Efficient slow-release biological organic fertilizer for soil improvement and preparation method of efficient slow-release biological organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural organic fertilizers, and discloses a soil improvement efficient slow-release bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.The soil improvement efficient slow-release bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from, by mass, 30%-38% of a slow-release matrix, 6%-8% of a biological functional fungicide, 18%-25% of a soil improvement auxiliary, 30% of a modified carrier framework and 6%-8% of a keep-alive and forming auxiliary, the slow-release matrix is formed by compounding calcium alginate microspheres and humic acid coated urea according to the mass ratio of (12-18): (18-20), the particle size of the calcium alginate microspheres is 100-150 microns, the crosslinking degree is 85%, and the embedding rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is larger than or equal to 90%; the nitrogen content of the humic acid coated urea is 46%, the slow release period is 90 days, and the coating thickness is 50 microns. The humic acid activated straw powder-peanut shell carbon composite carrier is adopted, the porosity is high, a survival microenvironment is provided for microorganisms, and soil salt and heavy metal can be adsorbed; and a keep-alive system of vitamin C and maltodextrin is matched, so that the attenuation rate of microorganisms stored for 120 days is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural organic fertilizer, in particular to a soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In current agricultural production, the problems of soil degradation and low fertilizer utilization efficiency are increasingly prominent, mainly manifested in three major pain points: first, the area of saline-alkali soil is expanding, the pH of such soil is generally higher than 8.5, and the EC value is >4 mS / cm, the high salt and alkali environment inhibits the absorption of plant roots, resulting in more than 30% reduction in crop yield; second, continuous cropping obstacles occur frequently, long-term continuous cropping causes a large accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, the incidence rate is more than 35%, and the soil microbial community is imbalanced; third, the release of nutrients of traditional fertilizers is out of control, the 24-hour nitrogen release rate of chemical fertilizers is more than 30%, which easily causes nutrient loss and soil compaction, and ordinary biological organic fertilizer can improve the soil, but has poor slow-release performance and cannot meet the nutrient demand of crops in the whole growth period.

[0003] In the prior art, the schemes for soil improvement and fertilizer efficiency exist obvious limitations: most of the slow-release fertilizers on the market use single coating technology (such as resin coating, sulfur coating), which has the problem of “early burst release and late fertilizer loss”, the 90-day nitrogen cumulative release rate is less than 65%, and lacks biological activity, which cannot improve the soil microecology; chemical soil conditioners (such as gypsum, humic acid) can adjust pH, but need to be applied in large quantities (more than 300 kg per mu), which is high in cost and has no nutrient supply function; the microorganisms contained in ordinary biological organic fertilizer are easy to be inactivated, the live bacteria number attenuation rate is more than 40% after 120 days of storage, and the carrier is mostly ordinary compost, which has poor water and fertilizer retention capacity (porosity < 35%). In addition, the existing products generally have the defect of “single function” ——only can slow-release nutrients or only can improve the soil, cannot simultaneously realize “nutrient supply-soil repair-biological prevention and control”, and are difficult to meet the management needs of complex soil degradation problems.

[0004] Therefore, it is an urgent need in the field of agricultural soil repair to develop a biological organic fertilizer with the functions of “high-efficiency slow-release, soil comprehensive improvement, and stable survival of microorganisms”, which solves the technical pain points of existing products through innovative structure design and function synergy. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural organic fertilizer, in particular to a soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: The application discloses a soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release biological organic fertilizer which is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: a slow-release base 30-38%, a biological functional bacterium agent 6-8%, a soil improvement auxiliary agent 18-25%, a modified carrier skeleton 30% and a preservative and molding auxiliary agent 6-8%. The slow-release base is prepared by compounding calcium alginate microspheres and humic acid coated urea in a mass ratio of (12-18):(18-20), the calcium alginate microspheres have a particle size of 100-150 microns, a cross-linking degree of 85% and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient embedding rate of no less than 90%; the humic acid coated urea has a nitrogen content of 46%, a slow-release period of 90 days and a coating thickness of 50 microns; the biological functional bacterium agent is prepared by compounding jelly-like Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the live bacterial counts of the jelly-like Paenibacillus, the Pseudomonas fluorescens and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae are no less than 10 10 CFU / g, no less than 10 9 CFU / g and no less than 10 8 CFU / g, respectively; the soil improvement auxiliary agent comprises water-soluble humic acid 10-15%, activated attapulgite 2-12% and gypsum powder 1-3%, the water-soluble humic acid has an organic matter content of no less than 85%, the activated attapulgite has a specific surface area of no less than 150 m 2 / g and a cation exchange capacity of no less than 80 mmol / 100g, and the gypsum powder has a particle size of no more than 5 microns; the modified carrier skeleton is prepared by mixing composted straw powder and peanut shell charcoal in a mass ratio of 2:1, the composted straw powder has a C / N ratio of 15:1 and a particle size of 0.5-1 mm, and the peanut shell charcoal is carbonized at 450 DEG C in an anaerobic environment and has a porosity of no less than 55% and a water holding capacity of no less than 250%; and the preservative and molding auxiliary agent comprises malt dextrin 4-5%, carboxymethyl starch sodium 1.8-2.5% and vitamin C 0.2-0.5%.

