Graded buffering type steel structure unloading adjusting device and method
By combining components such as irregularly shaped steel plates, spring steel sheets, and gradient grids, the problems of insufficient graded response and stress concentration in existing steel structure unloading buffer devices are solved, realizing graded buffering and efficient load unloading, and improving the service life and reliability of the device under complex working conditions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511806072.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing steel structure unloading buffer devices suffer from problems such as a single buffering mechanism, insufficient graded response, stress concentration, poor synergy of composite structures, and low efficiency of nested and grid structures, making them difficult to adapt to complex variable load scenarios.
It employs components such as irregularly shaped steel plates, L-shaped angle steel connectors, fixed bases, spring steel sheets, bowl-shaped outer steel shells, and square gradient grid steel plates. Through four graded mechanisms—geometric deformation, friction-elastic composite, nested steel shells, and gradient grids—it achieves precise load matching and graded buffering.
It achieves sensitive response under light loads, coordinated buffering under medium loads, and efficient unloading under heavy loads, avoiding stress concentration, extending device life, and improving reliability and buffering efficiency under complex working conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN121295840A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of steel structure engineering, and particularly relates to a hierarchical buffer type steel structure unloading adjusting device and method. BACKGROUND
[0002] At present, in steel structure engineering, dynamic transmission and unloading of load are key links to guarantee the safety of structure. The existing steel structure unloading buffer device mainly realizes buffering through a single mechanism (such as elastic deformation, friction energy dissipation, and rigid support), and the design has the following limitations: the buffering mechanism is single, and the hierarchical response is insufficient: traditional devices mainly rely on single elastic components (such as springs) or single friction pairs, and cannot realize hierarchical buffering according to the magnitude of load (small load, medium load, and large load). For example, small load is easy to cause excessive deformation due to insufficient stiffness of elastic components, and large load is easy to cause buffering failure due to limited friction energy dissipation, which is difficult to adapt to complex variable load scenarios. The structure design is unreasonable, and stress concentration is significant: the transition between the thick and thin sections of part of the geometric deformation type buffer device is designed with a right angle or an acute angle, which causes stress concentration when the load is transmitted, and is easy to cause fatigue cracks during long-term use, thereby reducing the service life of the structure. The composite structure has poor cooperativity: in the friction-elastic composite device, the initial gap control precision of the friction block and the elastic steel sheet is low, the friction block is in contact with the base (interferes with elastic deformation) in advance under small load, and the friction energy dissipation lags under large load due to the large gap, so that the cooperativity of "elastic response first and friction intervention later" cannot be formed. The nested and grid structure has low efficiency: the adhesion degree of the inner and outer steel shells of the existing nested steel shell device is greatly affected by installation errors, and is easy to cause "multi-stage stress at the same time" or "hierarchical failure"; the grid density of the grid type buffer structure is uniform, and the gradient stress from the center to the edge cannot be realized, thereby causing low overall buffering efficiency.
[0003] The present application aims to solve the technical problems in the background art, and to provide a hierarchical buffer type steel structure unloading adjusting device and method.
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the inventors have summarized and obtained the technical scheme of the present application through practice. The present application discloses a hierarchical buffer type steel structure unloading adjusting device, which comprises a special-shaped steel plate, L-shaped angle steel connecting pieces, a fixed base, spring steel sheets, a bowl-shaped outer layer steel shell, a square gradient grid steel plate, connecting strength bolts, angle steel bolts, slope arc extension plate fixing bolts, slope arc extension plates, a bowl-shaped inner layer steel shell, and L-shaped supports. The special-shaped steel plate is in a strip shape, the two ends of the special-shaped steel plate are thick sections, the middle part is a thin section, and the thin section and the thick sections are connected through a circular arc. The two thick sections of the special-shaped steel plate are rigidly connected with two L-shaped angle steel connecting pieces respectively, the middle thin section of the special-shaped steel plate is suspended, and load acts on the midpoint of the middle thin section of the special-shaped steel plate.
[0005] As a preferred technical scheme of the present application, one end of the spring steel sheet is vertically welded at the edge of the fixed base, the other end is upturned and forms an angle of 30° with the horizontal direction, the bottom of the free end of the spring steel sheet is connected with a friction block through a bolt, the bottom surface of the friction block is provided with a gap with the upper surface of the fixed base, and the sliding direction of the friction block is consistent with the deformation direction of the spring steel sheet; a limiting block is welded on the fixed base, and the limiting block is located on the side of the friction block away from the fixed end of the spring steel sheet.
