Solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness combined monitoring system

Abstract

The application discloses a solar cell panel vibration and sand dust aerosol optical thickness combined monitoring system and relates to the field of photovoltaic system monitoring.The system comprises a vibration monitoring module, an optical monitoring module and a data processing module.The vibration monitoring module is used for collecting vibration acceleration signals in three directions (horizontal, vertical and longitudinal) of the photovoltaic panel and converting the collected acceleration signals into power spectrum densities.The optical monitoring module is used for measuring wavelengths and light intensities and calculating sand dust aerosol optical thickness.The data processing module is used for aligning data time stamps carried by the power spectrum densities with data time stamps carried by the sand dust aerosol optical thickness and synthesizing three-axis vibration total energy based on the calculated power spectrum densities.The early warning module is used for early warning evaluation based on the sand dust aerosol optical thickness and the three-axis vibration total energy.The application supports dynamic coupling analysis of wind, vibration and dust accumulation, identifies photovoltaic panel resonance frequencies through discrete Fourier transform spectrum analysis, combines sand dust concentration to predict dust accumulation shielding risks and performs risk evaluation, so as to trigger maintenance early warning.

Description

Joint monitoring system for solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic system monitoring, and in particular to a combined monitoring system for solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic panels, due to their lightweight structure and support frame, are susceptible to wind load damage. While commercially available wind load values ​​for individual photovoltaic panels with tilt angles up to 55° are provided, these specifications for photovoltaic arrays are simplistic and insufficient to meet demand. Although the shape coefficient of individual photovoltaic panels is relatively well-studied, the wind load values ​​for panels at different locations within a photovoltaic array vary significantly due to interference effects. Furthermore, the numerous influencing parameters and complex interference effects mean that current research is still incomplete.

[0003] Numerous studies have shown that dust accumulation has a significant impact on the power generation performance of photovoltaic systems. The light transmittance of different materials decreases with increasing dust density, while the decrease in light transmittance of the same material decreases with increasing tilt angle. Dust accumulation can cause shading of photovoltaic modules, and the reduction in power generation efficiency varies with different dust densities. Increased sand particle deposition density can also reduce module output power, surface temperature, and light transmittance. Both model calculations and experiments have shown that dust accumulation degrades the performance of photovoltaic modules.

[0004] However, there is currently a lack of effective means to measure the vibration caused by wind load on photovoltaic arrays and the surrounding dust in real time. Therefore, it is necessary to design a comprehensive device that can simultaneously monitor the vibration and the optical thickness of dust. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0006] Therefore, the problem that this invention aims to solve is that existing methods have simple wind load specifications for photovoltaic arrays, which are difficult to meet the requirements.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a joint monitoring system for solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness, comprising: a vibration monitoring module that collects vibration acceleration signals from the photovoltaic panel in three directions (horizontal, longitudinal, and vertical) and converts the collected acceleration signals into power spectral density; an optical monitoring module that measures wavelength and light intensity and calculates the dust aerosol optical thickness; a data processing module that aligns the data timestamps carried by the power spectral density with those carried by the dust aerosol optical thickness and synthesizes the triaxial vibration total energy based on the power spectral densities from the three acquisition directions; and an early warning module that performs an early warning assessment based on the dust aerosol optical thickness and the triaxial vibration total energy.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: the conversion of the acquired acceleration signal into power spectral density includes performing mean-reduction processing on the acquired acceleration signal to remove the DC offset component; the mean-reduction processing is expressed by the formula:

[0009] ,in, ,

[0010] in, The collected acceleration signal, , It is horizontal. Vertically, Vertical direction; For a specific moment; This is the acceleration signal after removing the mean; The mean of the signal; This represents the number of sampling points; For indexing; The sampling interval; For the first The acceleration signal is sampled at intervals; the acceleration signal is segmented, the segment length meets the frequency resolution requirements, and an overlapping segmentation method is used. The formula for calculating the frequency resolution of the segmentation is as follows:

[0011] ,

[0012] in, For frequency resolution, Sampling rate, This represents the segment length.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system described in this invention, the step of converting the acquired acceleration signal into power spectral density further includes performing a discrete Fourier transform on the segmented signal to convert the time-domain signal into a frequency-domain representation, as expressed by the formula:

[0014] ,

[0015] in, For frequency points, ; Frequency domain representation of frequency points; For window functions; The acceleration signal at the kth sampling interval after removing the mean. ; It is the imaginary unit.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system described in this invention, the conversion of the acquired acceleration signal into power spectral density further includes converting the discrete Fourier transform result into a one-sided power spectral density that retains the positive frequency component, expressed by the formula:

[0017] ,

[0018] in, For the first One-sided power spectral density at directional frequency points; The sampling frequency; The power compensation coefficient is the window function.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system of the present invention, wherein: the calculation of dust aerosol optical thickness includes, the optical thickness being determined by the extinction coefficient of the dust... The sum and path integral determine this, and the formula is expressed as:

