A tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geology and a use method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geology and a use method thereof and belongs to the technical field of tunnel safety construction. The application comprises an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve which are sleeved inside and outside each other, a first channel is formed in the inner cavity of the inner sleeve, a second channel is formed between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, the second channel is divided into a plurality of branch channels by a plurality of partitions, and each branch channel is in communication with the first channel; a plurality of air bags are sleeved on the outer sleeve along the axial direction of the outer sleeve, and the air bags are tightly attached to the inner wall of the drill hole after being inflated and expanded; at this time, a third channel can be formed between the adjacent two air bags and the inner wall of the drill hole, and each third channel can be kept relatively independent to avoid the mutual interference of hydrological parameters in different third channels and ensure the measurement accuracy. Meanwhile, the air bags can generate a certain extrusion force on the inner wall of the drill hole after being inflated and expanded, the impact force of the reverse water pressure can be overcome, and the whole detection device can be prevented from slipping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel safety construction technology, and more specifically, relates to a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions and its usage method. Background Technology The purpose of advanced geological prediction for tunnels is to ascertain the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions ahead of the tunnel excavation face, provide geological basis for optimizing engineering design, reduce the probability and severity of geological disasters, and guide the smooth progress of tunnel drilling construction. Advanced drilling refers to drilling advanced geological core holes at the tunnel excavation face or its side tunnels along the excavation direction to explore the geological conditions ahead of the excavation face; it is an important technical method for advanced geological prediction.

[0002] Traditional borehole exploration techniques primarily rely on core sampling or simple hydrological tests to infer geological conditions ahead. However, due to the limited functionality of the equipment, it is difficult to simultaneously obtain information on borehole wall stability and the ability to detect hydrological parameters in different zones. Especially in fractured zones or water-rich strata, the equipment is prone to slippage due to reverse water pressure during pressurization testing. This causes hydrological parameters in different sections to interfere with each other, making it impossible to independently plot accurate water pressure attenuation curves. Consequently, it fails to accurately reflect the permeability characteristics of the rock mass in different sections, severely limiting the accuracy of identifying fractured zones or weak interlayers.

[0003] A search revealed a patent in CN115898367A, which discloses a measuring device and its method for use in tunnel advanced geological prediction boreholes. This application uses a large borehole as a foundation, continuing to drill smaller boreholes. The inner wall of the smaller borehole is sealed by a drill rod. If the smaller borehole encounters an aquifer and measurement is required, a core tube is extracted. The left end of the measuring tube of the measuring device is connected to the drill rod, and the right end is connected to a water-blocking connector. The measuring tube can then measure the water volume and pressure of the aquifer. Because the smaller borehole is positioned a certain distance ahead of the tunnel face, measurement of the advanced geological prediction borehole is achieved.

[0004] For example, patent CN119844081A discloses a borehole-based advanced geological prediction device and detection method. This application uses a quantitative pressurized water injection method to inject water into a hollow push rod, observes the changes in water injection pressure and compares them with the pressure changes in a standard section, and quantitatively judges the degree of fragmentation of the unfavorable geological body by the degree of pressure decay and pressure-time curve. It uses a constant pressure continuous water injection method, and obtains the degree of unfavorability and axial distribution range of the unfavorable geological body based on the stress distribution range collected by the stress sensor.

[0005] The above applications all involve technical improvements to advanced geological forecasting equipment. However, the industry still needs more diverse designs to address the problem that traditional geological testing devices are prone to instability and displacement, which leads to interference between hydrological parameters in different sections and distortion of water pressure test data. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The problem to be solved In view of at least some of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel geological parameter detection device and its usage method for adverse geological conditions. The purpose is to solve the problem that existing geological detection devices are prone to instability and displacement, resulting in distortion of water pressure test data.

[0007] Technical solution To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions, comprising an external rod for connecting to an external drive mechanism, wherein the external rod is connected to a sleeve mechanism. The sleeve mechanism includes an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve arranged in an inner and outer manner. The inner cavity of the inner sleeve forms a first channel, and the first channel is connected to a water inlet pipe. A second channel is formed between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve. The second channel is divided into several branch channels by several partitions, and each branch channel is interconnected with the first channel. The outer sleeve is fitted with several airbags along its axial direction, and the airbags are connected to the air supply pipe; After being inflated, the airbags are in close contact with the inner wall of the borehole. A third channel is formed between two adjacent airbags and the inner wall of the borehole. The third channel corresponds to the branch channel and is interconnected with each other. A pressure sensor is installed in the third channel.

