Observation device for integrally measuring slope surface runoff and soil side water seepage amount

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrological process observation, and particularly relates to an observation device for integrally measuring slope surface runoff and soil side water seepage amount. Comprising a columnar observation main body and a water volume automatic measurement module, the columnar observation main body is divided into a surface runoff collection area with an opening in one side and a plurality of soil middle side seepage collection areas through a plurality of partition plates, and the surface runoff collection area is used for collecting surface runoff; the mid-soil side seepage collecting area is used for collecting mid-soil side seepage of different depths; the water volume automatic measurement module comprises a water outlet pipe and a plurality of water volume metering units, the plurality of water volume metering units are connected with the surface runoff collection area and the mid-soil side seepage collection areas through the water outlet pipe, and the water volume metering units respectively record water volume data collected in the areas. According to the invention, simultaneous and same-site observation of surface runoff and lateral seepage in soil is realized, the observation timeliness of the slope hydrological process is effectively improved, and powerful support is provided for accurate analysis of the slope hydrological process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrological process observation technology, and specifically relates to an integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration. Background Technology

[0002] Slope hydrological processes are an important research area in soil and water conservation, serving as crucial reference indicators for formulating and implementing soil and water conservation measures. They are also of great significance in ecological protection and the restoration of degraded systems. In slope hydrological process research, after rainfall events, water on the slope mainly manifests as surface evapotranspiration, soil infiltration, surface runoff, and lateral seepage. Apart from surface evapotranspiration, surface runoff and lateral seepage are the main water transport pathways, ultimately converging into the water system (surface water and groundwater) at the foot of the slope, providing water supply to the water system (lakes, rivers, etc.) within the watershed and maintaining the stable development of the ecosystem.

[0003] Research methods for slope runoff have received widespread attention. Observations are typically conducted using either field measurements or laboratory simulations. Field measurements often employ the runoff plot method, collecting runoff from a specific slope section after rainfall and then measuring the collected water volume to obtain the slope surface runoff volume. Laboratory simulations mainly involve artificially setting up slopes and simulating rainfall processes to collect slope surface runoff volume, establish simulation models, and obtain characteristic values ​​of slope runoff volume. Field measurements can more accurately describe the actual occurrence characteristics of slope surface runoff and have been widely used in previous studies.

[0004] Besides surface runoff, soil moisture transport is another important pathway for slope water movement. During rainfall, water infiltrates into the soil and flows downhill along the slope angle, eventually accumulating at the toe of the slope or seeping out from the toe. Slope soil lateral seepage is typically estimated using methods such as direct field observation, mathematical modeling, and soil water potential difference. Among these, direct field observation of soil lateral seepage has received widespread attention due to its high accuracy and timeliness.

[0005] Currently, in slope hydrological process research, the measurement of surface runoff and interflow is a separate measurement project. In field measurements, it is necessary to use surface runoff observation devices and interflow lateral flow observation devices separately, which not only increases the workload and number of devices, but also makes it difficult to simultaneously and accurately obtain the quantitative characteristics of surface runoff and interflow lateral flow at the same slope location. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the current situation where surface runoff and soil lateral seepage are observed separately, and the problem that they cannot be observed simultaneously and at the same location, this invention proposes an integrated observation device for measuring surface runoff and soil lateral seepage. This device can simultaneously and at the same location observe surface runoff and soil lateral seepage, and can also simultaneously perform stratified observation of soil lateral seepage.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides an integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration, comprising a columnar observation body and an automatic water volume measurement module;

[0009] The columnar observation body is divided into a surface runoff collection area and multiple soil lateral seepage collection areas set from top to bottom by multiple partitions. Both the surface runoff collection area and each soil lateral seepage collection area are open on one side. The surface runoff collection area is used to collect surface runoff; the multiple soil lateral seepage collection areas independently collect soil lateral seepage at different depths.

[0010] The automatic water measurement module includes an outlet pipe and multiple water metering units. The multiple water metering units are connected to the surface runoff collection area and the soil infiltration collection area through the outlet pipe. The multiple water metering units record the water volume data collected in each area.

[0011] The columnar observation body is a triangular prism formed by an upper cover plate, a bottom plate, and side plates; multiple partitions are located between the upper cover plate and the bottom plate, and are parallel to the upper cover plate and the bottom plate.

[0012] The uppermost partition is installed 15cm below the upper cover plate. The space between the partition and the upper cover plate is the surface runoff collection area. When in use, the surface runoff collection area is located above the ground surface.

[0013] The top cover, bottom plate, side plate and partition are all made of 3mm thick iron plate, and the top cover, bottom plate and partition are all isosceles triangles.

[0014] Each partition has a water outlet at the corner opposite to the opening. The water outlet is connected to the water outlet pipe, which is led out from the side opening of the columnar observation body and guides the collected water into the water metering unit connected to it.

[0015] Each of the water metering units is connected to the data acquisition unit via a data cable.

[0016] The spacing between two adjacent partitions can be adjusted according to experimental requirements to enable the observation of lateral seepage in the soil at different depths.