[0006] As a preferred technical scheme of the present application, the bowl-shaped inner layer steel shell is nested in the bowl-shaped outer layer steel shell, the bottom of the bowl-shaped outer layer steel shell is welded and fixed with the L-shaped support, the bottom of the bowl-shaped inner layer steel shell is not fixed and only adheres to the inner wall of the bowl-shaped outer layer steel shell by gravity, a load acts on the center of the top of the bowl-shaped inner layer steel shell, and a gap for the special-shaped steel plate and the bowl-shaped inner layer steel shell is reserved between the top of the bowl-shaped inner layer steel shell and the lower surface of the special-shaped steel plate.
[0007] As a preferred technical scheme of the present application, the square gradient grid steel plate is in a flat plate shape, outer edge hexagonal grid slopes are distributed on the surface of the square gradient grid steel plate, and a central area grid is arranged in the middle part, the side length of the central area grid gradually increases towards the edge, the four peripheral edges of the square gradient grid steel plate are welded with four angle steel fixing members, and a gap for the square gradient grid steel plate and the special-shaped steel plate is reserved between the square gradient grid steel plate and the special-shaped steel plate.
[0008] As a preferred technical scheme of the present application, the special-shaped steel plate comprises a circular arc surface transition section of the special-shaped steel plate and a rectangular thick section of the special-shaped steel plate, the circular arc surface transition section of the special-shaped steel plate connects the thin section and the thick section of the special-shaped steel plate, the rectangular thick section of the special-shaped steel plate is rigidly connected with the L-shaped angle steel connector through a connecting strength bolt, a reinforcing bolt is arranged at the connection between the rectangular thick section of the special-shaped steel plate and the L-shaped angle steel connector, and the reinforcing bolt penetrates both in a direction perpendicular to the connecting surface and is distributed in intervals with the connecting strength bolt.
[0009] As a preferred technical scheme of the present application, the slope arc extension plate is fixed on the rectangular thick section of the special-shaped steel plate through a slope arc extension plate fixing bolt, and the arc surface of the slope arc extension plate is smoothly connected with the circular arc surface transition section of the special-shaped steel plate.
[0010] As a preferred technical scheme of the present application, the L-shaped support is provided with an L-shaped support adjusting bolt, the L-shaped support adjusting bolt penetrates the horizontal section of the L-shaped support in the vertical direction, and the end thereof abuts against the bottom of the bowl-shaped outer layer steel shell.
[0011] As a preferred technical scheme of the present application, the fixed base is provided with a fixed threaded insertion rod, the fixed threaded insertion rod extends vertically upward and penetrates the through hole formed in the free end of the spring steel bending section of the spring steel sheet.
[0012] The application also discloses a use method of the hierarchical buffering type steel structure unloading adjusting device, and the hierarchical buffering type steel structure unloading adjusting device comprises the following components:
[0013] When the load acts on the middle point of the thin section, the thin section will first generate significant bending deformation due to the small thickness and low rigidity, and most of the load energy is absorbed through deformation; as the load increases, the deformation of the thin section reaches a certain degree, and the force is transmitted to the thick sections at both ends through the arc transition section; the thick sections generate only a small amount of deformation due to the large thickness and high rigidity, and the remaining load is transmitted to the L-shaped angle steel connecting piece and the steel structure main body through the rigidity of the thick sections;
[0014] When a small load is borne, the spring steel sheet first generates bending deformation due to the inclination angle of the free end and the elasticity of the spring steel sheet, and the load energy is absorbed through the elastic potential energy; at this time, the friction block does not contact the base due to the gap;
[0015] When the load increases to exceed the initial elastic bearing range of the spring steel sheet, the bending degree of the spring steel sheet increases, the friction block overcomes the gap and contacts the upper surface of the fixed base and generates relative sliding, and a large amount of load energy is consumed through the friction of the contact surface, and the spring steel sheet continues to deform to provide elastic buffering;
[0016] When the load acts on the top of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell, the inner steel shell will first generate downward extrusion deformation due to the unfixed and light quality, and the load is dispersed through the arc of the shell and transmitted to the bowl-shaped outer steel shell; as the load increases, the outer steel shell starts to bear the load when the deformation of the inner steel shell reaches the limit, and the fixed rigidity of the outer layer and the deformation capacity of the inner layer are used to jointly bear the load;
[0017] When the load acts on the upper surface of the steel plate at any position, the bending deformation will first occur in the central area grid with the smallest rigidity, and the load energy is absorbed through the cooperative deformation of the dense grid; as the load is transmitted to the periphery, the outer edge hexagonal grid slope of the sparse grid at the edge gradually participates in the force and bears part of the load due to the high rigidity.
