Multi-channel signal acquisition device for aviation noise detection
By using a multi-channel acoustic sensor array and advanced signal processing technology, the limitations of existing aviation noise detection devices have been overcome, enabling comprehensive and accurate aviation noise acquisition and processing, and improving data quality and environmental adaptability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511410672.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing aircraft noise detection devices are mostly single-channel or low-channel designs, which cannot fully capture the noise distribution characteristics of aircraft, and their signal filtering and noise reduction capabilities are insufficient, resulting in biased detection results and low data signal-to-noise ratio.
The system employs a multi-channel acoustic sensor array, signal conditioning module, data acquisition module, FPGA signal processing module, storage module, host computer interaction module, and power management module. Combined with anti-aliasing filter, adaptive wavelet threshold noise reduction algorithm, and fast Fourier transform technology, it achieves multi-channel synchronous acquisition, processing, and storage.
It achieves comprehensive and accurate acquisition of aviation noise, effectively filters out interference signals, improves data accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio, supports real-time display and historical data query, and is adaptable to complex airport environments.
Smart Images
Figure CN121323784A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation noise detection technology, specifically a multi-channel signal acquisition device for aviation noise detection. Background Technology
[0002] Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the air transport industry, aviation noise pollution in and around airports has become increasingly prominent. It not only affects the daily life and physical and mental health of residents, but also requires accurate detection data to support the formulation of noise control policies, the optimization of aircraft design, and airport site selection planning. Therefore, the importance of aviation noise detection is becoming increasingly apparent.
[0003] Current mainstream aviation noise acquisition devices are mostly designed with single channels or a small number of channels, which has obvious limitations: On the one hand, single-channel acquisition can only acquire local noise signals and cannot fully capture the spatial distribution characteristics of noise during aircraft takeoff, landing and cruise phases, which can easily lead to deviations in detection results due to incomplete signal coverage; on the other hand, airport environments are complex, with various interference signals such as ground traffic and equipment operation in addition to aviation noise. The signal filtering and noise reduction capabilities of existing devices are insufficient, making it difficult to effectively separate target noise from interference signals, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired data and affecting the accuracy of subsequent analysis. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-channel signal acquisition device for aviation noise detection, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: comprising a multi-channel acoustic sensor array, a signal conditioning module, a data acquisition module, an FPGA signal processing module, a storage module, a host computer interaction module, and a power management module; the multi-channel acoustic sensor array is used to synchronously capture aviation noise and output multiple analog noise signals; the signal conditioning module is electrically connected to the multi-channel acoustic sensor array, performing filtering, amplification, and impedance matching processing on the analog noise signals to eliminate interference signals and optimize signal strength; the data acquisition module is electrically connected to the signal conditioning module, converting the conditioned analog noise signals into digital noise signals; the FPGA signal processing module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module, performing real-time noise reduction and time-domain-frequency domain conversion on the digital noise signals, extracting key features of the noise signals; the storage module is electrically connected to the FPGA signal processing module, storing the processed digital noise signals and acquisition parameters; the host computer interaction module is communicatively connected to the FPGA signal processing module, receiving and displaying the processed noise signal data, and supporting user configuration of parameters such as acquisition frequency and filtering range; the power management module provides stable power to each module and has voltage protection function.
[0006] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the multi-channel acoustic sensor array contains at least 8 acoustic sensors, which are arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern to ensure all-round capture of aviation noise; the sensitivity error of the acoustic sensors is controlled within ±1dB, and the frequency response covers the range of 20Hz-20kHz, which can accurately collect aviation noise signals in different frequency bands.
[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the signal conditioning module is composed of an anti-aliasing filter unit, a programmable gain amplifier unit, and an impedance conversion unit connected in sequence; the anti-aliasing filter unit adopts an 8th-order Butterworth low-pass filter, and the cutoff frequency can be adjusted by the FPGA signal processing module, with an adjustment range of 100Hz-15kHz, effectively suppressing high-frequency interference; the gain adjustment range of the programmable gain amplifier unit is 0-60dB, with an adjustment step of 1dB, and the amplification factor can be flexibly adjusted according to the noise signal intensity; the input impedance of the impedance conversion unit is not less than 10MΩ and the output impedance is not higher than 100Ω, ensuring the stability of signal transmission.