[0008] In some embodiments, the outer sleeve has a first through hole for connecting the branch channel and the third channel, and the inner sleeve has several second through holes for connecting the branch channel and the first channel; wherein... The second through hole is connected to a solenoid valve, which is electrically connected to a pressure sensor.

[0009] In some embodiments, the airbag is located in the area where the outer sleeve extends into the borehole.

[0010] In some embodiments, a support and positioning mechanism is also fitted onto the outer sleeve. The support and positioning mechanism includes a first mounting block fixedly sleeved on the outer sleeve, and a sliding sleeve slidably sleeved on the outer sleeve; wherein, The first mounting block is hinged with a plurality of main support legs arranged in a ring, and the sliding sleeve is hinged with secondary support legs that correspond one-to-one with the main support legs, and the secondary support legs are hinged to the main support legs. The sliding sleeve is connected to a drive component for moving it.

[0011] In some embodiments, the airbag is fitted onto the outer sleeve via a second mounting block; The driving component is a pneumatic push rod, which is mounted on the second mounting block, and its input end is connected to the airbag through an air supply branch pipe. A first elastic element is provided between the second mounting block and the sliding sleeve.

[0012] In some embodiments, the sliding sleeve is provided with a sliding groove, and a slider and a guide rod are provided in the sliding groove; wherein, The slider is sleeved on the guide rod, and the secondary support leg is hinged to the slider; and a second elastic element is sleeved on the guide rod.

[0013] In some embodiments, the support positioning mechanism further includes a locking assembly, which includes a long strip plate disposed in the second channel, and the partition plate has a through hole for the long strip plate to pass through. The long strip is provided with a plurality of first toothed bars distributed at intervals; The first rack passes through the groove on the outer sleeve and meshes with the second rack on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and the two racks drive in one direction.

[0014] In some embodiments, a third elastic element is provided between the elongated plate and the inner sleeve, and a second channel extends from the end of the elongated plate away from the outer rod. The end of the first rack is provided with a guide slope, and the inner wall of the outer sleeve near the slot is provided with a limiting surface that cooperates with the guide slope; The elongated plate drives the first rack to move, causing the guide slope and the limiting surface to press against each other, forcing the first rack to move inward and unlocking it from the second rack.

[0015] In some embodiments, a baffle is provided at the end of the outer sleeve away from the outer rod, and the end of the long strip plate passes through the baffle and is connected to the chassis, and a fourth elastic element is provided between the baffle and the chassis; The area in contact between the long strip, the baffle, and the partition is made of a compressible elastic material.

[0016] The method of using the tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions, as described above, includes the following steps: S1. The external drive mechanism is connected to the external rod, and the external rod is driven to move the entire casing mechanism into the borehole. S2. Inflate the airbag through the air supply pipe, causing the airbag to expand and fit against the inner wall of the borehole. S3. The airbag injects air into the pneumatic push rod through the air supply branch pipe, which pushes the sliding sleeve to move, thereby causing one end of the main support leg to unfold and squeeze the inner wall of the borehole in the opposite direction. During the movement of the sliding sleeve, the first rack can freely pass over the second rack; when the sliding sleeve stops moving, the second rack can engage and lock the first rack in one direction. S4. Water is supplied to the interior of the first channel through the inlet pipe, and then supplied to the corresponding third channel through the second through hole and the first through hole; S5. The pressure sensor detects the water pressure inside different third channels and transmits the data to the external central control unit for further detection, thereby completing the geological prediction detection function inside the borehole.

[0017] Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention provides a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions. Through the arrangement of air bladders, after inflation, the air bladders adhere tightly to the borehole wall, thus forming a third channel between two adjacent air bladders and the borehole wall. Because the air bladders have a certain elastic deformation capability, they can adapt to tight contact with some rough inner walls, allowing each third channel to remain relatively independent, avoiding mutual interference of hydrological parameters within different third channels and ensuring measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, after inflation, the air bladders exert a certain compressive force on the borehole wall, overcoming the impact of reverse water pressure and preventing the entire detection device from slipping, thereby affecting the detection effect.

[0018] (2) The tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions of the present invention, through the setting of the support positioning mechanism, after the casing mechanism moves into place, uses the driving component to push the sliding sleeve to move, so as to drive the main support leg to unfold through the auxiliary support leg and squeeze the inner wall of the borehole, so as to further ensure the stability of the detection device during the working process.

