggregate and fine mud are separated. The dredged material often contains large particles such as stones, branches and plastics, which can easily cause pump body jamming if directly entering the sand pump and mud-sand separation equipment. At present, the pretreatment equipment widely used in this field is mainly a vibrating screen based on an inertial exciter (such as a circular vibrating screen and a linear vibrating screen). Such equipment relies on a motor to drive an eccentric block to rotate, generating an excitation force perpendicular to the screen surface or in the direction of the screen surface, causing the screen and the material to make overall throwing or sliding motion. This traditional vibration mode is prone to compaction effect rather than peeling effect on the adhesion layer when dealing with sticky and wet dredged material due to the normal force generated by vibration; at the same time, the shear force in the direction parallel to the screen surface is single and insufficient, which cannot effectively destroy the microscopic adhesion key between the material and the screen. As a result, a layer of dense "mud cake" is formed on the surface of the screen, quickly clogging the screen holes, causing the so-called "mud cake" phenomenon, resulting in a sharp decrease in screening efficiency. For critical particles with particle size similar to the size of the screen hole, it is difficult for the traditional up-and-down or linear vibration mode to make them turn or jump in the screen hole, which can easily cause clogging, further reducing the effective through area of the screen hole. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field for a new type of screening device that can actively generate strong alternating shear force to efficiently prevent clogging and adapt to harsh working conditions while reducing energy consumption. SUMMARY
[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a front-end pretreatment device for dredging engineering, which not only realizes rapid screening of materials, but also overcomes the problem of clogging of sticky and wet materials in the screen holes, has the ability to prevent clogging, and thus ensures efficient, continuous and automated operation of the front-end pretreatment of dredging engineering.
[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present application is implemented by the following technical scheme: a dredging engineering front-end pretreatment equipment, comprising a rack and a screen frame, the screen frame is rotationally connected to the rack through a rotating shaft, the axis of the rotating shaft deviates from the center of gravity of the screen frame, a non-circular cam is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft, a fixed ring is correspondingly arranged on the rack, two radially slidable extrusion pieces are horizontally distributed in the fixed ring, the two extrusion pieces are connected with the fixed ring through elastic pieces, the screen frame is configured to swing around the rotating shaft under the impact of dredging materials and the change of its own center of gravity, and angular vibration around the axis of the rotating shaft is generated through the interaction of the non-circular cam, the extrusion pieces and the elastic pieces.
[0005] Preferably, the front surface and the back surface of the extrusion piece are provided with limiting strips, and an axial movable gap is arranged between the limiting strips and the end surface of the fixed ring.
[0006] Preferably, when the swing amplitude of the screen frame is within a first threshold range, the non-circular cam and the extrusion piece are allowed to maintain a non-contact or slight contact state, so that the angular vibration of the screen frame is mainly driven by the change of the center of gravity of the materials.
[0007] Preferably, the axial movable gap is configured such that when the swing amplitude of the screen frame exceeds a second threshold, the non-circular cam will overcome the gap and compress the extrusion piece and the elastic piece, so that the elastic potential energy stored and released by the elastic piece becomes one of the main driving forces of the angular vibration of the screen frame.
[0008] Preferably, the bottom plate of the screen frame is a folding angle plate, comprising a large-angle screening section and a small-angle screening section connected with each other, the large-angle screening section is located at the distal end of the rotating shaft, and the small-angle screening section is located at the proximal end of the rotating shaft.
[0009] Preferably, an upper portion of the inner wall of the screen frame is provided with a guide plate for guiding the dredging materials to the right side of the inner portion.
[0010] Preferably, the elastic piece is a high-strength elastic steel plate.
[0011] Preferably, the non-circular cam is an elliptical block, and is an integral molding structure with the rotating shaft.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The invention converts the swing of the screen frame into angular vibration around the axis of the rotating shaft through the interaction of the non-circular cam and the elastic extrusion piece. This form of movement makes each point on the screen surface produce tangential acceleration, thereby exerting continuous alternating shear force on the sticky and wet material on the screen surface. The direction of the shear force is parallel to the screen surface, which can directly and efficiently destroy the microscopic adhesion between the material and the screen surface, fundamentally overcoming the compaction effect that may be caused by traditional vertical vibration, realizing continuous online self-cleaning, and making the device have excellent self-cleaning and anti-clogging ability, solving the industry problems of paste net and screen hole clogging.
[0013] 2. The dredging engineering front-end pretreatment equipment makes the material on the screen plate always in a fluffy and rolling active state through continuous angular vibration, greatly promoting the layering and fine particle screening of the material. On the other hand, the design of the angle plate type bottom plate first realizes the rapid spreading and primary screening of the material by using the large-angle screening section, and then prolongs the residence time of the material for fine screening by using the small-angle screening section. It can achieve the purpose of significantly improving the overall processing capacity of the equipment while ensuring the screening effect.
