A-IoT communication method and device, chip, chip module and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an environment Internet of Things (Ambient Internet of Things, Ambient IoT or A-IoT) communication method and device, a chip, a chip module and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining first information related to a first reader-writer, and enabling the first information to indicate whether the first reader-writer has the authority of executing a first A-IoT service or not; and in response to the first information indicating that the first reader-writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, sending first A-IoT information indicating that the first reader-writer executes the first A-IoT service. In this way, successful execution of the A-IoT service is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an A-IoT communication method, device, chip, chip module and medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the Ambient Internet of Things (AmbientIoT or A-IoT) has emerged. Ambient IoT includes A-IoT devices and readers. A-IoT devices primarily use energy derived from the environment, which can include radio waves, solar energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, pressure energy, or any other form of energy. Signal transmission is possible between A-IoT devices and readers.

[0003] When the network instructs the reader to perform an A-IoT service, the reader may be unable to perform the A-IoT service, which will cause the A-IoT service to fail. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application discloses an A-IoT communication method, device, chip, chip module, and medium. By obtaining first information associated with a first reader / writer and then determining through the first information that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute a first A-IoT service, the first reader / writer is instructed to execute the first A-IoT service. This facilitates the successful execution of the A-IoT service.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an A-IoT communication method, the method comprising: obtaining first information associated with a first reader / writer, the first information indicating whether the first reader / writer has permission to execute a first A-IoT service; and in response to the first information indicating that the first reader / writer has permission to execute the first A-IoT service, sending first A-IoT information, the first A-IoT information instructing the first reader / writer to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0006] In this technical solution, by obtaining the first information associated with the first reader and determining through the first information that the first reader has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the first reader is instructed to execute the first A-IoT service. On the one hand, this facilitates the successful execution of the first A-IoT service. On the other hand, if the first reader does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, unnecessary first A-IoT information can be avoided, thus preventing resource waste.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the first reader / writer having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer agrees to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service; the first reader / writer not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer does not agree to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the first information includes identification information associated with the first information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the first information further indicates one or more of the following: the first A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, write service; a first service type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the first service type; a second service type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the second service type; a first device type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the first device type; and a second device type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the second device type.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the specific method for obtaining the first information associated with the first reader / writer can be: receiving the first information associated with the first reader / writer.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the first information comes from a first reader / writer, an access network device, or a core network device.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: sending request information, the request information including identification information, the request information being used to request first information associated with the identification information, the identification information being used to indicate one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: storing first information.

[0014] In this technical solution, by saving the first information, it can be quickly retrieved from its own memory when needed later.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving first indication information, the first indication information indicating a first information update.

[0016] In this technical solution, the first indication information can be used to promptly determine whether the first information has changed.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the method further includes sending a subscription request for subscribing to updates of the first information.

[0018] In this technical solution, by sending a subscription request, it is possible to know more promptly whether the first information has been updated.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: in response to an updated first message indicating that the first reader does not have permission to execute the first A-IoT service, sending a second A-IoT message, the second A-IoT message instructing the first reader to stop executing the first A-IoT service.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information includes the updated first information.

[0021] In this technical solution, the updated first information can be quickly obtained through the first instruction information.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information comes from the first reader / writer, the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer, the core network equipment, or the access network equipment.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: in response to a first information indication that the first reader does not have permission to perform the first A-IoT service or the first information acquisition fails, not sending the first A-IoT information.

[0024] This technical solution avoids sending unnecessary first A-IoT information, thus preventing resource waste. Because if the first reader / writer lacks the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, even if it sends the first A-IoT information, it will not execute the first A-IoT service. This prevents the successful execution of the first A-IoT service and results in the sending of unnecessary first A-IoT information.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: in response to a first message indicating that the first reader / writer has the authority to perform a first A-IoT service, sending a second instruction message, the second instruction message indicating an increase in billing for the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer; and / or, in response to a first message indicating that the first reader / writer does not have the authority to perform the first A-IoT service, sending a third instruction message, the third instruction message indicating a reduction in billing for the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer.

[0026] This technical solution allows more users to agree to the participation of their associated readers in executing A-IoT services. In other words, more readers can participate in executing A-IoT services, which helps to increase the capacity of the A-IoT system.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the specific method for obtaining the first information associated with the first reader / writer can be: in response to a configuration or policy instruction from a third party, obtaining authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer, and obtaining the first information associated with the first reader / writer, wherein the third party includes the region to which the first reader / writer belongs or the operator to which the first reader / writer belongs.

[0028] This technical solution is beneficial for protecting user information. For example, when the first reader / writer is installed within the UE, performing A-IoT services through the first reader / writer means performing A-IoT services through the UE. During the process of performing A-IoT services through the UE, it may involve reading A-IoT data or writing A-IoT data to A-IoT devices, which poses a risk of leaking user information within the UE. Obtaining the first information associated with the first reader / writer only when third-party configuration or policies require authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer helps protect user information.

[0029] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide another A-IoT communication method for environmental Internet of Things (IoT), the method comprising: sending first information associated with a first reader / writer, the first information indicating whether the first reader / writer has permission to execute a first A-IoT service; in response to the first reader / writer having permission to execute the first A-IoT service, receiving first A-IoT information, the first A-IoT information instructing the first reader / writer to execute the first A-IoT service; and executing the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0030] In this technical solution, by reporting the first information associated with the first reader / writer, the first reader / writer is instructed to execute the first A-IoT service only when it has the authority to do so. On the one hand, this facilitates the successful execution of the first A-IoT service; on the other hand, if the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, unnecessary first A-IoT information can be avoided, thus preventing resource waste.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the first reader / writer having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer agrees to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service; the first reader / writer not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer does not agree to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the first information includes identification information associated with the first information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the first information further indicates one or more of the following: the first A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, write service; a first service type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the first service type; a second service type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the second service type; a first device type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the first device type; and a second device type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the second device type.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving request information, the request information including identification information, the request information being used to request first information associated with the identification information, the identification information being used to indicate one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the requested information comes from the access network device or the core network device.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: in response to the first reader / writer changing from having permission to execute the first A-IoT service to not having permission to execute the first A-IoT service, sending first indication information, the first indication information indicating a first information update.

[0037] In this technical solution, the first instruction information can be used to promptly notify the first information of any changes.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information includes the updated first information.

[0039] In this technical solution, the updated first information can be quickly indicated through the first indication information.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: in response to the first reader / writer changing from having permission to execute the first A-IoT service to not having permission to execute the first A-IoT service, stopping the execution of the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving second A-IoT information, the second A-IoT information instructing the first reader to stop executing the first A-IoT service.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: in response to the first reader not having permission to execute the first A-IoT service, not receiving the first A-IoT information.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the specific method for sending the first information associated with the first reader / writer can be: in response to a configuration or policy instruction from a third party to obtain authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer, the first information associated with the first reader / writer is sent, wherein the third party includes the region to which the first reader / writer belongs or the operator to which the first reader / writer belongs.

[0044] This technical solution is beneficial for protecting user information. For example, when the first reader / writer is installed within the UE, performing A-IoT services through the first reader / writer means performing A-IoT services through the UE. During the process of performing A-IoT services through the UE, it may involve reading A-IoT data or writing A-IoT data to A-IoT devices, which poses a risk of leaking user information within the UE. By reporting the first information associated with the first reader / writer only when third-party configuration or policy indicates that authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer is required, user information is better protected.

[0045] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device, the device including units for implementing the method described in the first or second aspect.

[0046] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide another communication device, including a processor; the processor is configured to perform the method described in the first or second aspect.

[0047] In one alternative embodiment, the communication device may further include a memory for storing a computer program; and a processor specifically configured to invoke the computer program from the memory to execute the method described in the first or second aspect.

[0048] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip for performing the methods described in the first or second aspect.

[0049] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a chip module, which includes a communication interface and a chip, wherein: the communication interface is used for internal communication within the chip module, or for communication between the chip module and an external device; and the chip is used to execute the method described in the first or second aspect.

[0050] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication system including a first device and a second device. When the first device and the second device are operating in the communication system, they are used to execute the methods described in the first or second aspect. Optionally, the communication system further includes a third device. When the first device, the second device, and the third device are operating in the communication system, they are used to execute the methods described in the first or second aspect. The first device can be a reader / writer, a terminal device, or a terminal device with reader / writer functionality. The second device can be a core network device or an access network device. The third device can be a core network device or an access network device.

[0051] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program including program instructions that, when executed by a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the method described in the first or second aspect.

[0052] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method described in the first or second aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of the topologies of several environmental Internet of Things (IoT) systems.

[0054] Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of the 5G system architecture;

[0055] Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram of the 6G system architecture;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a system architecture applying an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an A-IoT communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another A-IoT communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another A-IoT communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating another A-IoT communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 8This is a flowchart illustrating another A-IoT communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip module provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0065] It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. "At least one" in the embodiments of this application refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" in the embodiments of this application describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Here, A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " can indicate that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. Additionally, the symbol " / " can also represent a division sign, i.e., performing a division operation.

[0066] In the embodiments of this application, "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent the following seven cases: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, a, b, and c. Each of a, b, and c can be an element or a set containing one or more elements.

[0067] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "corresponding," "associated," "related," and "mapped" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that when the distinction is not emphasized, the concepts or meanings expressed are consistent.

[0068] First, some concepts or technologies involved in the embodiments of this application will be introduced.

[0069] 1. Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT or A-IoT)

[0070] With the widespread application of IoT technology in wireless communication, providing efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy supply for IoT devices has become a major concern. Environmental IoT offers a solution to this problem and is expected to lead the IoT into a greener, smarter, and more sustainable new era.

[0071] The Environmental Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network that autonomously powers its devices using environmental energy sources (such as radio waves, solar energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, pressure energy, or any other form of environmental energy). Environmental IoT devices not only possess the sensing, positioning, identification, and control functions of traditional IoT devices, but also achieve low-maintenance or even maintenance-free characteristics by harnessing environmental energy. This significantly reduces equipment costs, simplifies deployment processes, and extends the lifespan of environmental IoT devices. The emergence of environmental IoT devices can drive the development of the IoT towards a more environmentally friendly, economical, and easily deployed and maintained direction.

[0072] Examples of several possible topologies for the environmental Internet of Things can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown.

