Piston cushion chamber structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a piston cushion chamber structure, which relates to the technical field of hydraulic cylinder buffering, and comprises a cylinder body and a reversing valve, and the reversing valve is fixed on the cylinder body through a bolt. According to the piston buffer cavity structure, by arranging a series-connection type multi-stage buffer system composed of the first buffer mechanism and the second buffer mechanism, when the piston body conducts over-travel motion, first-stage buffer is conducted through a first spring of the first buffer mechanism, part of impact energy is absorbed, and then hydraulic buffer of the second buffer mechanism is triggered immediately; through cooperation of the oil pressing ring and the buffering sleeve, variable secondary buffering is achieved through back pressure generated by hydraulic oil throttling, under the limiting condition, a closed oil cavity can be formed, third-level buffering is achieved through incompressibility of hydraulic oil, and huge energy of over-travel can be stably and efficiently absorbed and dissipated in a multi-level progressive buffering mode. The device is prevented from being damaged due to over-stroke operation, and the service life of the device is effectively prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic cylinder buffer technology, specifically a piston buffer chamber structure. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic rock drills are the core functional components of rock drilling equipment in drill-and-blast construction. They require precision in manufacturing and are costly to produce. Hydraulic rock drills work by having a piston strike the drill bit at high speed, which then transmits energy through the drill rod and drill bit. The drill bit rebounds after impacting the rock, ultimately transferring energy to the rock. This, combined with the rotation of the drill bit, breaks the rock. However, when the rock has fissures, caves, or if the operation is improper, the drill bit may not be able to properly engage and impact the rock bottom, and the drill bit may not rebound to its normal position. This results in the impact piston failing to strike the drill bit, causing a "dry-firing" phenomenon. Without protective measures, the impact piston will directly strike the front sleeve of the rock drill cylinder, generating vibration and noise, and damaging the cylinder, affecting its reliability and service life, and increasing the cost of drill-and-blast construction. Therefore, rock drills must be equipped with anti-dry-firing buffer devices to prevent piston damage and extend piston life. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a piston buffer chamber structure to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a piston buffer chamber structure, comprising a cylinder body and a reversing valve. The reversing valve is bolted to the cylinder body and is used to switch the flow direction of hydraulic oil entering the cylinder body. An end cap is bolted to the right end of the cylinder body, and the end cap contacts a first buffer mechanism to achieve a positioning function. A sealing sleeve is also nested at the right end of the cylinder body, and the sealing sleeve is slidably connected to the piston body. The piston body is disposed within the cylinder body. A second buffer mechanism is disposed on the left side between the piston body and the cylinder body to buffer the stroke distance of the piston body. The second buffer mechanism includes a buffer sleeve fixed within the cylinder body, and an oil storage chamber is disposed between the buffer sleeve and the cylinder body, and the oil storage chamber is supplied with hydraulic oil. The channel is interconnected with the hydraulic buffer chamber, and the oil storage chamber and hydraulic oil channel are both located between the buffer sleeve and the piston body. The buffer sleeve and the piston body are slidably connected, and the oil storage chamber is connected to the oil passage. Through the above structure, a basic guarantee can be provided for realizing the dry-run buffer limit of the piston body, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the device. The second buffer mechanism also includes a pressure oil ring fixed on the piston body, and the pressure oil ring is composed of a left circular ring and a right inclined ring. The length of the left circular ring on the pressure oil ring is equal to the distance between the right end face of the movable ring and the piston body. At the same time, the length of the left circular ring on the pressure oil ring is equal to the distance between the inclined block and the left end face of the buffer sleeve. The pressure oil ring is slidably connected to the cylinder. Through the above structure, a basic guarantee can be provided for the normal operation of the device.

[0005] Preferably, the cylinder body has a first oil port, which is connected to a reversing valve. The cylinder body has an oil passage, which is connected to the reversing valve. The oil passage is also connected to a second oil port in the cylinder body. The reversing valve enables the supply of oil to the first oil port and the oil passage, thereby allowing hydraulic oil to enter the cylinder body and providing a basic guarantee for driving the piston body to reciprocate.

[0006] Preferably, the first buffer mechanism includes a mounting sleeve nested with the end cap, and the mounting sleeve is slidably connected to the piston body. The mounting sleeve contacts the sealing sleeve to achieve a positioning function, and a fixing rod is fixed inside the mounting sleeve. At the same time, the fixing rod is slidably connected to the piston body. When the piston body reciprocates, the movement of the piston body can be guided by the sliding guide between the fixing rod and the piston body, so as to ensure the stability of the piston body movement.