[0019] (3) The tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions of the present invention, through the unidirectional transmission design of the first rack and the second rack, enables the sliding sleeve to drive the second rack to freely pass over the first rack during the unfolding process of the main support leg, so as not to hinder the forward movement of the sliding sleeve; and when the sliding sleeve moves into place, the first rack can lock the second rack in the reverse direction to further improve the stability of the support positioning mechanism for the borehole inner wall. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the end structure of the sleeve mechanism in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the outer sleeve in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the middle part of a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting positioning mechanism in this invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the long strip and the outer sleeve in this invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the inner sleeve and the long strip plate in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the end structure of a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions according to the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 100, external rod; 200. Sleeve mechanism; 210. Outer sleeve; 211. First through hole; 212. Slot; 213. Limiting surface; 220. Inner sleeve; 221. Second through hole; 230, First channel; 240, Second channel; 250, Baffle; 260, Solenoid valve; 270, Inlet pipe; 300. Airbag; 310. Third channel; 320. Gas supply pipe; 330. Gas supply branch pipe; 340. Pressure sensor; 400. Support positioning mechanism; 411. First mounting block; 412. Sliding sleeve; 4121. Sliding groove; 413. Second mounting block; 421. Main support leg; 422. Secondary support leg; 423. Washer; 430, Driving component; 440, Slider; 450, Guide rod; 460, First elastic element; 470, Second elastic element; 481. Long strip plate; 482. First rack; 4821. Guide slope; 483. Second rack; 484. Third elastic element; 485. Chassis; 486. Baffle; 487. Fourth elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To further understand the content of this invention, a detailed description of the invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions includes an external rod 100. One end of the external rod 100 is connected to an external drive mechanism (not shown in the figure) to drive the entire detection device into the borehole; the other end is connected to a casing mechanism 200. The casing mechanism 200 extends into the area inside the borehole and has several airbags 300 arranged along its axial direction. These airbags 300 serve two purposes: firstly, to form different detection areas at different locations within the borehole; and secondly, to provide support against the borehole wall, ensuring the stability of the entire detection device.

[0026] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the sleeve mechanism 200 includes an inner sleeve 220 and an outer sleeve 210 arranged in an inner and outer manner. The inner cavity of the inner sleeve 220 forms a first channel 230, and the first channel 230 is connected to a water inlet pipe 270.

[0027] A second channel 240 is formed between the inner sleeve 220 and the outer sleeve 210. This second channel 240 is divided into several branch channels by several partitions 250. At the same time, several second through holes 221 are provided on the inner sleeve 220 to connect the branch channels and the first channel 230.

[0028] The airbag 300 is fitted onto the outer sleeve 210 and is connected to the air supply pipe 320. After inflation, the airbag 300 adheres tightly to the inner wall of the borehole, forming a third channel 310 between adjacent airbags 300 and the inner wall of the borehole. This third channel 310 corresponds one-to-one with the branch channel, and the outer sleeve 210 is provided with a first through hole 211 for connecting the branch channel and the third channel 310.

[0029] Since the inner wall of the borehole cannot be completely smooth, but rather will have some uneven areas, in order to ensure that the airbag 300 fits tightly against the inner wall, the airbag 300 can be made of an elastic material with a certain degree of deformation capability; for example, rubber.

[0030] Meanwhile, to facilitate real-time monitoring of water pressure within the third channel 310, a pressure sensor 340 is installed within the third channel 310. Preferably, the pressure sensor 340 is located on the outer peripheral wall of the outer sleeve 210.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, in some feasible embodiments, the second through-hole 221 is connected to a solenoid valve 260, and the solenoid valve 260 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 340.

[0032] This embodiment describes a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions. During operation, an external drive mechanism moves the entire device into the borehole. Then, air is injected into the airbag 300 through the air supply pipe 320, causing the airbag 300 to expand and adhere to the inner wall of the borehole. At this point, a third channel 310 is formed between two adjacent airbags 300 and the borehole wall. Because the airbag 300 has a certain elastic deformation capability, it can adapt to close contact with some rough inner walls, allowing each third channel 310 to remain relatively independent, thus avoiding mutual interference of hydrological parameters within different third channels 310 and ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0033] Next, water is supplied to the interior of the first channel 230 through the water inlet pipe 270, and then supplied to the corresponding third channel 310 through the second through hole 221 and the first through hole 211. At this time, since the airbag 300 can generate a certain squeezing force on the inner wall of the borehole after inflation, it can overcome the impact force of the reverse water pressure and prevent the entire detection device from slipping.