[0073] Figure 1 (1) in the middle is The topology is as follows. In this topology, base stations and A-IoT devices can communicate bidirectionally, including the transmission of A-IoT data and / or signaling. The base station sending data to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving data from the A-IoT device can be the same or different.

[0074] Figure 1 (2) is The topology is as follows. In this topology, the base station and the intermediate node can communicate via Uu, and the intermediate node and the A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally, including the transmission of A-IoT data and / or signaling.

[0075] Figure 1 (3.1) and (3.2) are... The topology. Figure 1 (3.1) is the downlink auxiliary topology. The base station and the auxiliary node transmit downlink data through the Uu interface. The A-IoT device receives A-IoT data and / or signaling from the auxiliary node and sends A-IoT data and / or signaling to the base station. Figure 1 (3.2) is the uplink auxiliary topology. The A-IoT device receives A-IoT data and / or signaling from the base station and sends A-IoT data and / or signaling to the auxiliary node. The auxiliary node performs uplink transmission with the base station through the Uu port.

[0076] Figure 1 (4) is The topology is as follows. Under this topology, the UE and A-IoT devices can communicate bidirectionally, including the transmission of A-IoT data and / or signaling. The UE that sends data to the A-IoT device and the UE that receives data from the A-IoT device can be the same or different.

[0077] Figure 1 The base station in the context can be a base station in a new radio (NR) system, such as a next-generation node B (gNB), an evolved node B (eNB), a radio network controller (RNC), a node B (NB), a base station controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a home base station (e.g., a home evolved node B or a home node B (HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a transmission and reception point (TRP), a transmitting point (TP), a mobile switching center, etc. It can also be a base station in a future communication system, such as a sixth-generation (6G) base station. th Base stations, etc., in 6G (generation, 6G) communication systems.

[0078] Figure 1 The intermediate nodes in the context can also be described as relay nodes, which can be devices with environmental IoT capabilities such as relays, repeaters, integrated access backhaul (IAB) nodes, and user equipment (UE).

[0079] Figure 1 The auxiliary nodes can be devices with environmental IoT capabilities, such as relays, repeaters, IAB nodes, and UEs.

[0080] Figure 1In this context, UE can also be referred to as terminal, terminal equipment, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), access terminal equipment, vehicle-mounted terminal equipment, industrial control terminal equipment, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal equipment, mobile device, wireless communication equipment, UE agent, or UE device, etc. UE can be fixed or mobile. It should be noted that UE can support at least one wireless communication technology, such as Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Long Time Evolution (LTE), NR, 6G, or next-generation wireless communication technologies. For example, a UE can be a mobile phone, tablet, desktop computer, laptop computer, all-in-one computer, in-vehicle terminal, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, mixed reality (MR) terminal device, wireless terminal in industrial control, wireless terminal in self-driving, wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal in smart grid, wireless terminal in transportation safety, wireless terminal in smart city, wireless terminal in smart home, cellular phone, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, wearable device, UE in future mobile communication networks, or future evolved public land mobile networks. UEs in a network (PLMN).

[0081] In this embodiment of the application, the reader can be... Figure 1In this context, a reader can be an intermediate node, an auxiliary node, or a UE. A reader can be a device with environmental IoT capabilities, capable of powering A-IoT devices or providing them with carrier signals for backscattering. Readers can also be called readers, excitation sources, IoT-capable devices, IoT-functional devices, etc., and may have other names as standards evolve.

[0082] A-IoT devices can also be simply referred to as IoT devices or tags. As standards evolve, A-IoT devices may have other names.

[0083] 2. Inventory process

[0084] The inventory process refers to the activity of checking and counting the actual quantity of inventory items. Through the inventory process, the quantity and movement of items in stock can be understood.

[0085] In the environmental IoT, the inventory process can be initiated by a reader / writer. The A-IoT devices being inventoried access the channel through a contention-based mechanism and report information to the reader / writer. Once the reader / writer receives the reported information from the A-IoT devices, it can determine that the A-IoT device is within its coverage area. The inventory process is considered complete once all the inventoried A-IoT devices have reported information. The inventory process can also be called a stocktaking process or inventory process.

[0086] Specifically, in the inventory process, the reader first sends a query command to all A-IoT devices. The query command includes a parameter Q, which can take any value between 0 and 15. Each A-IoT device that receives the query command generates a random number (hereinafter referred to as the time slot random number) as its own response time slot. The response time slot of the A-IoT device is the time slot for reporting information to the reader, and the time slot random number is any integer between 0 and 2^Q.

[0087] If the timeslot random number of an A-IoT device is 0, the A-IoT device immediately returns a random number (such as RN16) to the reader. The reader can communicate with the A-IoT device through RN16. After the reader sends a Query command, it will continuously send multiple Query_rep commands. Each time the A-IoT device receives a Query_rep command, its timeslot random number is decremented by 1 until the timeslot random number becomes 0. At this point, the A-IoT device returns RN16 to the reader.

[0088] 3. Reading and writing process

[0089] In the Internet of Things (IoT) environment, read / write processes can perform read or write operations on A-IoT devices. For a read operation, the A-IoT device can report data from its storage area to the reader / writer. For a write operation, the A-IoT device can write data into its storage area.

[0090] In the read / write process, the reader communicates with the A-IoT device point-to-point. The read / write process can also be called the Command process.

[0091] Specifically, the read / write process may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0092] Step a: The reader sends a read or write command to the A-IoT device. If it is a write command, the write command can also carry the data to be written.

[0093] Step b: If step a is a read command, after receiving the read command, the A-IoT device can send the data in the A-IoT device's storage area to the reader / writer. If step a is a write command, after receiving the write command, the A-IoT device can write the data to be written carried by the write command into the A-IoT device's storage area.

[0094] 4. Architecture diagrams of 5G and 6G communication systems.

[0095] Please see Figure 2A This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a 5G system. The architecture of a 5G system may include an access network and a core network, and optionally, it may also include user equipment (UE), readers and A-IoT devices.

[0096] In the embodiments of this application, a UE can be associated with one or more readers. The radio frequency range of a reader can include at least one A-IoT device; that is, a reader can connect to and communicate with at least one A-IoT device. It should be noted that... Figure 2A The number of devices mentioned is for illustrative purposes only and does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. For example, in actual applications, a UE can be associated with more readers, and a reader can connect to more A-IoT devices.

[0097] The UE can manage or control the reader associated with it. Optionally, the UE can connect to the associated reader, through which the UE can manage or control the reader. This connection can be a physical connection or a logical connection, and this application does not limit this.

[0098] Optionally, the reader / writer can be installed inside the UE, meaning the UE has both user equipment functions and reader / writer functionality. Alternatively, the reader / writer can be installed outside the UE. It should be noted that... Figure 2A The reader / writer shown is external to the UE and is for illustrative purposes only; it does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. Other details regarding the UE can be found in the preceding description and will not be repeated here.

[0099] To facilitate the distinction between UEs without reader functionality and those with reader functionality, UEs with reader functionality will be referred to as UE readers (UEreader) in the following text, while UEs without reader functionality will be referred to as UEs or traditional UEs.

[0100] The access network is used to implement access-related functions. It can provide network access to authorized users in a specific area and determine transmission tunnels of different qualities to transmit user data based on user level, service requirements, etc. The access network forwards control signals and user data between terminal equipment and the core network.

[0101] The access network can include access network equipment, which can be devices that provide access for terminal devices. This includes radio access network (RAN) equipment and AN equipment. AN equipment is primarily responsible for functions such as radio resource management, quality of service (QoS) management, data compression, and encryption on the air interface side. RAN equipment can include various types of base stations, such as macro base stations, micro base stations (also known as small stations), relay stations, access points, and balloon stations. In systems employing different radio access technologies, the names of equipment with base station functions may differ. For example, in 5G systems, it is called RAN or next-generation Nodebasestation (gNB); in Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, it is called evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB).

[0102] The core network is responsible for maintaining the subscription data of the mobile network and providing UEs with functions such as session management, mobility management, policy management, and security authentication. The core network may include, but is not limited to, the following network elements: access and mobility management function (AMF), unified data management (UDM), application function (AF), and ambient IoT function (A-IoTF).

[0103] AMF (Active Mobility Management) network elements can be used for mobility management in mobile networks, such as user location updates, user registration, and user handover. UDM (User Demographic Management) network elements can be used to store user data, such as subscription data and authentication / authorization data. AF (Active Front-End) network elements can support interaction with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) core network to provide services, such as influencing data routing decisions, policy control functions, or providing third-party services to the network side. A-IoTF (Active Internet of Things) network elements can be used to manage and control A-IoT services or A-IoT business.

[0104] The terminal device and the AMF can communicate via N1 non-access stratum (NAS) messages, and communication messages between the terminal device and the AMF can also be relayed via RAN N2 messages. The RAN and the AMF communicate via N2 messages. N1 is the interface between the UE and the AMF network element, and N2 is the interface between the RAN device and the AMF network element.

[0105] The functions of the aforementioned network elements or devices can be performed by a single network element or by several network elements working together; this application does not limit this.

[0106] In future communication systems such as 6G communication systems, the aforementioned network elements or devices may still use the names they used in 4G or 5G communication systems, or may have other names. This application does not limit this.

[0107] For example, see Figure 2B This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a 6th generation (6G) communication system. The architecture of a 6G system may include an access network and a core network, and optionally, it may also include UE, readers, and A-IoT devices.

[0108] The access management network elements in the 6G core network can be used for mobility management in mobile networks, such as user location updates, user registration, and user handover. The data management network elements in the 6G core network can be used to store user data, such as subscription data and authentication / authorization data. The functions of the access management network elements in the 6G core network can at least include the functions of the AMF network elements in the 5G core network, and the functions of the data management network elements in the 6G core network can at least include the functions of the UDM network elements in the 5G core network. Other aspects of the 6G system can be found in the preceding description of the 5G system, and will not be repeated here.

[0109] The above is a brief introduction to some of the concepts or technologies involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0110] Next, the system architecture involved in the embodiments of this application will be described.

[0111] The embodiments of this application can be applied to the Internet of Things in the environment, and can also be applied to other communication systems, such as NR systems, 6G communication systems, or 7th generation (7G) communication systems, future communication systems, etc.

[0112] The embodiments of this application can be applied to Figure 3 In the system architecture shown.