[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the data acquisition module adopts a multi-channel synchronous ADC chip, with the sampling time deviation of each channel not exceeding 10ns, ensuring the synchronization of multiple noise signals; the ADC chip resolution is not less than 16 bits, and the total harmonic distortion is not higher than -80dB, which can accurately convert analog noise signals and reduce signal distortion; the sampling rate can be adjusted according to the detection requirements to adapt to the acquisition frequency requirements of different aircraft noise.
[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the FPGA signal processing module adopts Xilinx Zynq series FPGA chip, equipped with an adaptive wavelet threshold noise reduction algorithm, which can automatically identify and filter out non-aviation noise interference in the environment; the time-domain to frequency-domain conversion adopts fast Fourier transform technology, and the number of FFT points supports three configurations: 1024 points, 2048 points, and 4096 points, which can be flexibly selected according to the requirements of noise signal analysis accuracy, and accurately extracts the frequency distribution characteristics of noise signals.
[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the storage module includes a DDR4 memory chip and an SD card storage unit; the DDR4 memory chip has a capacity of not less than 4GB and is used for temporary storage of digital noise signals processed in real time by the FPGA signal processing module to ensure smooth data processing; the SD card storage unit supports SDXC cards with a maximum capacity of 2TB, is compatible with both FAT32 and exFAT file systems, and has a data write rate of not less than 30MB / s to meet the storage requirements for long-term continuous acquisition.
[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the host computer interaction module supports both Ethernet and USB 3.0 communication methods, with an Ethernet communication rate of no less than 100Mbps and a USB 3.0 communication rate of no less than 5Gbps, enabling rapid transmission of noise signal data; the host computer software has a real-time display function, capable of displaying the time-domain waveform, frequency-domain spectrum, and sound pressure level values of noise signals from each channel, and supports historical data query and export.
[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the power management module adopts an isolated DC-DC converter, providing three voltage outputs: 5V / 3A, 3.3V / 5A, and 1.8V / 2A, to meet the power supply requirements of each module; the output voltage ripple does not exceed 50mV, ensuring stable operation of each module; it also has overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions, automatically cutting off the circuit when the power supply is abnormal to avoid damage to the device.
[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution, an environmental parameter acquisition module is also included. This module is electrically connected to the FPGA signal processing module and can acquire temperature, humidity, and air pressure data of the detection environment. The temperature acquisition range is -40℃ to 85℃ with an accuracy of ±0.5℃; the humidity acquisition range is 0%RH to 100%RH with an accuracy of ±3%RH; and the air pressure acquisition range is 30kPa to 110kPa with an accuracy of ±0.1kPa, providing basic parameters for the environmental impact analysis of noise detection data.
[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of this technical solution: the device housing is made of aluminum alloy with an anodized surface, achieving an IP65 protection rating to resist dust and rain, making it suitable for airport open-air testing scenarios; the housing is equipped with heat sinks and a cooling fan, with the fan speed automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the FPGA signal processing module. When the module temperature is above 60℃, the fan starts to dissipate heat, and when the temperature is below 40℃, the fan stops, ensuring the temperature stability of the device during long-term operation.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0016] 1. In this invention, a multi-channel acoustic sensor array containing at least eight hexagonally arranged sensors has a sensitivity error of ≤±1dB and a frequency response covering 20Hz-20kHz, enabling comprehensive capture of various aircraft noises. The signal conditioning module uses an 8th-order Butterworth low-pass filter to remove high-frequency interference. A 16-bit resolution multi-channel synchronous ADC chip with total harmonic distortion ≤-80dB reduces analog-to-digital conversion distortion. The FPGA module uses an adaptive wavelet threshold noise reduction algorithm to filter out environmental interference. Multiple steps ensure accurate and reliable data acquisition.
