Floating type offshore wind plant submarine cable visualization device and monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a visual protection device for submarine cables of a floating type offshore wind plant and a monitoring method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of offshore wind plant safety monitoring and protection. The invention aims to solve the key problem that a submarine cable in an offshore wind plant is easily damaged due to ship anchoring threat. The protection device is of a floating body structure, the light-emitting assembly and the wave energy collecting device are installed on the floating body structure, the floating body is stably connected with the submarine cable sleeve through the flexible fixed-length rod, the sensor is arranged in the submarine cable sleeve, and displacement, stress and pressure changes of the submarine cable can be monitored in real time. The monitoring method comprises the steps that the sensor transmits monitoring data to the control circuit of the light-emitting assembly, and when a ship approaches, the light-emitting assembly sends out warning light signals with different colors and flicker frequencies according to the received data to remind the ship to prevent an anchor chain from hooking a submarine cable in time. The method is remarkable in expected effect, submarine cable damage can be effectively prevented, the operation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced, the overall safety of the wind power plant is remarkably improved, and a powerful guarantee is provided for safe operation of the offshore wind power plant.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of offshore wind farm safety monitoring and protection, and particularly relates to a floating offshore wind farm sea cable visualization device and a monitoring method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important component of clean energy, offshore wind power has been rapidly developing worldwide in recent years. With the continuous progress of technology and the gradual reduction of costs, the construction scale of offshore wind farms is expanding, becoming an important force to promote energy structure transformation and achieve carbon neutralization goals. In this context, as a key facility for power transmission in offshore wind farms, the safety and reliability of sea cables are directly related to the operational efficiency and economic benefits of the entire wind farm.

[0003] Traditionally, sea cables are usually laid on the seabed. Although this deployment method effectively utilizes marine space, it also poses many safety hazards. Among them, the anchoring operation of passing ships is an important safety hazard. Anchor chains are extremely easy to hook sea cables during anchoring and unanchoring, causing surface wear and internal wire breakage of sea cables, and even causing serious consequences such as overall breakage of sea cables. These damages not only cause power transmission interruptions, affecting the normal power generation and power supply capacity of wind farms, but also bring huge economic losses and safety risks to offshore wind farms.

[0004] Currently, for the safety monitoring and protection of sea cables, the industry has proposed and implemented various technical means. For example, some technologies set warning signs near the sea cable or use sonar equipment for detection in order to remind ships to avoid the sea cable area. However, these means have obvious limitations in actual application. Warning signs are often difficult to be clearly identified by ships in rough sea conditions, especially at night or in low visibility conditions, and their warning effect is greatly reduced. While sonar detection equipment can detect approaching ships to some extent, it is difficult to display the current state of the sea cable in real time and intuitively, and cannot effectively prevent the direct hooking of anchor chains on the sea cable.

[0005] In addition, existing sea cable monitoring technologies also have monitoring blind spots and cannot fully cover all possible damaged areas of the sea cable. In some complex sea conditions or areas with frequent ship activities, the risk of sea cable damage is particularly prominent, and traditional monitoring methods often cannot timely detect these potential threats, resulting in delayed protective measures and inability to effectively avoid sea cable damage accidents.

[0006] Specifically, the existing submarine cable scouring monitoring and early warning protection system, such as the submarine cable scouring monitoring and early warning protection system and method disclosed in CN112216068A, can realize real-time monitoring of submarine cable scouring through detection of the surrounding environment information of the submarine cable, but its main concern is the scouring problem of the submarine cable, and its monitoring and early warning capability for human factors such as ship anchoring is limited. At the same time, the stability and adaptability of the system in complex marine environments still need to be further improved.

[0007] In addition, for example, the marine dynamic cable protection device disclosed in CN117810895B provides constraints in the vertical and horizontal directions of the submarine cable, reducing the possibility of interference between adjacent submarine cables, but it is mainly applicable to the protection of dynamic cables and is not completely applicable to the monitoring and protection of static submarine cables. In addition, the flexibility and response speed of the device in dealing with sudden events such as ship anchoring still need to be improved.

[0008] Again, the wave-compensating submarine cable assembly for floating offshore wind turbines disclosed in CN118889312B can compensate for the length of the submarine cable and release the clamping during a typhoon to reduce damage to the submarine cable during the typhoon, but its main concern is the wave adaptability of the submarine cable, and its monitoring and early warning capability for common safety hazards such as ship anchoring during daily operation is insufficient.

[0009] In summary, the existing submarine cable monitoring and protection technology has obvious deficiencies in real-time, intuitiveness and comprehensiveness, and it is difficult to meet the urgent needs of offshore wind farms for safe and stable operation of submarine cables. In particular, in terms of dealing with submarine cable damage caused by human factors such as ship anchoring, there is still a lot of room for improvement in existing technology. Therefore, the development of a device that can effectively prevent ship anchoring from hooking submarine cables and achieve real-time visual monitoring of submarine cables is of great significance for ensuring the safe operation of offshore wind farms and reducing operation and maintenance costs. SUMMARY

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device and its monitoring method, to overcome the deficiencies of existing submarine cable monitoring and protection technology, to solve the problem of submarine cable damage caused by ship anchoring, and to achieve real-time dynamic monitoring of submarine cable status and visual warning of ships, ultimately ensuring the safe and stable operation of offshore wind farm submarine cables.

[0011] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device and its monitoring method specifically include: (I) Floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device The core structure of the floating offshore wind farm sea cable visualization device of the present application includes a floating body, a light-emitting assembly, a wave energy collection device, an air bag, a flexible fixed-length rod, and a sea cable sleeve. The structure design, material selection, connection relationship, and functional synergy of each component are as follows: 1. Floating body The floating body is the main support structure of the device, made of lightweight high-strength glass steel, with excellent wind and wave resistance and seawater corrosion resistance, suitable for long-term complex marine environments. The overall structure of the floating body is streamlined, effectively reducing the impact of waves on the device and ensuring stable floating. The upper half of the floating body is used to assemble the light-emitting assembly, and the lower half is set to a polygonal structure, preferably a hexagonal structure, with one wave energy collection device fixed on each side to collect wave energy in all directions and avoid energy collection blind spots.

