A test device suitable for studying recovery of fruit trees after flooding

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural scientific experiment equipment, and provides a test device suitable for studying recovery of fruit trees after flooding, comprising a potting unit, a water control environment unit and a monitoring control unit; the bottom of the potting unit is connected with a drainage regulation component of the water control environment unit, a water source system of the water control environment unit is arranged above the potting unit, the monitoring control unit is electrically connected with a sensor of the potting unit and an executing element of the water control environment unit, each unit forms signal interaction with a control system through wires, and dynamic regulation of soil water content is realized in cooperation. Through electromagnetic proportional valves and closed-loop control, the dynamic of flooding to recovery of moisture is accurately simulated, the problem of insufficient humidity control precision of traditional devices is solved, an automatic system replaces manual work, errors are reduced, and manpower is saved; the device is suitable for multiple soil types and fruit tree varieties, meets the demand of gradient regulation in stages, can also cope with sudden temperature changes, and provides a reliable and flexible experimental platform for the study of recovery of fruit trees after flooding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural scientific experimental equipment technology, specifically to an experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of agricultural stress resistance research, the study of waterlogging stress and subsequent recovery mechanisms in fruit trees is crucial for improving their flood resistance and ensuring yield. After flooding, the root physiological metabolism, nutrient absorption, and growth status of fruit trees dynamically adjust with changes in soil moisture content. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately simulate the entire water environment process of "flooding-drainage-recovery" in order to accurately explore its recovery mechanism and provide a scientific basis for flood-resistant cultivation in agricultural production.

[0003] Existing experimental devices used for this type of research are mainly divided into two categories: one is a simple potted plant irrigation device, which controls the amount of water by manually watering, and is used to grow fruit tree seedlings in ordinary flower pots, relying on manual monitoring of soil moisture to adjust the irrigation frequency; the other is a semi-automatic irrigation system, which adopts a timed watering or fixed flow irrigation mode, and some are equipped with basic sensors, but can only achieve single water content control and cannot dynamically simulate the gradient change process from flooding to recovery.

[0004] However, simple potted planters rely entirely on manual operation, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also makes it difficult to accurately control soil moisture content during manual watering, resulting in poor data repeatability between different experimental groups and affecting the reliability of research conclusions. Semi-automated systems reduce some human intervention, but lack dynamic control capabilities and cannot meet the "stage-by-stage, multi-gradient" moisture content control requirements during the recovery period after flooding, making it difficult to match the physiological response of fruit tree roots at different recovery stages. In addition, existing devices mostly do not consider the impact of environmental factors such as temperature on moisture content control and lack drainage measurement functions, making it impossible to fully capture dynamic changes in moisture and limiting the depth and breadth of research. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding. By combining a controllable faucet with an automated control system, it achieves precise and dynamic regulation of soil moisture content in potted plants, providing a reliable experimental platform for studying the recovery mechanism of fruit trees after flooding.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, comprising: It includes a potted plant unit, a water control environment unit, and a monitoring and control unit; the bottom of the potted plant unit is connected to the drainage control component of the water control environment unit, the water source system of the water control environment unit is set above the potted plant unit, and the monitoring and control unit is electrically connected to the sensor of the potted plant unit and the actuator of the water control environment unit respectively. Each unit interacts with the control system through wires to achieve dynamic regulation of soil moisture content. The potted plant unit includes a permeable potted plant container, which is filled with experimental soil and planted with fruit tree seedlings. The bottom is equipped with a drainage hole with a valve. The water control environment unit includes a water storage tank, a water inlet pipe, a controllable faucet, and a drainage control component. The water inlet pipe connects the water storage tank and the controllable faucet. The controllable faucet is an electromagnetic proportional valve. The drainage control component includes a drain valve and a water collection box. The monitoring and control unit includes a soil moisture sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a control system based on an STM32 microcontroller, and a human-machine interface. The moisture sensor is buried in the root distribution area of ​​the soil, and the control system receives the sensor signal and controls the operation of the faucet and drain valve.

[0007] Preferably, the permeable potted plant container has a cylindrical or square structure, with scale lines on the side wall for observing changes in soil water level; the drainage hole at the bottom has a diameter of 5-8 mm, and a sealing gasket is provided around the hole to prevent water leakage.

