Coal rock stratum tunneling simulation method, device and system and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal rock stratum tunneling simulation method, device and system and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first mechanical parameter of a target coal rock stratum; constructing an initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal rock stratum according to the first mechanical parameters; second mechanical parameters of the target coal rock stratum are obtained through a Brazilian disc test block experiment; calibrating the first mechanical parameters of first-level sub-blocks, first-level sub-block contact surfaces, second-level sub-blocks and contact surfaces among the second-level sub-blocks in the initial geometric model through the second mechanical parameters to obtain a final geometric model corresponding to the target coal rock stratum; and performing tunneling simulation on the final geometric model to obtain the change condition of the to-be-observed index in the final geometric model. By adopting the scheme provided by the invention, coal and rock stratum tunneling can be simulated, and the disturbance range of coal mining on the soil body can be identified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, system and storage medium for simulating coal and rock strata tunneling. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, although the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption is declining, the demand for coal remains very high. During coal mining, cavities are easily formed. If not supported or treated in time, these cavities can create large areas of voids underground, leading to changes and damage to the underground rock structure. This alters the originally stable geological structure and causes ground subsidence. Ground subsidence not only damages the surrounding environment, buildings, and roads, but also triggers geological disasters such as earthquakes and landslides, affects groundwater resources, and can even lead to ecological imbalance. The problem of mining subsidence caused by coal mining is increasingly attracting global attention; however, there is currently no method to identify the extent of soil disturbance caused by coal seam mining.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide a simulation method for coal and rock strata tunneling to simulate the tunneling process and identify the extent of soil disturbance caused by coal mining has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method, apparatus, system, and storage medium for simulating coal and rock strata tunneling, used to simulate coal and rock strata tunneling and identify the extent of soil disturbance caused by coal mining.

[0005] This application provides a method for simulating coal and rock strata tunneling, including:

[0006] Obtain the first mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata;

[0007] Construct an initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata based on the first mechanical parameters;

[0008] The second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata were obtained through Brazilian disc block experiments.

[0009] The first mechanical parameters of the first-level sub-block, the contact surface of the first-level sub-block, the second-level sub-block, and the contact surface between the second-level sub-blocks in the initial geometric model are calibrated using the second mechanical parameters to obtain the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata.

[0010] The final geometric model is subjected to tunneling simulation to obtain the changes in the observed indicators in the final geometric model, wherein the observed indicators include the changes in depression depth, ground fissures, the overall collapse depth of the model, and the characteristics of model stress.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application obtains the first mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata, constructs a corresponding geometric model of the target coal and rock strata, and obtains the second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata through Brazilian disc test block experiments. The first mechanical parameters are then calibrated using the second mechanical parameters to obtain the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata, thus improving the accuracy of the model simulation. Finally, by simulating the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata, the changes in the observed indicators are obtained, and then, through simulation of coal and rock strata tunneling, the range of soil disturbance caused by coal mining is identified.

[0012] In one embodiment, obtaining the first mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata includes:

[0013] The mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata are obtained by conducting on-site drilling and measurement.

[0014] In one embodiment, obtaining the mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata through on-site drilling and measurement includes:

[0015] Conduct on-site drilling of the target coal and rock strata;

[0016] During the drilling process, at least one of the following mechanical parameters is received by sensors:

[0017] The density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, cohesion, tensile strength, internal friction angle, normal stiffness, tangential stiffness, bond strength, friction angle, and tensile strength of coal and rock strata blocks.

[0018] In one embodiment, constructing the initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata based on the first mechanical parameters includes:

[0019] Determine the size range of the model;

[0020] Generate geometric model blocks corresponding to the stated size range;

[0021] Perform a joint on the geometric model block to generate a first preset number of first-level sub-blocks;

[0022] Assign the mechanical parameters obtained from borehole measurements to the contact surfaces between each first-level sub-block;

[0023] Each primary sub-block is further jointed to divide each primary sub-block into smaller secondary sub-blocks;

[0024] Assign corresponding first mechanical parameters to each secondary sub-block and the contact surface between secondary sub-blocks.

[0025] In one embodiment, before obtaining the second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata through the Brazilian disc test, the method further includes:

[0026] Set the gravitational acceleration of the target coal and rock strata.

[0027] In one embodiment, setting the gravitational acceleration of the target coal and rock strata includes:

[0028] Set the gravitational acceleration at the bottom of the model (vertical direction) and the horizontal acceleration at both sides to 0.