[0012] 2. Light-emitting assembly The light-emitting assembly is assembled on the upper half of the floating body and consists of several high-brightness LED beads and a control circuit. The LED beads are evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper half of the floating body, forming a 360° omnidirectional lighting structure to ensure that ships of different headings can clearly capture the warning signal. The power input end of the control circuit is electrically connected to the power output end of the wave energy collection device, and the signal input end is electrically connected to the sensor signal output end in the sea cable sleeve. The light-emitting assembly can control the light color (yellow, red) and flashing frequency of the LED beads according to the sea cable state monitoring signal transmitted by the sensor based on the preset logic, achieving hierarchical warning for ships.

[0013] 3. Wave energy collection device The wave energy collection device is fixed to each side of the hexagonal structure of the lower half of the floating body and internally integrates an energy conversion mechanism and a rechargeable battery. The energy conversion mechanism includes a mechanical transmission device and a generator. When the wave fluctuates and drives the floating body to move up and down, back and forth, or the flat plate flips, the mechanical transmission device converts the mechanical energy of the wave into rotary power to drive the generator to rotate and generate electricity. The generated electricity is stored in the rechargeable battery through the charging circuit, providing continuous and stable power support for the light-emitting assembly, the sensor in the sea cable sleeve, and other electrical components, without relying on external power supply, meeting the use requirements in remote marine environments.

[0014] 4. Air bag The air bag is fixedly connected to the lower part of the floating body and is made of rubber material resistant to seawater corrosion and wear. The air bag is filled with a predetermined amount of gas, providing additional buoyancy to ensure that the floating body remains stable in complex sea conditions such as wind, waves, and currents, while avoiding additional pressure on the sea cable caused by the weight of the device, without affecting the normal stress and displacement of the sea cable.

[0015] 5. Flexible fixed-length rod The flexible fixed-length rods are arranged in the middle of the floating body and are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction (the number can be adjusted according to the diameter of the submarine cable and the sea conditions, and is usually 3-6), and are made of an alloy material with high elastic modulus and seawater corrosion resistance; one end of each flexible fixed-length rod is fixedly connected with the floating body, and the other end is fixedly connected with the submarine cable sleeve; the fixed-length characteristic can accurately measure the distance change between the floating body and the submarine cable sleeve, and then inversely calculate the displacement change of the submarine cable, so as to provide data for the submarine cable state evaluation; and the flexible characteristic allows the submarine cable to freely move within a certain range, thereby avoiding the adverse effect on the normal stress of the submarine cable.

[0016] 6、Submarine cable sleeve The submarine cable sleeve is a cylindrical transparent polycarbonate structure, which is sleeved outside the submarine cable and closely combined with the submarine cable, and the transparent material facilitates auxiliary observation of the appearance state of the submarine cable; the displacement sensor, the strain sensor and the pressure sensor are integrated inside the submarine cable sleeve; the displacement sensor is used for real-time monitoring of the position change of the submarine cable, the strain sensor is used for monitoring the stress deformation of the submarine cable, and the pressure sensor is used for monitoring the seawater pressure and external collision pressure borne by the submarine cable; the signal output ends of the sensors are electrically connected with the control circuit of the light-emitting assembly, and the real-time monitoring data can be transmitted to the control circuit, thereby providing core data support for the warning logic judgment and the submarine cable health state evaluation.

[0017] (II) Monitoring method Based on the floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device, the application further provides a floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization monitoring method. After the device is deployed along the submarine cable of the offshore wind farm, the wave energy collecting device continuously collects ocean wave energy and converts it into electric energy, which is stored in the rechargeable battery to power the entire device; the sensors in the submarine cable sleeve collect the displacement, stress and pressure data of the submarine cable in real time and transmit them to the control circuit; the control circuit judges whether the submarine cable is threatened by the anchor hook of a ship according to the data: When the ship is at a first preset range (far away from the threat) from the submarine cable, the control circuit controls the LED lamp beads to emit yellow flashing light to preliminarily warn the ship; When the ship is at a second preset range (closer to the threat, prone to anchor hooking) from the submarine cable, the control circuit controls the LED lamp beads to switch to red high-frequency flashing light to strongly warn the ship to stay away; Meanwhile, the fixed-length characteristic of the flexible fixed-length rod in combination with the sensor data can accurately evaluate the displacement change of the submarine cable, assist in judging the health status of the submarine cable, and realize the integrated function of "monitoring-warning-state evaluation".

[0018] The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device and the monitoring method thereof provided by the application have the following beneficial effects: 1. The application effectively solves the key technical problem that the submarine cable in the offshore wind farm is easily damaged by the anchor of a ship, and overcomes the limitations of poor real-time performance, limited monitoring range and high operation and maintenance cost of current submarine cable safety monitoring and protection means.

[0019] 2. The application realizes self-power supply through the wave energy collection device, reduces dependence on external power supply, reduces operation and maintenance cost, and solves the problem of power supply in remote offshore areas.

[0020] 3. The light-emitting assembly cooperates with the submarine cable sleeve to provide 360° omnidirectional hierarchical warning function (yellow flicker→red high-frequency flicker), which can directly remind the approaching ship to move away from the submarine cable area, avoid the anchor hooking the submarine cable from the source, and greatly reduce the probability of submarine cable damage.

[0021] 4. The streamlined design and light weight high strength glass steel material of the floating body, combined with the hexagonal structure and air bag design, ensure the stability and corrosion resistance of the floating body in complex sea conditions, and improve the reliability and service life of the device.

[0022] 5. The displacement sensor, strain sensor and pressure sensor arranged in the submarine cable sleeve can monitor the displacement, stress and pressure change of the submarine cable in real time, realize full-dimensional detection and monitoring, and accurately grasp the health status of the submarine cable.