[0008] Preferably, the water storage tank of the water control environment unit is equipped with a liquid level sensor, which triggers an audible and visual alarm when the liquid level is lower than a preset threshold; the diameter of the water inlet pipe is 10-15mm, and a flow sensor is installed on the pipe to monitor the water inlet flow in real time.

[0009] Preferably, the controllable faucet is fixed 10-15cm above the potted plant container by a bracket, and the water outlet has 2-3mm evenly distributed diversion holes, the number of which is 3-5, for evenly spraying irrigation water onto the soil surface.

[0010] Preferably, the drain valve has a dual control structure of manual and electric control, and the electric valve is driven by DC 12V; the water collection box is equipped with a volume scale, and a drain valve is provided at the bottom of the box for periodic emptying or measuring the drainage volume.

[0011] Preferably, the soil moisture sensor is a time domain reflectometer (TDR), buried at a depth of 10-20 cm below the soil surface. The surface of the soil moisture sensor probe is coated with an anti-corrosion coating. The temperature sensor and the humidity sensor work together to collect data, and the control system corrects the moisture content control threshold according to temperature changes.

[0012] Preferably, the control system has a built-in water control algorithm, which allows users to preset target water content curves through a human-computer interaction interface. Flooding stage: Set the target moisture content to 80%–100% of the soil saturation moisture content; Recovery phase: Set a gradient curve to reduce water content by 5% to 10% every 24 hours; The algorithm calculates the deviation using the deviation formula, which is: ,in For the target moisture content, The actuator is driven to operate based on real-time moisture content. The closed-loop control logic of the control system is as follows: when When the water level is >5%, increase the opening of the controllable faucet while closing the drain valve. When -5%≤ When the percentage is ≤5%, keep the faucet opening and drain valve status unchanged; when When the deviation is less than -5%, turn off the tap and open the drain valve until the deviation returns to the threshold.

[0013] A method for using an experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding includes the following steps: Step 1: Fill the potted container with the pre-mixed test soil, plant fruit tree seedlings with uniform growth, bury the humidity sensor and temperature sensor in the root distribution area of ​​the soil, initialize the control system through the human-computer interaction interface, and input the fruit tree variety and soil type parameters. Step 2: Set the target moisture content for the flooding stage in the control system. The system will automatically turn on the controllable tap to inject water into the soil, monitor the moisture content in real time, and turn off the tap when the target value is reached. Keep the drain valve closed to maintain the flooded environment for the preset duration. Step 3: After the flooding ends, switch to the recovery phase mode and set a gradient curve to reduce the water content by 5% to 10% every 24 hours. The control system will automatically adjust the opening of the drain valve to drain water or fine-tune the faucet opening to replenish water based on the deviation between the real-time water content and the target value, so as to ensure that the water content decreases according to the preset gradient and simultaneously measure the drainage volume through the water collection box. Step 4: The control system automatically records the soil moisture content, temperature, water inflow and drainage data every hour, generates historical change curves, and exports the data after the experiment to analyze the growth and physiological response of fruit trees at different water stages.

[0014] Preferably, during the flooding stage in step two, the soil water level should be observed regularly through the scale lines on the side wall of the potted plant container. If the water level is lower than the target range, switch to manual mode manually, increase the opening of the controllable faucet to replenish water, and switch back to automatic mode after replenishing water to ensure a stable flooding environment. At the same time, check the liquid level sensor data daily through the human-computer interaction interface, and replenish water in time when the water level in the storage tank is lower than the threshold.

[0015] Preferably, if a sudden change in ambient temperature occurs during the recovery phase in step three, the control system automatically triggers a temperature compensation mechanism: When the temperature is above 30℃, the upper limit of the target moisture content is lowered by 5%, and the opening of the drain valve is increased by 10% to 20% to accelerate drainage. When the temperature is below 15℃, the lower limit of the target moisture content is increased by 5%, and the delay time for closing the tap is extended to avoid excessive soil drought and ensure that water regulation during the recovery phase is adapted to the impact of temperature changes on the water requirements of fruit trees.

[0016] This invention provides an experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention combines an electromagnetic proportional valve-controlled faucet with an STM32 microcontroller-based control system, and uses a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometer) to monitor soil volumetric water content in real time. Based on closed-loop control logic, it adjusts the inlet flow rate and the state of the drain valve, which can accurately simulate the dynamic process from the flooding stage to the recovery stage. This solves the problem of insufficient water control accuracy in traditional devices and improves the reliability and repeatability of experimental data.