[0007] Preferably, the calcium alginate microspheres are prepared by mixing 2% sodium alginate aqueous solution and compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15 in a mass ratio of 1:2, emulsifying by liquid paraffin and cross-linking by calcium chloride.

[0008] Preferably, in the biological functional bacterium agent, the jelly-like Paenibacillus has a potassium dissolving capacity of no less than 20 mg / L d, the Pseudomonas fluorescens has an iron carrier producing capacity of no less than 15 micromoles / L, and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae has an auxin secreting capacity of no less than 5 micrograms / L.

[0009] Preferably, the modified carrier skeleton is activated by a 5-8% humic acid solution under the conditions of 35 DEG C and 400 r / min stirring for 1 hour, and the water content of the activated modified carrier skeleton is no more than 12% after drying.

[0010] A preparation method of a soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release biological organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps: S1: calcium alginate microsphere preparation: 2% sodium alginate aqueous solution is mixed with compound fertilizer at a mass ratio of 1:2 to prepare water phase, and is emulsified with liquid paraffin containing 0.25% Span-80 at a water / oil ratio of 1:2, 5% calcium chloride solution is added dropwise for crosslinking reaction for 2 hours, and then washing and drying are performed to obtain calcium alginate microspheres; S2: biological functional bacteria compound: Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are respectively activated to a concentration of 10 10 CFU / mL, 10 9 CFU / mL and 10 8 CFU / mL, and are mixed at a volume ratio of 3:2:1, vitamin C and malt dextrin are added to prepare a bacteria agent-preservative compound; S3: modified carrier and raw material mixing: rotten straw powder and peanut shell charcoal are mixed at a ratio of 2:1, a 5%-8% humic acid solution is used for activation to prepare a modified carrier skeleton, the calcium alginate microspheres and the bacteria agent-preservative compound are added after being mixed with soil improvement additives and humic acid coated urea, and the water content is controlled to be 20%-22%; S4: granulation and coating: sodium carboxymethyl starch is added and stirred, extrusion granulation is performed, 3mm particle size particles are dried in a fluidized bed to a water content of ≤8%, 5% humic acid+2% acacia coating liquid is sprayed, and 35℃ drying is performed for 1.5 hours to obtain a finished product.

[0011] Preferably, in the step S1, the amount of calcium chloride solution is 5 times the mass of the water phase, the dropping speed is 2mL / min, the crosslinking reaction temperature is 25℃, and the rotation speed is 500r / min.

[0012] Preferably, in the step S2, the bacteria agent is activated by using sterile water containing 1% malt dextrin, 30℃, 180r / min oscillation culture for 1.5-2 hours, and the mass ratio of the bacteria solution to the preservative is 3:1.

[0013] Preferably, in the step S4, the extrusion granulation temperature is ≤45℃, the fluidized bed inlet air temperature is 45-50℃, the outlet air temperature is 35℃, and the amount of the coating liquid is 5% of the mass of the particles.