[0017] The columnar observation body is buried perpendicular to the slope, with its open end facing upwards. An equipment room is provided on the side opposite to the opening of the columnar observation body. Multiple supports are spaced apart from top to bottom in the equipment room, and each support holds one of the water metering units.

[0018] The equipment room is constructed of brick walls.

[0019] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides an integrated device for measuring slope surface runoff and interflow, which integrates the functions of surface runoff measurement and interflow measurement. This device can be used to measure the quantitative characteristics of slope surface runoff and interflow at one time, effectively improving the observation timeliness of slope hydrological processes and providing strong support for accurate analysis of slope hydrological processes.

[0020] This invention integrates dual observation functions, eliminating the need for separate observation devices of two types, reducing equipment investment and observation workload. It enables simultaneous observation of surface runoff and soil lateral seepage at the same slope location, ensuring data spatiotemporal consistency and improving the accuracy of slope hydrological process analysis. The soil lateral seepage module supports stratified observation, acquiring water transport data at different soil depths to meet diverse research needs. The use of an automated measurement and data acquisition system improves observation timeliness and reduces human error.

[0021] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an integrated device for measuring slope surface runoff and interflow according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a side view of an integrated device for measuring slope surface runoff and interflow according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view of an integrated device for measuring slope surface runoff and interflow according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the installation of an integrated device for measuring slope surface runoff and interflow according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Top view;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the integrated slope surface runoff and interflow measurement device of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Top cover; 2. Partition; 3. Outlet pipe; 4. Water metering unit; 5. Side plate; 6. Bottom plate; 7. Opening; 8. Outlet; 9. Brick wall; 10. Equipment room; 11. Support; 12. Data cable; 13. Data acquisition device; 14. Soil; 15. Surface; 16. Water flow direction. Detailed Implementation

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides an integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral seepage, including a columnar observation body and an automatic water measurement module; wherein the columnar observation body is divided into a surface runoff collection area and multiple soil lateral seepage collection areas arranged from top to bottom by multiple partitions 2, and both the surface runoff collection area and each soil lateral seepage collection area have an opening 7 on one side. The surface runoff collection area is used to collect surface runoff; the multiple soil lateral seepage collection areas independently collect soil lateral seepage at different depths; the automatic water measurement module includes a water outlet pipe 3 and multiple water metering units 4, the multiple water metering units 4 are connected to the surface runoff collection area and each soil lateral seepage collection area through the water outlet pipe 3, and the multiple water metering units 4 record the water volume data collected in each area respectively.

[0034] See Figures 1 to 3As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the columnar observation body is a triangular prism formed by the upper cover plate 1, the bottom plate 6 and the side plate 5; multiple partitions 2 are located between the upper cover plate 1 and the bottom plate 6, and are parallel to the upper cover plate 1 and the bottom plate 6.

[0035] Furthermore, the uppermost partition 2 is installed 15cm below the upper cover plate 1. The space between the partition 2 and the upper cover plate 1 is the surface runoff collection area. When in use, the surface runoff collection area is located above the ground surface.

[0036] Specifically, the top cover plate 1, bottom plate 6, side plate 5, and partition plate 2 are all made of 3mm thick iron plate, and the top cover plate 1, bottom plate 6, and partition plate 2 are all isosceles triangles. In this embodiment, the side length of the triangular prism is designed to be 100cm, and the height of the prism is designed to be 165cm. The specific height can be determined by referring to the burial depth of the groundwater level in the measurement area, ensuring that the position of the bottom plate of the measuring device is 30cm higher than the capillary water rise height of the soil above the groundwater level in the observation area, so as to prevent groundwater from entering the observed soil layer through the capillary water rise path and affecting the observation accuracy.

[0037] Furthermore, each partition 2 is provided with a water outlet 8 at the corner opposite to the opening 7. The water outlet pipe 3 is connected to the water outlet 8 from the bottom of the partition 2. The water outlet pipe 3 is led out from the side opening of the columnar observation body and guides the collected water into the water metering unit 4 connected to it.

[0038] Furthermore, each water metering unit 4 is connected to the data acquisition unit 13 via data cable 12, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 As shown. Specifically, the water metering unit 4 uses a self-counting rain gauge.

[0039] Preferably, the interval between two adjacent baffles 2 is 50cm. By setting baffles 2 at different depths within the soil seepage collection area, the amount of soil seepage at different depths can be obtained. The installation position of the baffles can be determined according to the experimental requirements, and they can be installed at a certain distance below the uppermost baffle 2. For example, if a baffle 2 is set at a depth of 50cm, the amount of soil seepage in the 0-50cm, 50-100cm, and 100-150cm soil layers below the surface can be observed in layers.

[0040] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, during application, the columnar observation body is buried vertically in the soil 14, with the opening 7 facing upwards on the slope; the portion above the uppermost partition 2 extends above the ground surface 15; the portion below the ground surface 15 is filled with the original soil 14 according to the original soil layers and appropriately compacted; finally, the space around the pit is filled and compacted. An equipment room 10 is located on the side opposite the opening 7 of the columnar observation body. Multiple supports 11 are spaced apart from top to bottom inside the equipment room 10, and a water metering unit 4 is placed on each support 11. In this embodiment, the equipment room 10 is constructed of brick walls 9.