[0007] Preferably, a movable ring is slidably connected to the fixed rod, and the movable ring is fixed to one end of the first spring, while the other end of the first spring is fixed to the mounting sleeve. Both the movable ring and the first spring are located inside the piston body. When the piston body moves beyond its travel, the piston body applies pressure to the movable ring, causing the movable ring to slide on the fixed rod. Combined with the elastic effect of the first spring, a buffering effect can be achieved.

[0008] Preferably, an impact mechanism is also installed at the left end of the piston body. The impact mechanism includes a slide rod that is slidably connected to the piston body, and an impact head is fixed at the left end of the slide rod. At the same time, the right end of the slide rod is fixed to one end of a second spring, and the other end of the second spring is fixed to the piston body. When the piston body moves, the impact head can strike the drill rod, ensuring the normal operation of the device. The impact head can also be easily replaced later without replacing the entire piston body, effectively reducing the operating and maintenance costs of the device. Furthermore, the elasticity of the second spring provides a basic guarantee for buffering between the impact head and the drill rod housing when the piston body is overtraveled.

[0009] Preferably, the sliding rod contacts one end of the support rod to achieve positioning, and the other end of the support rod contacts the piston body to achieve positioning. Furthermore, there are several support rods distributed at equal angles about the center of the circle. Through the action of the support rods, rigid support can be achieved between the piston body and the sliding rod, so that when the piston body moves, the impact force can be stably transmitted to the drill rod, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the device.

[0010] Preferably, the support rod is also fixed with an inclined block, and the inclined block is slidably connected to the piston body and the buffer sleeve. Through the sliding action between the inclined block and the buffer sleeve, a basic force can be provided for the movement of the support rod, thereby providing a basic guarantee for the adjustment of the slider position and the buffering of the device.

[0011] Preferably, the support rod is also symmetrically fixed with guide rods on both sides, and the guide rods are slidably connected to the piston body. The guide rods are fixed to one end of the third spring, and the other end of the third spring is fixed to the piston body. Through the sliding guiding action between the guide rods and the piston body, the stability of the movement of the support rod can be ensured. Through the elastic action of the third spring, a basic force can be provided for the automatic reset of the support rod, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the device.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The piston buffer chamber structure, through the design of the pressure oil ring with a beveled ring in the second buffer mechanism, when it cooperates with the hydraulic oil channel, the throttling gap formed will gradually decrease as the piston overtravel displacement increases. This makes the more severe the piston overtravel, the greater the damping force of the hydraulic buffer, and the stronger the buffering effect, thereby achieving adaptive adjustment. In this way, the buffer system can intelligently cope with overtravel conditions of different severity, provide just the right buffering force, and ensure the safe operation of the device. 2. This piston buffer chamber structure, through the design of inclined block, support rod and spring structure in the impact mechanism, ensures that the impact mechanism and piston body are rigidly connected within the normal stroke range, ensuring efficient transmission of impact energy. Once the piston enters the overtravel state, the inclined block separates from the buffer sleeve, and under the action of the spring, the support rod will retract, releasing the rigid connection with the slide rod, so that the impact mechanism is transformed into a flexible state connected to the piston through the spring. This can effectively prevent the impact head from hitting the drill bit or other parts of the equipment with huge rigid impact force under the overtravel condition, thereby effectively preventing damage to related parts. 3. This piston buffer chamber structure, through the setting of a series multi-stage buffer system consisting of a first buffer mechanism and a second buffer mechanism, when the piston body undergoes overstroke movement, the first spring of the first buffer mechanism performs first-stage buffering to absorb part of the impact energy. Subsequently, the hydraulic buffering of the second buffer mechanism is immediately triggered. Through the cooperation of the pressure ring and the buffer sleeve, the back pressure generated by the throttling of hydraulic oil is used to achieve variable second-stage buffering. In extreme cases, a closed oil chamber can be formed to achieve third-stage buffering through the incompressibility of hydraulic oil. By using a multi-stage progressive buffering method, the huge energy of overstroke can be absorbed and dissipated smoothly and efficiently, avoiding damage to the device due to overstroke operation and effectively extending the service life of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the overall front cross-section of the device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cylinder block of the present invention, viewed from the front. Figure 3 This is a frontal cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the first buffer mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a frontal cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the impact mechanism and the second buffer mechanism of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a frontal cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the impact mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the slide bar of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Cylinder body; 101. First oil port; 102. Oil passage; 103. Second oil port; 2. Reversing valve; 3. End cover; 4. Sealing sleeve; 5. First buffer mechanism; 501. Mounting sleeve; 502. Fixed rod; 503. Moving ring; 504. First spring; 6. Piston body; 7. Impact mechanism; 701. Slide rod; 702. Impact head; 703. Second spring; 704. Support rod; 705. Inclined block; 706. Guide rod; 707. Third spring; 8. Second buffer mechanism; 801. Buffer sleeve; 802. Oil reservoir; 803. Hydraulic oil passage; 804. Hydraulic buffer chamber; 805. Pressure ring. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Please see Figures 1-6This invention provides a technical solution: a piston buffer chamber structure, including a cylinder body 1 and a reversing valve 2. The reversing valve 2 is fixed to the cylinder body 1 by bolts, and is used to switch the flow direction of hydraulic oil entering the cylinder body 1. An end cap 3 is fixed to the right end of the cylinder body 1 by bolts. The end cap 3 contacts a first buffer mechanism 5 to achieve a positioning function. A sealing sleeve 4 is also nested at the right end of the cylinder body 1. The sealing sleeve 4 is slidably connected to the piston body 6. The piston body 6 is disposed in the cylinder body 1. A second buffer mechanism 8 is disposed on the left side between the piston body 6 and the cylinder body 1. The second buffer mechanism 8 buffers the stroke distance of the piston body 6. The second buffer mechanism 8 includes a buffer sleeve 801 fixed in the cylinder body 1, and an oil storage chamber 8 is disposed between the buffer sleeve 801 and the cylinder body 1. 02, and the oil storage chamber 802 is connected to the hydraulic buffer chamber 804 through the hydraulic oil channel 803. At the same time, the oil storage chamber 802 and the hydraulic oil channel 803 are both set between the buffer sleeve 801 and the piston body 6. The buffer sleeve 801 and the piston body 6 are slidably connected. The oil storage chamber 802 is connected to the oil passage 102. The second buffer mechanism 8 also includes a pressure oil ring 805 fixed on the piston body 6. The pressure oil ring 805 is composed of a left circular ring and a right inclined ring. The length of the left circular ring on the pressure oil ring 805 is equal to the distance between the right end face of the movable ring 503 and the piston body 6. At the same time, the length of the left circular ring on the pressure oil ring 805 is equal to the distance between the inclined block 705 and the left end face of the buffer sleeve 801. The pressure oil ring 805 is slidably connected to the cylinder body 1.