[0029] In one embodiment, performing a tunneling simulation on the final geometric model to obtain changes in the observed indicators within the final geometric model includes:

[0030] The coal mining process is simulated by adjusting the excavation advance distance of the blocks where the coal and rock strata are located in the final geometric model.

[0031] During the simulated coal mining process, the changes in the observed indicators in the geometric model are obtained.

[0032] This application also provides a coal and rock strata tunneling simulation device, comprising:

[0033] The first acquisition module is used to acquire the first mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata.

[0034] The construction module is used to construct the initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata based on the first mechanical parameters;

[0035] The second acquisition module is used to obtain the second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata through the Brazilian disc test block experiment;

[0036] The calibration module is used to calibrate the first mechanical parameters of the first-level sub-block, the contact surface of the first-level sub-block, the second-level sub-block, and the contact surface between the second-level sub-blocks in the initial geometric model through the second mechanical parameters, so as to obtain the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock layer.

[0037] The simulation module is used to perform tunneling simulation on the final geometric model to obtain the changes of the observed indicators in the final geometric model, wherein the observed indicators include the depth of depression, the change of ground fissures, the overall collapse depth of the model, and the characteristics of the model stress.

[0038] In one embodiment, the first acquisition module is further configured to:

[0039] The mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata are obtained by conducting on-site drilling and measurement.

[0040] In one embodiment, the first acquisition module includes:

[0041] The drilling submodule is used for on-site drilling of target coal and rock strata;

[0042] The receiving submodule is used to receive at least one of the following mechanical parameters via sensors during the on-site drilling process:

[0043] The density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, cohesion, tensile strength, internal friction angle, normal stiffness, tangential stiffness, bond strength, friction angle, and tensile strength of coal and rock strata blocks.

[0044] In one embodiment, the building module includes:

[0045] The determination submodule is used to determine the size range of the model;

[0046] A generation submodule is used to generate geometric model blocks corresponding to the size range;

[0047] The first section, the processing module, is used to process the geometric model block once to generate a first preset number of first-level sub-blocks;

[0048] The first assignment submodule is used to assign the mechanical parameters obtained from drilling measurements to each first-level sub-block and the contact surface between the first-level sub-blocks;

[0049] The second section, the sub-module, is used to perform secondary jointing on each first-level sub-block, so as to further divide each first-level sub-block into smaller second-level sub-blocks.

[0050] The second assignment submodule is used to assign corresponding first mechanical parameters to each secondary sub-block and the contact surface between the secondary sub-blocks.

[0051] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes:

[0052] The settings module is used to set the gravitational acceleration of the target coal and rock strata.

[0053] In one embodiment, the setting module is further configured to:

[0054] Set the gravitational acceleration at the bottom of the model (vertical direction) and the horizontal acceleration at both sides to 0.

[0055] In one embodiment, the simulation module includes:

[0056] The adjustment submodule is used to simulate the coal mining process by adjusting the excavation advance distance of the blocks where the coal and rock strata are located in the final geometric model;

[0057] The simulation submodule is used to obtain the changes of the observed indicators in the geometric model during the simulated coal mining process.

[0058] This application also provides a coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system, including:

[0059] At least one processor; and,

[0060] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0061] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to implement the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0062] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which, when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor corresponding to the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system, enables the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system to implement the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0063] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0064] The technical solution of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0065] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present application to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0066] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a coal and rock strata tunneling simulation method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the UDEC model in one embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the dynamic development characteristics of overburden deformation and ground fissures during the working face advancement process in one embodiment of this application.

[0069] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the stress variation of the overlying strata at different advance distances of the working face in one embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the identification results of the disturbance range of the overlying rock and soil strata during the working face advancement process in one embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coal and rock strata tunneling simulation device according to one embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system according to one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The preferred embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0074] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a coal and rock strata tunneling simulation method according to an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method can be implemented as follows: S101-S105:

[0075] In step S101, the first mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata are obtained;

[0076] In step S102, an initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata is constructed based on the first mechanical parameters;

[0077] In step S103, the second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata are obtained through the Brazilian disc test block experiment;

[0078] In step S104, the first mechanical parameters of the first-level sub-block, the contact surface of the first-level sub-block, the second-level sub-block, and the contact surface between the second-level sub-blocks in the initial geometric model are calibrated using the second mechanical parameters to obtain the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock layer.

[0079] In step S105, a tunneling simulation is performed on the final geometric model to obtain the changes in the observed indicators in the final geometric model. The observed indicators include the changes in depression depth, ground fissures, the overall collapse depth of the model, and the characteristics of model stress.