[0041] This invention provides an integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration, and its installation and measurement methods are as follows:

[0042] Installation Method: This observation device needs to be buried in the slope soil during use. First, dig an installation pit at the pre-observation location on the slope. The pit should be slightly larger than the device's volume. A space (equipment room) should be reserved at the rear of the pit to install the water metering unit 4. This reserved space should be a brick-concrete wall structure. A cuboid space, typically 50×100cm in cross-section, should be built at the rear of the pit. The interior of this space will be used to house the water outlet pipe, self-metering rain gauge, data cable, etc. (See...) Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. The main body of the device is buried perpendicular to the slope surface, with the open side of the column without a cover facing upwards. During installation, the part above the uppermost partition 2 of the device is above the ground surface, collecting surface runoff generated from the slope. The water volume is then measured by a self-counting rain gauge through the outlet at the rear, completing the surface runoff observation function. The part of the device below the ground surface is used to realize the observation function of soil lateral seepage. During installation, it needs to be buried in the slope soil, and according to the original soil stratification, the corresponding depth of undisturbed soil is filled into each partition, and the soil is appropriately compacted according to its original bulk density. After the observation device is installed in the installation pit, the outlet pipe at the rear of each partition layer is connected to the self-counting rain gauge in the rear space, and the data line 12 of the self-counting rain gauge is connected to the data acquisition device 13 on the ground surface. Finally, the space around the observation device pit is filled and compacted.

[0043] Measurement Method: After the above-mentioned device is installed, the surface of the observation area first needs to be restored to the natural state of the surrounding area, including the surface cover (litter layer, dry soil layer, etc.), slope gradient, etc., and then a period of natural settlement and recovery (usually requiring one natural growing season) is allowed to allow the soil around and inside the observation device to settle naturally, as closely as possible to the physical structure of the surrounding soil. During the experimental measurement, the water flow direction 16 is towards the opening 7 of the columnar observation body. Different measurement intervals can be set for the self-counting rain gauge as needed. The data is obtained through the data acquisition device 13, which obtains the water volume collected by each layer of the observation device within a specific time period. The water volume collected above the surface is the slope surface runoff, and the water volume collected in each layer below the surface is the lateral seepage flow in the soil at different depths on the slope. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 As shown.

[0044] This invention provides an integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral seepage. It is used to observe surface runoff and soil water transport processes in slope hydrological processes. Existing observation methods use different devices to measure surface runoff and soil seepage separately, making it difficult to simultaneously and accurately obtain parameters of surface runoff and soil lateral seepage at the same slope location. This invention integrates surface runoff measurement and soil lateral seepage measurement functions, enabling the simultaneous acquisition of quantitative characteristics of fixed-point surface runoff and soil lateral seepage on a slope using a single device. This effectively improves the timeliness of slope hydrological process observation and provides strong support for accurate analysis of slope hydrological processes.

[0045] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration, characterized in that, Includes a columnar observation module and an automatic water volume measurement module; The columnar observation body is divided into a surface runoff collection area and multiple soil lateral seepage collection areas set from top to bottom by multiple partitions. Both the surface runoff collection area and each soil lateral seepage collection area are open on one side. The surface runoff collection area is used to collect surface runoff; the multiple soil lateral seepage collection areas independently collect soil lateral seepage at different depths. The automatic water measurement module includes an outlet pipe and multiple water metering units. The multiple water metering units are connected to the surface runoff collection area and the soil infiltration collection area through the outlet pipe. The multiple water metering units record the water volume data collected in each area.

2. The integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The columnar observation body is a triangular prism formed by an upper cover plate, a bottom plate, and side plates; multiple partitions are located between the upper cover plate and the bottom plate, and are parallel to the upper cover plate and the bottom plate.

3. The integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The uppermost partition is installed 15cm below the upper cover plate. The space between the partition and the upper cover plate is the surface runoff collection area. When in use, the surface runoff collection area is located above the ground surface.

4. The integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The top cover, bottom plate, side plate and partition are all made of 3mm thick iron plate, and the top cover, bottom plate and partition are all isosceles triangles.

5. The integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each partition has a water outlet at the corner opposite to the opening. The water outlet is connected to the water outlet pipe, which is led out from the side opening of the columnar observation body and guides the collected water into the water metering unit connected to it.

6. The integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the water metering units is connected to the data acquisition unit via a data cable.

7. The integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent partitions can be adjusted according to experimental requirements to enable the observation of lateral seepage in the soil at different depths.

8. The integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The columnar observation body is buried perpendicular to the slope, with its open end facing upwards. An equipment room is provided on the side opposite to the opening of the columnar observation body. Multiple supports are spaced apart from top to bottom in the equipment room, and each support holds one of the water metering units.

9. The integrated observation device for measuring slope surface runoff and soil lateral infiltration as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The equipment room is constructed of brick walls.

Images