[0113] Figure 3 The system architecture shown may include, but is not limited to, the first device 301 and the second device 302. The first device 301 and the second device 302 may communicate directly or indirectly.

[0114] The first device 301 can be a UE, a reader, or a UEreader. The second device can be an access network device or a core network device. If the second device is a core network device, it can specifically be an AMF network element, a UDM network element, an AF network element, or an A-IoTF network element.

[0115] It is understandable that, given the specific forms of the first and second devices, through... Figure 2A , Figure 2BThe architecture shown determines how the first device communicates with the second device. For example, if the first device is a UE and the second device is an AMF network element in a 5G communication system, the UE can communicate directly with the AMF network element, or the UE can communicate indirectly with the AMF network element through an access network device. As another example, if the first device is a UE and the second device is a core network element (referred to as core network element a) in a 6G communication system, the UE can communicate indirectly with core network element a through an access network device. In this case, core network element a can be an access management network element, a data management network element, an AF network element, or an A-IoTF network element. Alternatively, the UE can communicate indirectly with core network element a through both an access network device and an access management network element. In this case, core network element a can be any core network element other than the access management network element, such as a data management network element, an AF network element, or an A-IoTF network element.

[0116] It is understood that the system architecture described in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art will know that with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0117] The A-IoT communication method proposed in the embodiments of this application is described below. This A-IoT communication method can be... Figure 3 The first device or the second device in the process may perform the operation, or the operation may be performed by a device that matches the first device (e.g., a device that houses a chip, chip module, or processor inside the first device) or a device that matches the second device (e.g., a device that houses a chip, chip module, or processor inside the second device).

[0118] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating an A-IoT communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the A-IoT communication method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0119] S401: The second device obtains the first information associated with the first reader / writer, the first information indicating whether the first reader / writer has the permission to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0120] In this embodiment, each reader may have associated first information, which indicates whether the reader has permission to execute a specific A-IoT service. This embodiment uses the first information associated with a first reader and the specific A-IoT service as an example for illustration.

[0121] The first A-IoT service may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: inventory management, read operations, and write operations. The process for performing inventory management is described above, as are the processes for performing read and write operations, and will not be repeated here.

[0122] In one possible implementation, the first reader having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service can mean that: the user associated with the first reader agrees to the first reader executing the first A-IoT service, or that the user associated with the first reader authorizes the first reader to execute the first A-IoT service, or that the UE associated with the first reader authorizes the first reader to execute the first A-IoT service. The first reader not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service can mean that: the user associated with the first reader does not agree to the first reader executing the first A-IoT service, or that the user associated with the first reader does not authorize the first reader to execute the first A-IoT service, or that the UE associated with the first reader does not authorize the first reader to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0123] In this embodiment of the application, when it is necessary to perform a first A-IoT service, the second device can obtain the first information.

[0124] One possible implementation for the second device to obtain the first information is that the second device can retrieve the first information from its own memory. For example, taking the second device as an A-IoTF network element, the A-IoTF network element stores the first information associated with the first reader / writer. The A-IoTF network element can retrieve the first information from its own memory to determine whether the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0125] Optionally, the first information stored in the second device can be pre-configured in the second device. Optionally, the second device can store at least one piece of first information associated with a reader / writer. For example, the second device can manage the first information associated with readers / writers in a certain area or factory. Taking an area or factory that includes N readers / writers as an example, the second device can manage the first information associated with N readers / writers. That is, the first information associated with these N readers / writers can be pre-configured in the second device, or in other words, the first information associated with these N readers / writers can be stored in the second device, where N is a positive integer.

[0126] Another possible implementation for the second device to obtain the first information is that the second device can receive the first information from another device, which can be either the first device or a third device. For example, the second device can receive the first information from a third device that stores the first information. Alternatively, the second device can receive the first information from a first device that stores the first information.

[0127] In this system, a first device is associated with a first reader / writer, and the first device can manage or control the first reader / writer. The first device can be a reader (i.e., the first reader / writer), a UE, or a UEreader, where a UEreader is a UE with first reader / writer functionality. Optionally, the first reader / writer can be associated with a user, who can manage or control the first reader / writer through the first device. Optionally, the first reader / writer can be associated with one or more users, all of whom can manage or control the first reader / writer. Optionally, a user can be associated with one or more readers / writers.

[0128] In this application, the first device managing or controlling the first reader / writer may include: the first device managing or controlling first information associated with the first reader / writer. The first device may report the first information associated with the first reader / writer to the network so that the network can know whether the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service. As can be seen from the foregoing, the device managing the first information may include the first device and the second device.

[0129] Optionally, prior to S401, the A-IoT communication method may also include S400a.

[0130] S400a: The first device sends first information to the second device. Correspondingly, the second device receives the first information. It should be noted that S400a is an optional step; that is, the first device may or may not execute S400a. Figure 4 The steps shown by the dashed lines are optional.

[0131] Optionally, the first device may send the first information to the second device in response to the second device's request to obtain the first information, or the first device may proactively report the first information to the second device.

[0132] Optionally, the A-IoT communication method may also include S400b after S400a.

[0133] S400b: The second device saves the first information. It should be noted that S400b is an optional step, meaning that the second device can execute S400b or not.

[0134] Optionally, after receiving the first information, the second device may save the first information in its own memory.

[0135] After receiving the first information, the second device saves the first information so that it can quickly retrieve the first information from its own memory when it needs to use the first information later, without having to receive the first information from the first device again.

[0136] Optionally, if the first information obtained by the second device comes from the third device, the first information provided by the third device can be pre-configured in the third device, that is, the first information is stored in the third device. Alternatively, the first information provided by the third device can come from the first device or the second device.

[0137] Optionally, prior to S401, the A-IoT communication method may also include S400c and S400d.

[0138] S400c: The second device sends first information to the third device. Correspondingly, the third device receives the first information. It should be noted that S400c is an optional step; that is, the second device may or may not execute S400c.

[0139] In one possible implementation, the first information sent by the second device may be pre-configured within the second device. Alternatively, the first information sent by the second device may be received from the first device; that is, before S400c, the A-IoT communication method may further include S400a (the first device sends the first information to the second device).

[0140] The third device can be an access network device or a core network device. If the third device is a core network device in 5G, it can specifically be an AMF network element, a UDM network element, an AF network element, or an A-IoTF network element. If the third device is a core network device in 6G, it can specifically be an access management network element, a data management network element, an AF network element, or an A-IoTF network element. It is understandable that, given the specific forms of the second and third devices, [the process can be described using...] Figure 2A , Figure 2B The architecture shown determines how the second device communicates with the third device, which will not be elaborated here.

[0141] Optionally, the second device may send the first information to the third device in response to the third device's request to obtain the first information (e.g., the third device subscribes to the first information from the second device), or the second device may actively send the first information to the third device.

[0142] S400d: The third device saves this first information. It should be noted that S400d is an optional step, meaning that the third device can choose to execute S400d or not.

[0143] Optionally, after receiving the first information, the third device may save the first information in its own memory.

[0144] After receiving the first information, the third device saves it so that it can quickly retrieve the first information from its own memory when needed later, without having to receive it from the second device again. Alternatively, the third device can quickly provide the first information to other devices (such as the second device) when they need it. For example, taking this A-IoT communication method applied to a 5G communication system, the UDM network element stores the first information. When the AF network element or A-IoTF network element needs the first reader to perform the first A-IoT service, it can request the first information from the UDM network element. Correspondingly, the UDM network element provides the first information to the AF network element or A-IoTF network element. In this way, when the AF network element or A-IoTF network element needs to use the first information, the UDM network element can quickly provide it to the AF network element or A-IoTF network element without the AF network element or A-IoTF network element having to request the first information from the first device again.

[0145] Optionally, prior to S401, the A-IoT communication method may also include S400e.

[0146] S400e: The first device sends first information to the third device. Correspondingly, the third device receives the first information. It should be noted that S400e is an optional step; that is, the first device may or may not execute S400e.

[0147] It is understandable that, given the specific forms of the first and third devices are determined, through... Figure 2A , Figure 2B The architecture shown determines how the first device communicates with the third device to report the first information, which will not be elaborated here.

[0148] Optionally, the first device may send the first information to the third device in response to the third device's request to obtain the first information, or the first device may proactively report the first information to the third device.

[0149] Optionally, after S400e, the A-IoT communication method may further include S400d (i.e., the third device saves the first information). After receiving the first information, the third device saves it so that it can quickly retrieve the first information from its own memory when needed later, without having to receive it from the first device again. Alternatively, it can quickly provide the first information to other devices (such as the second device) when they need it, without having to receive it from the first device again. For example, taking the A-IoT communication method applied to a 5G communication system, the UDM network element saves the first information. When the AF network element or A-IoTF network element needs the first reader to perform the first A-IoT service, it can request the first information from the UDM network element. Correspondingly, the UDM network element provides the first information to the AF network element or A-IoTF network element. In this way, when the AF network element or A-IoTF network element needs to use the first information, the UDM network element can quickly provide the first information to the AF network element or A-IoTF network element without the UDM network element needing to receive the first information from the first device again.

[0150] Optionally, the UDM network element may store this first information as subscription information. Alternatively, the data management network element may store this first information as subscription information.

[0151] It should be noted that the methods by which the network obtains and stores primary information may include, but are not limited to, those mentioned above. Figure 4 Any of the methods 1, 2, and 3 shown may further include pre-configuring the first information in the network. For example, the network may pre-configure the first information by configuring subscription information, or the network may store the first information as subscription information. It should also be noted that the devices storing the first information in the network include, but are not limited to, those... Figure 4 The second and third devices shown can also be other network devices.

[0152] As can be seen from the above, the first information in the second device can be pre-configured or come from the first reader / writer, UE, UEreader, access network device or core network device.

[0153] In the first scenario, the second device is an access network device, and the first information can come from a reader, UE, UEreader, or core network device. The core network device can be an A-IoTF network element, an AF network element, a UDM network element in 5G, an AMF network element in 5G, a data management network element in 6G, or a mobility management network element in 6G.