[0023] 6. The linkage design of the light-emitting assembly and the sensor sends light signals of different colors and flicker frequencies according to the monitoring data, providing real-time dynamic monitoring and visual warning function, and improving the timeliness and reliability of submarine cable protection.

[0024] 7. The wave energy collection device converts multiple direction wave energy into electric energy to provide stable power support for the light-emitting assembly and the sensor, ensuring long-term stable operation of the device.

[0025] 8. The device uses materials and structures resistant to seawater corrosion and wind and wave resistance (such as glass steel floating body, rubber air bag and alloy flexible rod), which can adapt to complex and harsh marine environment and enhance the environmental adaptability of the device.

[0026] 9. The application reduces the frequency of manual inspection through automatic detection and hierarchical early warning function, reduces the operation and maintenance cost, and accurately locates the fault information, shortens the fault response and maintenance time.

[0027] 10. The technical scheme of the application guarantees the continuous and stable power generation of the wind farm, improves the safety of the offshore wind farm, and provides a new solution for the safety protection of the submarine cable of the offshore wind farm.

[0028] 11. The detection method of this invention covers the device's own performance (electrical energy, light emission, airbag, flexible rod) and the status of the submarine cable (real-time data, trends, and anomaly linkage), which not only ensures the reliable operation of the device but also improves the comprehensiveness of monitoring.

[0029] 12. The present invention has a reasonable structural design, is easy to install and maintain, and improves the overall efficiency and effectiveness of submarine cable protection for offshore wind farms. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the float and airbag of this device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the float of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Float; 2. Light-emitting component; 3. Wave energy harvesting device; 4. Airbag; 5. Flexible fixed-length rod; 6. Submarine cable sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device and its monitoring method, which mainly consists of a float 1, a light-emitting component 2, a wave energy acquisition device 3, an airbag 4, a flexible fixed-length rod 5, and a submarine cable sleeve 6.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the float 1 is made of lightweight, high-strength fiberglass with a streamlined structure. This design gives it excellent resistance to wind and waves and corrosion, enabling it to adapt to the complex and harsh marine environment. The upper part of the float 1 is equipped with a light-emitting component 2, which consists of several high-brightness LED beads and a control circuit. The LED beads are evenly distributed circumferentially along the upper part of the float 1, forming a 360° omnidirectional light-emitting structure to ensure warning light is emitted in all directions. The control circuit receives monitoring signals and controls the illumination state of the LED beads. Its power input is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery of the wave energy harvesting device 3, and its signal input is electrically connected to the sensor inside the submarine cable sleeve 6.

[0033] The lower half of the floating body 1 is provided in a polygonal structure, and each side of the polygonal structure is provided with a wave energy collection device 3. The wave energy collection device 3 is internally provided with an energy conversion mechanism, including a mechanical transmission device and a generator, which can convert the mechanical energy of the wave into electrical energy. The electrical energy output end of the generator is electrically connected with a rechargeable battery through a charging circuit, and the rechargeable battery is used for storing electrical energy to realize continuous power supply. The charging circuit also has an electric quantity monitoring function. When the electric quantity is lower than a preset threshold, the transmission ratio of the mechanical transmission device in the wave energy collection device 3 is adjusted to improve the energy conversion efficiency; when the electric quantity is higher than the preset threshold, the energy conversion efficiency is reduced to avoid overcharging of the battery.

[0034] As shown in Figure 2 The lower part of the floating body 1 is connected with an air bag 4, which is made of a rubber material resistant to seawater corrosion and wear, including chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and fluororubber (FKM), and is internally filled with a preset amount of gas to provide additional buoyancy for the device and ensure stable floating of the device in complex sea conditions.

[0035] A plurality of flexible fixed-length rods 5 are uniformly arranged in the middle of the floating body 1 in the circumferential direction, and the flexible fixed-length rods 5 are made of an alloy material with high elastic modulus and resistant to seawater corrosion, and the length is a preset fixed value. In this embodiment, four flexible fixed-length rods 5 are selected according to the diameter of the submarine cable and the sea conditions, one end of each flexible fixed-length rod 5 is connected with the floating body 1, and the other end is connected with the submarine cable sleeve 6, which can not only realize reliable connection between the floating body 1 and the submarine cable sleeve 6, but also accurately measure the displacement change of the submarine cable.

[0036] The submarine cable sleeve 6 is a cylindrical structure and is made of transparent polycarbonate material, and is sleeved on the outside of the submarine cable and closely attached to the submarine cable. The submarine cable sleeve 6 is internally provided with a displacement sensor, a strain sensor and a pressure sensor, which are respectively used for monitoring the displacement, stress and pressure change of the submarine cable, and converting the monitoring data into electrical signals and transmitting them to the control circuit of the light emitting component 2.

[0037] Embodiment 2 In another preferred embodiment, on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device, which clearly defines the parameters, assembly logic and deployment process of each core component, so as to ensure that the device can meet the real-time monitoring and visualization warning needs of the submarine cable of the offshore wind farm and prevent the risk of the submarine cable being hooked by the anchor of a ship.

[0038] I. Core component parameters and selection 1. Floating body 1 Material: Light weight and high strength glass steel (model E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin) is selected, with a density of 1.8 g / cm³, a bending strength of ≥300 MPa, and a seawater corrosion resistance level reaching the marine environment corrosion resistance requirements in GB / T 12771-2019 "Stainless Steel Welded Steel Pipes for Fluid Transportation"; Structure size: The overall shape is streamlined, with a diameter of 1.2 m and a height of 0.8 m; the upper half is 0.3 m high and is used to assemble the light emitting assembly 2; the lower half is 0.5 m high and has a regular hexagonal structure (the circumscribed circle diameter of the hexagon is 0.9 m), with a length of 0.45 m on each side, and one wave energy collection device 3 installation interface (threaded interface M16) reserved on each side.