[0017] 2. In this invention, the FPGA signal processing module supports FFT point configurations of 1024 points, 2048 points, and 4096 points, which can be flexibly switched to quickly complete time-domain to frequency-domain conversion and extract key noise features. The storage module adopts a "≥4GB DDR4 memory + SD card" architecture. DDR4 ensures smooth real-time data processing, and the SD card supports a maximum capacity of 2TB and a write rate of ≥30MB / s to meet long-term storage requirements. The host computer transmits data at high speed via Ethernet or USB 3.0, displays waveforms, spectrum diagrams, etc. in real time, and also supports data query and export, improving overall efficiency.
[0018] 3. In this invention, the outer shell is made of anodized aluminum alloy with an IP65 protection rating, which can resist dust and rain in the open-air environment of the airport. The internal heat dissipation system automatically adjusts the fan according to the FPGA temperature to ensure temperature stability. The power management module uses an isolated DC-DC converter to provide three precise voltages, such as 5V / 3A, and has overvoltage, overcurrent and short circuit protection. The environmental parameter acquisition module accurately collects temperature, humidity and air pressure data to provide environmental correction basis for noise analysis and enhance reliability in complex environments. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a multi-channel signal acquisition device for aviation noise detection according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0023] Example
[0024] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a technical solution comprising a multi-channel acoustic sensor array, a signal conditioning module, a data acquisition module, an FPGA signal processing module, a storage module, a host computer interaction module, and a power management module. The multi-channel acoustic sensor array is used to synchronously capture aviation noise and output multiple analog noise signals. The signal conditioning module is electrically connected to the multi-channel acoustic sensor array and performs filtering, amplification, and impedance matching processing on the analog noise signals to eliminate interference signals and optimize signal strength. The data acquisition module is electrically connected to the signal conditioning module and converts the conditioned analog noise signals into digital noise signals. The FPGA signal processing module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and performs real-time noise reduction, time-domain-frequency domain conversion, and extraction of key noise signal features. The storage module is electrically connected to the FPGA signal processing module and stores the processed digital noise signals and acquisition parameters. The host computer interaction module is communicatively connected to the FPGA signal processing module, receives and displays the processed noise signal data, and supports user configuration of parameters such as acquisition frequency and filtering range. The power management module provides stable power supply to each module and has voltage protection function.
[0025] The system comprises a multi-channel acoustic sensor array that synchronously captures aviation noise and outputs multiple analog noise signals. After filtering, amplification, and impedance matching by the signal conditioning module, the signals are converted into digital noise signals by the data acquisition module. The FPGA signal processing module performs real-time noise reduction and time-domain-frequency domain conversion on the digital noise signals to extract key features. The storage module stores the processed data and parameters. The host computer interaction module receives and displays the data and supports parameter configuration. The power management module provides stable power supply and has voltage protection functions. This enables multi-channel synchronous acquisition, processing, storage, and interaction of aviation noise, ensuring a stable and reliable acquisition process.
[0026] In this embodiment, specifically: the multi-channel acoustic sensor array contains at least 8 acoustic sensors, each arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern to ensure all-round capture of aviation noise; the sensitivity error of the acoustic sensors is controlled within ±1dB, and the frequency response covers the range of 20Hz-20kHz, enabling accurate acquisition of aviation noise signals in different frequency bands.
[0027] It should be noted that the eight acoustic sensors are arranged in a hexagonal pattern to achieve all-round capture of aviation noise. The specific sensitivity error and frequency response range ensure accurate signal acquisition, which is used to collect aviation noise signals in different frequency bands in an all-round and accurate manner.