[0017] A first oil port 101 is provided on the cylinder body 1 and is connected to the reversing valve 2. An oil passage 102 is provided inside the cylinder body 1 and is connected to the reversing valve 2. The oil passage 102 is connected to the second oil port 103 provided inside the cylinder body 1. When using this piston buffer chamber junction, such as Figure 1 As shown, by supplying oil to the cylinder 1 through the reversing valve 2 and the first oil port 101, the piston body 6 can be driven to move to the left. By switching the reversing valve 2 to supply oil to the cylinder 1 through the oil passage 102 and the second oil port 103, the piston body 6 can be moved to the right. This provides a basic guarantee for the reciprocating motion of the piston body 6. When the piston body 6 is reciprocating, it can synchronously drive the impact mechanism 7 to perform orderly reciprocating motion. By impacting the drill rod through the impact mechanism 7, the drill bit at the end of the drill rod can be provided with an impact force, thereby achieving normal drilling. At this time, during the drilling process, the drill bit can press against and impact the bottom of the rock, ensuring the normal rebound of the drill bit and the drill rod. This ensures that the impact mechanism 7 can always contact the tail of the drill rod to achieve normal impact. At this time, the piston body 6 is within the normal stroke range, and the stroke displacement is the distance between the right end face of the movable ring 503 and the piston body 6. During the use of the device, such as Figures 1-6As shown, when the drill bit cannot press against and impact the bottom of the rock due to cracks, karst caves, or improper operation, the drill shank cannot rebound back to the normal position, and the impact piston cannot hit the drill shank. At this time, as the piston body 6 drives the impact mechanism 7 to move to the left, when the impact mechanism 7 moves to the leftmost side of the normal stroke range, the impact mechanism 7 cannot contact the tail of the drill rod. As a result, the piston body 6 and the impact mechanism 7 will continue to move to the left a certain distance under the action of inertia, so that the piston body 6 moves to the left a distance exceeding the normal stroke. The first buffer mechanism 5 includes a mounting sleeve 501 nested with the end cap 3, and the mounting sleeve 501 is slidably connected to the piston body 6. The mounting sleeve 501 contacts the sealing sleeve 4 to achieve a positioning function. A fixing rod 502 is fixed inside the mounting sleeve 501, and the fixing rod 502 is slidably connected to the piston body 6. A movable ring 503 is slidably connected to the fixing rod 502, and the movable ring 503 is fixed to one end of the first spring 504. The other end of the first spring 504 is fixed to the mounting sleeve 501. Both the movable ring 503 and the first spring 504 are disposed inside the piston body 6. When the piston body 6 moves beyond its stroke, it slides relative to the fixed rod 502. When the piston body 6 moves to the leftmost position of the normal stroke, it contacts the movable ring 503. When the piston body 6 continues to move to the left to achieve the overstroke, the piston body 6 exerts pressure on the movable ring 503, causing the movable ring 503 to slide on the fixed rod 502. The first spring 504 is compressed by the force. Through the elastic action of the first spring 504, the overstroke movement of the piston body 6 can be buffered. When the piston body 6 moves beyond its stroke, it simultaneously drives the pressure ring 805 to move towards the buffer sleeve 801. When the piston body 6 moves to the leftmost position of the normal stroke, the right end of the upper ring of the pressure ring 805 is exactly engaged with the right end of the hydraulic oil passage 803. At this time, the piston body 6 continues to move to the left to achieve the overstroke movement, thereby driving the pressure ring 805 to continue to act relative to the buffer sleeve 801, so that the inclined ring on the pressure ring 805 engages with the hydraulic oil passage 803. At this time, the engagement of the inclined ring with the hydraulic oil passage 803 reduces the hydraulic oil flow gap, thereby using hydraulic action to achieve the secondary conversion of the piston body 6's overstroke movement. Furthermore, the greater the overtravel displacement of the piston body 6, the smaller the gap between the inclined ring on the upper surface of the pressure ring 805 and the hydraulic oil passage 803 after they are engaged, thereby further improving the buffering effect. When the piston body 6 moves overtravel to the point where the inclined ring on the upper surface of the pressure ring 805 is fully engaged with the hydraulic oil passage 803, the pressure ring 805 blocks the hydraulic oil passage 803. This allows the piston body 6 to continue moving the pressure ring 805, which can pressurize the hydraulic oil in the oil reservoir 802, thereby achieving three-stage buffering until the piston body 6 stops overtraveling to the left, thus effectively controlling the stroke distance of the piston body 6 and preventing damage to the device. An impact mechanism 7 is also installed at the left end of the piston body 6. The impact mechanism 7 includes a slide rod 701 that is slidably connected to the piston body 6. An impact head 702 is fixed to the left end of the slide rod 701. Meanwhile, the right end of the slide rod 701 is fixed to one end of a second spring 703, and the other end of the second spring 703 is fixed inside the piston body 6. The slide rod 701 contacts one end of a support rod 704 for positioning, and the other end of the support rod 704 contacts the piston body 6 for positioning. The support rod 704 is related to... The support rod 704 has several centers distributed at equal angles; a ramp block 705 is also fixed on the support rod 704, and the ramp block 705 is slidably connected to the piston body 6, and the ramp block 705 is slidably connected to the buffer sleeve 801; guide rods 706 are also symmetrically fixed on the support rod 704, and the guide rods 706 are slidably connected to the piston body 6, and the guide rods 706 are fixed to one end of the third spring 707, while the other end of the third spring 707 is fixed to the piston body 6. When the piston body 6 is in normal stroke motion, the inclined block 705 and the buffer sleeve 801 keep sliding, and the third spring 707 is in a contracted state. At this time, the piston body 6 and the slide rod 701 are rigidly connected through the support rod 704, which ensures that the impact generated by the movement of the piston body 6 can be applied to the impact head 702 through the support rod 704 and the slide rod 701, thereby ensuring the normal impact of the impact head 702 on the tail of the drill rod. When the piston body 6 moves beyond its travel range, it simultaneously drives the impact mechanism 7 to move beyond its travel range. When the piston body 6 moves to the leftmost position of its normal travel range, the inclined block 705 and the buffer sleeve 801 separate. With the elastic action of the third spring 707, the support rod 704 is forced to move. Combined with the sliding action between the guide rod 706 and the piston body 6, the stability of the support rod 704's movement is ensured. When the support rod 704 and the slide rod 701 are completely separated, the rigid connection between the slide rod 701 and the piston body 6 is transformed into a flexible connection formed by the slide rod 701 and the piston body 6 through the third spring 707. That is, when the piston body 6 drives the slide rod 701 and the impact head 702 to move beyond their travel range, the impact head 702 and the piston body 6 are flexibly connected. Even if the impact head 702 moves beyond its travel range and impacts the drill rod sleeve, the third spring 707 can provide buffer protection, thereby effectively preventing the impact head 702 from damaging the drill rod sleeve due to its excessive travel range, and thus ensuring the service life of the device.