[0039] 2. Light emitting assembly 2 LED lamp beads: High-brightness white light LED (Light Emitting Diode) (model SMD5050) is selected, with a single power of 0.5 W and a luminous intensity of ≥5000 mcd, and a color temperature of 5000 K; a total of 8, evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper half of the float 1 (interval 45°), fixed by a waterproof support (protection level IP68); Control circuit: STM32L431 single-chip microcomputer is used as the main control chip, integrated with a power management module (input voltage 12~24V), a signal acquisition module (receiving sensor 4~20mA analog signal) and an LED driving module (supporting PWM dimming), and the circuit is packaged in a waterproof housing (protection level IP67).

[0040] 3. Wave energy collection device 3 Quantity: 6 (corresponding to the 6 sides of the regular hexagon of the lower half of the float 1); Core structure: The mechanical transmission device uses a rack and pinion mechanism (rack travel ±50 mm), and a micro permanent magnet synchronous generator (model MS-2410) is selected for the generator, with a rated output voltage of 18V and a rated power of 10W; a built-in rechargeable lithium battery (capacity 12V / 10Ah, phosphorus acid iron lithium material, cycle life ≥2000 times) is provided with a charging management circuit (supporting overcharge and overdischarge protection).

[0041] 4. Air bag 4 Material: Chloroprene rubber (CR) is selected, with a thickness of 2 mm, resistant to seawater corrosion and ultraviolet aging (tensile strength retention rate ≥80% after aging test); Size: Diameter 0.8 m, height 0.3 m, volume about 0.15 m³ after inflation; the inflation pressure is preset to 0.4 MPa (adjusted by air pressure valve), and a small pressure sensor (model MPX5010, measurement range 0~1 MPa, accuracy ±1%FS) is built-in, and the lead is connected to the signal end of the control circuit in the float 1.

[0042] 5, flexible fixed-length rod 5 Material: titanium alloy (TC4, Ti-6Al-4V) is selected, the elastic modulus is 110GPa, the yield strength is ≥860MPa, and the surface is treated by anodic oxidation (resistant to seawater corrosion, no rust for ≥5000 hours salt spray test); Parameters: 3 pieces, each length 2m (error ±0.5cm), diameter 12mm, one end fixed through flange with middle part of floating body 1 (circumferential interval 120°), the other end connected with the outer wall of the submarine cable sleeve 6 through buckle (buckle bearing capacity ≥50kg).

[0043] 6, submarine cable sleeve 6 Material: transparent polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate), thickness 5mm, light transmittance ≥90%, impact resistance ≥60kJ / m²; Size: cylindrical, inner diameter 0.32m (adapted to 0.3m diameter submarine cable), length 1.0m, both ends tightly fitted with submarine cable through rubber sealing ring (sealing level IP68); Built-in sensors: displacement sensor (model LVDT-50, measurement range ±50mm, accuracy ±0.1mm), strain sensor (model BF120-3AA, sensitivity 1.98±0.02mV / V), pressure sensor (model PX409-015G5V, measurement range 0~1.5MPa, accuracy ±0.25%FS), sensor connected with control circuit signal end through waterproof cable.

[0044] Three, device assembly and deployment steps 1, component pretreatment Floating body 1 pretreatment: check the surface of glass fiber reinforced plastic floating body 1 for no cracks and bubbles, clean the installation interface of each side of the hexagon, apply waterproof sealant (model 704 silicone rubber); the LED lamp beads of the light emitting assembly 2 are fixed on the upper part of the floating body 1 through the waterproof support, the waterproof shell of the control circuit is fixed inside the floating body 1 through the bolt, and the wire connection of the LED lamp beads and the control circuit is completed (marine cable is selected for wire, resistant to seawater).

[0045] Wave energy collection device 3 assembly: 6 wave energy collection devices 3 are fixed on the lower half of the floating body 1 through the threaded interface of the hexagonal 6 sides, the power output end of each device is connected with the power input end of the control circuit of the light emitting assembly 2 through the wire, forming a power supply circuit; test the output voltage of the generator (manually push the rack, the voltage should be in the range of 12~24V).

[0046] Air bag 4 assembly: fill dry air into air bag 4 to 0.4 MPa, close the air pressure valve, soak in 3.5% salt water for 24 hours to check no air leakage; through the bolt, the air bag 4 is fixed to the lower part of the floating body 1, and the pressure sensor in the air bag 4 is connected with the signal end of the control circuit.

[0047] Flexible fixed-length rod 5 and submarine cable sleeve 6 assembly: the flange at one end of the three flexible fixed-length rods 5 is fixed in the middle of the floating body 1, and the other end buckle is matched with the preset interface of the outer wall of the submarine cable sleeve 6; open the side cover of the submarine cable sleeve 6, fix the displacement, strain and pressure sensors on the inner wall of the sleeve (the displacement sensor is installed along the axial direction, the strain sensor is pasted on the middle part of the inner wall, and the pressure sensor is installed on the outer wall of the flow surface), complete the wire connection of the sensors and the control circuit, close the side cover and tighten the sealing ring.

[0048] 2, offshore deployment Transportation: the assembled device is transported to a designated submarine cable area (coordinates: east longitude 121°25', north latitude 30°10') of a certain offshore wind farm by a maintenance ship. During transportation, the device is fixed by a fixing frame to prevent parts from colliding.

[0049] Installation: the device is lowered to the sea surface by hoisting equipment, the position is adjusted to make the submarine cable sleeve 6 be sleeved along the submarine cable (the submarine cable model is 220kV cross-linked polyethylene insulated submarine cable), and it is ensured that the submarine cable sleeve 6 is closely combined with the submarine cable; the fixing frame is released, and the floating body 1 stably floats under the action of its own buoyancy and the auxiliary buoyancy of the air bag 4 (the initial floating height is 30 cm, which is read by the water level scale outside the floating body 1).

[0050] Initialization: the wireless communication module (4G / Beidou) of the maintenance ship is connected with the control circuit of the device, the initial charge of the rechargeable battery is 60%, the generator works normally (output voltage 18V), the LED lamp beads of the light emitting component 2 are in a weak constant light state (power 0.1W), the initial data of each sensor is output (displacement 2cm, strain 75με, pressure 0.12MPa), and the air pressure in the air bag 4 is 0.4MPa.