[0020] ,

[0021] in, Vertical direction Place Extinction coefficient at wavelength, For wavelength, The thickness of the dust layer; the extinction coefficient is composed of the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient, expressed by the formula:

[0022] ,

[0023] in, for Extinction coefficient at wavelength; for Scattering coefficient at wavelength; for Absorption coefficient at wavelength.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system of the present invention, the calculation of dust aerosol optical thickness further includes correcting for atmospheric effects when measuring optical thickness using direct sunlight, expressed by the following formula:

[0025] ,

[0026] in, The optical thickness after atmospheric correction; The total optical thickness obtained from observations of direct sunlight; For Rayleigh scattering optical thickness; The optical thickness is for water vapor absorption.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system of the present invention, the synthesized triaxial vibration total energy includes the fusion of the average power spectral density of one side in the horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal directions to obtain the triaxial vibration total energy, expressed by the formula:

[0028] ,

[0029] in, This represents the total energy of triaxial vibration. This represents the average power spectral density at the transverse frequency point. This represents the average power spectral density of a single side at the longitudinal frequency points; This represents the average power spectral density of a single side at the frequency points in the vertical direction.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system of the present invention, the early warning assessment includes: setting a dust optical thickness threshold based on historical data; simultaneously setting a vibration energy threshold based on site calibration; when the dust aerosol optical thickness is greater than or equal to the dust optical thickness threshold, it is determined to be high dust, and when it is lower than the dust optical thickness threshold, it is determined to be low dust; when the total energy of triaxial vibration is greater than or equal to the vibration energy threshold, it is determined to be high vibration, and when it is lower than the vibration energy threshold, it is determined to be low vibration; and early warning is given based on the combination of dust and vibration determination types, and corresponding measures are implemented.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention achieves second-level synchronous acquisition of vibration energy and sand and dust optical thickness, supports dynamic coupling analysis of wind force-vibration-dust accumulation, thereby achieving the effect of multi-parameter synchronous detection.

[0032] The resonant frequency of the photovoltaic panel is identified by discrete Fourier transform spectrum analysis, and the risk assessment is carried out by combining the dust concentration prediction of dust accumulation and shading risk, thereby triggering maintenance early warning. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0037] Example 1, referring to Figure 1, is the first embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment provides a joint monitoring system for solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness, including:

[0038] The vibration monitoring module collects vibration acceleration signals from the photovoltaic panel in three directions: horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal. The collected acceleration signals are then converted into power spectral density.

[0039] The wavelength and light intensity are measured using an optical monitoring module, and the optical thickness of the dust aerosol is calculated.

[0040] The data processing module aligns the data timestamps carried by the power spectral density with those carried by the optical thickness of the dust aerosol, and synthesizes the total triaxial vibration energy based on the power spectral density from the three acquisition directions.

[0041] The early warning module performs early warning assessment based on the optical thickness of dust aerosols and the total energy of triaxial vibration.

[0042] Specifically, converting the acquired acceleration signal into power spectral density includes averaging the acquired acceleration signal and removing the DC offset component.

[0043] The formula used for mean removal is expressed as follows:

[0044] ,in, ,

[0045] in, The collected acceleration signal, , It is horizontal. Vertically, Vertical direction; For a specific moment; This is the acceleration signal after removing the mean; The mean of the signal; This represents the number of sampling points; For indexing; The sampling interval; For the first Acceleration signals at sampling intervals.

[0046] The acceleration signal is segmented, with segment lengths meeting frequency resolution requirements, and an overlapping segmentation method is used. The formula for calculating the frequency resolution of the segmented processing is as follows:

[0047] ,

[0048] in, For frequency resolution, Sampling rate, This represents the segment length.

[0049] Furthermore, converting the acquired acceleration signal into power spectral density also includes performing a discrete Fourier transform on the segmented signal to convert the time-domain signal into a frequency-domain representation, as expressed by the formula:

[0050] ,

[0051] in, For frequency points, ; for Frequency domain representation of frequency points; For window functions; The first one after removing the mean Acceleration signal with sampling intervals, ; It is the imaginary unit.

[0052] In this embodiment, the Hanning window is used as the window function to reduce spectral leakage, and the formula is as follows:

[0053] ,

[0054] in, This is a discrete-time index.

[0055] Converting the acquired acceleration signal into power spectral density also includes converting the discrete Fourier transform result into a one-sided power spectral density that retains the positive frequency component, expressed by the formula:

[0056] ,

[0057] in, For the first One-sided power spectral density at directional frequency points; The sampling frequency; The power compensation coefficient for the window function (Hanning window is...) Factor 2 is used to retain total power.