[0028] In this embodiment, specifically: the signal conditioning module consists of an anti-aliasing filter unit, a programmable gain amplifier unit, and an impedance conversion unit connected in sequence; the anti-aliasing filter unit adopts an 8th-order Butterworth low-pass filter, and the cutoff frequency can be adjusted by the FPGA signal processing module, with an adjustment range of 100Hz-15kHz, effectively suppressing high-frequency interference; the gain adjustment range of the programmable gain amplifier unit is 0-60dB, with an adjustment step of 1dB, which can flexibly adjust the amplification factor according to the noise signal intensity; the input impedance of the impedance conversion unit is not less than 10MΩ and the output impedance is not higher than 100Ω, ensuring the stability of signal transmission.
[0029] It is important to understand that the anti-aliasing filter unit suppresses high-frequency interference, the programmable gain amplifier unit adjusts the amplification factor according to the signal strength, and the impedance conversion unit ensures stable signal transmission; thereby eliminating interference signals, optimizing signal strength, and ensuring signal transmission stability.
[0030] In this embodiment, specifically: the data acquisition module adopts a multi-channel synchronous ADC chip, with the sampling time deviation of each channel not exceeding 10ns, ensuring the synchronization of multiple noise signals; the ADC chip resolution is not less than 16 bits, and the total harmonic distortion is not higher than -80dB, which can accurately convert analog noise signals and reduce signal distortion; the sampling rate can be adjusted according to the detection requirements to adapt to the acquisition frequency requirements of different aircraft noise.
[0031] Among them, the multi-channel synchronous ADC chip converts analog signals into digital signals, controls sampling time deviation, ensures resolution and total harmonic distortion index, flexibly adjusts the sampling rate, ensures the synchronization of multiple noise signals, accurately converts analog signals, reduces distortion, and adapts to different acquisition frequency requirements.
[0032] In this embodiment, specifically: the FPGA signal processing module uses a Xilinx Zynq series FPGA chip, equipped with an adaptive wavelet threshold noise reduction algorithm, which can automatically identify and filter out non-aviation noise interference in the environment; the time-domain to frequency-domain conversion adopts fast Fourier transform technology, and the number of FFT points supports three configurations: 1024 points, 2048 points, and 4096 points, which can be flexibly selected according to the requirements of noise signal analysis accuracy, and accurately extracts the frequency distribution characteristics of noise signals.
[0033] It should be noted that the FPGA chip filters out non-aviation noise interference through an adaptive wavelet threshold denoising algorithm and uses fast Fourier transform technology for time-domain to frequency-domain conversion, providing three FFT point configurations to automatically filter out interference, accurately extract the frequency distribution characteristics of noise signals, and adapt to different analysis accuracy requirements.
[0034] In this embodiment, specifically: the storage module includes a DDR4 memory chip and an SD card storage unit; the DDR4 memory chip has a capacity of not less than 4GB and is used to temporarily store the digital noise signals processed in real time by the FPGA signal processing module to ensure smooth data processing; the SD card storage unit supports SDXC cards with a maximum capacity of 2TB, is compatible with both FAT32 and exFAT file systems, and has a data write rate of not less than 30MB / s to meet the storage requirements for long-term continuous acquisition.
[0035] It should also be noted that the DDR4 memory chip temporarily stores the digital noise signal processed in real time, while the SD card storage unit stores data for a long time, supports large capacity and specific file systems, and ensures write speed to guarantee smooth data processing and meet the storage requirements of long-term continuous acquisition.
[0036] In this embodiment, specifically: the host computer interaction module supports two communication methods, Ethernet and USB 3.0, with an Ethernet communication rate of no less than 100Mbps and a USB 3.0 communication rate of no less than 5Gbps, which can quickly transmit noise signal data; the host computer software has a real-time display function, which can display the time domain waveform, frequency domain spectrum and sound pressure level value of the noise signal of each channel, and supports historical data query and export.
[0037] Data is transmitted via both Ethernet and USB 3.0, and the host computer software displays relevant charts and values in real time, supporting data querying and export; thus enabling rapid data transmission, real-time data display, and historical data management.