[0051] Example 3 In a preferred embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization monitoring method, which is a method for monitoring the floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device of embodiment 1. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: device deployment The cable sleeve 6 is sleeved outside the target submarine cable and closely adheres to it. Four flexible fixed-length rods 5 are selected according to the diameter of the submarine cable and the sea conditions. The flexible fixed-length rods 5 connect the floating body 1 and the cable sleeve 6, so that the floating body 1 is arranged along the submarine cable, and the air bag 4 is in an inflated state, ensuring that the floating body 1 is stably connected with the cable sleeve 6, and the cable sleeve 6 can move synchronously with the slight displacement of the submarine cable without generating additional stress.

[0052] Step 2: Electric energy collection and power supply The wave energy collection device 3 starts to work, collects wave mechanical energy, converts the mechanical energy into electric energy through internal mechanical transmission devices and a generator, and stores the electric energy in the rechargeable battery through a charging circuit. The charging circuit monitors the electric quantity of the rechargeable battery in real time. When the electric quantity is lower than a preset threshold, the transmission ratio of the mechanical transmission device in the wave energy collection device 3 is adjusted to improve the energy conversion efficiency; when the electric quantity is higher than the preset threshold, the energy conversion efficiency is reduced to avoid overcharging of the battery. The stored electric energy is used to power the light-emitting component 2 and the sensors of the cable sleeve 6.

[0053] Step 3: Submarine cable state monitoring The displacement sensor, strain sensor and pressure sensor in the cable sleeve 6 monitor the displacement, stress and pressure changes of the submarine cable in real time, and convert the monitoring data into electric signals and transmit them to the control circuit of the light-emitting component 2.

[0054] Step 4: Visual warning The control circuit controls the light-emitting component 2 to emit corresponding warning light according to the received electric signals according to the preset logic. When the sensor monitors that the distance between the ship and the submarine cable is in the first preset range, the LED lamp bead of the light-emitting component 2 emits yellow flashing light to remind the ship to pay attention to the position of the submarine cable; when the sensor monitors that the distance between the ship and the submarine cable is in the second preset range (the second preset range is smaller than the first preset range, corresponding to the potential threat of the anchor hooking the submarine cable), the LED lamp bead of the light-emitting component 2 emits red high-frequency flashing light to warn the ship to immediately move away to avoid the anchor hooking the submarine cable.

[0055] Step 5: Submarine cable health assessment The displacement change of the submarine cable is calculated by combining the fixed-length characteristics of the flexible fixed-length rod 5 and the displacement data monitored by the sensor. By analyzing the displacement change of the submarine cable and other data, data support is provided for the health status assessment of the submarine cable, potential problems of the submarine cable are found in time, and the normal operation of the offshore wind farm is ensured.

[0056] Example 4 In another preferred embodiment, based on the above embodiments 1 to 3, this embodiment provides a method for visual monitoring of submarine cables in floating offshore wind farms. Based on the visual monitoring device for submarine cables in floating offshore wind farms in embodiment 2, it realizes the entire process of visual monitoring of submarine cables, including power supply monitoring, real-time monitoring and graded warning of submarine cable status, and monitoring of the device's own status, ensuring that the method is operable and verifiable, effectively preventing the risk of submarine cable anchor hooks and ensuring the reliable operation of the device. The specific steps of the monitoring method are as follows.

[0057] (I) Power Data Acquisition and Power Supply Monitoring 1. Energy harvesting: When the waves rise and fall at sea (wave height 0.5~2.0m, period 3~8s), the float 1 moves up and down with the waves, which drives the rack of the wave energy harvesting device 3 to move back and forth, drives the gear to rotate and drives the generator to rotate, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy (generator output voltage 12~24V); the electrical energy is stored in the rechargeable lithium battery through the charging management circuit.

[0058] 2. Power Supply Monitoring: The control circuit of the light-emitting component 2 collects the battery power and generator output voltage once every minute. When the battery charge is ≥80%, the control circuit outputs a signal to adjust the transmission ratio of the generator rack and pinion mechanism in the wave energy harvesting device 3 (from 1:5 to 1:3) to reduce energy conversion efficiency and avoid overcharging the battery. When the battery level is ≤20%, the transmission ratio is adjusted to 1:8 to improve energy conversion efficiency and speed up charging. If the generator output voltage remains below 12V or above 24V for 10 minutes, the control circuit determines that the power system is abnormal, triggers a local alarm (the LED beads of the light-emitting component 2 are constantly lit in orange), and stores the abnormal data (time and voltage values) for maintenance to read.

[0059] (II) Real-time monitoring and graded warning of submarine cable status 1. Data acquisition: The displacement, strain, and pressure sensors inside the submarine cable sleeve 6 collect submarine cable status data once every 10 seconds and transmit it to the control circuit of the light-emitting component 2 through the wire; the control circuit presets the normal operating thresholds of the submarine cable: displacement ≤ 5cm, strain ≤ 100με, and pressure ≤ 0.2MPa.

[0060] 2. Tiered warning logic: Low-risk warning (first preset range): When a vessel enters a 500m range around the submarine cable, the water flow disturbance causes the submarine cable displacement to increase to 8cm (exceeding the normal threshold of 3cm, an increase of 20%). The control circuit determines "low risk" and controls the LED beads of the light-emitting component 2 to switch to a yellow flashing state (flashing frequency 1Hz, single LED power 0.3W), warning the vessel "there is a submarine cable ahead, stay away"; High-risk warning (second preset range): if the ship does not move away and continues to approach within 100 m of the surrounding range of the submarine cable, the anchor chain touches the submarine cable sleeve 6, causing the strain to increase to 320με (exceeding the normal threshold value by 240%) and the pressure to increase to 0.55 MPa (exceeding the normal threshold value by 175%), the control circuit determines "high risk", and immediately controls the LED lamp beads of the light-emitting component 2 to switch to a red high-frequency flashing state (flashing frequency 5 Hz, single LED power 0.5 W), strongly warning the ship "prohibit anchoring, immediately move away"; Abnormal linkage early warning: if the control circuit receives "high risk" signal for 8 minutes in succession, sends alarm information to the wind farm operation and maintenance center through the Beidou satellite module, the information includes: device location (east longitude 121°25', north latitude 30°10'), threat level (high), real-time monitoring data (displacement 12 cm, strain 350με, pressure 0.6 MPa), the operation and maintenance center receives the information and dispatches the operation and maintenance ship to the scene for disposal.