[0017] 2. This invention improves operational efficiency and reduces human error: The automated control system replaces frequent manual monitoring and adjustment of water volume, and the built-in water volume control algorithm supports users to preset target water content curves, reducing manual intervention and the impact of human error on experimental results, while saving labor costs and time.

[0018] 3. The potted plant unit of this invention uses a permeable flowerpot, which is suitable for planting fruit tree seedlings, and the soil can be configured according to research needs; the water control environment unit is designed with a water storage tank, water inlet pipe and graduated water collection box, etc., combined with manual / electric dual-control drainage valve, which can achieve saturated water holding during the flooding stage and meet the gradient drainage during the recovery stage. This solves the limitation of existing devices that are single in function and cannot meet the needs of multi-stage and multi-gradient water content control, and provides a dedicated and flexible experimental platform for the study of the flood recovery mechanism of fruit trees. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example: Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides an experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, comprising: It includes a potted plant unit, a water control environment unit, and a monitoring and control unit; the bottom of the potted plant unit is connected to the drainage control component of the water control environment unit, the water source system of the water control environment unit is set above the potted plant unit, and the monitoring and control unit is electrically connected to the sensor of the potted plant unit and the actuator of the water control environment unit respectively. Each unit interacts with the control system through wires to achieve dynamic regulation of soil moisture content. The potted plant unit includes a cylindrical permeable potted container with a diameter of 35cm and a height of 40cm. The side wall of the container is engraved with a 1mm precision scale line along the height direction for visual observation of soil water level changes. A 6mm diameter drainage hole is opened in the center of the bottom of the container, and a 2mm thick nitrile rubber sealing gasket is pasted around the hole to prevent soil particles from being lost and water from leaking. The container is filled with sandy loam soil formed by a preset ratio of sand and loam in 3:7, filling the container to 80% of its height. Three fruit tree seedlings with a height of 50-60cm and a ground diameter of 0.5-0.6cm are planted. The seedlings are distributed in an equilateral triangle with a spacing of 10cm to ensure uniform root growth space. The water control environment unit includes: An 8L polyethylene water tank with dimensions of 30cm (length) × 20cm (width) × 15cm (height) is selected. A capacitive liquid level sensor is installed at the bottom of the tank. When the liquid level is lower than 10% of the total volume, the control system triggers an audible and visual alarm. The water tank is connected to the controllable faucet via a 12mm diameter inlet pipe made of food-grade PVC. A turbine flow sensor is connected in series on the inlet pipe to monitor the inlet flow in real time. The controllable faucet is a DC12V electromagnetic proportional valve, which is fixed 12cm above the potted plant container by an aluminum alloy bracket. The outlet has three 2.5mm diameter diversion holes that are evenly distributed at 120° to ensure that the irrigation water is sprayed evenly on the soil surface in a ring, avoiding local water accumulation. Drainage control components: The drain valve is a dual-control ball valve with both manual and electric operation, with a nominal diameter of 6mm. The electric drive part is a DC12V stepper motor. The water collection box is made of transparent acrylic material, with dimensions of 15cm long × 10cm wide × 8cm high. The box wall is engraved with a volume scale with an accuracy of 1mL. A polytetrafluoroethylene drain valve with an 8mm orifice is installed at the bottom of the box. Drainage can be controlled by a manual knob for periodic emptying or measuring the drainage volume at different stages. The monitoring and control unit includes a soil moisture sensor and a soil temperature sensor buried parallel to each other in the sandy loam soil, spaced 5 cm apart and located between two peach seedlings, at a depth of 15 cm corresponding to the main distribution of the fruit tree root system. These sensors are used to collaboratively collect soil temperature and humidity data. The probes of the soil moisture and temperature sensors are coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) anti-corrosion coating. The unit is powered by an STM32 microcontroller connected to a 12V / 2A switching power supply. The human-machine interface uses a 3.5-inch TFT touchscreen, connected to the microcontroller via RS485 communication protocol, supporting parameter setting, real-time data display, and historical curve query. The microcontroller controls the electromagnetic proportional valve and the electrically controlled drain valve via a relay module, and collects analog signals from the temperature and humidity sensor, liquid level sensor, and flow sensor via an ADC module, forming a complete signal interaction link. The control system has a built-in water control algorithm, allowing users to preset target water content curves through a human-machine interface. Flooding stage: Set the target moisture content to 80%–100% of the soil saturation moisture content; Recovery phase: Set a gradient curve to reduce water content by 5% to 10% every 24 hours; The algorithm calculates the deviation using the deviation formula, which is: ,in For the target moisture content, The actuator is driven to operate based on real-time moisture content. The closed-loop control logic of the control system is as follows: when When the water level is >5%, increase the opening of the controllable faucet while closing the drain valve. When -5%≤ When the percentage is ≤5%, keep the faucet opening and drain valve status unchanged; when When the deviation is less than -5%, turn off the tap and open the drain valve until the deviation returns to the threshold.