[0014] As described above, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present application breaks through the technical limitations of the commercially available single coated slow-release fertilizer, designs a double-layer slow-release system of "calcium alginate microspheres+humic acid coating", the microspheres realize slow release of nutrients through calcium crosslinking, the outer humic acid coating further delays the release rate, solves the problems of "early burst release and late fertilizer loss", and improves the 90-day nitrogen cumulative release rate. 2. This invention uses a humic acid-activated "straw powder-peanut shell charcoal" composite carrier with high porosity, which not only provides a microenvironment for the survival of microorganisms, but also adsorbs soil salts and heavy metals; combined with a preservation system of vitamin C and maltodextrin, the decay rate of microorganisms after 120 days of storage is reduced. 3. This invention integrates three major functions: slow-release nutrients, soil improvement, and biological control. Unlike commercially available fertilizers that only offer "single functions," this invention can simultaneously address issues such as salinization, continuous cropping obstacles, and nutrient loss. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] I. Raw Material Preparation and Selection Criteria All raw materials must meet the following specific requirements to ensure stable product performance: Core functional raw materials Sodium alginate: food grade, viscosity 2000 mPa s, to ensure microsphere formation; compound fertilizer: N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15, particle size ≤10μm, to ensure uniform encapsulation.

[0017] Inoculum raw material: gelatinous Bacillus subtilis (live count 1.2 × 10⁻⁶) 11 CFU / g), Fluorescent Pseudomonas (viable count 1.0 × 10⁻⁶) 10 CFU / g), brewer's yeast (live count 8.0×10⁻⁶) 8 (CFU / g) Functional validation is required before use (potassium solubilization capacity is measured using potassium-solubilizing medium, and siderophore yield is measured using the CAS assay).

[0018] Humic acid: water-soluble, organic matter ≥85%, molecular weight 5000-10000 Da; activated attapulgite: activated with 0.5 mol / L sulfuric acid, cation exchange capacity ≥80 mmol / 100g; gypsum powder: food grade, passed through a 300-mesh sieve, particle size ≤5 μm.

[0019] auxiliary materials Composted straw powder: Corn straw composted for 60 days, C / N ratio 15:1, particle size 0.5-1mm; Peanut shell charcoal: 450℃ anaerobic carbonization, porosity ≥55%, water holding capacity ≥250%.

[0020] Maltodextrin: DE value 15; CMS-Na: viscosity 800-1000 mPa Vitamin C: purity ≥99%, all food grade.

[0021] II. Detailed Preparation Process of Examples Example 1 (General-purpose formula for degraded soil) 1. Raw material usage (based on a total mass of 100kg) 35 kg of slow-release matrix (15 kg of calcium alginate microspheres, 20 kg of humic acid-coated urea), 6 kg of biological functional bacteria (3 kg of gelatinous Bacillus, 2 kg of fluorescent Pseudomonas, 1 kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 20 kg of soil amendment (12 kg of humic acid, 6 kg of activated attapulgite soil, 2 kg of gypsum powder), 30 kg of modified carrier skeleton (20 kg of decomposed straw powder, 10 kg of peanut shell charcoal), 8 kg of survival and shaping aids (5 kg of maltodextrin, 2.5 kg of CMS-Na, 0.5 kg of vitamin C), and 1 kg of deionized water.

[0022] 2. Stepwise preparation process Step 1: Preparation of calcium alginate microspheres Aqueous phase: 5kg sodium alginate + 95kg deionized water → stir at 40℃ for 1 hour → add 10kg compound fertilizer → stir for 30 minutes; Oil phase: 200kg liquid paraffin + 0.5kg Span-80 → Stir at 30℃ for 15 minutes; Emulsification and crosslinking: Aqueous phase is injected into oil phase → stirring at 800 r / min for 40 minutes → 50 kg of 5% calcium chloride solution is added dropwise → reaction at 500 r / min for 2 hours → washing with ethanol → vacuum drying at 60℃ → 15 kg of calcium alginate microspheres.

[0023] Step 2: Compounding and preservation of microbial agents Activation: 0.03 kg of gelatinous Bacillus subtilis + 2.97 kg of sterile water → shake at 30℃ for 1.5 hours; 0.022 kg of Pseudomonas fluorescens + 2.978 kg of sterile water → activate under the same conditions; 0.0125 kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae + 2.9875 kg of sterile water → activate under the same conditions; Compound: 3L of gelatinous Bacillus spp. culture + 2L of Pseudomonas fluorescens culture + 1L of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture → add 0.5kg of vitamin C + 2kg of maltodextrin → stir at 25℃ for 20 minutes → bacterial agent-preservative complex.

