Biomass cfb boiler bed material real-time storage and replenishment system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a biomass CFB boiler bed material real-time storage and supply system and method, which comprises a CFB boiler, an ash discharging pipe, a cold ash collector, a slag discharging pipe, a cold slag collector, a vibrating screen, a sealed storage subsystem, an intelligent supply subsystem, a central control subsystem and a Roots blower; hot circulating ash discharged from the bottom of a material return device of the CFB boiler enters the cold ash collector through the ash discharging pipe, and the hot circulating ash is cooled to below 150 DEG C and then is transported to a bed material storage bin through a pneumatic conveying pipeline; bottom slag discharged from a slag discharging port at the bottom of a hearth of the CFB boiler enters the cold slag collector through the slag discharging pipe, and the cooled bottom slag then enters the vibrating screen, and fine particles screened out are transported to the bed material storage bin through the pneumatic conveying pipeline. The application can realize real-time recovery and storage of boiler circulating ash and bottom slag and real-time intelligent supply of bed material, guarantees the material concentration of the boiler in an optimal state, and thus makes the boiler realize efficient and environmentally-friendly combustion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fuel combustion technology, and specifically relates to a real-time storage and replenishment system and method for biomass CFB boiler bed material. Background Technology

[0002] Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, with their significant advantages such as wide fuel adaptability, deep peak-shaving capability, and low environmental operating costs, are easy to implement in engineering applications and have been widely used in my country's thermal power industry and biomass power generation sector. However, in actual operation, biomass CFB boilers face challenges such as insufficient ash concentration in the upper part of the furnace, excessive temperature in the dense phase zone, large total air volume required for operation, and NOx emissions after commissioning, due to the large fluctuations in biomass fuel characteristics. x The high initial concentration of SO2 presents challenges. Some biomass fuels have high impurity and moisture content, leading to excessively low bed temperatures and low combustion efficiency under low-load operating conditions. Furthermore, coal-fired CFB boilers also exhibit similar problems. In the current era of rapid development of new energy sources and accelerated construction of new power systems, coal-fired CFB boilers face severe technical challenges in deep peak shaving, including managing NO2 under ultra-low load conditions. x Several key aspects, including effective emission control, stable combustion under low bed temperature conditions, accurate guarantee of steam parameters, and rapid response capability of boiler load.

[0003] To address the above issues, some boilers have adopted optimization and technical upgrades. However, these upgrades are large-scale, involve lengthy construction periods, and incur high investment costs, presenting significant technical challenges and risks. Most biomass CFB boilers maintain stable bed pressure and optimize the furnace temperature field by periodically replenishing bed materials (such as sand, limestone, and bottom ash) during operation. However, traditional replenishment methods rely heavily on manual, intermittent feeding, which has numerous drawbacks, including delayed replenishment, a low proportion of effective bed material in the total bed material, large fluctuations in bed temperature and pressure, and decreased thermal efficiency. Manual operation not only poses safety hazards but also fails to respond in real-time to changes in boiler operating conditions, exhibiting a lag. Existing mechanical replenishment systems mostly employ open-loop control, lacking the ability to dynamically coordinate and control the bed material consumption rate, inventory levels, and boiler operating parameters. Furthermore, existing bed material replenishment systems lack sealed storage modules; if stored outdoors, the bed material is prone to moisture absorption and clumping, leading to decreased fluidity and even blockage of the discharge port. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time storage and replenishment system and method for biomass CFB boiler bed material, addressing the problems mentioned in the background art, such as untimely replenishment leading to delays, low proportion of effective bed material in the total bed material, large fluctuations in bed temperature and pressure, decreased thermal efficiency, lack of dynamic collaborative control capabilities, and lack of sealed bed material storage. This system can precisely adjust the amount of effective bed material in the furnace, optimize the distribution of the temperature field within the furnace, and reduce operating wind speed and NO without large-scale modifications to the boiler body system. x The original concentration is adjusted to achieve deep peak shaving and rapid start-up and shutdown of the boiler, while ensuring that the boiler can operate stably for a long period of time in a high-efficiency, environmentally friendly, flexible, low-carbon and long-term manner.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material includes a CFB boiler, ash discharge pipe, ash cooler, slag discharge pipe, slag cooler, vibrating screen, sealed storage subsystem, intelligent replenishment subsystem, central control subsystem, and Roots blower.