[0034] When the water pressure in the third channel 310 reaches the threshold, the solenoid valve 260 closes, stopping the injection of water into the third channel 310. Then, the pressure sensor 340 detects the change in water pressure in the third channel 310 and plots the water pressure decay curve for each area of ​​the third channel 310, providing accurate data support for subsequent safety assessments.

[0035] It should be noted that the solenoid valve 260, pressure sensor 340, and the connection / linkage between them in this embodiment all adopt existing technologies and are not specifically limited here.

[0036] As another embodiment of the tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions, a support and positioning mechanism 400 is provided on the basis of the above embodiment to further ensure the stability of the detection device during operation.

[0037] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the support and positioning mechanism 400 includes a first mounting block 411 fixedly sleeved on the outer sleeve 210 and a sliding sleeve 412 slidably sleeved on the outer sleeve 210. The first mounting block 411 is hinged with a plurality of main support legs 421 arranged in a ring.

[0038] The sliding sleeve 412 is hinged with a secondary support leg 422 that corresponds one-to-one with the main support leg 421, and the other end of the secondary support leg 422 is hinged to the main support leg 421 to form an umbrella-shaped structure. At the same time, the sliding sleeve 412 is connected to a drive member 430 for driving its movement.

[0039] In this specific embodiment, the secondary support leg 422 is connected to the main support leg 421 near the middle. Meanwhile, to increase the contact area and stability between the main support leg 421 and the inner wall of the borehole, a gasket 423 is provided at the end of the main support leg 421.

[0040] In this embodiment, a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions is provided. After the casing mechanism 200 is moved into place, the driving component 430 pushes the sliding sleeve 412 to move, so that the auxiliary support leg 422 drives the main support leg 421 to unfold outward as a whole and squeeze the inner wall of the borehole, so as to further ensure the stability of the detection device during operation.

[0041] In some embodiments, the support positioning mechanism 400 further includes a second mounting block 413, which is fixedly sleeved on the outer sleeve 210, and the airbag 300 is sleeved on the second mounting block 413. At the same time, a first elastic element 460 is provided between the second mounting block 413 and the sliding sleeve 412 to facilitate the reset operation of the sliding sleeve 412.

[0042] For ease of description below, when the main support leg 421 is extended outward as a whole, the sliding direction of the sliding sleeve 412 is defined as positive; when the main support leg 421 is retracted inward as a whole, the sliding direction of the sliding sleeve 412 is defined as negative.

[0043] Furthermore, the driving component 430 is a pneumatic push rod, which is mounted on the second mounting block 413 and its pushing direction is positive. Simultaneously, the input end of the pneumatic push rod is connected to the airbag 300 via an air supply branch pipe 330, and directly uses the airbag 300 as the air source. This design effectively simplifies the driving structure of the driving component 430.

[0044] As mentioned above, the inner wall of the drilled hole cannot be completely smooth; it may have some unevenness. If all the main support legs 421 extend to the same distance, they cannot accommodate some of the unevenness on the inner wall, thus affecting the support effect.

[0045] Therefore, in this embodiment, reference is made to Figure 6 As shown, a groove 4121 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the sliding sleeve 412, and a slider 440 and a guide rod 450 are provided in the groove 4121. The slider 440 is sleeved on the guide rod 450; the secondary support leg 422 is hinged to the slider 440. At the same time, a second elastic element 470 is sleeved on the guide rod 450 to limit the movement of the slider 440 to a certain extent.

[0046] This embodiment of a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions involves a slider 440 that slides within a groove 4121 after the main support leg 421 is extended and encounters an inner wall with different structures. This compression of the slider 440, caused by the compression of the main support leg 421, compresses the second elastic element 470, causing it to contract. Because different second elastic elements 470 experience different compressive forces, the extension distance of different main support legs 421 located in the same area is adjustable to adapt to the uneven surface of the borehole inner wall, thereby maintaining the stability of the support.

[0047] like Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments, the support positioning mechanism 400 further includes a locking assembly, which includes a long strip plate 481, a first rack 482, and a second rack 483. The long strip plate 481 is disposed within the second channel 240, and the partition plate 250 has a through hole for the long strip plate 481 to pass freely through. Several first racks 482 are disposed on the side of the long strip plate 481 away from the inner sleeve 220; wherein the first racks 482 are located within the axial dimension range of the support channel and correspond one-to-one with the sliding sleeve 412. Simultaneously, the outer sleeve 210 has a slot 212 for the first racks 482 to pass through.