[0154] In the second scenario, the second device is a core network device (e.g., referred to as the first core network device), and the first information can originate from a reader, UE, UEreader, access network device, or the second core network device. Specifically, the first core network device can be an A-IoTF network element, an AF network element, a UDM network element in 5G, an AMF network element in 5G, a data management network element in 6G, or a mobility management network element in 6G. Similarly, the second core network device can be an A-IoTF network element, an AF network element, a UDM network element in 5G, an AMF network element in 5G, a data management network element in 6G, or a mobility management network element in 6G. The second core network device can be any core network device other than the first core network device. For example, if the first core network device is an A-IoTF network element, an AF network element, an AMF network element in 5G, or a mobility management network element in 6G, the second core network device can be a UDM network element in 5G or a data management network element in 6G.

[0155] As can be seen from the above, the first information in the third device can be pre-configured or come from the first device or the second device. Specifically, the first information received and stored by the third device can come from the first reader / writer, UE, UEreader, access network device or core network device.

[0156] In this embodiment, the device managing or controlling the first information may include a first device and a second device. The network device storing the first information on the network side may include a second device and a third device. The device using the first information may be the second device.

[0157] It is understandable that this first information is needed when the first A-IoT service needs to be executed. Optionally, the device using this first information (i.e., the second device) may include the device that triggers the execution of the first A-IoT service, or network devices that pass through the network during the process of issuing an instruction to execute the first A-IoT service. These network devices can be core network devices or access network devices. The device that triggers the execution of the first A-IoT service can be an AF network element or an A-IoTF network element. Taking the application of this A-IoT communication method to a 5G communication system as an example, the network devices that pass through the process of issuing an instruction to execute the first A-IoT service may include, but are not limited to, AMF network elements and UDM network elements. That is, the second device may include an AF network element, an A-IoTF network element, an AMF network element, or a UDM network element. Taking the application of this A-IoT communication method to a 6G communication system as an example, the network devices that pass through the process of issuing an instruction to execute the first A-IoT service may include, but are not limited to, mobility management network elements and data management network elements. That is, the second device may include an AF network element, an A-IoTF network element, a mobility management network element, or a data management network element.

[0158] S402: In response to the first information indicating that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device sends the first A-IoT information, which instructs the first reader / writer to execute the first A-IoT service. Correspondingly, the first device receives the first A-IoT information.

[0159] After obtaining the first information, the second device can determine, based on the first information, whether the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service. In response to the first information indicating that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device can send first A-IoT information, which instructs the first reader / writer to execute the first A-IoT service. Optionally, the first A-IoT information may include A-IoT signaling and / or A-IoT data.

[0160] Only when the second device determines, based on the first information, that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service will it instruct the first reader / writer to execute the first A-IoT service. This is conducive to the successful execution of the first A-IoT service.

[0161] Optionally, in response to the first information indicating that the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device may not send the first A-IoT information; that is, the second device does not instruct the first reader / writer to execute the first A-IoT service. Correspondingly, in response to the first reader / writer not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device does not receive the first A-IoT information. Alternatively, if the first information acquisition fails, the second device may not send the first A-IoT information. In the case of the first information acquisition failure, the second device may assume that the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0162] If the first reader / writer lacks the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device will not send the first A-IoT information. This avoids sending unnecessary first A-IoT information and prevents resource waste. Because if the first reader / writer lacks the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, even if the second device sends the first A-IoT information, the first reader / writer will not execute the first A-IoT service. This would prevent the first A-IoT service from successfully executing and would also cause the second device to send unnecessary first A-IoT information.

[0163] S403: The first device executes the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0164] After receiving the first A-IoT information, the first device executes the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0165] Figure 4In the diagram, the thick dashed line indicates that the two devices inside can be the same physical entity or different physical entities. For example, the first reader and the first device inside the thick dashed line can be the same physical entity or different physical entities.

[0166] The first device is a UEreader. If the UEreader and the first reader / writer are located in the same physical entity, the UEreader can directly execute the first A-IoT service.

[0167] When the first device is a UE, and the UE and the first reader / writer are located in different physical entities, the UE can execute the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer, or in other words, the UE can control the first reader / writer to execute the first A-IoT service. For example, the UE can send a command to the first reader / writer instructing it to execute the first A-IoT service. Optionally, the command may include first A-IoT information.

[0168] In one possible implementation, the first information may include identification information associated with the first information, which may be used to indicate one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a UE associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0169] When this identification information is used to indicate the first reader / writer, it can be the identifier of the first reader / writer, such as a reader ID. If the first reader / writer is an intermediate node, this identification information can be the identifier of the intermediate node (such as an I-node ID). When this identification information is used to indicate the UE associated with the first reader / writer, it can be the identifier of the UE, such as a UE ID. When this identification information is used to indicate the user associated with the first reader / writer, it can be the user identifier, such as a user ID, a UE's subscription permanent identifier (SUPI), or a UE's subscription concealed identifier (SUCI), etc.

[0170] In one possible implementation, the first information can be stored in association with the identification information. By obtaining the identification information, the first information associated with the identification information can be further obtained. For example, based on the identification information, the UDM can query whether the contract information includes the first information associated with the identification information. If it does, the first information associated with the identification information can also be obtained.

[0171] Optionally, there is an association relationship among the first reader / writer, the first device associated with the first reader / writer, and the user associated with the first reader / writer. That is, determining one of these three entities allows the determination of the other two. The first device can be a UE, the first reader / writer, or a UEreader. It is understood that if the first device is a UE, and the UE and the first reader / writer are located in different physical entities, there is an association relationship among the first reader / writer, the UE associated with the first reader / writer, and the user associated with the first reader / writer. If the first device is a UEreader, and the UEreader and the first reader / writer are located in the same physical entity, there is an association relationship between the UEreader and the user associated with the UEreader.

[0172] In one possible implementation, the first information, besides indicating that the first reader / writer has the permission to execute the first A-IoT service, can also indicate that the first reader / writer does not have the permission to execute the second A-IoT service. That is, the first information can indicate which A-IoT services the first reader / writer has the permission to execute and which A-IoT services it does not have the permission to execute. Here, the first A-IoT service and the second A-IoT service are different A-IoT services.

[0173] In one possible implementation, the first information may also indicate one or more of the following: the first A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, write service; the second A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, write service; first service type; second service type; first device type; second device type.

[0174] The first information indicating that the first A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, and write service, indicates that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute specific A-IoT services. The first information indicating that the second A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, and write service, indicates that the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute specific A-IoT services.

[0175] The first information indicating the first service type can mean that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute certain types of A-IoT services. These types are called the first service type. In other words, the first reader / writer has the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the first service type. Taking the types of A-IoT services as divided into disk storage type, read type, and write type as an example, the first service type can include one or more of these three types. If the first service type is disk storage type, it means that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute disk storage services.

[0176] The first information indicating the second service type can mean that the first reader / writer is not authorized to execute certain types of A-IoT services; these types are called the second service types. In other words, the first reader / writer is not authorized to execute A-IoT services belonging to the second service type. The second service type can include one or more of the following: storage type, read type, and write type. The first service type is different from the second service type.

[0177] The first information indicating the first device type can mean that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for specific types of A-IoT devices. These types are called the first device types. In other words, the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the first device type. For example, if A-IoT devices are categorized as washing machines and refrigerators, the first device type can include one or more of these. If the first device type is a washing machine, and the first A-IoT service is a storage type, it means that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute storage services for the washing machine.

[0178] The first information indicating the second device type can mean that the first reader / writer does not have permission to execute the first A-IoT service for certain types of A-IoT devices. These types are called the second device types. In other words, the first reader / writer does not have permission to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the second device type. For example, if A-IoT devices are categorized as washing machines and refrigerators, the second device type can include one or more of these. The first device type and the second device type can be the same or different. If the second device type is a refrigerator, and the first A-IoT service is an inventory management type, it means that the first reader / writer does not have permission to execute the inventory management service for refrigerators.

[0179] For example, Table 1 shows a specific example of the content of the first information. In Table 1, the execution object of the A-IoT service can be understood as the A-IoT device. The content shown in Table 1 indicates that the user identified by user ID1 agrees to perform inventory and read services for the washing machine and refrigerator; the user does not agree to perform write services for the washing machine and refrigerator.

[0180] Table 1. Specific content of the first information

[0181]

[0182] In one possible implementation, when the first reader / writer needs to perform A-IoT services, it must comply with the instructions of a third-party configuration or policy. The third-party configuration (or policy) may indicate whether authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer is required, or whether user consent (or user permission / authorization) is required for the first reader / writer to perform A-IoT services. This third party includes, but is not limited to, the region to which the first reader / writer is located or the operator to which the first reader / writer is located.

[0183] In one possible implementation, the first device sending the first information associated with the first reader / writer can be implemented as follows: In response to a third party's configuration or policy instruction to obtain authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer, the first device sends the first information associated with the first reader / writer. That is, the first device only reports the first information when the third party's configuration or policy instruction requires the user associated with the first reader / writer to agree (or grant permission) before A-IoT services can be performed through the first reader / writer, so that the network knows whether the user agrees to perform A-IoT services through the first reader / writer. For example, in response to a third party's configuration or policy instruction to obtain authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer, the first device executes S400a (i.e., the first device sends the first information to the second device). As another example, in response to a third party's configuration or policy instruction to obtain authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer, the first device executes S400e (i.e., the first device sends the first information to the third device).

[0184] This approach helps protect user information. For example, if the first reader / writer is located within the UE, performing A-IoT services through the first reader / writer means performing A-IoT services through that UE. During the process of performing A-IoT services through this UE, it may involve reading A-IoT data or writing A-IoT data to A-IoT devices, which carries the risk of leaking user information within the UE. Reporting the first information associated with the first reader / writer only when third-party configuration or policies require authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer helps protect user information.

[0185] In one possible implementation, S401 (i.e., the second device obtains the first information associated with the first reader / writer) can be specifically implemented as follows: In response to a third party's configuration or policy instruction, the second device obtains the first information associated with the first reader / writer by requesting authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer. That is, if the third party's configuration or policy instruction requires the user's consent (or user permission / authorization) to perform A-IoT services through the first reader / writer, the second device needs to obtain this first information to determine whether the user agrees to perform A-IoT services through the first reader / writer. This approach helps protect user information. For example, if the first reader / writer is located within the UE, performing A-IoT services through the first reader / writer means performing A-IoT services through the UE. During the process of performing A-IoT services through the UE, it may involve reading A-IoT data or writing A-IoT data to A-IoT devices, which carries the risk of leaking user information within the UE. Obtaining the first information associated with the first reader / writer only when the third party's configuration or policy instruction requires authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer helps protect user information.