[0058] Furthermore, the calculation of the optical thickness of dust aerosols includes the optical thickness being determined by the extinction coefficient of the dust. The sum and path integral determine this, and the formula is expressed as:

[0059] ,

[0060] in, Vertical direction Place Extinction coefficient at wavelength, For wavelength, This refers to the thickness of the sand and dust layer.

[0061] The extinction coefficient is composed of the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient, and is expressed by the formula:

[0062] ,

[0063] in, for Extinction coefficient at wavelength; for Scattering coefficient at wavelength; for Absorption coefficient at wavelength.

[0064] It should be noted that the scattering coefficient represents the portion of light intensity loss per unit length due to particle scattering, which can be obtained by measuring the forward / backward scattering intensity of the atmosphere and inverting the scattering term using scattering theory; the absorption coefficient represents the portion of light intensity loss per unit length due to dust particle absorption, which can be directly estimated using an absorption spectrophotometer.

[0065] Calculating the optical thickness of dust aerosols also includes correcting for atmospheric effects when measuring optical thickness using direct sunlight, expressed by the following formula:

[0066] ,

[0067] in, The optical thickness after atmospheric correction; The total optical thickness obtained from observations of direct sunlight; For Rayleigh scattering optical thickness; The optical thickness is for water vapor absorption.

[0068] It should be noted that Rayleigh scattering is the elastic scattering of short-wavelength light by air molecules, and its optical thickness is strongly inversely proportional to the wavelength. It can be obtained by referring to the Rayleigh scattering table and looking up the information by wavelength and station air pressure. The optical thickness of water vapor absorption includes the fact that water vapor and ozone will selectively absorb solar radiation at specific wavelengths (such as 670nm and 940nm). When performing dust inversion, this part of the absorption effect needs to be subtracted from the total optical thickness.

[0069] The total energy of the synthesized triaxial vibration is obtained by fusing the average power spectral densities of the three directions (lateral, longitudinal, and vertical), as expressed by the formula:

[0070] ,

[0071] in, This represents the total energy of triaxial vibration. This represents the average power spectral density at the transverse frequency point. This represents the average power spectral density of a single side at the longitudinal frequency points; This represents the average power spectral density of a single side at the frequency points in the vertical direction.

[0072] In the early warning module, the early warning assessment includes setting a threshold for the optical thickness of dust based on historical data; and setting a threshold for vibration energy based on the site calibration.

[0073] When the optical thickness of dust aerosol is greater than or equal to the dust optical thickness threshold, it is judged as high dust; when it is lower than the dust optical thickness threshold, it is judged as low dust.

[0074] When the total energy of triaxial vibration is greater than or equal to the vibration energy threshold, it is judged as high vibration; when it is lower than the vibration energy threshold, it is judged as low vibration.

[0075] Early warnings are issued and corresponding measures are implemented based on the combination of sandstorm and vibration types.

[0076] It should be noted that the dust optical thickness threshold (e.g., AOD>0.4) and the synthetic vibration energy threshold (based on the site calibration) are set for classification; the threshold can be adaptively set based on the environmental characteristics of different areas; all early warning information is archived in the data processing module for long-term operation status assessment, trend learning and cleaning strategy optimization.

[0077] The specific measures for issuing early warnings and implementing corresponding measures based on the combination of sandstorm and vibration types include:

[0078] ① High dust levels + low vibration → Warning of dust accumulation risk:

[0079] Identification logic: The concentration of dust in the environment is high, but the vibration energy of the plate is low, indicating that dust may be deposited on the plate surface over a large area and lacks self-cleaning disturbance.

[0080] Warning level: Medium priority (yellow warning).

[0081] Handling measures: Issue a "dust accumulation risk warning" to maintenance personnel.

[0082] It is recommended that the operations and maintenance team conduct a visual inspection or remote sensing confirmation within 24 hours.

[0083] Record the time period and corresponding optical thickness for cumulative pollution intensity modeling.

[0084] ② High dust levels + high vibration levels → High risk warning for dust disturbance:

[0085] Identification logic: Strong winds / disturbances exist, accompanied by high concentrations of dust, which may lead to short-term high-intensity sand particle impacts and highly polluted sedimentation.

[0086] Warning level: High priority (orange warning).

[0087] Handling measures: Issue a "sandstorm warning" to on-duty personnel.

[0088] It is recommended to temporarily reduce the operating frequency of cleaning equipment to avoid secondary dust generation.

[0089] The event was labeled as a "sandstorm outbreak record" for subsequent modeling and protection assessment.

[0090] ③ Low dust levels + low vibration → Environmental stability risk warning:

[0091] Identification logic: Although the current environment is good and the vibration is weak, if the duration is too long, the photovoltaic surface may develop hidden pollution due to static electricity or the accumulation of fine particles.

[0092] Warning level: Low priority (blue alert).

[0093] Handling measures: The system records the current environmental status as "static and stable with potential for dust accumulation".