[0048] The second rack 483 on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 412 meshes with the first rack 482, and the two racks are driven in one direction only. That is, the tooth grooves on the first rack 482 and the second rack 483 are asymmetrical wedge-shaped structures to form a "linear ratchet mechanism", which allows relative movement in only one direction and locks each other when moving in the opposite direction.

[0049] In other words, in this embodiment, when the sliding sleeve 412 drives the second rack 483 to move forward, it can freely pass over the first rack 482, thus not hindering the forward movement of the sliding sleeve 412. However, when the sliding sleeve 412 moves into position, the first rack 482 can lock the second rack 483 in the reverse direction to prevent the sliding sleeve 412 from slipping back and affecting the stability of the support.

[0050] In some embodiments, a third elastic element 484 is provided between the elongated plate 481 and the inner sleeve 220, and a second channel 240 extends from the end of the elongated plate 481 away from the outer rod 100. At the same time, a guide slope 4821 is provided at the end of the first rack 482, and a limiting surface 213 that cooperates with the guide slope 4821 is provided on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 210 near the slot 212.

[0051] like Figure 10 As shown, further, the end of the outer sleeve 210 away from the outer rod 100 is provided with a baffle 486, and the end of the long strip 481 passes through the baffle 486 and is connected to the chassis 485. At the same time, a fourth elastic member 487 is provided between the baffle 486 and the chassis 485.

[0052] After the inspection is completed, the external drive mechanism further drives the inspection device to extend into the borehole, causing the chassis 485 to be subjected to the reaction force at the bottom of the borehole. This, in turn, moves the long strip 481 and the first rack 482 on it. When the guide slope 4821 and the limiting surface 213 press against each other, the first rack 482 is forced to move inward and unlock from the second rack 483. At this time, the main support leg 421 moves in the opposite direction under the action of the first elastic element 460, thereby causing the main support leg 421 to retract inward. After all components are reset, the entire device can be moved out of the borehole by driving the external rod 100, awaiting the next inspection.

[0053] It should be noted that, in order to prevent the partition plate 250 and the baffle plate 486 from blocking the long strip plate 481 when it moves toward the inner sleeve 220, the contact area between the long strip plate 481, the baffle plate 486, and the partition plate 250 is made of a compressible elastic material. At the same time, the chassis 485 is provided with a groove for the long strip plate 481 to slide inward.

[0054] The following is a method for using a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions, as described in this embodiment: S1. The external drive mechanism is connected to the external rod 100, and the external rod 100 is driven to move the casing mechanism 200 as a whole into the borehole. S2. Inflate the airbag 300 through the air supply pipe 320, so that the airbag 300 expands and fits against the inner wall of the borehole; at this time, the third channel 310 can be formed between two adjacent airbags 300 and the inner wall of the borehole. S3, the airbag 300 injects air into the pneumatic push rod through the air supply branch pipe 330, pushes the sliding sleeve 412 to move, and then drives one end of the main support leg 421 to unfold and squeeze the inner wall of the borehole in the opposite direction. During the movement of the sliding sleeve 412, the first rack 482 can freely pass over the second rack 483; when the sliding sleeve 412 stops moving, the second rack 483 can engage and lock the first rack 482 in one direction. S4. Water is supplied to the interior of the first channel 230 through the water inlet pipe 270, and then supplied to the corresponding third channel 310 through the second through hole 221 and the first through hole 211. S5. The pressure sensor 340 detects the water pressure inside different third channels 310 and transmits the data to the external central control unit for further detection, thereby completing the geological prediction detection function inside the borehole. S6. The detection device is further driven into the borehole by the external drive mechanism. When the chassis 485 is subjected to the reaction force at the bottom of the borehole, it will drive the long strip plate 481 and the first rack 482 on it to move. When the guide slope 4821 and the limiting surface 213 are pressed against each other, the first rack 482 is forced to move inward and unlock with the second rack 483 to complete the reset operation of the main support leg 421. S7. Finally, remove the device and wait for the next test.