[0080] In this application, the first mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata are obtained. In one embodiment of this application, the mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata are obtained by conducting on-site drilling measurements. Specifically, firstly, on-site drilling is performed on the target coal and rock strata. Then, during the on-site drilling process, at least one of the following mechanical parameters is received by sensors: density of the coal and rock strata blocks, bulk modulus of the coal and rock strata blocks, shear modulus of the coal and rock strata blocks, cohesion of the coal and rock strata blocks, tensile strength of the coal and rock strata blocks, internal friction angle of the coal and rock strata blocks, normal stiffness between coal and rock strata blocks, tangential stiffness between coal and rock strata blocks, bond force between coal and rock strata blocks, friction angle between coal and rock strata blocks, and tensile strength between coal and rock strata blocks. Of course, the mechanical parameters of multiple target coal and rock strata can also be obtained in advance, stored and numbered, and then the first mechanical parameters of the corresponding target coal and rock strata can be obtained according to the target coal and rock strata number. It should be noted that the first mechanical parameter of the target coal and rock strata in this application includes both the mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata and the mechanical parameters of the joint surfaces of the target coal and rock strata, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, which are the mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata and the mechanical parameters of the joint surfaces of the target coal and rock strata obtained in an embodiment of this application, respectively.

[0081] Table 1 Mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata

[0082]

[0083] Table 2 Mechanical parameters of joint surfaces in target coal and rock strata

[0084]

[0085] It is understandable that the first type of mechanical parameter obtained above is pre-selected, and the selection principles are as follows: ① Engineering experience principle: Based on the actual situation of similar projects and previous experience data, select geotechnical parameters similar to those of the actual project. This method is relatively simple, but requires certain engineering experience. ② Field testing principle: Obtain actual geotechnical parameters through field sampling and testing. This method can obtain relatively accurate parameter values, but it requires time-consuming and labor-intensive testing at the actual construction site. Based on relevant experimental data and the geological characteristics of the study area, and fully considering the characteristics of coal-bearing strata with multiple joints and fractures and the geological conditions of significant differences in lithology between coal seams and rock strata, the mechanical parameter data obtained from the experiments are appropriately converted. Furthermore, in order to obtain objective and accurate results, the mechanical parameters in this application can also be obtained by converting multiple sets of experimental results, that is, by adding up each type of mechanical parameter obtained from the experiment for each rock stratum and taking the average value, thereby obtaining more reasonable rock stratum mechanical parameters.

[0086] An initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata is constructed based on the first mechanical parameters. To determine the initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata, it is necessary to determine the size range of the geometric model, and then classify and demarcate the geology in the geological mining profile, assigning identifiers and assigning values ​​to their dimensions. Specifically, the geological boundaries in the geological mining profile are classified, including: topography, engineering boundaries, strata, and faultless areas. The specific steps for constructing the initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata are as follows: First, determine the size range of the model. This size can be a pre-fixed value or adjusted proportionally according to the actual size of the target coal and rock strata. Then, generate geometric model blocks corresponding to the size range, perform a first joint on the geometric model blocks to generate a first preset number of primary sub-blocks; assign the mechanical parameters obtained from borehole measurements to the contact surfaces between each primary sub-block; then perform a second joint on each primary sub-block to further divide each primary sub-block into smaller secondary sub-blocks; assign the corresponding first mechanical parameters to the contact surfaces between each secondary sub-block. In one embodiment of this application, a UDEC model is established based on the obtained first mechanical parameters. Specifically, based on the requirements for creating a general UDEC model based on geological coal mining profiles, a command file is designed, and the design and template compilation of the UDEC command file are completed. The requirements are based on the relevant coal and rock strata mechanical parameters (as shown in Table 1) and joint surface mechanical parameter diagrams (as shown in Table 2) obtained from on-site measurements of the coal and rock strata. The UDEC model is established based on the aforementioned first mechanical parameters. Figure 2 As shown. The initial geometric model establishment process is as follows: After determining the size range of the geometric model, according to the different rock layers in Table 1, the geometric model block is jointed once to generate 8 first-level sub-blocks. Then, the mechanical parameters obtained from borehole measurements are assigned to the contact surfaces between each first-level sub-block. That is, each rock layer is divided into a separate interval, and the size range of the lithological layer is controlled according to the thickness of each rock layer in Table 1. The remaining mechanical parameters are assigned to the corresponding rock layers, and the remaining parameters are the identifiers. Then, the 8 first-level sub-blocks are jointed a second time to further subdivide each first-level sub-block into smaller second-level sub-blocks. Finally, the corresponding mechanical parameters are assigned to the contact surfaces between each second-level sub-block.