[0022] As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for using an experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Fill the potted container with the pre-mixed test soil, plant fruit tree seedlings with uniform growth, bury the humidity sensor and temperature sensor in the root distribution area of ​​the soil, initialize the control system through the human-computer interaction interface, and input the fruit tree variety and soil type parameters. Step 2: Set the target moisture content for the flooding stage in the control system. The system will automatically open the controllable faucet to inject water into the soil, monitor the moisture content in real time, and close the faucet when the target value is reached, keeping the drain valve closed to maintain the flooded environment for the preset duration. During the flooding stage, the soil water level should be observed periodically through the scale lines on the side of the potted container. If the water level is lower than the target range, manually switch to manual mode and increase the opening of the controllable faucet to add water. After adding water, switch back to automatic mode to ensure a stable flooded environment. At the same time, check the liquid level sensor data daily through the human-machine interface. When the water level in the storage tank is lower than the threshold, replenish the water in time. Step 3: After the flooding ends, switch to the recovery phase mode. Set a gradient curve to reduce the moisture content by 5% to 10% every 24 hours. The control system automatically adjusts the opening of the drain valve to drain water or fine-tunes the faucet opening to replenish water based on the deviation between the real-time moisture content and the target value, ensuring that the moisture content decreases according to the preset gradient. Simultaneously, the drainage volume is measured through the water collection box. If there is a sudden change in ambient temperature during the recovery phase, the control system automatically triggers the temperature compensation mechanism. When the temperature is above 30℃, the upper limit of the target moisture content is lowered by 5%, and the opening of the drain valve is increased by 10% to 20% to accelerate drainage. When the temperature is below 15℃, the lower limit of the target moisture content is increased by 5%, and the delay time of closing the tap is extended to avoid excessive soil drought and ensure that the water regulation during the recovery stage is adapted to the impact of temperature changes on the water requirements of fruit trees. Step 4: The control system automatically records the soil moisture content, temperature, water inflow and drainage data every hour, generates historical change curves, and exports the data after the experiment to analyze the growth and physiological response of fruit trees at different water stages.

[0023] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, characterized in that, include: It includes a potted plant unit, a water control environment unit, and a monitoring and control unit; the bottom of the potted plant unit is connected to the drainage control component of the water control environment unit, the water source system of the water control environment unit is set above the potted plant unit, and the monitoring and control unit is electrically connected to the sensor of the potted plant unit and the actuator of the water control environment unit respectively. Each unit interacts with the control system through wires to achieve dynamic regulation of soil moisture content. The potted plant unit includes a permeable potted plant container, which is filled with experimental soil and planted with fruit tree seedlings. The bottom is equipped with a drainage hole with a valve. The water control environment unit includes a water storage tank, a water inlet pipe, a controllable faucet, and a drainage control component. The water inlet pipe connects the water storage tank and the controllable faucet. The controllable faucet is an electromagnetic proportional valve. The drainage control component includes a drain valve and a water collection box. The monitoring and control unit includes a soil moisture sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a control system based on an STM32 microcontroller, and a human-machine interface. The moisture sensor is buried in the root distribution area of ​​the soil, and the control system receives the sensor signal and controls the action of the faucet and drain valve. The control system has a built-in water control algorithm, which allows users to preset target water content curves through a human-computer interaction interface. Flooding stage: Set the target moisture content to 80%–100% of the soil saturation moisture content; Recovery phase: Set a gradient curve to reduce water content by 5% to 10% every 24 hours; The algorithm calculates the deviation using the deviation formula, which is: ,in For the target moisture content, The actuator is driven to operate based on real-time moisture content. The closed-loop control logic of the control system is as follows: when When the water level is >5%, increase the opening of the controllable faucet while closing the drain valve. When -5%≤ When the percentage is ≤5%, keep the faucet opening and drain valve status unchanged; when When the deviation is less than -5%, turn off the tap and open the drain valve until the deviation returns to the threshold.