[0055] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions, comprising an external rod (100) for connection to an external drive mechanism, characterized in that: The external rod (100) is connected to a sleeve mechanism (200). The sleeve mechanism (200) includes an inner sleeve (220) and an outer sleeve (210) that are arranged in an inner and outer manner. The inner cavity of the inner sleeve (220) forms a first channel (230), and the first channel (230) is connected to a water inlet pipe (270). A second channel (240) is formed between the inner sleeve (220) and the outer sleeve (210). The second channel (240) is divided into several branch channels by several partitions (250), and each branch channel is interconnected with the first channel (230). The outer sleeve (210) is fitted with a plurality of airbags (300) along its axial direction, and the airbags (300) are connected to the air supply pipe (320); After being inflated, the airbags (300) are in close contact with the inner wall of the borehole, and a third channel (310) is formed between two adjacent airbags (300) and the inner wall of the borehole. The third channel (310) corresponds to and is interconnected with the branch channels, and a pressure sensor (340) is provided in the third channel (310). The outer sleeve (210) is also fitted with a support and positioning mechanism (400). The support and positioning mechanism (400) includes a first mounting block (411) fixedly sleeved on the outer sleeve (210), and a sliding sleeve (412) slidably sleeved on the outer sleeve (210); wherein, The first mounting block (411) is hinged with a plurality of main support legs (421) arranged in a ring, and the sliding sleeve (412) is hinged with a secondary support leg (422) corresponding to the main support leg (421) one by one, and the secondary support leg (422) is hinged to the main support leg (421); The sliding sleeve (412) is connected to a drive member (430) for driving it to move. The sliding sleeve (412) is provided with a sliding groove (4121), and a slider (440) and a guide rod (450) are provided in the sliding groove (4121); wherein, The slider (440) is sleeved on the guide rod (450), and the secondary support leg (422) is hinged to the slider (440); and a second elastic element (470) is sleeved on the guide rod (450). The support positioning mechanism (400) further includes a locking assembly, which includes a strip plate (481) disposed in the second channel (240), and the partition plate (250) has a through hole for the strip plate (481) to pass through. The long strip (481) is provided with a plurality of first toothed bars (482) arranged at intervals. The first rack (482) passes through the slot (212) on the outer sleeve (210) and meshes with the second rack (483) on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (412), and the two racks are driven in one direction. A third elastic element (484) is provided between the long strip (481) and the inner sleeve (220), and a second channel (240) extends from the end of the long strip (481) away from the outer rod (100). The end of the first rack (482) is provided with a guide slope (4821), and the inner wall of the outer sleeve (210) near the slot (212) is provided with a limiting surface (213) that cooperates with the guide slope (4821). The long strip (481) drives the first rack (482) to move, causing the guide slope (4821) and the limiting surface (213) to press against each other, forcing the first rack (482) to move inward and unlock from the second rack (483); The outer sleeve (210) is provided with a baffle (486) at the end away from the outer rod (100), and the end of the long strip (481) passes through the baffle (486) and is connected to the chassis (485). A fourth elastic element (487) is provided between the baffle (486) and the chassis (485). The area in contact between the strip (481), the baffle (486), and the partition (250) is made of a compressible elastic material.

2. The tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer sleeve (210) is provided with a first through hole (211) for connecting the branch channel and the third channel (310), and the inner sleeve (220) is provided with a plurality of second through holes (221) for connecting the branch channel and the first channel (230); wherein, The second through hole (221) is connected to a solenoid valve (260), which is electrically connected to a pressure sensor (340).

3. The tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The airbag (300) is located in the area where the outer sleeve (210) extends into the borehole.

4. A tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The airbag (300) is fitted onto the outer sleeve (210) via the second mounting block (413); The driving component (430) is a pneumatic push rod, which is mounted on the second mounting block (413), and its input end is connected to the airbag (300) through the air supply branch pipe (330); A first elastic element (460) is provided between the second mounting block (413) and the sliding sleeve (412).

5. A method of using a tunnel geological parameter detection device for adverse geological conditions as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps, S1. The external drive mechanism is connected to the external rod (100), and the external rod (100) is driven to move the casing mechanism (200) as a whole into the borehole. S2. Inflate the airbag (300) through the air supply pipe (320) so that the airbag (300) expands and fits against the inner wall of the borehole; S3. The airbag (300) injects air into the pneumatic push rod through the air supply branch pipe (330) and pushes the sliding sleeve (412) to move, thereby causing one end of the main support leg (421) to unfold and squeeze the inner wall of the borehole in the opposite direction. During the movement of the sliding sleeve (412), the first rack (482) can freely pass over the second rack (483); when the sliding sleeve (412) stops moving, the second rack (483) can engage and lock the first rack (482) in one direction. S4. Water is supplied to the interior of the first channel (230) through the water inlet pipe (270) and then supplied to the corresponding third channel (310) through the second through hole (221) and the first through hole (211); S5. The water pressure inside different third channels (310) is detected by pressure sensor (340), and the data is transmitted to the external central control unit for detection, thereby completing the geological prediction detection function inside the borehole.

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