[0024] Step 3: Carrier modification and mixing Carrier activation: 20kg decomposed straw powder + 10kg peanut shell charcoal → add 10kg 5% humic acid solution → stir at 35℃ for 1 hour → dry at 105℃ for 2 hours → modify carrier skeleton; Mixing: Modified carrier skeleton + 20kg soil conditioner + 20kg humic acid coated urea → Stir at 30℃ and 500r / min for 25 minutes → Add 15kg calcium alginate microspheres + 6kg microbial agent complex → Stir at 300r / min for 20 minutes → Add 1kg deionized water → Moisture content 21%.

[0025] Step 4: Granulation and Coating Granulation: Add 2.5kg CMS-Na → stir for 10 minutes → granulate by ring die (3mm die hole) → dry in fluidized bed (inlet air 50℃, outlet air 35℃) → moisture content 7.5% → semi-finished granules; Coating: Prepare a coating solution of 5% humic acid + 2% gum arabic → spray (5kg) → dry at 35℃ for 1.5 hours → finished granules.

[0026] Step 5: Testing and Packaging Detection: viable bacteria count 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / g, 24h nitrogen release rate 12%, 90-day cumulative nitrogen release rate 88.5%, particle strength 22N, moisture content 7.5%; Packaging: 25kg / bag vacuum packaging.

[0027] Example 2 (Formula for Saline-Alkali Soil) 1. Raw material usage (based on 100kg) 30 kg of slow-release matrix (12 kg of calcium alginate microspheres, 18 kg of humic acid-coated urea), 7 kg of biological functional bacteria (3.5 kg of gelatinous Bacillus, 2.5 kg of fluorescent Pseudomonas, 1 kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 25 kg of soil amendment (10 kg of humic acid, 12 kg of activated attapulgite soil, 3 kg of gypsum powder), 30 kg of modified carrier skeleton (18 kg of decomposed straw powder, 12 kg of peanut shell charcoal), and 8 kg of survival and shaping aids (same as in Example 1).

[0028] 2. Differences in preparation process Step 1: Calcium alginate microspheres: Add 2% gypsum powder to the aqueous phase to enhance salt reduction capacity; Step 3: Carrier activation: Increase the concentration of humic acid solution to 8% to enhance sodium ion adsorption; Step 4: Coating: Add 3% activated attapulgite powder to the coating solution to enhance cation exchange capacity.

[0029] Example 3 (Special Formula for Soils with Continuous Cropping Obstacles) 1. Raw material usage (based on 100kg) 38 kg of slow-release matrix (18 kg of calcium alginate microspheres, 20 kg of humic acid-coated urea), 8 kg of biological functional bacteria (4 kg of gelatinous Bacillus, 3 kg of fluorescent Pseudomonas, 1 kg of Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 18 kg of soil amendment (15 kg of humic acid, 2 kg of activated attapulgite soil, 1 kg of gypsum powder), 30 kg of modified carrier skeleton (22 kg of decomposed straw powder, 8 kg of peanut shell charcoal), and 6 kg of survival and shaping aids (4 kg of maltodextrin, 1.8 kg of CMS-Na, 0.2 kg of vitamin C).

[0030] 2. Differences in preparation process Step 2: Activation of bacterial agent: The culture time of Pseudomonas fluorescens was extended to 2 hours, and the siderophore yield reached 20 μmol / L; Step 3: Mixing: Add 1% chitinase (enzyme activity 800U / g) to enhance the degradation of pathogens; Step 4: Drying: The inlet air temperature of the fluidized bed is reduced to 45℃ to protect the high bacterial count and activity.