[0018] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
[0019] 1. Through the four hierarchical mechanisms of geometric deformation, friction-elasticity composite, nested steel shell and gradient grid, the precise matching of "small load sensitive response, medium load cooperative buffering and large load efficient unloading" is realized; when a small load is borne, the thin section of the special-shaped steel plate, the elasticity of the spring steel sheet and the dense section in the center of the grid preferentially respond; when a large load is borne, the thick section rigidity, friction energy dissipation, outer steel shell and sparse section at the edge of the grid cooperatively bear the load, thereby solving the problem of "narrow adaptation range" of the traditional single mechanism.
[0020] 2. By the arc transition section of the special-shaped steel plate and the reinforcing bolt, stress concentration is eliminated, and fatigue cracks are avoided; the composite mechanism of the friction block and the spring steel sheet disperses load energy, reduces the loss of single components, the hierarchical bearing of the nested steel shell and the surface diffusion unloading of the gradient grid reduce the risk of local overload, and the service life of the device is greatly prolonged.
[0021] 3. By thickness, grid density, diameter and spatial relationship, "load automatic trigger hierarchical buffer" can be realized, without external control system, simplifying the structure while improving the reliability under complex working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.
[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the main body of the present application;
[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application from the side view;
[0025] Figure 3 is a specific schematic diagram of the structure of the special-shaped steel plate and the bowl-shaped outer steel shell of the present application;
[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the space between the square gradient grid steel plate and the special-shaped steel plate and the space between the special-shaped steel plate and the bowl-shaped inner steel shell of the present application;
[0027] Figure 5 is a specific schematic diagram of the structure on the spring steel sheet of the present application;
[0028] Figure 6 is a specific schematic diagram of the square gradient grid steel plate, the special-shaped steel plate and the bowl-shaped outer steel shell of the present application.
[0029] In the figure: 1, special-shaped steel plate; 2, L-shaped angle steel connecting piece; 3, fixed base; 4, spring steel sheet; 5, bowl-shaped outer layer steel shell; 6, square gradient grid steel plate; 7, connecting strength bolt; 8, angle steel bolt; 9, slope arc extension plate fixing bolt; 10, arc surface transition section of special-shaped steel plate; 11, rectangular thick section of special-shaped steel plate; 12, friction block; 13, free end of spring steel sheet bending section; 14, fixed threaded insertion rod; 15, limiting block; 16, reinforcing bolt; 17, central area grid; 18, outer edge hexagonal grid slope; 19, slope arc extension plate; 20, bowl-shaped inner layer steel shell; 21, L-shaped support; 22, gap between square gradient grid steel plate and special-shaped steel plate; 23, gap between special-shaped steel plate and bowl-shaped inner layer steel shell; 24, L-shaped support adjusting bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not used to limit the present application.