[0061] (Three) Device state monitoring 1. Light-emitting component 2 monitoring: the control circuit of the light-emitting component 2 automatically triggers the monitoring program every day at 2:00 (no ship interference period): Control the LED lamp beads to switch to yellow flashing (1 Hz, 30 seconds), red high-frequency flashing (5 Hz, 30 seconds), and weak constant (30 seconds) in turn; If a certain LED lamp bead does not respond or the brightness is lower than 3000 mcd in a certain state, the control circuit records the fault information (such as "the 5th LED lamp bead red flashing failure"), and is replaced when the operation and maintenance.

[0062] 2. Air bag 4 state monitoring: Floating height monitoring: read the floating height through the water level scale on the outside of the float 1, if the floating height decreases from 30 cm to 24 cm (decreases by 6 cm, exceeds the threshold value of 5 cm) within 72 hours, it is determined that the air bag 4 may leak; Air pressure monitoring: the air pressure sensor in the air bag 4 collects air pressure once an hour, if the air pressure decreases from 0.4 MPa to 0.32 MPa (decreases by 0.005 MPa per hour, although it does not exceed the threshold value of 0.02 MPa / h, but combined with the abnormal floating height of the float 1), the control circuit triggers the "air bag 4 suspected leakage" early warning, and prompts the operation and maintenance to check.

[0063] 3. Flexible fixed-length rod 5 monitoring: the control circuit calculates the relative distance between the float 1 and the submarine cable sleeve 6 through the displacement sensor data of the submarine cable sleeve 6, and inversely calculates the actual length of the flexible fixed-length rod 5.

[0064] If the length of one of the three flexible fixed-length rods 5 changes from 2m to 2.03m (deviation of 1cm, exceeding the threshold of ±0.5cm) and lasts for 24 hours, it is determined that the connection of the rod is loose, and the record "length deviation anomaly of the second flexible fixed-length rod 5" is recorded. The operation and maintenance personnel will tighten the buckle.

[0065] (Four) Effect verification After the deployment of the embodiment, it has been continuously running for 30 days: Electric energy system: the chargeable battery of the wave energy collection device 3 is stably maintained at 30%~70%, the average output voltage of the generator is 18.5V, and there is no abnormal alarm; Cable protection: a total of 3 times of ship approaching are monitored, among which 2 times of low-risk warning (yellow flashing of the light-emitting component 2) are triggered and the ship leaves after that, and 1 time of high-risk warning (red high-frequency flashing of the light-emitting component 2) is triggered and the operation and maintenance ship arrives to drive away, and there is no cable anchor event; Device itself: the light-emitting component 2, the air bag 4, and the flexible fixed-length rod 5 all have no faults, and the sensor monitoring data in the cable sleeve 6 are accurate, which verifies the effectiveness and reliability of the monitoring method.

[0066] In the preferred scheme, the floating body 1 is made of lightweight high-strength glass steel material, and the floating body 1 has a streamlined structure to have wind and wave resistance performance and corrosion resistance. The above settings not only make the floating body 1 maintain structural stability in harsh marine environments and reduce damage caused by wind and wave impact, but also effectively resist seawater erosion, prolong the service life, reduce the maintenance cost in the later period, and improve the overall use efficiency.

[0067] In the preferred scheme, the polygonal structure of the lower half of the floating body 1 is a hexagonal structure. The hexagonal structure can provide a more stable support surface, effectively disperse the pressure in the water, reduce the center of gravity, and enhance the overall anti-overturning ability of the floating body. At the same time, this structure is convenient for modular assembly and can be flexibly combined into different sizes of water platforms.

[0068] In the preferred scheme, the light-emitting component 2 includes a plurality of high-brightness LED lamp beads and a control circuit, the LED lamp beads are evenly distributed along the upper half of the floating body 1 in a circumferential direction to form a 360° omnidirectional light-emitting structure, and the control circuit is used for receiving monitoring signals and controlling the light-emitting state of the LED lamp beads. The above settings make the floating body 1 be clearly identified in all directions in the water, and it can be quickly found from any angle of view. At the same time, the control circuit can change the light-emitting mode according to different monitoring signals, such as flashing frequency and color change, to accurately convey the corresponding information.

[0069] In the preferred scheme, the wave energy collection device 3 is internally provided with an energy conversion mechanism, which includes a mechanical transmission device and a generator, for converting the mechanical energy of waves in multiple directions into electrical energy to power the light emitting components 2 and the power consuming elements of the cable sleeve 6; the above arrangement can ensure efficient operation of the wave energy collection device 3, and stable conversion of unstable wave energy; the mechanical transmission device accurately transmits power, the generator efficiently generates electricity, and provides continuous and stable power for the power consuming elements, ensuring stable operation of the equipment in the marine environment.

[0070] In the preferred scheme, the wave energy collection device 3 further includes a rechargeable battery, and the electrical energy output end of the generator is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery through a charging circuit; the rechargeable battery is used to store electrical energy and realize continuous power supply; the above arrangement enables the wave energy collection device 3 to continue to work through stored electrical energy when the wave energy is insufficient, thereby improving the stability and reliability of power supply; at the same time, the rechargeable battery can be repeatedly charged and discharged, thereby reducing the use cost and prolonging the use cycle of the overall device.