[0186] In one possible implementation, in response to a first message indicating that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device can send a second instruction message, which may instruct an increase in billing for user devices associated with the first reader / writer; and / or, in response to a first message indicating that the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device can send a third instruction message, which may instruct a reduction in billing for user devices associated with the first reader / writer. In other words, a user's consent to the first reader / writer's participation in executing the first A-IoT service can reward the user devices or users associated with the first reader / writer. A user's disagreement with the first reader / writer's participation in executing the first A-IoT service can penalize the user devices or users associated with the first reader / writer. This encourages more users to consent to their associated readers / writers participating in A-IoT services, meaning more readers / writers can participate in A-IoT services, thus improving the capacity of the A-IoT system.

[0187] In this embodiment, the second device instructs the first reader to execute the first A-IoT service only when it determines, based on the first information, that the first reader has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service. This facilitates the successful execution of the first A-IoT service. Furthermore, if the first reader does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device will not send the first A-IoT information, thus avoiding the sending of unnecessary first A-IoT information and preventing resource waste.

[0188] It should be noted that the information names, message names, device names, and other names used in the embodiments of this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. As technology evolves, the names may change. For example, the first information may also be called license information, consent information, consent information, etc.

[0189] The preceding text described how a first device can report the first information to a third device. In one possible implementation, the first device can proactively report the first information to the third device, or the third device can request the first information from the first device. Upon receiving the request, the first device can send the first information to the third device. For example, the third device sends a request message (hereinafter referred to as the first request message) to the first device. The first request message includes identification information associated with the first information. The first request message is used to request the first information associated with the identification information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, or a user associated with the first reader / writer. Accordingly, after receiving the first request message, the first device can send the first information to the third device. The third device and the second device can be the same device or different devices.

[0190] The preceding text describes how the second device can receive first information from the first or third device. In one possible implementation, the first or third device can proactively send this first information to the second device.

[0191] Alternatively, the second device can request the first device to obtain the first information. Upon receiving the request, the first device can send the first information to the second device. For example, the second device sends a request message (hereinafter referred to as the second request message) to the first device. The second request message includes identification information associated with the first information. The second request message is used to request the first information associated with the identification information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, or a user associated with the first reader / writer. Accordingly, after receiving the second request message, the first device can send the first information to the second device.

[0192] Alternatively, the second device can request the first information from the third device. Upon receiving the request, the third device can send the first information back to the second device. For example, the second device sends a request message (hereinafter referred to as the third request message) to the third device. The third request message includes identification information associated with the first information. The third request message is used to request the first information associated with the identification information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, or a user associated with the first reader / writer. Accordingly, after receiving the third request message, the third device can send the first information back to the second device.

[0193] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating another A-IoT communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method mainly describes how a first device notifies a second device of a first information update. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the A-IoT communication method may include Figure 4 The steps S401-S403 in the corresponding embodiment may also include, but are not limited to, the following steps. For details of S401-S403, please refer to... Figure 4 The detailed descriptions in the corresponding embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0194] S500: The second device sends a subscription request to the first device. The subscription request is used to subscribe to updates of the first information. It should be noted that S500 is an optional step; that is, the second device may or may not execute S500. Figure 5 The steps shown by the dashed lines are optional.

[0195] In S401, when the first information acquired by the second device is provided by the first device, the second device can send a subscription request (hereinafter referred to as subscription request a) to the first device. After receiving subscription request a, in response to the update of the first information, the first device can send first indication information (hereinafter referred to as first indication information a) to the second device. First indication information a indicates that the first information has been updated. The first device can be a reader (i.e., a first reader / writer), a UE, or a UEreader. That is, the second device can send subscription request a to a reader, a UE, or a UEreader. Correspondingly, if the reader, UE, or UEreader determines that the first information has been updated, it can send first indication information a to the second device.

[0196] By sending a subscription request, the second device can be informed more promptly whether the first information has been updated.

[0197] S501: In response to the first information update, the first device sends a first indication information to the second device, the first indication information indicating the first information update.

[0198] In response to the first information update, the first device sends a first indication message (i.e., first indication message a) to notify the second device that the first information has been updated. The second device can then promptly determine whether the first information has changed through the first indication message.

[0199] It should be noted that the first information update can refer to the update of at least one item in the first information. For example, the first information update may include one or more of the following: the first reader / writer changes from having permission to execute the first A-IoT service to not having permission to execute the first A-IoT service; the first reader / writer changes from not having permission to execute the first A-IoT service to having permission to execute the first A-IoT service; the first A-IoT service changes; the second A-IoT service changes; the first service type changes; the second service type changes; the first device type changes; the second device type changes.

[0200] In response to a first information update (such as a change in the first reader / writer's permission to perform the first A-IoT service from having permission to perform the first A-IoT service to not having permission to perform the first A-IoT service), the first device may proactively send a first indication message 'a' to the second device. Alternatively, if the second device has subscribed to the first information update, in response to the first information update, the first device sends the first indication message 'a' to the second device, and the second device receives the first indication message 'a' accordingly. In this case, the first indication message 'a' received by the second device originates from the first device; that is, the first indication message 'a' received by the second device originates from the reader (i.e., the first reader / writer), the UE, or the UEreader.

[0201] Optionally, after receiving the first indication information a, the second device can obtain updated first information based on the first information and the first indication information a. The updated first information can indicate whether the first reader / writer has permission to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0202] For example, the first information indicates that the first reader / writer has the permission to execute the first A-IoT service. Based on the first information and the updated first information a, it can indicate that the first reader / writer does not have the permission to execute the first A-IoT service. Conversely, the first information indicates that the first reader / writer does not have the permission to execute the first A-IoT service. Based on the first information and the updated first information a, it can indicate that the first reader / writer has the permission to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0203] Optionally, the first indication information a may include updated first information. In this way, the recipient of the first indication information a (i.e., the second device) can quickly obtain the updated first information.

[0204] Optionally, after receiving the first instruction information a, the second device may update the stored first information based on the first instruction information a.

[0205] S502: In response to the updated first information indicating that the first reader / writer does not have the permission to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device sends second A-IoT information to the first device. The second A-IoT information instructs the first reader / writer to stop executing the first A-IoT service. It should be noted that S502 is an optional step; that is, the second device may or may not execute S502.

[0206] After receiving the updated first information, the second device, in response to the updated first information indicating that the first reader does not have the authority to perform the first A-IoT service, may send second A-IoT information. Optionally, the second A-IoT information may include A-IoT signaling and / or A-IoT data.

[0207] Optionally, in response to the updated first information indicating that the first reader still has the authority to perform the first A-IoT service, the second device may not send the second A-IoT information.

[0208] S503: The first device stops executing the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0209] In response to a change in the permission of the first reader / writer from having permission to perform the first A-IoT service to not having permission to perform the first A-IoT service, the first device can stop performing the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer. For example, if the first device detects a change in the first information, it can immediately stop performing the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer. Alternatively, if the first device receives second A-IoT information, it can stop performing the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0210] If the first device is a UEreader and the first reader / writer is located in the same physical entity, the UEreader can directly stop executing the first A-IoT service.

[0211] When the first device is a UE, and the UE and the first reader / writer are located in different physical entities, the UE can control the first reader / writer to stop executing the first A-IoT service. For example, the UE can send a command to the first reader / writer instructing it to stop executing the first A-IoT service. Optionally, the command may include second A-IoT information.

[0212] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another A-IoT communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method mainly describes how a third device notifies a second device of a first information update. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the A-IoT communication method may include Figure 4The steps S401-S403 in the corresponding embodiment may also include, but are not limited to, the following steps. For details of S401-S403, please refer to... Figure 4 The detailed descriptions in the corresponding embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0213] S600: The second device sends a subscription request to the third device. The subscription request is used to subscribe to updates of the first information. It should be noted that S600 is an optional step; that is, the second device may or may not execute S600. Figure 6 The steps shown by the dashed lines are optional.

[0214] In S401, if the first information obtained by the second device is provided by the third device, the second device may send a subscription request (hereinafter referred to as subscription request b) to the third device. After receiving subscription request b, in response to the update of the first information, the third device may send a first indication information (hereinafter referred to as first indication information b) to the second device. The first indication information b indicates that the first information has been updated.

[0215] Optionally, in response to an update of the first information, the first device notifies the third device of the first information update, thereby enabling the third device to become aware of the first information update. Further, the third device may send a first indication message b to the second device, so that the second device becomes aware of the first information update.

[0216] The third device can be an access network device or a core network device. In the first scenario, the second device is an access network device and the third device is a core network device. In this case, the access network device sends a subscription request b to the core network device. Correspondingly, if the core network device determines that the first information has been updated, it can send a first indication information b to the access network device. The core network device can be an A-IoTF network element, an AF network element, a UDM network element in 5G, an AMF network element in 5G, a mobility management network element in 6G, or a data management network element in 6G.

[0217] In the second scenario, the second device is a first core network device, and the third device is an access network device or a second core network device. In this case, the first core network device can send the subscription request b to the access network device or the second core network device. Correspondingly, if the access network device or the second core network device determines that the first information has been updated, it can send the first indication information b to the first core network device. The first core network device can be an A-IoTF network element, an AF network element, a UDM network element in 5G, an AMF network element in 5G, a mobility management network element in 6G, or a data management network element in 6G. The second core network device can be an A-IoTF network element, an AF network element, a UDM network element in 5G, an AMF network element in 5G, a mobility management network element in 6G, or a data management network element in 6G. The second core network device can be any core network device other than the first core network device. For example, if the first core network device is an A-IoTF network element, an AF network element, an AMF network element in 5G, or a mobility management network element in 6G, the second core network device can be a UDM network element in 5G or a data management network element in 6G.

[0218] By sending a subscription request, the second device can be informed more promptly whether the first information has been updated.

[0219] S601: In response to the first information update, the third device sends a first indication information to the second device, the first indication information indicating the first information update.

[0220] In response to the first information update, the third device sends a first indication message (i.e., first indication message b) to notify the second device of the first information update.