[0094] It is recommended to periodically use the surface grayscale image acquisition module (if applicable) to perform status checks.

[0095] If the continuous static and stable state continues for more than the threshold time (e.g., 72 hours), it will be upgraded to a yellow warning.

[0096] ④ Low dust levels + high vibrations → Wind-induced structural risk warning:

[0097] Identification logic: There is less dust, but the vibration is abnormally enhanced, which may indicate mechanical problems such as loose structure or local damage to the array.

[0098] Warning level: Emergency priority (red warning).

[0099] Handling measures: Issue a "structural abnormal vibration alarm".

[0100] Send a suggestion to the maintenance team: Focus on checking potentially loose points such as bracket connections, pivots, and mounting bolts.

[0101] Record high-energy frequency band information for structural resonance analysis and fatigue accumulation modeling.

[0102] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined monitoring system for solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness, characterized in that: This includes: acquiring vibration acceleration signals from the photovoltaic panel in three directions (horizontal, longitudinal, and vertical) via a vibration monitoring module, converting the acquired acceleration signals into power spectral density; measuring wavelength and light intensity via an optical monitoring module, and calculating the optical thickness of the dust aerosol; aligning the data timestamps carried by the power spectral density with those carried by the dust aerosol optical thickness via a data processing module, and synthesizing the total triaxial vibration energy based on the power spectral densities from the three acquisition directions. The early warning module performs early warning assessment based on the optical thickness of sand and dust aerosols and the total energy of triaxial vibration; the conversion of the collected acceleration signal into power spectral density includes performing mean-reduction processing on the collected acceleration signal to remove the DC offset component; the formula used for mean-reduction processing is expressed as: ,in, ,in, The collected acceleration signal, ， It is horizontal. Vertically, Vertical direction; For a specific moment; This is the acceleration signal after removing the mean; The mean of the signal; This represents the number of sampling points; For indexing; The sampling interval; For the first The acceleration signal is sampled at intervals; the acceleration signal is segmented, the segment length meets the frequency resolution requirements, and an overlapping segmentation method is used. The formula for calculating the frequency resolution of the segmentation is as follows: ,in, For frequency resolution, Sampling rate, The segment length; the total energy of the synthesized triaxial vibration includes the fusion of the average power spectral density of one side in the transverse, longitudinal, and vertical directions to obtain the total energy of the triaxial vibration, expressed by the formula, is as follows: ,in, This represents the total energy of triaxial vibration. This represents the average power spectral density at the transverse frequency point. This represents the average power spectral density of a single side at the longitudinal frequency points; This represents the average power spectral density of a single side at the frequency points in the vertical direction.

2. The solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of converting the acquired acceleration signal into power spectral density further includes performing a discrete Fourier transform on the segmented signal to convert the time-domain signal into a frequency-domain representation, as expressed by the formula: ,in, For frequency points, ； for Frequency domain representation of frequency points; For window functions; The first one after removing the mean Acceleration signal at each sampling interval, ； It is the imaginary unit.

3. The solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The process of converting the acquired acceleration signal into power spectral density also includes converting the discrete Fourier transform result into a one-sided power spectral density that retains the positive frequency component, expressed by the formula: ,in, For the first One-sided power spectral density at directional frequency points; The sampling frequency; The power compensation coefficient is the window function.

4. The solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The calculation of the optical thickness of dust aerosols includes the optical thickness being determined by the extinction coefficient of the dust. The sum and path integral determine this, and the formula is expressed as: ,in, Vertical direction Place Extinction coefficient at wavelength For wavelength, The thickness of the dust layer; the extinction coefficient is composed of the scattering coefficient and the absorption coefficient, expressed by the formula: ,in, for Extinction coefficient at wavelength; for Scattering coefficient at wavelength; for Absorption coefficient at wavelength.

5. The solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation of the optical thickness of dust aerosols also includes correcting for atmospheric effects when measuring optical thickness using direct sunlight, as expressed by the formula: ,in, The optical thickness after atmospheric correction; The total optical thickness obtained from observations of direct sunlight; For Rayleigh scattering optical thickness; The optical thickness is for water vapor absorption.

6. The solar panel vibration and dust aerosol optical thickness joint monitoring system as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The early warning assessment includes setting a dust optical thickness threshold based on historical data; simultaneously setting a vibration energy threshold based on station calibration; when the dust aerosol optical thickness is greater than or equal to the dust optical thickness threshold, it is determined to be high dust, and when it is lower than the dust optical thickness threshold, it is determined to be low dust; when the total energy of triaxial vibration is greater than or equal to the vibration energy threshold, it is determined to be high vibration, and when it is lower than the vibration energy threshold, it is determined to be low vibration; and early warning is issued and corresponding measures are implemented based on the combination of dust and vibration determination types.

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