[0071] In the preferred scheme, the air bag 4 is made of a rubber material resistant to seawater corrosion and abrasion, including chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), and fluorine rubber (FKM), and the air bag 4 is internally filled with a preset amount of gas to provide additional buoyancy and ensure stable floating of the device in complex sea conditions; the above arrangement enables the air bag 4 to be used for a long time in a marine environment with high salinity, strong ultraviolet rays, and mechanical friction, thereby enhancing the durability of the device and enabling it to be used for a long time in harsh marine environments, reducing the maintenance frequency; at the same time, the preset gas amount is accurately calculated, which can not only ensure sufficient buoyancy, but also effectively avoid device tilting or sinking caused by excessive or insufficient buoyancy through accurate control of the inflation amount, thereby ensuring the accuracy and continuity of data collection, avoiding structural damage caused by excessive expansion, and improving overall safety.

[0072] In the preferred scheme, the flexible fixed-length rod 5 is made of an alloy material with high elastic modulus and resistance to seawater corrosion, and has a preset fixed length, which can not only realize reliable connection between the floating body 1 and the cable sleeve 6, but also accurately measure the displacement change amount of the cable; the above arrangement can ensure that the flexible fixed-length rod 5 works stably for a long time in complex marine environments, reduce measurement errors caused by material corrosion or elastic failure, and at the same time, the preset fixed length design simplifies the installation process, thereby improving the reliability and maintenance efficiency of the overall system.

[0073] In the preferred scheme, the submarine cable sleeve 6 is a cylindrical structure made of transparent polycarbonate material, and inside it is provided with displacement sensors, strain sensors and pressure sensors for monitoring the displacement, stress and pressure changes of the submarine cable; the above settings can obtain real-time state data of the submarine cable under different environments, providing accurate basis for safe operation of the submarine cable; the transparent material also facilitates intuitive observation of the internal situation, and once the sensor shows an abnormality, the problem can be quickly located and maintenance measures can be taken to ensure stable operation of the submarine cable.

[0074] In the preferred scheme, the power input end of the control circuit is electrically connected with the rechargeable battery of the wave energy collection device 3, and the signal input end of the control circuit is electrically connected with the sensors in the submarine cable sleeve 6, and the light-emitting color and flicker frequency of the LED lamp beads can be controlled according to the monitoring signals of the sensors; the above settings enable the LED lamp beads to adjust the light-emitting state in real time according to the changes of the marine environment, such as switching the warning color during the tidal rise and fall and increasing the flicker frequency when the ocean current is abnormal, which not only improves the recognition of the channel marker, but also provides visual data support for scientific research and monitoring.

[0075] In the preferred scheme, the device deployment in step 1 also includes adjusting the number of flexible fixed-length rods 5 to 3-6 according to the diameter of the submarine cable and the sea conditions, ensuring that the float 1 is stably connected with the submarine cable sleeve 6, and the submarine cable sleeve 6 can move synchronously with the slight displacement of the submarine cable without generating additional stress; the above settings can effectively prevent the submarine cable from being damaged due to stress concentration and prolong its service life; at the same time, the elastic characteristics of the flexible fixed-length rods 5 can buffer the impact force of the waves and reduce the wear and tear of the connection between the float 1 and the submarine cable sleeve 6, ensuring stable operation of the entire device in complex sea conditions.

[0076] In the preferred scheme, the power collection and power supply in step 2 also includes that the charging circuit monitors the charge of the rechargeable battery in real time, and when the charge is lower than the preset threshold, the transmission ratio of the mechanical transmission device in the wave energy collection device 3 is adjusted to improve the energy conversion efficiency; when the charge is higher than the preset threshold, the energy conversion efficiency is reduced to avoid overcharging of the battery; the above settings can effectively balance the charging and discharging states of the battery and prolong the service life of the battery; at the same time, the system can automatically optimize the energy collection strategy according to the real-time sea conditions, increase the collection when the wave height is high, and reduce the energy consumption when the wave height is low, to ensure stable and efficient power supply.

[0077] In a preferred scheme, the control circuit in step 4 is preset with a logic: when the sensor monitors that the ship is at a first preset range from the submarine cable, the control LED lamp bead emits yellow flashing light; when the sensor monitors that the ship is at a second preset range (the second preset range is smaller than the first preset range, corresponding to the potential threat of the anchor hooking the submarine cable) from the submarine cable, the control LED lamp bead emits red high-frequency flashing light; the above settings can effectively remind the ship operator to pay attention to keeping a safe distance from the submarine cable, and timely adjust the heading or anchor position according to the light warning of different distances, so as to avoid the anchor hooking the submarine cable due to too close distance, and ensure the safety of the submarine cable and the normal operation of the offshore operation.

[0078] In summary, the present application provides a floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device and a monitoring method thereof, which effectively solves the key technical problem that the submarine cable in the offshore wind farm is easily damaged by the anchor of the ship, and specifically, the current safety monitoring and protection means of the submarine cable generally have poor real-time performance, limited monitoring range, high operation and maintenance cost and other limitations, which makes it difficult to effectively prevent the damage of the submarine cable caused by the anchor of the ship.

[0079] The wave energy collecting device 3 is ingeniously integrated into the floating body 1 structure, and self-power supply is realized by utilizing ocean wave energy, which breaks away from the dependence on external power supply, which is a relatively novel design in the existing submarine cable protection technology of offshore wind farm. The light emitting component 2 adopts a 360° omnidirectional hierarchical warning mode, which intuitively and effectively reminds the approaching ship to move away from the submarine cable area through light signals of different colors and flashing frequencies, and this omnidirectional and hierarchical warning form has uniqueness in similar technologies. The monitoring method not only covers real-time data, trends and abnormal linkage monitoring of the submarine cable, but also detects the performance of the device itself such as electric energy (provided by the wave energy collecting device 3), light emission (light emitting component 2), air bag 4, flexible fixed-length rod 5, etc., realizing full-dimensional detection, which is different from the traditional single detection mode.