[0087] In one specific embodiment, the geometric model has a length of 400 meters and a height of 125 meters. First, create a new file and name it; set the radius of the rounded corner blocks of the cubes to 0.1 meters, and the maximum embedding distance between blocks to 1 meter; then generate a rectangular block range with a length of 0-400 meters and a height of 0-125 meters. Next, draw a straight line between the points (0, 113) and (400, 113), thus establishing a rectangular block at the four points (0, 113), (400, 113), (0, 125), and (400, 125). This block is defined by a joint, named 1. Then, define the joint angle as 90°; the joint length; the joint distance (vertical spacing); and the horizontal distance, with the starting point coordinates being 0, 113. Next, draw a straight line between the points (0, 104) and (400, 104), thus establishing a rectangular block at the four points (0, 104), (400, 104), (0, 113), and (400, 113). The scope of this block is defined by a joint, named 2. Then, the joint angle (90°), joint length, joint distance (vertical spacing), and lateral distance are defined, with the starting point coordinates being 0, 104. Next, a straight line is drawn between the points (0, 90) and (400, 90), thus establishing a rectangular block scope at these four points. This block is defined by a joint, named 3. Then, the joint angle (90°), joint length, and joint distance (vertical spacing) and lateral distance are defined, with the starting point coordinates being 0, 90. Next, a straight line is drawn between the points (0, 68) and (400, 90). Draw a straight line between points (0, 68), thus establishing a rectangular block at the four points (0, 68), (400, 68), (0, 90), and (400, 90). This block defines a joint, named 4. Then, define the joint angle (90°), joint length, joint distance (vertical spacing), and horizontal distance, starting at coordinates 0, 68. Next, draw a straight line between points (0, 54) and (400, 54), thus establishing a rectangular block at the four points (0, 54), (400, 54), (0, 68), and (400, 68). This block defines a joint, named 5. Then, define the joint angle... 90°; joint length; joint distance, i.e., longitudinal interval; lateral distance, starting point coordinates are 0, 54; then draw a straight line between the two points (0, 20) and (400, 20), thus establishing a rectangular block area at the four points (0, 20), (400, 20), (0, 54), and (400, 54). This block defines the joint, named 6, and then continues to define the joint angle 90°; joint length; joint distance, i.e., longitudinal interval; lateral distance, starting point coordinates are 0, 20; then draw a straight line between the two points (0, 3.5) and (400, 3.5), thus establishing a rectangular block area at the four points (0, 3.5) and (400, 3.5).The four points (0, 20) and (400, 20) define a rectangular block area. This block is defined by joints, named 7. Then, the joint angle (90°), joint length, joint distance (vertical interval), and lateral distance are defined, with the starting point coordinates being 0, 3.5. Next, a straight line is drawn between the points (0, 0) and (400, 0), thus establishing a rectangular block area at these four points. This block is defined by joints, named 8. Then, the joint angle (90°), joint length, joint distance (vertical interval), and lateral distance are defined, with the starting point coordinates being 0, 0. Finally, the maximum deformation of the block is defined, and the block conforms to the Coulomb criterion, with contact slip between joint surfaces – coulmb slip. Next, the block mechanical parameters of rock strata 1-8 are defined: density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, cohesion, tensile strength, and internal friction angle. The contact surface mechanical parameters of the contact surfaces between the blocks of rock strata 1-8 are also defined: normal stiffness, tangential stiffness, bond strength, friction angle, and tensile strength.

[0088] Understandably, before obtaining the second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock layer through the Brazilian disc test block experiment, the gravitational acceleration of the target coal and rock layer can be set, for example, the gravitational acceleration velocities in the vertical direction at the bottom of the model and the horizontal direction on both sides can be set to 0 respectively.

[0089] The second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata were obtained through Brazilian disc block experiments. These second mechanical parameters were then used to calibrate the first mechanical parameters of the primary sub-blocks, the contact surfaces between primary sub-blocks, the secondary sub-blocks, and the contact surfaces between secondary sub-blocks in the initial geometric model, thus obtaining the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata.

[0090] The UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) test block model is calibrated by adjusting the input parameters of the block and contact surface using a trial-and-error method. The Brazilian disc test block model uses the spatial coordinates (x0, y0, z0) of the disc center to determine the location of the structural plane, and the angle between the disc and the rectangular coordinate system to determine the dip angle of the structural plane. The disc radius r is used to determine the size of the structural plane. The rock mass structural plane is calculated according to the following expression:

[0091] A(x-x0)+B(y-y0)+C(z-z0)=0

[0092] (x-x0) 2 +(y-y0) 2 +(z-z0) 2 <r

[0093] Among them, A=sinαsinβ, B=sinαcosβ, and C=cosα.