[0007] The ash discharge pipe outlet at the bottom of the CFB boiler is connected to the inlet of the ash cooler. The vibrating screen is located below the ash cooler. The small particles screened out are transported to the sealed storage subsystem via the intelligent feeding subsystem. The bottom of the return feeder of the CFB boiler is equipped with an ash discharge pipe. The circulating ash is transported from the bottom of the return feeder through the ash discharge pipe, the ash cooler and the intelligent feeding subsystem to the sealed storage subsystem.

[0008] The central control subsystem is used to control the sealed storage subsystem and the intelligent supply subsystem respectively; dry compressed air is introduced into the sealed storage subsystem and the intelligent supply subsystem via a Roots blower.

[0009] The invention further comprises a sealed storage subsystem including a bed material storage bin, an annular fluidizing duct, a weighing module, and a manual gate valve for the bin. The annular fluidizing duct is arranged at the bottom of the bed material storage bin, the weighing module is arranged below the support legs of the bed material storage bin, and the manual gate valve for the bin is located at the outlet of the bed material storage bin.

[0010] The present invention further comprises an intelligent replenishment subsystem including a pneumatic conveying pipeline, a blower tank, a blower tank shut-off valve, a vertical rotary feeder valve, a variable frequency motor, a distributor, and an online monitoring unit; the bed material is conveyed through the pneumatic conveying pipeline and sequentially fed into the furnace via the blower tank, the vertical rotary feeder valve, and the distributor; the blower tank shut-off valve is located at the inlet of the blower tank, and the vertical rotary feeder valve is connected to the variable frequency motor; the online monitoring unit is used to monitor the material concentration level in the upper part of the furnace; based on the boiler operating load, the bed material is replenished in a timely manner when the material concentration in the upper part of the furnace is insufficient; and replenishment is stopped when the material concentration in the upper part of the furnace is higher than a preset value.

[0011] The present invention further comprises a central control subsystem including a data acquisition layer, a decision algorithm layer, and an execution control layer; the data acquisition layer receives data signals from the online monitoring unit and the weighing module in real time; the decision algorithm layer dynamically calculates the replenishment requirements based on the data from the data acquisition layer and the bed material consumption model, and outputs instructions to the vertical rotary feeder valve through the execution control layer.

[0012] A further aspect of this invention is that the top of the bed material storage bin is equipped with a rainproof cover and a humidity sensor; the inner wall of the bed material storage bin is covered with a ceramic wear-resistant layer.

[0013] A further aspect of this invention is that the outlet of the bed material storage bin is connected to the inlet of the injection tank via a manual gate valve of the silo and a shut-off valve of the injection tank, and the injection tank adopts a pneumatic conveying method.

[0014] A further aspect of this invention is that the ash discharge pipe and the slag discharge pipe are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant materials, and each ash discharge pipe and slag discharge pipe is equipped with a manual insertion gate.

[0015] The present invention further comprises that the cooling method of the ash cooler is mainly water cooling, and the cooling water is demineralized water; a spiral sealing conveying method is adopted, with hot ash flowing inside the pipe and cooling water flowing outside the pipe.

[0016] A method for real-time storage and replenishment of biomass CFB boiler bed material, the method being based on the aforementioned real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material, comprising:

[0017] The hot circulating ash discharged from the bottom of the return feeder of the CFB boiler enters the ash cooler through the ash discharge pipe. After the hot circulating ash is cooled to below 150°C, it is transported to the bed material storage bin through the pneumatic conveying pipeline. The bottom ash discharged from the bottom ash discharge port of the CFB boiler enters the ash cooler through the ash discharge pipe. The cooled bottom ash then enters the vibrating screen, and the fine particles screened out are transported to the bed material storage bin through the pneumatic conveying pipeline.

[0018] The present invention further includes:

[0019] The weighing module monitors the amount of bed material stored in the bed material storage bin in real time, while the online monitoring unit monitors the furnace differential pressure, boiler load, and boiler bed temperature in real time and calculates and analyzes the boiler ash balance status; the data acquisition layer collects data signals from the weighing module and the online monitoring unit in real time.