[0031] The application principles of the present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0032] Please refer to Figures 1-6This invention provides a graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device, including an irregularly shaped steel plate 1, an L-shaped angle steel connector 2, a fixed base 3, a spring steel sheet 4, a bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5, a square gradient grid steel plate 6, a connecting strength bolt 7, an angle steel bolt 8, a slope arc extension plate fixing bolt 9, a slope arc extension plate 19, a bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20, and an L-shaped bracket 21. The irregularly shaped steel plate 1 is long and narrow, with thick sections at both ends and a thin section in the middle, and the thin and thick sections are connected by an arc. The thick sections at both ends of the irregularly shaped steel plate 1 are rigidly connected to two L-shaped angle steel connectors 2, and the thin section in the middle of the irregularly shaped steel plate 1 is suspended. The load is applied to the midpoint of the thin section in the middle of the irregularly shaped steel plate 1. One end of the spring steel sheet 4 is vertically welded to the edge of the fixed base 3, and the other end is curved upwards at a 30° angle to the horizontal. A friction block 12 is bolted to the bottom of the free end of the spring steel sheet 4. A gap is reserved between the bottom surface of the friction block 12 and the upper surface of the fixed base 3. The sliding direction of the friction block 12 is consistent with the deformation direction of the spring steel sheet 4. A limit block 15 is welded on the fixed base 3. The limit block 15 is located on the side of the friction block 12 away from the fixed end of the spring steel sheet 4. The bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20 is nested inside the bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5. The bottom of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5 is welded and fixed to the L-shaped bracket 21. The bottom of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20 is not fixed and only adheres to the inner wall of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5 by its own weight. The load is applied to the center of the top of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20. A gap 23 is reserved between the top of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20 and the lower surface of the irregular steel plate 1. The square gradient grid steel plate 6 is flat. Its surface has hexagonal grid slopes 18 along its outer edges and a central area grid 17, with the side length of the central area grid 17 gradually increasing towards the edge. The four edges of the square gradient grid steel plate 6 are welded to four angle steel fasteners. A gap 22 is reserved between the square gradient grid steel plate 6 and the irregular-shaped steel plate 1. The irregular-shaped steel plate 1 includes a curved transition section 10 and a rectangular thick section 11. The curved transition section 10 connects the thin and thick sections of the irregular-shaped steel plate 1. The rectangular thick section 11 is rigidly connected to the L-shaped angle steel connector 2 via connecting strength bolts 7. Reinforcing bolts 16 are provided at the connection between the rectangular thick section 11 and the L-shaped angle steel connector 2, penetrating both sections perpendicular to the connection surface and spaced apart from the connecting strength bolts 7. The sloping arc extension plate 19 is fixed to the rectangular thick section 11 of the irregular steel plate 1 by the sloping arc extension plate fixing bolt 9, and the arc surface of the sloping arc extension plate 19 is smoothly connected to the arc transition section 10 of the irregular steel plate 1. The L-shaped bracket 21 is provided with an L-shaped bracket adjusting bolt 24, which penetrates the horizontal section of the L-shaped bracket 21 in the vertical direction, and its end abuts against the bottom of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5. The fixed base 3 is provided with a fixing threaded rod 14, which extends vertically upward and penetrates the through hole opened at the free end 13 of the bent section of the spring steel sheet 4.
[0033] Specifically, the core of this structure is a one-piece molded irregular-shaped steel plate 1, which achieves graded buffering through a precisely designed thickness gradient: the steel plate has rectangular thick sections 11 at both ends, with a relatively large thickness of 5-8mm, and a thin section in the middle, with a thickness of only 1-2mm. The thin and thick sections are smoothly connected by a rounded transition section 10, completely eliminating the potential stress concentration caused by right angle or sharp angle transitions. The rectangular thick sections 11 of the irregular-shaped steel plate 1 are rigidly fixed to the L-shaped angle steel connectors 2 by connecting strength bolts 7, and additional reinforcing bolts 16 are set at the connection, which are distributed at intervals along the direction perpendicular to the connection surface and the connecting strength bolts 7, further enhancing the stability of the fixed ends, forming a simply supported beam mechanical model of "rigid constraint at both ends and suspension of the thin section in the middle".
[0034] When the load is applied to the midpoint of the thin section, due to the small thickness and low stiffness of the thin section, significant bending deformation will occur first, absorbing most of the load energy through deformation. As the load increases, after the deformation of the thin section reaches a certain level, the force is transmitted to the thick sections at both ends through the arc transition section 10. Due to the large thickness and high stiffness of the thick sections, only a small amount of deformation occurs, and the remaining load is transmitted to the L-shaped angle steel connector 2 and the main steel structure through its own rigidity.
[0035] Throughout the process, the thickness difference between the thin and thick sections establishes a clear "deformation priority," achieving a graded response where "small loads rely on the deformation of the thin section, while large loads rely on the rigid bearing capacity of the thick section." This solves the problem of "insensitive response to small loads and easy breakage under large loads" in traditional single-thickness steel plates. Furthermore, the connection reliability is enhanced by reinforcing bolts 16, achieving a smooth transition of load from "elastic deformation absorption" to "rigid transmission." At the same time, it avoids structural fatigue damage caused by stress concentration, significantly improving the buffer life and safety of the device under variable load conditions.