[0031] III. Comparative Example Design and Preparation Comparative Example 1 (without calcium alginate microspheres, simulating commercially available single-coated slow-release fertilizer) Raw material differences: 15kg of calcium alginate microspheres were removed, and humic acid-coated urea was increased to 35kg; the rest were the same as in Example 1. Process differences: Step 1, microsphere preparation, is omitted; 35 kg of humic acid-coated urea is directly mixed; the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 2 (without biological agents, simulating commercially available chemical fertilizers) Raw material differences: 6 kg of biological agent was removed and replaced with 5 kg of decomposed straw powder + 1 kg of humic acid, the rest is the same as in Example 1; Process differences: Step 2, bacterial agent treatment, is omitted; the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0033] Comparative Example 3 (Ordinary composting carrier, simulating commercially available ordinary bio-organic fertilizer) Raw material difference: 30kg of modified carrier skeleton was replaced with 30kg of ordinary compost (C / N ratio 25:1, porosity 30%), the rest is the same as in Example 1; Process differences: Step 3, carrier activation, is omitted; ordinary compost is used directly for mixing; the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0034] IV. Performance Testing Methods and Results 1. Sample preparation After sealing, the finished products of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were placed in a constant temperature environment of 25℃. Field trials were conducted on saline-alkali soil (pH 9.0, EC 5.2 mS / cm), continuously cropped cucumber soil (35% incidence of Fusarium wilt), and degraded farmland (0.8% organic matter). Each group was replicated 3 times, and the application dosage was 200 kg / mu.

[0035] 2. Testing Methods Sustained-release performance: Nitrogen release rate at different time points was determined by Kjeldahl method under constant temperature oscillation at 25℃, in accordance with GB / T23348-2020. Live bacteria stability: After storage for 0 days, 60 days, and 120 days, the number of live bacteria was measured by plate counting method, and the decay rate was calculated. Soil improvement: pH and EC were measured 30 days after application to saline-alkali soil; organic matter was measured using the potassium dichromate method 60 days after application to degraded farmland. Disease control: Investigate the incidence of wilt disease 45 days after continuous application of the soil and calculate the inhibition rate.

[0036] 3. Test Results

[0037] V. Results Analysis The necessity of the double-layer slow-release structure: Comparative Example 1, without calcium alginate microspheres, had a nitrogen cumulative release rate of only 62.3% after 90 days, and a high release rate in the early stage, proving that the double-layer slow-release structure can significantly improve the long-term nutrient supply capacity and solve the defects of commercially available single-coated fertilizers.

[0038] Synergistic effect of biological agents: In Comparative Example 2, without biological agents, the wilt disease inhibition rate was only 25.2%, far lower than the 68.3% in Example 1, verifying the irreplaceable role of microorganisms in disease control, an effect that chemical fertilizers cannot achieve.

[0039] Key value of modified carriers: Comparative example 3 uses ordinary compost carriers, with a viable bacteria attenuation rate of 42.6% and an increase in organic matter of only 0.25%, proving that modified carriers can provide a stable microenvironment for microorganisms and improve their survival and fertilizer retention capabilities.

[0040] Example compatibility: Example 2 is suitable for saline-alkali soil (pH drops to 7.6), and Example 3 is suitable for continuously cropped soil (inhibition rate 72.5%), proving that the product can specifically solve different soil problems and is a flexible supermarket fertilizer.

[0041] in conclusion This invention, through an innovative design of "double-layer slow-release structure - modified carrier - functional microorganisms," produces a high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer for soil improvement. This fertilizer simultaneously achieves long-term nutrient supply, comprehensive soil improvement, and biological disease control, solving the technical pain points of existing fertilizers such as single function, poor slow-release performance, and easy inactivation of microorganisms. Its process parameters are clearly defined and highly operable, suitable for industrial production, and it has significant application value and market prospects in the fields of salinization, continuous cropping obstacles, and degraded farmland improvement.