[0020] The decision algorithm layer dynamically calculates the replenishment demand based on the data obtained from the data acquisition layer and the bed material consumption model, namely, the bed material inventory Q = original bed material quantity + coal feed quantity × ash content - bottom ash quantity - fly ash quantity - settling ash quantity - circulating ash discharge quantity;

[0021] The execution control layer outputs frequency conversion commands to the intelligent supply subsystem based on the supply demand calculated by the decision algorithm layer, and at the same time triggers the intermittent start and stop of the annular fluidized air duct;

[0022] According to the instructions issued by the central control subsystem, the bed material is sequentially fed into the upper part of the furnace through the manual gate valve of the hopper, the shut-off valve of the injection tank, the injection tank, the vertical rotary feed valve, the pneumatic conveying pipeline, and the distributor, so as to accurately adjust the effective bed material inventory in the furnace and stabilize the bed pressure.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] The present invention provides a real-time storage and replenishment system and method for biomass CFB boiler bed material, which has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] This invention collects and cools circulating ash and bottom ash in the boiler in real time through an ash discharge pipe (slag discharge pipe) and an ash cooler (slag cooler). The cooled circulating ash and bottom ash are easily conveyed pneumatically. This invention uses a vibrating screen at the bottom of the boiler to separate effective bed material (particle size 0-2 mm) that can be used to supplement the upper bed material in the boiler, avoiding the problem of insufficient effective bed material ratio. This invention stores the screened effective bed material in a bed material storage silo. A rainproof cover and humidity sensor are installed on the top of the bed material storage silo to ensure the material is dry. A ceramic wear-resistant layer is applied to the inner wall of the bed material storage silo to prevent wear and corrosion caused by the bed material.

[0026] Furthermore, the ash discharge pipes are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant materials, which can avoid shutdown problems caused by leakage. Each ash discharge pipe is equipped with a manual slide gate to close the ash discharge when the bed temperature is high, and can also isolate the system in case of an accident.

[0027] Furthermore, a weighing module is installed on the storage bin legs to monitor the bed material inventory in real time.

[0028] Furthermore, the injection tank adopts a pneumatic conveying method, which can quickly respond to control the bed stock in the furnace and has a flexible operation mode.

[0029] Furthermore, a ring-shaped fluidizing duct is installed at the bottom of the bed material storage silo to introduce dry compressed air and prevent the bed material from caking and clogging. The vertical rotary feeder valve effectively prevents gas backflow through its internal sealing structure and solid materials. Equipped with a variable frequency motor, it can continuously and stably convey materials and precisely control the feed rate. The dual anti-clogging design of the storage silo fluidizing air and the vertical rotary feeder valve reduces the system failure rate by 70%.

[0030] Furthermore, the central control subsystem receives data signals from the online monitoring unit and weighing module in real time, dynamically calculates replenishment requirements based on the bed material consumption model, and outputs instructions to the vertical rotary feeder valve to control the feed rate in real time. The closed-loop control response time is ≤5 seconds, and the bed pressure fluctuation range is reduced by more than 40%. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material according to the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0034] 1 is the CFB boiler, 2 is the ash discharge pipe, 3 is the ash cooler, 4 is the slag discharge pipe, 5 is the slag cooler, 6 is the vibrating screen, 7 is the sealed storage subsystem, 7.1 is the bed material storage bin, 7.2 is the annular fluidizing air duct, 7.3 is the weighing module, 7.4 is the manual gate valve of the silo, 8 is the intelligent supply subsystem, 8.1 is the pneumatic conveying pipeline, 8.2 is the injection tank, 8.3 is the injection tank shut-off valve, 8.4 is the vertical rotary feed valve, 8.5 is the variable frequency motor, 8.6 is the distributor, 8.7 is the online monitoring unit, 9 is the central control subsystem, 9.1 is the data acquisition layer, 9.2 is the decision algorithm layer, 9.3 is the execution control layer, and 10 is the Roots blower. Detailed Implementation