[0080] The present application constructs a linkage system of the light emitting component 2 and the sensor in the submarine cable sleeve 6, the sensor real-time acquires data such as submarine cable displacement, stress and pressure, and the light emitting component 2 rapidly sends corresponding warning signals according to these data, realizing the high integration of real-time dynamic monitoring and visual warning function, greatly improving the timeliness and accuracy of submarine cable protection. In terms of energy utilization, self-power supply is realized through the wave energy collecting device 3, solving the problem of power supply in remote offshore areas, and reducing the operation and maintenance cost, which provides a new idea and guarantee for the stable operation of offshore equipment. The overall structure design of the device fully considers the complex and harsh environment at sea, adopts lightweight high-strength glass steel material, hexagonal structure (part of the structure of the floating body 1), air bag 4, alloy flexible fixed-length rod 5 and other designs, and the synergistic effect of various components significantly improves the stability, corrosion resistance and service life of the device in complex sea conditions, which embodies the pioneering breakthrough in the field of offshore equipment design.

Claims

1. A floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device, characterized in that: The system includes a float (1), the upper half of which is equipped with a light-emitting component (2), and the lower half is set as a polygonal structure. Wave energy collection devices (3) are set on each side of the polygonal structure. An airbag (4) is connected to the lower part of the float (1). Several flexible fixed-length rods (5) are evenly arranged in the circumference of the middle part of the float (1). One end of each flexible fixed-length rod (5) is connected to the float (1), and the other end is connected to the submarine cable sleeve (6). The submarine cable sleeve (6) is fitted on the outside of the submarine cable and is closely attached to the submarine cable.

2. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The float (1) is made of fiberglass and has a streamlined structure to provide resistance to wind and waves and corrosion resistance.

3. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower half of the float (1) has a polygonal structure that is hexagonal.

4. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-emitting component (2) includes several LED beads and a control circuit. The LED beads are evenly distributed circumferentially along the upper half of the float (1) to form a 360° all-round light-emitting structure. The control circuit is used to receive monitoring signals and control the light-emitting state of the LED beads.

5. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wave energy harvesting device (3) is equipped with an energy conversion mechanism, which includes a mechanical transmission device and a generator, used to convert the mechanical energy of the waves into electrical energy to power the light-emitting component (2) and the electrical components of the submarine cable sleeve (6).

6. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wave energy harvesting device (3) also includes a rechargeable battery. The power output terminal of the generator is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery through a charging circuit. The rechargeable battery is used to store electrical energy and provide continuous power supply.

7. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airbag (4) is made of rubber material and is filled with a preset amount of gas to provide additional buoyancy and ensure that the device floats stably in complex sea conditions.

8. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible fixed-length rod (5) is made of an alloy material with high elastic modulus and seawater corrosion resistance. Its length is a preset fixed value, which can not only realize the reliable connection between the float (1) and the submarine cable sleeve (6), but also accurately measure the displacement change of the submarine cable.

9. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The submarine cable sleeve (6) is a cylindrical structure made of transparent polycarbonate material. It is equipped with a displacement sensor, a strain sensor and a pressure sensor, which are used to monitor the displacement, force and pressure changes of the submarine cable.

10. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power input terminal of the control circuit is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery of the wave energy acquisition device (3), and the signal input terminal of the control circuit is electrically connected to the sensor inside the submarine cable sleeve (6). The LED light color and flashing frequency can be controlled according to the monitoring signal of the sensor.

11. A visual monitoring method for submarine cables in floating offshore wind farms, characterized in that, The method of using the floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 includes the following steps: Step 1: Device deployment. The cable sleeve (6) is fitted onto the outside of the target cable and fits tightly. The float (1) is connected to the cable sleeve (6) by a flexible fixed-length rod (5), so that the float (1) is arranged along the direction of the cable and the airbag (4) is in an inflated state. Step 2: Power collection and power supply. Wave mechanical energy is collected by the wave energy collection device (3) and converted into electrical energy, which is stored in a rechargeable battery to power the sensors of the light-emitting component (2) and the submarine cable sleeve (6). Step 3: Submarine cable status monitoring. The sensor inside the submarine cable sleeve (6) is used to monitor the displacement, force and pressure changes of the submarine cable in real time, and the monitoring data is converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the control circuit of the light-emitting component (2). Step 4: Visual warning. The control circuit controls the light-emitting component (2) to emit corresponding warning light according to the received electrical signal and preset logic, so as to remind the ship to stay away to avoid the anchor chain snagging the submarine cable. Step 5: Submarine cable health assessment. Combining the fixed length characteristics of the flexible fixed length rod (5) with the displacement data monitored by the sensor, calculate the displacement change of the submarine cable to provide data support for the assessment of the submarine cable health status.

12. The method for visual monitoring of submarine cables in floating offshore wind farms according to claim 11, characterized in that, The device deployment in step 1 also includes: adjusting the number of flexible fixed-length rods (5) according to the diameter of the submarine cable and the sea conditions to ensure that the connection between the float (1) and the submarine cable sleeve (6) is stable, and that the submarine cable sleeve (6) can move synchronously with the slight displacement of the submarine cable without generating additional stress.

13. The method for visual monitoring of submarine cables in floating offshore wind farms according to claim 11, characterized in that, Step 2, power acquisition and power supply, also includes: the charging circuit monitors the rechargeable battery power in real time. When the power is lower than the preset threshold, the energy conversion efficiency is improved by adjusting the transmission ratio of the mechanical transmission device in the wave energy acquisition device (3). When the power is higher than the preset threshold, the energy conversion efficiency is reduced to avoid overcharging of the battery.

14. The floating offshore wind farm submarine cable visualization device according to claim 11, characterized in that, In step 4, the control circuit has the following preset logic: when the sensor detects that the ship is within a first preset range from the submarine cable, the LED light bead is controlled to emit a yellow flashing light; when the sensor detects that the ship is within a second preset range from the submarine cable, the LED light bead is controlled to emit a red high-frequency flashing light.

Images