[0094] The use of a disk model can improve the statistical efficiency and accuracy of structural surfaces, and improve the accuracy of soil disturbance and collapse displacement to the centimeter level, making local displacement characteristics more obvious.

[0095] In one embodiment of this application, a UDECtrigon logic calibration model is established by creating a UCS test block model with a width of 3m and a height of 6m, and a Brazilian disc test block with a diameter of 3m. The input parameters of the blocks and contact surfaces are adjusted using a trial-and-error method to match the characteristics of the ore body and soil. The principle of trial and error is as follows: 1. Model alignment and positioning: When creating complex 3D models, defining a suitable UCS allows specific parts of the model to be aligned to coordinate axes that are easy to manipulate or measure. 2. Precise measurement and editing: Using a UCS, designers can measure and edit objects more precisely because it allows reference to local features of the model, rather than the global coordinate system. This is very helpful for verifying the dimensional accuracy of the model or checking for construction errors. 3. Visual verification: By viewing the model under different UCSs, designers can check the correctness of the model from multiple perspectives, helping to discover hidden alignment errors or inconsistencies. 4. Trial and error iteration: During the design process, the UCS may be adjusted multiple times to try different alignment methods or perspectives. This "trial and error" process is actually optimizing the model design through continuous adjustment and verification. By measuring various parameters of the coal and rock strata through on-site drilling, these data are edited into code to establish a rock strata topography similar to that on-site to match the characteristics of the ore body and soil, thus obtaining the final geometric model.

[0096] The final geometric model is subjected to tunneling simulation to obtain changes in the observed indicators within the final geometric model. These observed indicators include changes in depression depth, ground fissures, the overall collapse depth of the model, and the characteristics of model stress. For example, by adjusting indicators such as the excavation advance distance, excavation size, and excavation advance speed of the blocks located at the coal and rock strata in the final geometric model, the coal mining process is simulated; during the simulated coal mining process, changes in the observed indicators within the geometric model are obtained.

[0097] Numerical simulation was used to invert the fracture patterns of the ore body during tunneling in coal mining. Specifically, the UDEC model generated by the code was used for excavation, and the excavation advance distance of the coal seam was adjusted, along with the excavation parameters in the command code, for correction. During the inversion of coal mining, data of different strengths were embedded into the UDEC model via Fishfunction. The fracture patterns of the ore body were measured using these different strengths of data, including the settlement displacement, direction of settlement velocity, stress, and plastic failure zone of the ore body. The fracture patterns of the ore body included changes in model depression depth, ground fissures, overall model collapse depth, and model stress. In one embodiment of this application, the changes in the observed index are determined by the following method: A UDEC fracture basic model is generated; the block numbers, boundary composition of each block, and the order and coordinates of nodes on the boundaries are updated; UDEC commands for the blocks and the contact surfaces between these blocks are generated; the fracture basic model command file is meshed and edited; constitutive parameters of the blocks and contact surfaces are assigned values, boundary conditions are set, and calculation control operations are performed to generate a fracture calculation model and corresponding UDEC commands for calculating and determining the range of disturbance to the coal mining subsidence soil. See the specific model below. Figure 2 The mesh is generated based on the thickness of each rock layer, the angle of the joints, the longitudinal spacing, and the lateral distance. To update the block number, simply change the joint angle, longitudinal spacing, or lateral distance; the software will automatically update the block number based on the change in the size of each block. The parameters in Tables 1 and 2 are compiled into the aforementioned UDEC code command stream to assign values ​​to the constitutive properties and parameters of the blocks and contact surfaces. Based on the size of the established model, the left and right side boundaries and the bottom boundary of the model are fixed to prevent movement. The software automatically presents the results after the program finishes running. The model collapses, moves, and deforms, and fractures occur between the rock masses. The changes in crack formation, settlement, and stress are interpreted based on the phenomena observed in the results and the different colors corresponding to different data.

[0098] The formula for surface settlement is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Where: S is the maximum settlement of the ground surface; Q is the volume change (volume instability or cavity volume) caused by underground mining; E is the elastic modulus of the soil; H is the thickness of the soil layer; R is the radius of influence, usually an estimate of the pit opening diameter or the range of the affected area; and r is the distance from the settlement calculation point to the center of the pit opening.

[0101] The formula for cracks is as follows:

[0102] D=(L S +L t ) / L C ×100%

[0103] Where: D is the number of cracks; L S It is the total length of the shear fracture; L t It is the total length of the tensile crack; L C It is the total contact length.