[0035] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0041] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0042] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See Figure 1 This invention provides a real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material, comprising a CFB boiler 1, an ash discharge pipe 2, an ash cooler 3, a slag discharge pipe 4, a slag cooler 5, a vibrating screen 6, a sealed storage subsystem 7, an intelligent replenishment subsystem 8, a central control subsystem 9, and a Roots blower 10. The outlet of the slag discharge pipe 4 at the bottom of the CFB boiler 1 is connected to the inlet of the slag cooler 5. The vibrating screen 6 is located below the slag cooler 5, and the small particles screened out are conveyed to the sealed storage subsystem 7 via the intelligent replenishment subsystem 8. An ash discharge pipe 2 is arranged at the bottom of the return feeder of the CFB boiler 1, and the circulating ash is conveyed from the bottom of the return feeder sequentially through the ash discharge pipe 2, the ash cooler 3, and the intelligent replenishment subsystem 8 to the sealed storage subsystem 7. The central control subsystem 9 is used to control the sealed storage subsystem 7 and the intelligent replenishment subsystem 8 respectively. Dry compressed air is introduced into the sealed storage subsystem 7 and the intelligent replenishment subsystem 8 via the Roots blower 10.

[0046] In this embodiment, the sealed storage subsystem 7 includes a bed material storage bin 7.1, an annular fluidizing duct 7.2, a weighing module 7.3, and a manual gate valve 7.4. The annular fluidizing duct 7.2 is arranged at the bottom of the bed material storage bin 7.1, the weighing module 7.3 is arranged below the support legs of the bed material storage bin 7.1, and the manual gate valve 7.4 is located at the outlet of the bed material storage bin 7.1.

[0047] In this embodiment, the intelligent replenishment subsystem 8 includes a pneumatic conveying pipeline 8.1, a blowdown tank 8.2, a blowdown tank shut-off valve 8.3, a vertical rotary feeder valve 8.4, a variable frequency motor 8.5, a distributor 8.6, and an online monitoring unit 8.7. Bed material is conveyed through the pneumatic conveying pipeline 8.1 and sequentially fed into the furnace via the blowdown tank 8.2, the vertical rotary feeder valve 8.4, and the distributor 8.6. The blowdown tank shut-off valve 8.3 is located at the inlet of the blowdown tank 8.2, and the vertical rotary feeder valve 8.4 is connected to the variable frequency motor 8.5. The online monitoring unit 8.7 monitors the material concentration level in the upper part of the furnace. Based on the boiler operating load, it replenishes bed material promptly when the material concentration in the upper part of the furnace is insufficient; it stops replenishing when the material concentration in the upper part of the furnace exceeds a preset value. The online monitoring unit 8.7 can utilize existing monitoring equipment on the boiler body, directly feeding its detection data signals back to the central control subsystem 9.

[0048] In this embodiment, the central control subsystem 9 includes a data acquisition layer 9.1, a decision algorithm layer 9.2, and an execution control layer 9.3. The data acquisition layer 9.1 receives data signals from the online monitoring unit 8.7 and the weighing module 7.3 in real time. The decision algorithm layer 9.2 dynamically calculates the replenishment requirements based on the data from the data acquisition layer 9.1 and the bed material consumption model, and outputs instructions to the vertical rotary feeder valve 8.4 through the execution control layer 9.3.

[0049] In this embodiment, the top of the bed material storage bin 7.1 is equipped with a rainproof cover and a humidity sensor; the inner wall of the bed material storage bin 7.1 is covered with a ceramic wear-resistant layer.

[0050] In this embodiment, the outlet of the bed material storage bin 7.1 is connected to the inlet of the blowing tank 8.2 via the manual gate valve 7.4 of the bin and the shut-off valve 8.3 of the blowing tank in sequence, and the blowing tank 8.2 adopts a pneumatic conveying method.

[0051] In this embodiment, the ash discharge pipe 2 and the slag discharge pipe 4 are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant materials, and each ash discharge pipe 2 and slag discharge pipe 4 is equipped with a manual insertion gate.