[0014] 3. The invention does not need an external vibration motor, and the energy of the angular vibration is directly derived from the gravitational potential energy of the dredging material falling. The energy conversion and amplification are realized through a pure mechanical structure, which has inherent energy-saving characteristics. There are no easily damaged electronic control elements, which are particularly suitable for the harsh working conditions of high humidity and much silt in the dredging site, further making the applicability of the device stronger. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the screen frame of the invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the rack of the invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the fixed ring structure of the invention; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional structure of the fixed ring of the invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rotating shaft of the invention; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the invention; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the extrusion piece structure of the invention.
[0016] Among them, 1, rack; 2, screen frame; 3, rotating shaft; 4, oval block; 5, fixed ring; 6, extrusion piece; 7, limiting strip; 8, guide groove; 9, elastic piece; 10, guide plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] As Figures 1-8As shown, the dredging engineering front-end pretreatment equipment provided by the embodiment mainly comprises a rack 1, a screen frame 2, a rotating shaft 3, an angular vibration generating mechanism and a guide plate 10. The rack 1 serves as a basic support structure of the whole equipment and has sufficient rigidity and strength. The screen frame 2 is rotationally connected with a rotating shaft 3 through bearing seats in the middle of the two side plates of the screen frame 2, and the two ends of the rotating shaft 3 are fixedly installed on the rack 1. A key design is that the axis of the rotating shaft 3 is arranged to deviate from the center of gravity of the screen frame 2. Specifically, the center of gravity of the screen frame 2 is located at the rear of the axis of the rotating shaft 3, that is, close to one side of the feed inlet. This design makes the screen frame 2 naturally maintain an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane under the action of its own gravity moment without external force, so that the screen frame 2 can be kept in a stable state and the vibration of the screen frame 2 is not affected by the external force. Figure 1The illustrated initial working posture is inclined with the inlet end high and the outlet end low. The bottom plate of the screen frame 2 is designed as a folding angle plate, specifically including a large-angle screening section and a small-angle screening section connected with each other. The large-angle screening section is located at the distal end of the rotating shaft 3, and has a larger angle with the horizontal plane; the small-angle screening section is located at the proximal end of the rotating shaft 3, and has a smaller angle with the horizontal plane. The folding angle design can first utilize the large-angle section to realize rapid thinning and primary screening of the material, and then utilize the small-angle section to prolong the residence time of the material for fine screening. The angular vibration generating mechanism. The mechanism mainly includes an elliptical block 4 fixed on the rotating shaft 3, a fixed ring 5 fixed on the rack 1, and a plurality of extrusion pieces 6 and elastic pieces 9 arranged in the fixed ring 5. The elliptical block 4 is preferably an integral molding structure with the rotating shaft 3, ensuring that it reliably rotates with the rotating shaft 3. The fixed ring 5 is firmly installed on the rack 1 through a support. Two guide grooves 8 are uniformly opened on the inner wall of the fixed ring 5 in the circumferential direction, and the number of the extrusion pieces 6 corresponds to the number of the guide grooves 8. Each extrusion piece 6 is matched with the guide groove 8 through the protrusions or grooves arranged on the outer surface of the extrusion piece 6, so that the extrusion piece 6 can slide in the radial direction of the fixed ring 5 without rotating in the circumferential direction. The elastic piece 9 is installed in the guide groove 8, one end of which abuts against the fixed ring 5, and the other end abuts against the extrusion piece 6. Under the pre-pressure of the elastic piece 9, the extrusion piece 6 is continuously pushed to the center of the fixed ring 5. The front surface and the back surface of the extrusion piece 6 are provided with limiting strips 7, and an axial movement gap is reserved between the limiting strips 7 and the end surface of the fixed ring 5. This gap is the key to realizing the intelligent response of the device to different working conditions. Within the normal swing amplitude of the screen frame 2, the gap allows the elliptical block 4 and the extrusion piece 6 to maintain a "close and far" contact state, at which time the angular vibration of the screen frame 2 is mainly driven by the gravitational torque generated by the shift of the center of gravity of the material, the damping of the mechanism is small, and the energy efficiency is extremely high. When the feed amount increases sharply or is impacted by large pieces of material, the swing amplitude of the screen frame 2 increases, and the elliptical block 4 will overcome the gap and significantly compress the extrusion piece 6 and the elastic piece 9. At this time, the storage and release of elastic potential energy become an important auxiliary power for angular vibration, generating stronger vibration force to handle high load and protect the mechanism from rigid impact. In addition, a flow guide plate 10 is arranged above the inner wall of the screen frame 2. The flow guide plate 10 is an arc-shaped plate, which guides and uniformly spreads the dredged material falling on the large-angle screening section Working principle After the installation of the device, due to the axis of the rotating shaft 3 deviating from the center of gravity of the screen frame 2, the screen frame 2 automatically maintains the initial working posture of being inclined with the inlet end being higher and the outlet end being lower under the action of its own gravity moment. The