[0018] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0019] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that due to the limitations of textual expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A piston buffer chamber structure, comprising a cylinder (1) and a reversing valve (2), wherein the reversing valve (2) is fixed to the cylinder (1) by bolts, and the reversing valve (2) is used to switch the flow direction of hydraulic oil entering the cylinder (1), characterized in that: The cylinder body (1) has an end cap (3) fixed to its right end by bolts. The end cap (3) contacts the first buffer mechanism (5) to achieve a positioning function. A sealing sleeve (4) is also nested on the right end of the cylinder body (1). The sealing sleeve (4) is slidably connected to the piston body (6). The piston body (6) is located inside the cylinder body (1). A second buffer mechanism (8) is provided on the left side between the piston body (6) and the cylinder body (1). The second buffer mechanism (8) buffers the stroke distance of the piston body (6). The second buffer mechanism (8) includes a buffer sleeve (801) fixed inside the cylinder body (1). An oil storage chamber (802) is provided between the buffer sleeve (801) and the cylinder body (1). The oil storage chamber (802) is connected to the hydraulic buffer chamber (804) through a hydraulic oil channel (803). The two buffer mechanisms (8) are interconnected, and the oil storage chamber (802) and hydraulic oil passage (803) are both located between the buffer sleeve (801) and the piston body (6). The buffer sleeve (801) and the piston body (6) are slidably connected. The oil storage chamber (802) is connected to the oil passage (102). The second buffer mechanism (8) also includes a pressure ring (805) fixed on the piston body (6). The pressure ring (805) is composed of a left circular ring and a right inclined ring. The length of the left circular ring on the pressure ring (805) is equal to the distance between the right end face of the movable ring (503) and the piston body (6). At the same time, the length of the left circular ring on the pressure ring (805) is equal to the distance between the inclined block (705) and the left end face of the buffer sleeve (801). The pressure ring (805) and the cylinder (1) are slidably connected.