[0052] In this embodiment, the cooling method of the ash cooler 3 is mainly water cooling, and the cooling water is demineralized water; a spiral sealing conveying method is adopted, with hot ash flowing inside the pipe and cooling water flowing outside the pipe.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] See Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for real-time storage and replenishment of biomass CFB boiler bed material, comprising:

[0055] The hot circulating ash discharged from the bottom of the return feeder of CFB boiler 1 enters the ash cooler 3 through the ash discharge pipe 2. After being cooled to below 150 ℃, the hot circulating ash is transported to the bed material storage silo 7.1 through the pneumatic conveying pipeline. The bottom ash discharged from the bottom ash discharge port of the furnace of CFB boiler 1 enters the ash cooler 5 through the ash discharge pipe 4. The cooled bottom ash then enters the vibrating screen 6, and the fine particles (particle size of 0-2 mm) screened out are transported to the bed material storage silo 7.1 through the pneumatic conveying pipeline.

[0056] In this embodiment, the weighing module 7.3 monitors the amount of bed material stored in the bed material storage bin 7.1 in real time, while the online monitoring unit 8.7 monitors the furnace differential pressure, boiler load, and boiler bed temperature in real time, and calculates and analyzes the boiler ash balance status. The data acquisition layer 9.1 acquires the data signals from the weighing module 7.3 and the online monitoring unit 8.7 in real time.

[0057] The decision algorithm layer 9.2 dynamically calculates the replenishment requirement based on the data obtained from the data acquisition layer 9.1 and the bed material consumption model (formula: bed material inventory Q = original bed material quantity + coal feed quantity × ash content - bottom ash quantity - fly ash quantity - settled ash quantity - circulating ash discharge quantity). The bottom ash quantity, fly ash quantity, and settled ash quantity generally have fixed proportions and can be determined through testing and experiments based on the specific coal type of the specific boiler; the circulating ash quantity can be directly input using the equipment's test data.

[0058] The execution control layer 9.3 outputs frequency conversion commands to the intelligent supply subsystem 8 based on the supply demand calculated by the decision algorithm layer 9.2, and simultaneously triggers the intermittent start and stop of the annular fluidized air duct 7.2.

[0059] According to the instructions issued by the central control subsystem 9, the bed material is sequentially fed into the upper part of the furnace through the manual gate valve 7.4 of the hopper, the shut-off valve 8.3 of the injection tank, the injection tank 8.2, the vertical rotary feeder 8.4, the pneumatic conveying pipeline 8.1, and the distributor 8.6, so as to accurately adjust the effective bed material inventory in the furnace and stabilize the bed pressure.

[0060] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0061] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material, characterized in that, It includes a CFB boiler (1), ash discharge pipe (2), ash cooler (3), slag discharge pipe (4), slag cooler (5), vibrating screen (6), sealed storage subsystem (7), intelligent supply subsystem (8), central control subsystem (9) and Roots blower (10). The outlet of the ash discharge pipe (4) at the bottom of the CFB boiler (1) is connected to the inlet of the ash cooler (5). The vibrating screen (6) is located below the ash cooler (5). The small particles screened out are transported to the sealed storage subsystem (7) through the intelligent feeding subsystem (8). The bottom of the return feeder of the CFB boiler (1) is equipped with an ash discharge pipe (2). The circulating ash is transported from the bottom of the return feeder through the ash discharge pipe (2), the ash cooler (3) and the intelligent feeding subsystem (8) to the sealed storage subsystem (7). The central control subsystem (9) is used to control the sealed storage subsystem (7) and the intelligent supply subsystem (8) respectively; dry compressed air is introduced into the sealed storage subsystem (7) and the intelligent supply subsystem (8) via the Roots blower (10); The sealed storage subsystem (7) includes a bed material storage bin (7.1), an annular fluidizing duct (7.2), a weighing module (7.3), and a manual gate valve (7.4) for the silo. The annular fluidizing duct (7.2) is located at the bottom of the bed material storage bin (7.1), the weighing module (7.3) is located below the support legs of the bed material storage bin (7.1), and the manual gate valve (7.4) for the silo is located at the outlet of the bed material storage bin (7.1). The intelligent replenishment subsystem (8) includes a pneumatic conveying pipeline (8.1), a blower tank (8.2), a blower tank shut-off valve (8.3), a vertical rotary feeder valve (8.4), a variable frequency motor (8.5), a distributor (8.6), and an online monitoring unit (8.7). The bed material is conveyed through the pneumatic conveying pipeline (8.1) and sequentially fed into the furnace through the blower tank (8.2), the vertical rotary feeder valve (8.4), and the distributor (8.6). The blower tank shut-off valve (8.3) is located at the inlet of the blower tank (8.2), and the vertical rotary feeder valve (8.4) is connected to the variable frequency motor (8.5). The online monitoring unit (8.7) is used to monitor the material concentration level in the upper part of the furnace. According to the boiler operating load, the bed material is replenished in time when the material concentration in the upper part of the furnace is insufficient. The replenishment is stopped when the material concentration in the upper part of the furnace is higher than the preset value. The central control subsystem (9) includes a data acquisition layer (9.1), a decision algorithm layer (9.2), and an execution control layer (9.3). The data acquisition layer (9.1) receives data signals from the online monitoring unit (8.7) and the weighing module (7.3) in real time. The decision algorithm layer (9.2) dynamically calculates the replenishment demand based on the data from the data acquisition layer (9.1) and the bed material consumption model, and outputs instructions to the vertical rotary feeder valve (8.4) through the execution control layer (9.3).