[0042] The above description of the embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that, According to the mass percentage, the slow-release base material is 30%-38%, the biological functional bacteria agent is 6%-8%, the soil improvement auxiliary agent is 18%-25%, the modified carrier skeleton is 30%, and the preservative and molding auxiliary agent is 6%-8%. The slow-release matrix is compounded by calcium alginate microspheres and humic acid coated urea with a mass ratio of (12-18):(18-20), the particle size of the calcium alginate microspheres is 100-150 μm, the cross-linking degree is 85%, and the embedding rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is greater than or equal to 90%; the nitrogen content of the humic acid coated urea is 46%, the slow-release period is 90 days, and the coating thickness is 50 μm; the biological functional bacteria agent is compounded by jelly-like Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the viable bacterial counts are greater than or equal to 10 10 CFU / g for jelly-like Paenibacillus, greater than or equal to 10 9 CFU / g for Pseudomonas fluorescens, and greater than or equal to 10 8 CFU / g for Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the soil improvement aid contains water-soluble humic acid 10%-15%, activated attapulgite 2%-12% and gypsum powder 1%-3%, the organic matter content of the water-soluble humic acid is greater than or equal to 85%, the activated attapulgite is activated by 0.5 mol / L sulfuric acid, the specific surface area is greater than or equal to 150 m 2 / g, the cation exchange capacity is greater than or equal to 80 mmol / 100 g, and the particle size of the gypsum powder is less than or equal to 5 μm; the modified carrier skeleton is mixed by humified straw powder and peanut shell charcoal with a mass ratio of 2:1, the C / N ratio of the humified straw powder is 15:1, and the particle size is 0.5-1 mm, the peanut shell charcoal is carbonized at 450°C in an anaerobic environment, the porosity is greater than or equal to 55%, and the water holding capacity is greater than or equal to 250%; the preservative and molding aid contains malt dextrin 4%-5%, carboxymethyl starch sodium 1.8%-2.5% and vitamin C 0.2%-0.5%.

2. The soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calcium alginate microspheres are prepared by mixing 2% sodium alginate aqueous solution and compound fertilizer with N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15 at a mass ratio of 1:2, emulsifying by liquid paraffin, and crosslinking by calcium chloride.

3. The soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biological functional bacteria agent, the jelly-like Paenibacillus potassium solution ability is greater than or equal to 20 mg / L d, the fluorescent pseudomonas siderophore production ability is greater than or equal to 15 μmol / L, and the saccharomyces cerevisiae secretory auxin ability is greater than or equal to 5 μg / L.

4. The soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified carrier skeleton is activated by 5%-8% humic acid solution, and the activation condition is 35°C, 400r / min stirring for 1 hour, and the water content after drying is ≤12%.

5. The preparation method of the soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: calcium alginate microsphere preparation: 2% sodium alginate aqueous solution and compound fertilizer are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2 to prepare an aqueous phase, and then the aqueous phase is mixed and emulsified with liquid paraffin containing 0.25% Span-80 at a water / oil ratio of 1:2, 5% calcium chloride solution is added dropwise for crosslinking reaction for 2 hours, and then the calcium alginate microspheres are obtained after washing and drying; S2: biological functional bacteria agent compound: the gelatin-like bacillus, pseudomonas fluorescens and saccharomyces cerevisiae are respectively activated to the concentration of 10 10 CFU / mL, 10 9 CFU / mL, 10 8 CFU / mL, and mixed according to the volume ratio of 3:2:1, and vitamin C and malt dextrin are added to prepare a bacteria agent-preservative compound. S3: mixing of modified carrier and raw materials: the rotten straw powder and peanut shell charcoal are mixed at a ratio of 2:1, and then the modified carrier skeleton is prepared by activating with 5%-8% humic acid solution, and then the calcium alginate microspheres and the bacteria agent-preservation agent compound are added after mixing with the soil improvement auxiliary agent and the humic acid coated urea, and the water content is controlled to be 20%-22%; S4: granulation and coating: sodium carboxymethyl starch is added and stirred, and then extrusion granulation is performed, 3mm particle size granules are dried in a fluidized bed to a water content of ≤8%, 5% humic acid+2% arabic gum coating liquid is sprayed, and the product is obtained after drying at 35°C for 1.5 hours.

6. The preparation method of the soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the step S1, the amount of calcium chloride solution is 5 times the mass of the aqueous phase, the dropping speed is 2mL / min, the crosslinking reaction temperature is 25°C, and the rotation speed is 500r / min.

7. The preparation method of the soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the step S2, the bacteria agent activation is performed by using sterile water containing 1% malt dextrin, and the bacteria agent is cultured at 30°C and 180r / min for 1.5-2 hours, and the mass ratio of the bacteria solution to the preservative is 3:

1.

8. The preparation method of the soil improvement high-efficiency slow-release bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the step S4, the extrusion granulation temperature is ≤45°C, the fluidized bed inlet air temperature is 45-50°C, the outlet air temperature is 35°C, and the amount of coating liquid is 5% of the mass of the granules.

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