[0221] It should be noted that for information regarding the first instruction information b and the update of the first information, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5 The specific description in S501 of the corresponding embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0222] In response to a first information update (such as a change in the first reader / writer's permission to perform the first A-IoT service from having permission to perform the first A-IoT service to not having permission to perform the first A-IoT service), the third device may proactively send a first indication message b to the second device. Alternatively, if the second device has subscribed to the first information update, in response to the first information update, the third device sends the first indication message b to the second device, and the second device receives the first indication message b. In this case, the first indication message b received by the second device comes from the third device, which can be an access network device or a core network device; that is, the first indication message b received by the second device comes from a core network device or an access network device.

[0223] Optionally, in response to a first information update (such as a change in the first reader / writer's permission to perform the first A-IoT service from having permission to not having permission to perform the first A-IoT service), the first device may proactively notify the third device of the first information update. Alternatively, if the third device has subscribed to the first information update, the first device may notify the third device of the first information update in response to the first information update. In this way, the third device can become aware of the first information update, and further, the third device may send first indication information b to the second device.

[0224] Optionally, after receiving the first indication information b, the second device can obtain updated first information based on the first information and the first indication information b. The updated first information can indicate whether the first reader / writer has permission to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0225] For example, the first information indicates that the first reader / writer has the permission to execute the first A-IoT service. Based on the first information and the updated first information determined by the first indication information b, it can indicate that the first reader / writer does not have the permission to execute the first A-IoT service. Conversely, the first information indicates that the first reader / writer does not have the permission to execute the first A-IoT service. Based on the first information and the updated first information determined by the first indication information b, it can indicate that the first reader / writer has the permission to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0226] Optionally, the first indication information b may include updated first information. In this way, the recipient of the first indication information b (i.e., the second device) can quickly obtain the updated first information.

[0227] Optionally, after receiving the first instruction information b, the second device may update the stored first information based on the first instruction information b.

[0228] Optionally, the third device can obtain the updated first information based on the notification (notification of first information update) sent by the first device and the first information. Alternatively, the notification carries the updated first information, meaning the third device can obtain the updated first information from the notification. Optionally, after receiving the notification, the third device can update the stored first information based on the notification.

[0229] S602: In response to the updated first information indicating that the first reader does not have the permission to execute the first A-IoT service, the second device sends a second A-IoT message to the first device, and the second A-IoT message instructs the first reader to stop executing the first A-IoT service.

[0230] S603: The first device stops executing the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0231] It should be noted that the specific details of S602-S603 can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 The detailed descriptions of S502-S503 in the corresponding embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0232] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating another A-IoT communication method provided in this application embodiment. Taking the application of this A-IoT communication method in a 5G communication system as an example, assuming the first device is a UEreader, the third device is a UDM network element, and the second device is an AF network element or an A-IoTF network element, the A-IoT communication method mainly describes the reporting process, usage process, and update process of the first information. The UEreader has a built-in first reader / writer, or in other words, the UEreader has the function of a first reader / writer. It should be noted that if the A-IoT communication method is applied to a 6G communication system, assuming the first device is a UEreader, the third device is a data management network element, and the second device is an AF network element or an A-IoTF network element, the execution steps of the data management network element are similar to those of the UDM network element; see [link to relevant documentation] for details. Figure 7 The corresponding embodiment describes the A-IoT communication method, which may include, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0233] S701: The UEreader sends the first information associated with the first reader to the UDM network element. The first information indicates whether the first reader has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service. It should be noted that S701 is an optional step, meaning that the first device can execute S701 or not. Figure 7 The steps shown by the dashed lines are optional.

[0234] It should be noted that for details regarding S701, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 4 The detailed description in S400e of the corresponding embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0235] S702: The UDM network element stores this first information.

[0236] In one possible implementation, this first information can be stored as subscription information in a UDM network element.

[0237] In another possible implementation, the first information may be obtained from an A-IoT service stakeholder and stored in a UDM network element. The A-IoT service stakeholder may include, but is not limited to, a UE, a UE reader, an AF network element, or an A-IoTF network element.

[0238] It should be noted that for details regarding S702, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 4The detailed description of S400d in the corresponding embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0239] S703: The AF network element or A-IoTF network element sends a request message to the UDM network element. The request message includes identification information and is used to request the acquisition of the first information associated with the identification information.

[0240] When an AF network element or A-IoTF network element needs the first reader / writer to perform the first A-IoT service, it can send a request message to the UDM network element.

[0241] It should be noted that for details regarding S703, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 4 The detailed description in S401 of the corresponding embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0242] S704: The UDM network element sends the first information to the AF network element or the A-IoTF network element.

[0243] After receiving the request information, the UDM network element can query the first information associated with the identification information based on the identification information in the request information, and send the first information to the AF network element or the A-IoTF network element.

[0244] S705: In response to the first information indicating that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the AF network element or A-IoTF network element sends the first A-IoT information to the UE reader, and the first A-IoT information instructs the first reader / writer to execute the first A-IoT service. Accordingly, the UE reader receives the first A-IoT information.

[0245] S706: The UEreader executes the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0246] It should be noted that for details regarding S705-S706, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 4 The detailed descriptions in S402-S403 of the corresponding embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0247] S707: The AF network element or A-IoTF network element sends a subscription request to the UDM network element. The subscription request is used to subscribe to the update of the first information. It should be noted that S707 is an optional step, that is, the AF network element or A-IoTF network element may or may not execute S707. Figure 7 The steps shown by the dashed lines are optional.

[0248] It should be noted that the execution order of S707 is not limited in the embodiments of this application. S707 can be executed before any step in S701-S706, or S707 can be executed after any step in S701-S706.

[0249] It should also be noted that for details regarding the S707, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 6 The detailed description of S600 in the corresponding embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0250] S708: In response to the first information update, the UEreader sends a fourth indication message to the UDM network element, which indicates the updated first information. S708 is an optional step.

[0251] Optionally, the fourth instruction information may implicitly indicate the updated first information, or the fourth instruction information may directly carry the updated first information.

[0252] S709: The UDM network element updates the stored first information based on the fourth indication information. S709 is an optional step.

[0253] After receiving the fourth indication information, the UDM network element can update the stored first information based on the fourth indication information, or the UDM network element can update the stored first information based on the fourth indication information and the first information to obtain the updated first information. It is understood that after the UDM network element updates the stored first information, it stores the updated first information, not the original first information (i.e., the first information before the update).

[0254] S710: The UDM network element sends a first indication message to the AF network element or the A-IoTF network element, and the first indication message indicates that the first information is updated.

[0255] When a UDM network element determines that the first information has been updated, it can indicate the first information update to other devices (such as AF network elements or A-IoTF network elements). For example, when a UDM network element determines that the first information has been updated, it can indicate the first information update to the recipient of the first information (i.e., the AF network element or A-IoTF network element). It should be noted that "first information update" can also be described as "first information change".

[0256] It should be noted that for details regarding the S710, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 6 The detailed description in S601 of the corresponding embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0257] S711: In response to the updated first information indicating that the first reader does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the AF network element or the A-IoTF network element sends a second A-IoT message to the UE reader. The second A-IoT message instructs the first reader to stop executing the first A-IoT service. S711 is an optional step.

[0258] S712: In response to the first reader changing from having the permission to execute the first A-IoT service to not having the permission to execute the first A-IoT service, the UEreader stops executing the first A-IoT service through the first reader.

[0259] It should be noted that for details regarding S711-S712, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 6 The detailed descriptions in S602-S603 of the corresponding embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0260] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating another A-IoT communication method provided in this application embodiment. Taking the application of this A-IoT communication method to a 5G communication system as an example, assuming the first device is a UEreader, the third device is a UDM network element, and the second device is an access network device or an AMF network element, this A-IoT communication method mainly describes the reporting process, usage process, and update process of the first information. The UEreader has a built-in first reader / writer, or in other words, the UEreader has the function of a first reader / writer. It should be noted that if the A-IoT communication method is applied to a 6G communication system, assuming the first device is a UEreader, the third device is a data management network element, and the second device is an access network device or a mobility management network element, the execution steps of the data management network element are similar to those of the UDM network element, and the execution steps of the mobility management network element are similar to those of the AMF network element. For details, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 8 The corresponding embodiment describes the A-IoT communication method, which may include, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0261] like Figure 8 As shown, the A-IoT communication method may include Figure 7 In the corresponding embodiment, S701-S712, S800 can also be executed before S703. For details of S701-S712, please refer to... Figure 7 The detailed descriptions in the corresponding embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0262] S800: The AF network element or A-IoTF network element sends the third A-IoT information, which instructs the first reader / writer to perform the first A-IoT service.

[0263] When an AF (Asynchronous Activated Function) or A-IoTF (Asynchronous Activated Function) network element needs the first reader / writer to perform the first A-IoT service, it can send third A-IoT information to the AMF network element. After receiving the third A-IoT information, the AMF network element can obtain the first information from the UDM (Uniform Activated Function) network element to determine whether the first reader / writer has the authority to perform the first A-IoT service. In this case, the network element using the first information is the AMF network element.

[0264] Alternatively, if the AF (Augmented Front-end) or A-IoTF (Audio-Mobile Front-end) network element needs the first reader / writer to perform the first A-IoT service, it can send third A-IoT information to the AMF network element. Upon receiving the third A-IoT information, the AMF network element can then send third A-IoT information to the access network device. After receiving the third A-IoT information, the access network device can retrieve the first information from the UDM (User Device) network element to determine whether the first reader / writer has the authority to perform the first A-IoT service. Alternatively, if the AF or A-IoTF network element needs the first reader / writer to perform the first A-IoT service, it can send third A-IoT information to the access network device. Upon receiving the third A-IoT information, the access network device can retrieve the first information from the UDM network element to determine whether the first reader / writer has the authority to perform the first A-IoT service. In this case, the network element using the first information is the access network device.

[0265] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 As shown, the communication device 90 includes a processing unit 901 and a communication unit 902. The communication device 90 can perform the relevant steps of the second device in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0266] For the case where the communication device 90 is used to implement the function of the second device in the method embodiment:

[0267] The processing unit 901 is used to obtain first information associated with the first reader / writer, the first information indicating whether the first reader / writer has the permission to execute the first A-IoT service;

[0268] In response to the first information indicating that the first reader has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to send the first A-IoT information, the first A-IoT information indicating that the first reader executes the first A-IoT service.

[0269] In one possible implementation, the first reader / writer having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer agrees to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service; the first reader / writer not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer does not agree to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service.