2. The experimental device according to claim 1, suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, is characterized in that, The permeable potted plant container is cylindrical or square in shape, with scale lines on the side wall for observing changes in soil water level; the drainage hole at the bottom has a diameter of 5-8 mm and a sealing gasket around the hole to prevent leakage.

3. The experimental device according to claim 1, suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, is characterized in that, The water storage tank of the water control environment unit is equipped with a liquid level sensor. When the liquid level is lower than a preset threshold, an audible and visual alarm is triggered. The diameter of the water inlet pipe is 10-15mm, and a flow sensor is installed on the pipe to monitor the water inlet flow in real time.

4. The experimental device according to claim 1, suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, is characterized in that, The controllable faucet is fixed 10-15cm above the potted plant container by a bracket. The water outlet has 3-5 evenly distributed diversion holes of 2-3mm each, which are used to evenly spray irrigation water onto the soil surface.

5. The experimental device according to claim 1, suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, is characterized in that, The drain valve is a dual-control structure with both manual and electric operation. The electric control is driven by DC 12V. The water collection box is equipped with a volume scale and a drain valve at the bottom of the box for periodic emptying or measuring the amount of water drained.

6. The experimental device according to claim 1, suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, is characterized in that, The soil moisture sensor is a time domain reflectometer (TDR), buried at a depth of 10-20 cm below the soil surface. The probe of the soil moisture sensor is coated with an anti-corrosion coating. The temperature sensor and the humidity sensor work together to collect data, and the control system corrects the moisture content control threshold according to temperature changes.

7. A method of using an experimental device suitable for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, comprising using the experimental device for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Fill the potted container with the pre-mixed test soil, plant fruit tree seedlings with uniform growth, bury the humidity sensor and temperature sensor in the root distribution area of ​​the soil, initialize the control system through the human-computer interaction interface, and input the fruit tree variety and soil type parameters. Step 2: Set the target moisture content for the flooding stage in the control system. The system will automatically turn on the controllable tap to inject water into the soil, monitor the moisture content in real time, and turn off the tap when the target value is reached. Keep the drain valve closed to maintain the flooded environment for the preset duration. Step 3: After the flooding ends, switch to the recovery phase mode and set a gradient curve to reduce the water content by 5% to 10% every 24 hours. The control system will automatically adjust the opening of the drain valve to drain water or fine-tune the faucet opening to replenish water based on the deviation between the real-time water content and the target value, so as to ensure that the water content decreases according to the preset gradient and simultaneously measure the drainage volume through the water collection box. Step 4: The control system automatically records the soil moisture content, temperature, water inflow and drainage data every hour, generates historical change curves, and exports the data after the experiment to analyze the growth and physiological response of fruit trees at different water stages.

8. The method of using the experimental device for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... In step two, during the flooding stage, the soil water level should be observed regularly through the scale lines on the side of the potted container. If the water level is lower than the target range, switch to manual mode and increase the opening of the controllable faucet to add water. After adding water, switch back to automatic mode to ensure a stable flooding environment. At the same time, check the liquid level sensor data daily through the human-computer interaction interface. When the liquid level in the storage tank is lower than the threshold, add water in time.

9. The method of using the experimental device for studying the recovery of fruit trees after flooding, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... If a sudden change in ambient temperature occurs during the recovery phase in step three, the control system will automatically trigger a temperature compensation mechanism. When the temperature is above 30℃, the upper limit of the target moisture content is lowered by 5%, and the opening of the drain valve is increased by 10% to 20% to accelerate drainage. When the temperature is below 15℃, the lower limit of the target moisture content is increased by 5%, and the delay time for closing the tap is extended to avoid excessive soil drought and ensure that water regulation during the recovery phase is adapted to the impact of temperature changes on the water requirements of fruit trees.

Images