[0036] Specifically, one end of the spring steel sheet 4 is vertically welded to the edge of the fixed base 3 to form a fixed end, and the other end is tilted upwards and keeps a 30° angle with the horizontal direction to form a free end with a preset elastic potential energy. The bottom of the free end is connected to the friction block 12 by bolts. The bottom surface of the friction block 12 and the upper surface of the fixed base 3 are reserved with a precise gap of 0.1-0.2mm. The fixed base 3 is provided with a fixed threaded rod 14, which vertically penetrates the through hole of the free end 13 of the bent section of the spring steel sheet to limit the excessive deformation of the steel sheet.
[0037] When subjected to a small load, the spring steel sheet 4 first undergoes bending deformation due to the tilt angle of its free end and its own elasticity, absorbing the load energy through elastic potential energy. At this time, the friction block 12 does not contact the base due to the gap, ensuring sensitive response under small loads.
[0038] When the load increases beyond the initial elastic bearing capacity of the spring steel sheet 4, the bending degree of the steel sheet increases, and the friction block 12 overcomes the gap and contacts the upper surface of the fixed base 3, generating relative sliding. A large amount of load energy is consumed through the friction of the contact surface, while the continuous deformation of the spring steel sheet 4 provides elastic buffering, forming a composite mechanism of "elasticity first, friction following". The limiting block 15 limits the maximum sliding distance of the friction block 12 to prevent structural failure caused by excessive displacement. Through the graded synergy of elasticity and friction, the defects of "easy overload under large loads" of single elastic buffering and "no response under small loads" of single friction buffering are solved: under small loads, sensitive buffering is achieved by the rapid elastic deformation of the spring steel sheet; under large loads, the combined effect of friction energy consumption and elastic deformation greatly improves the unloading capacity and adaptability of the device. The setting of the fixed threaded rod 14 further ensures the stability of the structure under extreme loads.
[0039] Specifically, the core is a coaxial nested combination of a bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20 and a bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5. The bottom of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5 is welded and fixed to the L-shaped bracket 21 to ensure overall stability; the bottom of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20 is not fixed, but relies on its own weight to adhere to the inner wall of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5, forming a relatively sliding nested relationship. An 8-12mm gap 23 is reserved between the top of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20 and the lower surface of the irregular steel plate 1 to avoid mutual interference in the initial state. The L-shaped bracket 21 is equipped with an L-shaped bracket adjusting bolt 24, which penetrates the horizontal section of the bracket vertically and abuts against the bottom of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell 5, allowing for fine adjustment of the outer steel shell height to ensure the fitting accuracy between the inner and outer layers.
[0040] When a load is applied to the top of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell 20, the inner steel shell, being unfixed and lightweight, will first undergo downward compressive deformation. The load is dispersed through the curvature of the shell itself and transmitted to the outer bowl-shaped steel shell 5. As the load increases, once the inner steel shell reaches its deformation limit, the outer steel shell begins to bear the load. The outer shell's fixed stiffness and the inner shell's deformation capacity work together to support the load. Through the hierarchical design of the nested structure, a gradual transition of the load from "independent buffering of the inner layer" to "coordinated bearing by the inner and outer layers" is achieved, avoiding the problem of localized damage to a single steel shell due to concentrated load. The spacing 23 ensures that the inner steel shell can independently complete the initial buffering, while the adjusting bolts guarantee the nesting accuracy, significantly improving the device's ability to unload impact loads in stages.
[0041] Specifically, the core is a square gradient grid steel plate 6, whose surface is distributed with hexagonal grids of gradually decreasing density from the center to the edge: the grid 17 in the central area has a side length of only 5mm, the grid is dense and has low stiffness, transitioning to the outer edge with a hexagonal grid slope 18, the grid side length gradually increases to 15mm, the grid is sparse and has high stiffness. The four edges of the steel plate are welded to four angle steel fasteners to form a flat plate structure that is "fixed on all four sides and suspended in the middle", and a 10-15mm gap 22 is reserved between the steel plate and the irregular steel plate 1 to ensure that it has independent deformation space.