[0270] In one possible implementation, the first information includes identification information associated with the first information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0271] In one possible implementation, the first information further indicates one or more of the following: the first A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, write service; a first service type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the first service type; a second service type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the second service type; a first device type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the first device type; and a second device type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the second device type.

[0272] In one possible implementation, when the processing unit 901 is used to obtain the first information associated with the first reader / writer, it is specifically used to: call the communication unit 902 to receive the first information associated with the first reader / writer.

[0273] In one possible implementation, the first information comes from a first reader / writer, an access network device, or a core network device.

[0274] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to send request information, the request information including identification information, the request information being used to request the acquisition of first information associated with the identification information, the identification information being used to indicate one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user equipment associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0275] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 901 is also used to store the first information.

[0276] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to receive first indication information, the first indication information indicating that the first information is updated.

[0277] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 901 is also used to call the communication unit 902 to send a subscription request, the subscription request being used to subscribe to the update of the first information.

[0278] In one possible implementation, in response to the updated first information indicating that the first reader does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to send second A-IoT information, the second A-IoT information instructing the first reader to stop executing the first A-IoT service.

[0279] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information includes the updated first information.

[0280] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information comes from the first reader / writer, the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer, the core network equipment, or the access network equipment.

[0281] In one possible implementation, in response to a first information indication that the first reader does not have the authority to perform the first A-IoT service or the first information acquisition fails, the communication unit 902 does not send the first A-IoT information.

[0282] In one possible implementation, in response to the first information indicating that the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to send second indication information, the second indication information indicating an increase in billing for the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer; and / or, in response to the first information indicating that the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to send third indication information, the third indication information indicating a reduction in billing for the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer.

[0283] In one possible implementation, when the processing unit 901 is used to obtain the first information associated with the first reader / writer, it is specifically used to: obtain authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer in response to a configuration or policy instruction from a third party, and obtain the first information associated with the first reader / writer, wherein the third party includes the region to which the first reader / writer belongs or the operator to which the first reader / writer belongs.

[0284] Specifically, in this case, the operations performed by the processing unit 901 and the communication unit 902 can be referred to the description of the second device in the method embodiment.

[0285] For the case where the communication device 90 is used to implement the function of the first device in the method embodiment:

[0286] The processing unit 901 is used to call the communication unit 902 to send the first information associated with the first reader / writer, the first information indicating whether the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service;

[0287] In response to the first reader having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to receive the first A-IoT information, the first A-IoT information instructing the first reader to execute the first A-IoT service;

[0288] The processing unit 901 is also used to execute the first A-IoT service through the first reader / writer.

[0289] In one possible implementation, the first reader / writer having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer agrees to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service; the first reader / writer not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer does not agree to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service.

[0290] In one possible implementation, the first information includes identification information associated with the first information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0291] In one possible implementation, the first information further indicates one or more of the following: the first A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, write service; a first service type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the first service type; a second service type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the second service type; a first device type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the first device type; and a second device type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the second device type.

[0292] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to receive request information, the request information including identification information, the request information being used to request the acquisition of first information associated with the identification information, the identification information being used to indicate one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user equipment associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0293] In one possible implementation, the requested information comes from the access network device or the core network device.

[0294] In one possible implementation, in response to the first reader / writer changing from having permission to execute the first A-IoT service to not having permission to execute the first A-IoT service, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to send first indication information, the first indication information indicating first information update.

[0295] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information includes the updated first information.

[0296] In one possible implementation, in response to the first reader changing from having permission to execute the first A-IoT service to not having permission to execute the first A-IoT service, the processing unit 901 is further configured to stop executing the first A-IoT service through the first reader.

[0297] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 901 is further configured to call the communication unit 902 to receive second A-IoT information, the second A-IoT information instructing the first reader / writer to stop executing the first A-IoT service.

[0298] In one possible implementation, in response to the first reader not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the communication unit 902 does not receive the first A-IoT information.

[0299] In one possible implementation, when the processing unit 901 calls the communication unit 902 to send the first information associated with the first reader / writer, it is specifically used to: obtain authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer in response to a configuration or policy instruction from a third party. The processing unit 901 calls the communication unit 902 to send the first information associated with the first reader / writer, wherein the third party includes the region to which the first reader / writer belongs or the operator to which the first reader / writer belongs.

[0300] Specifically, in this case, the operations performed by the processing unit 901 and the communication unit 902 can be referred to the description of the first device in the method embodiment.

[0301] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 Another communication device 100 is provided for embodiments of this application. It can be used to implement the function of the first device in the above method embodiments, or to implement the function of the second device in the above method embodiments. The communication device 100 may include a transceiver 1001 and a processor 1002; optionally, the communication device may also include a memory 1003. The transceiver 1001, processor 1002, and memory 1003 can be connected via a bus 1004 or other means. Figure 10 The connections between other components are shown in bold lines only and are not intended to be limiting. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 10 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0302] The coupling in this application embodiment is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, used for information exchange between devices, units, or modules. This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the transceiver 1001, processor 1002, and memory 1003.

[0303] Memory 1003 may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to processor 1002. A portion of memory 1003 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).

[0304] The processor 1002 can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), but it can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor; optionally, the processor 1002 can also be any conventional processor.

[0305] In one example, the first device uses Figure 10 In the form shown, transceiver 1001 can execute the method executed by the first device in any of the above method embodiments under the control of processor 1002.

[0306] In one example, when the second device uses Figure 10 In the form shown, transceiver 1001 can execute the method executed by the second device in any of the above method embodiments under the control of processor 1002.

[0307] In one optional implementation, memory 1003 is used to store program instructions; processor 1002 is used to call the program instructions stored in memory 1003 to control transceiver 1001 to execute the steps performed by the first device and the second device in the aforementioned method embodiments. Specifically, Figure 9 The functions / implementation processes of the processing unit and communication unit in the corresponding embodiments can all be achieved through... Figure 10 The processor 1002 in the memory calls the instructions stored in the memory 1003 to execute the computer control transceiver 1001. Or, Figure 9 The function / implementation process of the communication unit in the corresponding embodiment can be achieved through... Figure 10 It is implemented using transceiver 1001.

[0308] In the embodiments of this application, the methods provided in the embodiments of this application can be implemented by running a computer program (including program code) capable of performing the steps involved in the above-described methods on a general-purpose computing device, such as a computer, which includes processing elements and storage elements such as a CPU, random access memory (RAM), and read-only memory (ROM). The computer program can be recorded on, for example, a computer-readable recording medium, loaded into the aforementioned computing device through the computer-readable recording medium, and run therein.

[0309] Based on the same inventive concept, the principle and beneficial effects of the communication device 100 provided in the embodiments of this application in solving the problem are similar to the principle and beneficial effects of the first device and the second device in the method embodiments of this application in solving the problem. For the sake of brevity, the principle and beneficial effects of the method implementation can be referred to.

[0310] The aforementioned communication device (such as communication device 90, communication device 100) may be, for example, a chip or a chip module.

[0311] This application also provides a chip that can execute the relevant steps of the first device and the second device in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0312] For the case where the chip is used to implement the function of the second device in the method embodiment:

[0313] The chip is used to: obtain first information associated with the first reader / writer, the first information indicating whether the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service;

[0314] In response to the first information indicating that the first reader has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the first A-IoT information is sent, which instructs the first reader to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0315] In one possible implementation, the first reader / writer having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer agrees to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service; the first reader / writer not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer does not agree to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service.

[0316] In one possible implementation, the first information includes identification information associated with the first information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0317] In one possible implementation, the first information further indicates one or more of the following: the first A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, write service; a first service type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the first service type; a second service type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the second service type; a first device type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the first device type; and a second device type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the second device type.

[0318] In one possible implementation, when the chip is used to obtain the first information associated with the first reader / writer, it is specifically used to: receive the first information associated with the first reader / writer.

[0319] In one possible implementation, the first information comes from a first reader / writer, an access network device, or a core network device.

[0320] In one possible implementation, the chip is also used to: send request information, the request information including identification information, the request information being used to request first information associated with the identification information, the identification information being used to indicate one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user equipment associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0321] In one possible implementation, the chip is also used to store initial information.

[0322] In one possible implementation, the chip is also used to receive first indication information, which indicates that first information is updated.

[0323] In one possible implementation, the chip is also used to send subscription requests for subscribing to updates to the first information.

[0324] In one possible implementation, in response to an updated first message indicating that the first reader does not have permission to execute the first A-IoT service, the chip is also used to send a second A-IoT message, which instructs the first reader to stop executing the first A-IoT service.

[0325] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information includes the updated first information.

[0326] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information comes from the first reader / writer, the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer, the core network equipment, or the access network equipment.

[0327] In one possible implementation, in response to a first information indication that the first reader does not have the authority to perform the first A-IoT service or the first information acquisition fails, the chip does not send the first A-IoT information.

[0328] In one possible implementation, in response to a first message indicating that the first reader / writer has the authority to perform a first A-IoT service, the chip is further configured to send a second instruction message, the second instruction message indicating an increase in billing for the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer; and / or, in response to a first message indicating that the first reader / writer does not have the authority to perform the first A-IoT service, the chip is further configured to send a third instruction message, the third instruction message indicating a reduction in billing for the user equipment associated with the first reader / writer.

[0329] In one possible implementation, when the chip is used to obtain the first information associated with the first reader / writer, it is specifically used to: obtain authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer in response to a configuration or policy instruction from a third party, and obtain the first information associated with the first reader / writer, wherein the third party includes the region to which the first reader / writer belongs or the operator to which the first reader / writer belongs.

[0330] Specifically, in this case, the operations performed by the chip can be referred to the description of the second device in the method embodiments.

[0331] For the case where the chip is used to implement the function of the first device in the method embodiment:

[0332] The chip is used to: send first information associated with the first reader / writer, the first information indicating whether the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service;

[0333] In response to the first reader having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service, the first A-IoT information is received, and the first A-IoT information instructs the first reader to execute the first A-IoT service;

[0334] The first A-IoT service is executed through the first reader / writer.

[0335] In one possible implementation, the first reader / writer having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer agrees to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service; the first reader / writer not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader / writer does not agree to the first reader / writer executing the first A-IoT service.