[0104] The results of the inversion of ore body fractures are as follows Figures 3 to 5 As shown, Figure 3 The black area on the right side of the image represents ground fissures, showing the progression from fewer fissures to more fissures. Figure 3 b, at this point, almost no cracks are formed. Figure 3 d, Delamination cracks appear. Figure 3 fhj, cracks are clearly developed. Figure 4 a. Stress concentration occurs at both ends of the goaf, while the direct top stress above the goaf is relatively small. Figure 4 b. Stress redistribution occurs, resulting in stress concentration zones on both sides of the goaf coal face. Figure 4 The stress disturbance pattern of the overlying strata in the goaf is similar as the working face continues to advance. Figure 5 a) The direct collapse caused a small displacement. Figure 5 b, directly causing a complete collapse. Figure 5 c The rock mass exhibits significant vertical displacement, indicating that it is in a stage of intense deformation.

[0105] This application uses the UDEC numerical calculation model to invert orebody fractures. UDEC is used to simulate the response of discontinuous media, such as joints and fissures in rock masses, under static or dynamic loads. From the perspective of discretization, rock masses are essentially jointed media. After coal seam mining, the overlying rock is fractured, fractured, and delaminated, which can be treated as discrete bodies. Moreover, there are force connections between blocks. The generated UDEC basic fracture model can be used to calculate the disturbance range of coal mining subsidence soil. The disturbance range of coal mining subsidence soil can be identified by the microseismic activity of orebody fractures during mining. This makes discrete element method widely used in mine rock mechanics and mine pressure research, and it is particularly suitable for simulating coal seam mining subsidence problems.

[0106] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application obtains the first mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata, constructs a corresponding geometric model of the target coal and rock strata, and obtains the second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata through Brazilian disc test block experiments. The first mechanical parameters are then calibrated using the second mechanical parameters to obtain the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata, thus improving the accuracy of the model simulation. Finally, by simulating the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata, the changes in the observed indicators are obtained, and then, through simulation of coal and rock strata tunneling, the range of soil disturbance caused by coal mining is identified.

[0107] In one embodiment, step S101 above can be implemented as step A1 as follows:

[0108] In step A1, the mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata are obtained by conducting on-site drilling measurements.

[0109] In one embodiment, step A1 above can be implemented as steps A11-A12:

[0110] In step A11, on-site drilling is performed on the target coal and rock strata;

[0111] In step A12, during the on-site drilling process, at least one of the following mechanical parameters is received via sensors:

[0112] The density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, cohesion, tensile strength, internal friction angle, normal stiffness, tangential stiffness, bond strength, friction angle, and tensile strength of coal and rock strata blocks.

[0113] In one embodiment, step S102 above can be implemented as steps B1-B6 as follows:

[0114] In step B1, the size range of the model is determined;

[0115] In step B2, a geometric model block corresponding to the size range is generated;

[0116] In step B3, the geometric model block is jointed once to generate a first preset number of first-level sub-blocks;

[0117] In step B4, the mechanical parameters obtained from the borehole measurements are assigned to the contact surfaces between each primary sub-block and the primary sub-block.

[0118] In step B5, each primary sub-block is subjected to secondary jointing to further divide each primary sub-block into smaller secondary sub-blocks;

[0119] In step B6, each secondary sub-block and the contact surface between the secondary sub-blocks are assigned a corresponding first mechanical parameter.

[0120] In one embodiment, prior to step S103 above, the method further includes the following step C1:

[0121] In step C1, the gravitational acceleration of the target coal and rock strata is set.

[0122] In one embodiment, step C1 above can also be implemented as the following steps:

[0123] Set the gravitational acceleration at the bottom of the model (vertical direction) and the horizontal acceleration at both sides to 0.

[0124] In one embodiment, step S105 above can be implemented as steps D1-D2 as follows:

[0125] In step D1, the excavation advance distance of the blocks where the coal and rock strata are located in the final geometric model is adjusted to simulate the coal mining process;

[0126] In step D2, during the simulated coal mining process, the changes in the observed indicators in the geometric model are obtained.

[0127] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a coal and rock strata tunneling simulation device according to one embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, it includes:

[0128] The first acquisition module 601 is used to acquire the first mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata;

[0129] Construction module 602 is used to construct an initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock strata based on the first mechanical parameters;

[0130] The second acquisition module 603 is used to acquire the second mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata through the Brazilian disc test block experiment;

[0131] The calibration module 604 is used to calibrate the first mechanical parameters of the first-level sub-block, the contact surface of the first-level sub-block, the second-level sub-block, and the contact surface between the second-level sub-blocks in the initial geometric model through the second mechanical parameters, so as to obtain the final geometric model corresponding to the target coal and rock layer.