[0042] When a load is applied to any position on the upper surface of the steel plate, the central area (grid 17) with the lowest stiffness will first undergo bending deformation, absorbing load energy through the coordinated deformation of the dense grid. As the load is transmitted to the surrounding areas, the hexagonal grid slopes 18 at the outer edges, with their higher stiffness, gradually participate in the stress and bear part of the load, forming a gradient response mode of "deformation first at the center, followed by coordinated deformation at the edges." The load is smoothly transmitted from the point of application to the fixed end through the difference in grid density. By designing the gradient of grid density, the problem of "local stress concentration and low overall buffering efficiency" in traditional uniformly distributed grid steel plates is solved: the dense grid at the center ensures a sensitive response under small loads, while the sparse grid at the edges enhances the overall bearing capacity under large loads. The spacing 22 avoids interference with other structures, achieving efficient unloading from "point stress" to "area diffusion," significantly improving the overall buffering efficiency and structural stability of the device.
[0043] In this invention,
[0044] The tiered response is achieved through geometric deformation of irregularly shaped steel plates: The integrally formed irregularly shaped steel plate has a thick section of 5-8mm, a thin section of 1-2mm, and a circular arc transition section. The thick sections at both ends are rigidly fixed to the plates with bolts and connectors to form a simply supported beam structure. Under load, the thin section in the middle, due to its low stiffness, deforms significantly first to absorb energy. Under large loads, the force is transferred to the thick section through the circular arc transition section. The thick section then rigidly bears the load, thus utilizing the thickness difference to achieve a tiered response where "small loads rely on the deformation of the thin section, and large loads rely on the bearing capacity of the thick section."
[0045] The system employs a composite grading mechanism of spring steel sheet and friction block: one end of the spring steel sheet is fixed, while the other end is tilted upwards at a 30° angle to the horizontal. The free end connects to the friction block and the base, leaving a 0.1-0.2mm gap. Under light loads, the elastic deformation of the steel sheet provides individual buffering. As the load increases, the friction block slides against the base, generating frictional energy that dissipates the energy. This friction, combined with the deformation of the steel sheet, helps to unload the load. The limiting block restricts the sliding distance, forming a composite grading mechanism of "elasticity first, friction following".
[0046] The system employs a bowl-shaped nested steel shell tiering method: an inner bowl-shaped steel shell is nested within an outer steel shell, with the outer shell fixed to a support frame. The inner shell, relying on its own weight, adheres to the inner wall of the outer shell, leaving an 8-12mm gap between itself and the irregularly shaped steel plate. When a load is applied to the top of the inner shell, it deforms first to transmit the force. As the load increases, the outer steel shell participates in bearing the load, utilizing the diameter difference to achieve a nested tiered load-bearing system where the inner shell buffers first, and the outer shell then works in tandem.
[0047] The steel plate is graded using a square gradient grid: the grid on the surface of the steel plate gradually becomes sparser from 5mm at the center to 15mm at the edge, and is fixed around the perimeter to form a suspended structure with a 10-15mm gap between it and the irregularly shaped steel plate. Under load, the denser grid at the center deforms and absorbs energy first due to its lower stiffness. As the load is transferred to the edge, the sparser grid gradually bears the load, achieving a gradient buffer of "responding first at the center and cooperating with the edge in bearing the force" through density difference.
[0048] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.
[0049] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A graded buffer type steel structure unloading and adjustment device, characterized in that: It includes irregular steel plate (1), L-shaped angle steel connector (2), fixed base (3), spring steel sheet (4), bowl-shaped outer steel shell (5), square gradient grid steel plate (6), connecting strength bolt (7), angle steel bolt (8), slope arc extension plate fixing bolt (9), slope arc extension plate (19), bowl-shaped inner steel shell (20), and L-shaped bracket (21). The irregular steel plate (1) is long and narrow. The two ends of the irregular steel plate (1) are thick sections and the middle section is thin section. The thin section and the thick section are connected by an arc. The thick sections at both ends of the irregular steel plate (1) are rigidly connected to two L-shaped angle steel connectors (2). The thin section in the middle of the irregular steel plate (1) is suspended. The load is applied to the midpoint of the thin section in the middle of the irregular steel plate (1).
2. The graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the spring steel sheet (4) is vertically welded to the edge of the fixed base (3), and the other end is raised upward at a 30° angle to the horizontal direction. A friction block (12) is bolted to the bottom of the free end of the spring steel sheet (4). A gap is reserved between the bottom surface of the friction block (12) and the upper surface of the fixed base (3). The sliding direction of the friction block (12) is consistent with the deformation direction of the spring steel sheet (4). A limit block (15) is welded on the fixed base (3). The limit block (15) is located on the side of the friction block (12) away from the fixed end of the spring steel sheet (4).