2. The piston buffer chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder body (1) is provided with a first oil port (101) and is connected to the reversing valve (2). The cylinder body (1) is provided with an oil passage (102) and is connected to the reversing valve (2). The oil passage (102) is connected to the second oil port (103) provided in the cylinder body (1).

3. The piston buffer chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first buffer mechanism (5) includes an installation sleeve (501) nested with the end cap (3), and the installation sleeve (501) is slidably connected to the piston body (6). The installation sleeve (501) contacts the sealing sleeve (4) to achieve positioning. A fixing rod (502) is fixed inside the installation sleeve (501), and the fixing rod (502) is slidably connected to the piston body (6).

4. The piston buffer chamber structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A movable ring (503) is slidably connected to the fixed rod (502), and the movable ring (503) is fixed to one end of the first spring (504), and the other end of the first spring (504) is fixed to the mounting sleeve (501). The movable ring (503) and the first spring (504) are both located inside the piston body (6).

5. The piston buffer chamber structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston body (6) is also equipped with an impact mechanism (7) on the left end. The impact mechanism (7) includes a slide rod (701) which is slidably connected to the piston body (6). An impact head (702) is fixed on the left end of the slide rod (701). At the same time, the right end of the slide rod (701) is fixed to one end of the second spring (703). The other end of the second spring (703) is fixed inside the piston body (6).

6. The piston buffer chamber structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sliding rod (701) contacts one end of the support rod (704) to achieve positioning, and the other end of the support rod (704) contacts the piston body (6) to achieve positioning. Furthermore, there are several support rods (704) distributed at equal angles about the center of the circle.

7. A piston buffer chamber structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support rod (704) is also fixed with a ramp block (705), and the ramp block (705) is slidably connected to the piston body (6), and the ramp block (705) is slidably connected to the buffer sleeve (801).

8. The piston buffer chamber structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support rod (704) is also symmetrically fixed with guide rods (706), and the guide rods (706) are slidably connected to the piston body (6). The guide rods (706) are fixed to one end of the third spring (707), and the other end of the third spring (707) is fixed to the piston body (6).

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