[0336] In one possible implementation, the first information includes identification information associated with the first information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user device associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0337] In one possible implementation, the first information further indicates one or more of the following: the first A-IoT service includes one or more of the following: inventory service, read service, write service; a first service type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the first service type; a second service type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute A-IoT services belonging to the second service type; a first device type, wherein the first reader / writer has the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the first device type; and a second device type, wherein the first reader / writer does not have the authority to execute the first A-IoT service for A-IoT devices belonging to the second device type.

[0338] In one possible implementation, the chip is also used to receive request information, which includes identification information. The request information is used to request first information associated with the identification information, which indicates one or more of the following: a first reader / writer, a user equipment associated with the first reader / writer, and a user associated with the first reader / writer.

[0339] In one possible implementation, the requested information comes from the access network device or the core network device.

[0340] In one possible implementation, in response to the first reader / writer changing from having permission to perform the first A-IoT service to not having permission to perform the first A-IoT service, the chip is also used to send first indication information, the first indication information indicating a first information update.

[0341] In one possible implementation, the first instruction information includes the updated first information.

[0342] In one possible implementation, in response to the first reader changing from having permission to execute the first A-IoT service to not having permission to execute the first A-IoT service, the chip is also used to stop the execution of the first A-IoT service through the first reader.

[0343] In one possible implementation, the chip is also used to receive second A-IoT information, which instructs the first reader to stop executing the first A-IoT service.

[0344] In one possible implementation, the chip does not receive the first A-IoT information in response to the first reader not having the authority to execute the first A-IoT service.

[0345] In one possible implementation, when the chip is used to send the first information associated with the first reader / writer, it is specifically used to: obtain authorization from the user associated with the first reader / writer in response to a configuration or policy instruction from a third party, and send the first information associated with the first reader / writer, wherein the third party includes the region to which the first reader / writer belongs or the operator to which the first reader / writer belongs.

[0346] Specifically, in this case, the operations performed by the chip can be referred to the description of the first device in the method embodiments.

[0347] In one possible implementation, the chip includes at least one processor, at least one first memory, and at least one second memory; wherein the at least one first memory and the at least one processor are interconnected by a circuit, and the first memory stores instructions; the at least one second memory and the at least one processor are interconnected by a circuit, and the second memory stores data that needs to be stored in the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0348] For each device or product applied to or integrated into a chip, each of its modules can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, or at least some modules can be implemented using software programs that run on a processor integrated inside the chip, while the remaining (if any) modules can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits.

[0349] Based on the same inventive concept, the principle and beneficial effects of the chip provided in the embodiments of this application in solving the problem are similar to the principle and beneficial effects of the first device and the second device in the method embodiments of this application in solving the problem. For the sake of brevity, the principle and beneficial effects of the method implementation can be referred to.

[0350] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a chip module provided in an embodiment of this application. The chip module 110 can execute the relevant steps of the first device and the second device in the aforementioned method embodiments. The chip module 110 includes a communication interface 1101 and a chip 1102.

[0351] The communication interface is used for internal communication within the chip module or for communication between the chip module and external devices. The chip is used to implement the functions of the first and second devices in the embodiments of this application, as detailed in the foregoing embodiments. Optionally, the chip module 110 may further include a storage module 1103 and a power module 1104. The storage module 1103 is used to store data and instructions. The power module 1104 is used to provide power to the chip module.

[0352] For various devices and products applied to or integrated into chip modules, each of its modules can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components of the chip module. Alternatively, at least some modules can be implemented using software programs that run on the processor integrated inside the chip module, while the remaining (if any) modules can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits.

[0353] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program including one or more program instructions, the one or more program instructions being adapted to be loaded by a communication device and executed by the method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0354] This application also provides a computer program product containing a computer program or instructions, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method provided in the above-described method embodiments.

[0355] This application also provides a communication system, which may include the first device and the second device described in the foregoing method embodiments. Optionally, the communication system may further include a third device. The first device may be a reader / writer, a terminal device, or a terminal device with reader / writer functionality. The second device may be a core network device or an access network device. The third device may be a core network device or an access network device.

[0356] Regarding the modules / units included in the various devices and products described in the above embodiments, they can be software modules / units, hardware modules / units, or a combination of both. For example, for various devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip, all of their modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using software programs that run on a processor integrated within the chip, while the remaining (if any) modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits; for various devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip module, all of their modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, and different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components of the chip module, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. The components can be implemented using software programs that run on the processor integrated within the chip module. The remaining (if any) modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For various devices and products applied to or integrated into the terminal, each of its components / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or in different components within the terminal. Alternatively, at least some modules / units can be implemented using software programs that run on the processor integrated within the terminal, while the remaining (if any) modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits.

[0357] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0358] The steps in the method of this application embodiment can be adjusted, combined, or deleted according to actual needs.

[0359] The modules in the device of this application embodiment can be merged, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.

[0360] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by program instructions and related hardware. The program instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: flash drive, ROM, RAM, disk or optical disk, etc.

[0361] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely one example of this application and only a part of the embodiments of this application. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method of Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication, comprising: The method comprises: obtaining first information associated with a first reader, the first information indicating whether the first reader has a permission to perform a first A-IoT service; in response to the first information indicating that the first reader has the permission to perform the first A-IoT service, sending first A-IoT information, the first A-IoT information indicating that the first reader performs the first A-IoT service.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first reader having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service means that a user associated with the first reader agrees that the first reader performs the first A-IoT service; the first reader not having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service means that the user associated with the first reader does not agree that the first reader performs the first A-IoT service.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the first information comprises identification information associated with the first information, the identification information being used to indicate one or more of: the first reader, a user equipment associated with the first reader, a user associated with the first reader.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, the first information further indicates one or more of: the first A-IoT service comprises one or more of: an inventory service, a read service, a write service; a first service type, the first reader having the permission to perform an A-IoT service belonging to the first service type; a second service type, the first reader not having the permission to perform an A-IoT service belonging to the second service type; a first device type, wherein the first reader has the permission to perform the first A-IoT service for an A-IoT device belonging to the first device type; a second device type, wherein the first reader does not have the permission to perform the first A-IoT service for an A-IoT device belonging to the second device type.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the first information is from the first reader, an access network device, or a core network device.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein, The method further comprises: storing the first information.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method further comprises: receiving first indication information, the first indication information indicating that the first information is updated.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The method further comprises: sending a subscription request, the subscription request being used to subscribe to the update of the first information.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The method further comprises: in response to the updated first information indicating that the first reader does not have the permission to perform the first A-IoT service, sending second A-IoT information, the second A-IoT information indicating that the first reader stops performing the first A-IoT service.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, the first indication information comprises the updated first information.

11. The method according to any one of claims 7-10, characterized in that, the first indication information is from the first reader, a user equipment associated with the first reader, a core network device, or an access network device.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The method further comprises: in response to the first information indicating that the first reader does not have the permission to perform the first A-IoT service or the first information acquisition fails, not sending the first A-IoT information.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The method further comprises: in response to the first information indicating that the first reader has the permission to perform the first A-IoT service, sending second indication information, the second indication information indicating to increase charging for a user equipment associated with the first reader; and / or, in response to the first information indicating that the first reader does not have the permission to perform the first A-IoT service, sending third indication information, the third indication information indicating to decrease charging for a user equipment associated with the first reader.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The first information associated with the first reader is obtained, including: in response to a configuration or a policy of a third party indicating to obtain authorization of a user associated with the first reader, obtaining the first information associated with the first reader, wherein the third party includes a region to which the first reader belongs or an operator to which the first reader belongs. 15.An Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication method, comprising: The method includes: sending first information associated with a first reader, the first information indicating whether the first reader has a permission to perform a first A-IoT service; in response to the first reader having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service, receiving first A-IoT information, the first A-IoT information indicating that the first reader performs the first A-IoT service; performing the first A-IoT service by the first reader.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first reader having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service indicates that a user associated with the first reader agrees that the first reader performs the first A-IoT service; the first reader not having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service indicates that the user associated with the first reader does not agree that the first reader performs the first A-IoT service.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The first information includes identification information associated with the first information, the identification information being used to indicate one or more of: the first reader, a user equipment associated with the first reader, a user associated with the first reader.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized by, The first information further indicates one or more of: The first A-IoT service includes one or more of: inventory service, read service, write service; a first service type, the first reader having the permission to perform an A-IoT service belonging to the first service type; a second service type, the first reader not having the permission to perform an A-IoT service belonging to the second service type; a first device type, wherein for an A-IoT device belonging to the first device type, the first reader has the permission to perform the first A-IoT service; a second device type, wherein for an A-IoT device belonging to the second device type, the first reader does not have the permission to perform the first A-IoT service.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15-18, characterized in that, The method further includes: receiving request information, the request information comprising identification information, the request information being used to request to obtain the first information associated with the identification information, the identification information being used to indicate one or more of: the first reader-writer, a user equipment associated with the first reader-writer, a user associated with the first reader-writer.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The request information is from an access network device or a core network device.

21. The method according to any one of claims 15-20, characterized in that, The method further comprises: in response to the first reader-writer changing from having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service to not having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service, sending first indication information, the first indication information indicating the first information update.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The first indication information comprises the updated first information.

23. The method according to any one of claims 15-22, characterized in that, The method further comprises: in response to the first reader-writer changing from having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service to not having the permission to perform the first A-IoT service, stopping the first A-IoT service from being performed by the first reader-writer.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, The method further comprises: receiving second A-IoT information, the second A-IoT information indicating that the first reader-writer stops performing the first A-IoT service.

25. The method according to any one of claims 15-24, characterized by, The sending of the first information associated with the first reader-writer comprises: in response to a configuration or a policy of a third party indicating to obtain authorization of a user associated with the first reader-writer, sending the first information associated with the first reader-writer, wherein the third party comprises a region to which the first reader-writer belongs or an operator to which the first reader-writer belongs.

26. A communications device, characterized by The chip is configured to implement the method in any one of claims 1-25.

27. A communications device, characterized by The chip is configured to implement the method in any one of claims 1-25.

28. A chip, characterized by The chip is configured to implement the method in any one of claims 1-25.

29. A chip module, characterized by The chip module comprises a communication interface and a chip, wherein the communication interface is configured to perform internal communication of the chip module or to perform communication between the chip module and an external device, and the chip is configured to implement the method in any one of claims 1-25.

30. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program comprises program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the method in any one of claims 1-25 to be performed. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program comprises program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the method in any one of claims 1-25 to be performed.

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