2. The real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the bed material storage bin (7.1) is equipped with a rain cover and a humidity sensor; the inner wall of the bed material storage bin (7.1) is covered with a ceramic wear-resistant layer.

3. The real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet of the bed material storage silo (7.1) is connected to the inlet of the blow tank (8.2) via the manual gate valve (7.4) of the silo and the shut-off valve (8.3) of the blow tank in sequence, and the blow tank (8.2) adopts a pneumatic conveying method.

4. The real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ash discharge pipe (2) and slag discharge pipe (4) are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature resistant materials, and each ash discharge pipe (2) and slag discharge pipe (4) is equipped with a manual insertion gate.

5. A real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling method of the ash cooler (3) is mainly water cooling, and the cooling water is demineralized water; a spiral sealing conveying method is adopted, with hot ash going inside the pipe and cooling water going outside the pipe.

6. A method for real-time storage and replenishment of biomass CFB boiler bed material, characterized in that, This method is based on a real-time storage and replenishment system for biomass CFB boiler bed material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: The hot circulating ash discharged from the bottom of the return feeder of the CFB boiler (1) enters the ash cooler (3) through the ash discharge pipe (2). After the hot circulating ash is cooled to below 150°C, it is transported to the bed material storage silo (7.1) through the pneumatic conveying pipeline. The bottom ash discharged from the bottom ash discharge port of the furnace of the CFB boiler (1) enters the ash cooler (5) through the ash discharge pipe (4). The cooled bottom ash then enters the vibrating screen (6), and the fine particles screened out are transported to the bed material storage silo (7.1) through the pneumatic conveying pipeline.

7. A method for real-time storage and replenishment of biomass CFB boiler bed material according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The weighing module (7.3) monitors the amount of bed material stored in the bed material storage bin (7.1) in real time, while the online monitoring unit (8.7) monitors the furnace differential pressure, boiler load, and boiler bed temperature in real time and calculates and analyzes the boiler ash balance status; the data acquisition layer (9.1) acquires the data signals from the weighing module (7.3) and the online monitoring unit (8.7) in real time. The decision algorithm layer (9.2) dynamically calculates the replenishment demand based on the data obtained by the data acquisition layer (9.1) and the bed material consumption model, namely, the bed material inventory Q = original bed material quantity + coal feed quantity × ash content - bottom ash quantity - fly ash quantity - settling ash quantity - circulating ash discharge quantity; The execution control layer (9.3) outputs frequency conversion commands to the intelligent supply subsystem (8) based on the supply demand calculated by the decision algorithm layer (9.2), and at the same time triggers the intermittent start and stop of the annular fluidized air duct (7.2); According to the instructions issued by the central control subsystem (9), the bed material is sequentially sent into the upper part of the furnace through the manual gate valve (7.4) of the hopper, the shut-off valve (8.3) of the injection tank, the injection tank (8.2), the vertical rotary feeder (8.4), the pneumatic conveying pipeline (8.1), and the distributor (8.6), so as to accurately adjust the amount of effective bed material in the furnace and stabilize the bed pressure.

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