dredged material falls into the inlet and is first uniformly spread onto the large-angle screening section of the bottom plate of the screen frame 2 through the guidance of the guide plate 10, and the dredged material impacts and accumulates on the screen frame 2, destroying the original gravity balance. The sliding of the material on the screen surface causes the continuous change of the center of gravity of the screen frame 2, thereby generating a gravity moment that drives the screen frame 2 to swing around the rotating shaft 3. At the same time, the elliptical block 4 fixed on the rotating shaft 3 also rotates. Under the condition of normal and continuous feeding, the swing amplitude of the screen frame 2 is controlled to be in a state of being close to or slightly contacting the extrusion piece 6. At this time, due to the axial clearance between the limiting strip 7 and the end face of the fixed ring 5, the damping generated by the angular vibration generating mechanism is small. The angular vibration of the screen frame 2 is mainly driven and maintained by the inertia of the change of the center of gravity of the material, and the energy efficiency is extremely high. When the screen frame 2 is started, lightly loaded or impacted by large blocks of material, the swing amplitude of the screen frame 2 is intensified. The rotation of the elliptical block 4 will overcome the above-mentioned clearance and begin to significantly compress the extrusion piece 6, forcing the extrusion piece 6 to slide radially against the elastic force of the elastic piece 9. At this time, the elastic piece 9 is fully compressed and stored, and then quickly released, and the elastic potential energy stored therein is converted into strong power for the return swing of the screen frame 2, which cooperates with the gravity moment to generate more intense angular vibration dominated by the mechanical structure, so as to ensure the stable operation of the device and handle high loads. The above process is repeated, so that the screen frame 2 generates stable and continuous angular vibration around the axis of the rotating shaft 3. This angular vibration generates strong alternating shear force on the bottom plate of the screen frame 2. For sticky dredged material, this shear force can efficiently destroy the adhesion between the mud and the screen, preventing the phenomenon of "mud sticking to the screen". At the same time, for the critical particles stuck in the screen holes, the rapid torsional swing of the screen plate makes it difficult for them to stay stably, so they are loosened and bounced out, realizing the online and continuous self-cleaning of the device. Under the action of angular vibration and its own gravity, the material is first quickly thinned and preliminarily screened on the large-angle screening section, and then rolls to the small-angle screening section, prolongs the residence time, and performs more fine screening. The qualified fine particle material passes through the screen, and the large particle impurities and household garbage are discharged from the discharge port at the end of the screen frame 2, completing the entire screening process.
[0018] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A dredging engineering front-end pre-treatment apparatus comprising a frame (1) and a screen frame (2), characterized in that: The frame (1) is rotatably connected with the screen frame (2) through a rotating shaft (3), the axis of the rotating shaft (3) deviates from the center of gravity of the screen frame (2); a non-circular cam (4) is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (3), and a fixed ring (5) is correspondingly arranged on the frame (1), two radially slidable extrusion pieces (6) are horizontally distributed in the fixed ring (5), and the two extrusion pieces (6) are connected with the fixed ring (5) through elastic pieces (9); the screen frame (2) is configured to swing around the rotating shaft (3) under the impact of dredged material and the change of its own center of gravity, and angular vibration around the axis of the rotating shaft (3) is generated through the interaction of the non-circular cam (4) with the extrusion pieces (6) and the elastic pieces (9).
2. A dredging engineering front-end pre-treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front and back surfaces of the extrusion piece (6) are provided with limiting strips (7), and an axial movable gap is arranged between the limiting strips (7) and the end surface of the fixed ring (5).
3. A dredging engineering front-end pre-treatment apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the swing amplitude of the screen frame (2) is within a first threshold range, the non-circular cam (4) and the extrusion piece (6) are allowed to maintain a non-contact or slight contact state, so that the angular vibration of the screen frame (2) is mainly driven by the change of the center of gravity of the material.
4. A dredging engineering front-end pre-treatment apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axial movable gap is configured such that when the swing amplitude of the screen frame (2) exceeds a second threshold, the non-circular cam (4) will overcome the gap and compress the extrusion piece (6) and the elastic piece (9), so that the elastic potential energy stored and released by the elastic piece (9) becomes one of the main driving forces for the angular vibration of the screen frame (2).
5. A dredging engineering front-end pre-treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate of the screen frame (2) is a folded angle plate, including a large-angle screening section and a small-angle screening section connected with each other, the large-angle screening section is located at the distal end of the rotating shaft (3), and the small-angle screening section is located at the proximal end of the rotating shaft (3).
6. A dredging engineering front-end pre-treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide plate (10) is arranged on the upper part of the inner wall of the screen frame (2) for guiding the dredged material to the right side of the screen frame (2).
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The elastic piece (9) is a high-strength elastic steel plate.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The non-circular cam (4) is an elliptical block, and is an integral molding structure with the rotating shaft (3).