[0132] The simulation module 605 is used to perform tunneling simulation on the final geometric model to obtain the changes of the observed indicators in the final geometric model, wherein the observed indicators include the changes in depression depth, ground fissures, the overall collapse depth of the model, and the characteristics of model stress.

[0133] In one embodiment, the first acquisition module is further configured to:

[0134] The mechanical parameters of the target coal and rock strata are obtained by conducting on-site drilling and measurement.

[0135] In one embodiment, the first acquisition module includes:

[0136] The drilling submodule is used for on-site drilling of target coal and rock strata;

[0137] The receiving submodule is used to receive at least one of the following mechanical parameters via sensors during the on-site drilling process:

[0138] The density, bulk modulus, shear modulus, cohesion, tensile strength, internal friction angle, normal stiffness, tangential stiffness, bond strength, friction angle, and tensile strength of coal and rock strata blocks.

[0139] In one embodiment, the building module includes:

[0140] The determination submodule is used to determine the size range of the model;

[0141] A generation submodule is used to generate geometric model blocks corresponding to the size range;

[0142] The first section, the processing module, is used to process the geometric model block once to generate a first preset number of first-level sub-blocks;

[0143] The first assignment submodule is used to assign the mechanical parameters obtained from drilling measurements to each first-level sub-block and the contact surface between the first-level sub-blocks;

[0144] The second section, the sub-module, is used to perform secondary jointing on each first-level sub-block, so as to further divide each first-level sub-block into smaller second-level sub-blocks.

[0145] The second assignment submodule is used to assign corresponding first mechanical parameters to each secondary sub-block and the contact surface between the secondary sub-blocks.

[0146] In one embodiment, the apparatus further includes:

[0147] The settings module is used to set the gravitational acceleration of the target coal and rock strata.

[0148] In one embodiment, the setting module is further configured to:

[0149] Set the gravitational acceleration at the bottom of the model (vertical direction) and the horizontal acceleration at both sides to 0.

[0150] In one embodiment, the simulation module includes:

[0151] The adjustment submodule is used to simulate the coal mining process by adjusting the excavation advance distance of the blocks where the coal and rock strata are located in the final geometric model;

[0152] The simulation submodule is used to obtain the changes of the observed indicators in the geometric model during the simulated coal mining process.

[0153] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system according to one embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system includes:

[0154] At least one processor 720; and,

[0155] A memory 704 is communicatively connected to the at least one processor 720; wherein,

[0156] The memory 704 stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor 720 to implement the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0157] Reference Figure 7 The coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system 700 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 702, memory 704, power supply component 706, multimedia component 708, audio component 710, input / output (I / O) interface 712, sensor component 714, and communication component 716.

[0158] Processing component 702 typically controls the overall operation of the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700. Processing component 702 may include one or more processors 720 to execute instructions to complete all or part of the steps of the method described above. Furthermore, processing component 702 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between processing component 702 and other components. For example, processing component 702 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between multimedia component 708 and processing component 702.

[0159] Memory 704 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700. Examples of this data include instructions for any application or method operating on the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700, such as text, images, videos, etc. Memory 704 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0160] Power supply component 706 provides power to various components of the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system 700. Power supply component 706 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to the onboard control system 700.

[0161] The multimedia component 708 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touchscreen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensors may sense not only the boundaries of touch or swipe actions but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe operation. In some embodiments, the multimedia component 708 may also include a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera. When the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front-facing camera and / or the rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front-facing camera and rear-facing camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.

[0162] Audio component 710 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, audio component 710 includes a microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700 is in an operating mode, such as alarm mode, recording mode, voice recognition mode, and voice output mode. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 704 or transmitted via communication component 716. In some embodiments, audio component 710 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0163] I / O interface 712 provides an interface between processing component 702 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, home buttons, volume buttons, power buttons, and lock buttons.

[0164] Sensor assembly 714 includes one or more sensors for providing status assessments of various aspects of the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700. For example, sensor assembly 714 may include a sound sensor. Additionally, sensor assembly 714 can detect the on / off state of the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700, the relative positioning of components (e.g., the display and keypad of the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700), the operating status of the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700 or one of its components, the orientation or acceleration / deceleration of the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700, and temperature changes of the coal seam tunneling simulation system 700. Sensor assembly 714 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 714 may also include an optical sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, sensor assembly 714 may also include an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a pressure sensor, a material buildup thickness sensor, or a temperature sensor.