3. The graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bowl-shaped inner steel shell (20) is nested inside the bowl-shaped outer steel shell (5). The bottom of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell (5) is welded and fixed to the L-shaped bracket (21). The bottom of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell (20) is not fixed and only adheres to the inner wall of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell (5) by its own weight. The load is applied to the center of the top of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell (20). A gap (23) is reserved between the top of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell (20) and the lower surface of the irregular steel plate (1).
4. The graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The square gradient grid steel plate (6) is flat. The surface of the square gradient grid steel plate (6) is distributed with hexagonal grid slopes (18) on the outer edge, and a central area grid (17) is provided in the middle. The side length of the central area grid (17) gradually increases towards the edge. The four edges of the square gradient grid steel plate (6) are welded to four angle steel fasteners. A gap (22) is reserved between the square gradient grid steel plate (6) and the irregular steel plate (1).
5. The graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The irregular steel plate (1) includes an arc transition section (10) and a rectangular thick section (11). The arc transition section (10) connects the thin section and the thick section of the irregular steel plate (1). The rectangular thick section (11) and the L-shaped angle steel connector (2) are rigidly connected by a connecting strength bolt (7). A reinforcing bolt (16) is provided at the connection between the rectangular thick section (11) and the L-shaped angle steel connector (2). The reinforcing bolt (16) passes through both in a direction perpendicular to the connection surface and is distributed at intervals with the connecting strength bolt (7).
6. The graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope arc extension plate (19) is fixed to the rectangular thick section (11) of the irregular steel plate (1) by the slope arc extension plate fixing bolt (9), and the arc surface of the slope arc extension plate (19) is smoothly connected to the arc transition section (10) of the irregular steel plate (1).
7. The graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The L-shaped bracket (21) is provided with an L-shaped bracket adjusting bolt (24), which penetrates the horizontal section of the L-shaped bracket (21) in the vertical direction, and its end abuts against the bottom of the bowl-shaped outer steel shell (5).
8. The graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed base (3) is provided with a fixed threaded rod (14), which extends vertically upward and passes through the through hole opened at the free end (13) of the bent section of the spring steel sheet (4).
9. A method of using a graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device, comprising the graded buffer type steel structure unloading adjustment device as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: When a load is applied to the midpoint of the thin section, due to the small thickness and low stiffness of the thin section, significant bending deformation will occur first, absorbing most of the load energy through deformation. As the load increases, after the deformation of the thin section reaches a certain level, the force is transmitted to the thick sections at both ends through the arc transition section. Due to the large thickness and high stiffness of the thick sections, only a small amount of deformation occurs, and the remaining load is transmitted to the L-shaped angle steel connector and the main steel structure through its own rigidity. When subjected to a small load, the spring steel sheet first undergoes bending deformation due to the tilt angle of the free end and its own elasticity, absorbing the load energy through elastic potential energy. At this time, the friction block does not contact the base due to the gap. When the load increases to exceed the initial elastic bearing capacity of the spring steel sheet, the bending of the steel sheet increases, the friction block overcomes the gap and contacts the upper surface of the fixed base and generates relative sliding. A large amount of load energy is consumed through the friction of the contact surface, while the continuous deformation of the spring steel sheet provides elastic buffering. When a load is applied to the top of the bowl-shaped inner steel shell, the inner steel shell will first undergo downward compressive deformation because it is not fixed and is lightweight. It will distribute the load through the curvature of its own shell and transfer the force to the outer steel shell. As the load increases, after the inner steel shell reaches its deformation limit, the outer steel shell begins to bear the load, using the fixed stiffness of the outer layer and the deformation capacity of the inner layer to jointly bear the load. When a load is applied to any position on the upper surface of the steel plate, the central area, with the smallest grid stiffness, will first undergo bending deformation and absorb load energy through the coordinated deformation of the dense grid. As the load is transmitted to the surrounding areas, the hexagonal grid slopes at the outer edge of the sparse grid, due to their higher stiffness, gradually participate in the stress and bear part of the load.