[0165] Communication component 716 is configured to enable the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system 700 to provide wired or wireless communication capabilities with other devices and a cloud platform. The coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system 700 can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as WiFi, 2G, or 3G, or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 716 receives broadcast signals or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 716 also includes a near-field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

[0166] In an exemplary embodiment, the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system 700 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0167] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which, when the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor corresponding to the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system, enables the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation system to implement the coal and rock strata tunneling simulation method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0168] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0169] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0170] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0171] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0172] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method of simulating the excavation of a coal seam, characterised by, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining first mechanical parameters of a target coal rock stratum; constructing an initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal rock stratum according to the first mechanical parameters; obtaining second mechanical parameters of the target coal rock stratum through a Brazilian disc test block experiment; calibrating first mechanical parameters of a primary sub-block, a contact surface between primary sub-blocks, a secondary sub-block and a contact surface between secondary sub-blocks in the initial geometric model according to the second mechanical parameters to obtain a final geometric model corresponding to the target coal rock stratum; performing a tunneling simulation on the final geometric model to obtain changes of an observation index in the final geometric model, wherein the observation index comprises a concave depth, a ground fissure change, a whole model collapse depth and a model stress feature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method for obtaining the first mechanical parameters of the target coal rock stratum comprises the following steps: obtaining the mechanical parameters of the target coal rock stratum through on-site drilling measurement.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The method for obtaining the mechanical parameters of the target coal rock stratum through on-site drilling measurement comprises the following steps: drilling a hole on site in the target coal rock stratum; receiving at least one of the following mechanical parameters through a sensor during the on-site drilling process: a density of a coal rock stratum block, a bulk modulus of the coal rock stratum block, a shear modulus of the coal rock stratum block, a cohesion of the coal rock stratum block, a tensile strength of the coal rock stratum block, an internal friction angle of the coal rock stratum block, a normal stiffness between the coal rock stratum blocks, a tangential stiffness between the coal rock stratum blocks, a bonding force between the coal rock stratum blocks, a friction angle between the coal rock stratum blocks and a tensile strength between the coal rock stratum blocks.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method for constructing the initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal rock stratum according to the first mechanical parameters comprises the following steps: determining a size range of the model; generating a geometric model block corresponding to the size range; performing a primary joint on the geometric model block to generate a first preset number of primary sub-blocks; assigning the mechanical parameters obtained through the on-site drilling measurement to each primary sub-block and a contact surface between the primary sub-blocks; performing a secondary joint on each primary sub-block to further divide each primary sub-block into smaller secondary sub-blocks; assigning corresponding first mechanical parameters to each secondary sub-block and a contact surface between the secondary sub-blocks.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Before the method for obtaining the second mechanical parameters of the target coal rock stratum through the Brazilian disc test block experiment, the method further comprises the following steps: setting a gravitational acceleration of the target coal rock stratum.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The method for setting the gravitational acceleration of the target coal rock stratum comprises the following steps: respectively setting the gravitational acceleration velocities of the vertical direction of the bottom of the model and the horizontal directions of the two sides to 0.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method for performing the tunneling simulation on the final geometric model to obtain changes of the observation index in the final geometric model comprises the following steps: adjusting an excavation advancing distance of a block at a position of the coal rock stratum in the final geometric model to simulate a coal mining process; obtaining changes of the observation index in the geometric model in the simulation of the coal mining process.

8. A coal and rock strata tunneling simulation device, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: a first obtaining module for obtaining first mechanical parameters of a target coal rock stratum; a constructing module for constructing an initial geometric model corresponding to the target coal rock stratum according to the first mechanical parameters; a second obtaining module for obtaining second mechanical parameters of the target coal rock stratum through a Brazilian disc test block experiment; A calibration module is configured to calibrate first mechanical parameters of a primary sub-block, a primary sub-block contact surface, a secondary sub-block, and a contact surface between secondary sub-blocks in the initial geometric model by using the second mechanical parameters, so as to obtain a final geometric model corresponding to the target coal rock stratum. An simulation module is configured to perform tunneling simulation on the final geometric model, so as to obtain a change of an observation index in the final geometric model, wherein the observation index includes a concave depth, a ground fissure change, a whole model collapse depth, and a model stress feature.

9. A coal seam excavation simulation system, characterized by, Comprise: at least one processor; and, a memory connected to the at least one processor in communication; wherein, the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to implement the coal rock stratum tunneling simulation method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, When the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor corresponding to the coal rock stratum tunneling simulation system, the coal rock stratum tunneling simulation system can implement the coal rock stratum tunneling simulation method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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