[0038] In this embodiment, specifically: the power management module adopts an isolated DC-DC converter, providing three voltage outputs: 5V / 3A, 3.3V / 5A, and 1.8V / 2A, to adapt to the power supply requirements of each module; the output voltage ripple does not exceed 50mV, ensuring stable operation of each module; it also has overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions, automatically cutting off the circuit when the power supply is abnormal to avoid damage to the device.
[0039] It should be noted that the isolated DC-DC converter provides three voltage outputs, controls voltage ripple, and automatically cuts off the circuit in case of power supply abnormality; thus adapting to the power supply requirements of each module, ensuring the stable operation of each module, and avoiding damage to the device.
[0040] In this embodiment, specifically: it also includes an environmental parameter acquisition module, which is electrically connected to the FPGA signal processing module and can acquire temperature, humidity, and air pressure data of the detection environment; the temperature acquisition range is -40℃ to 85℃, with an accuracy of ±0.5℃; the humidity acquisition range is 0%RH to 100%RH, with an accuracy of ±3%RH; the air pressure acquisition range is 30kPa to 110kPa, with an accuracy of ±0.1kPa, providing basic parameters for the environmental impact analysis of noise detection data.
[0041] The system collects temperature, humidity, and air pressure data through an environmental parameter acquisition module and transmits them to an FPGA signal processing module. Each parameter has a specific acquisition range and accuracy, thus providing basic parameters for the environmental impact analysis of noise detection data.
[0042] In this embodiment, specifically: the device housing is made of aluminum alloy with an anodized surface, achieving an IP65 protection rating to resist dust and rain, making it suitable for airport open-air testing scenarios; the housing is equipped with heat sinks and a cooling fan, with the fan speed automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the FPGA signal processing module. When the module temperature is above 60°C, the fan starts to dissipate heat, and when the temperature is below 40°C, the fan stops, ensuring the temperature stability of the device during long-term operation.
[0043] In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy shell is anodized to achieve dust and water resistance, and the internal heat dissipation structure automatically adjusts the fan speed according to the FPGA temperature to resist dust and rain, making it suitable for airport outdoor scenarios and ensuring the temperature stability of the device during long-term operation.
[0044] Working principle or structural principle: First, a multi-channel acoustic sensor array consisting of at least 8 acoustic sensors arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern, with a sensitivity error within ±1dB and a frequency response covering 20Hz-20kHz, synchronously captures aviation noise and outputs multiple analog noise signals.
[0045] The analog noise signal is transmitted to a signal conditioning module consisting of an anti-aliasing filter unit, a programmable gain amplifier unit, and an impedance conversion unit connected in sequence. After filtering, amplification, and impedance matching, the signal is eliminated and the signal strength is optimized. The conditioned analog noise signal is then sent to a data acquisition module using a multi-channel synchronous ADC chip to be converted into a digital noise signal.
[0046] The digital noise signal is transmitted to the FPGA signal processing module using Xilinx Zynq series chips. Non-aviation noise interference is filtered out by an adaptive wavelet threshold denoising algorithm. At the same time, the fast Fourier transform technology is used to complete the time-domain to frequency-domain conversion to extract key features of the noise signal. The processed digital noise signal and the acquired parameters are stored in a storage module containing DDR4 memory chips and SD card storage units (supporting up to 2TB SDXC cards, compatible with FAT32 and exFAT file systems, with a write speed ≥30MB / s).
[0047] The host computer interaction module communicates with the FPGA signal processing module via Ethernet or USB 3.0. After receiving data, the host computer software displays the time-domain waveform, frequency-domain spectrum, and sound pressure level of each channel's noise signal in real time, and supports historical data query and export. The power management module uses an isolated DC-DC converter to provide 5V / 3A, 3.3V / 5A, and 1.8V / 2A voltage outputs, providing stable power to each module and having overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions.
[0048] Meanwhile, the environmental parameter acquisition module is electrically connected to the FPGA signal processing module to collect and detect ambient temperature (-40℃-85℃, accuracy ±0.5℃), humidity (0%RH-100%RH, accuracy ±3%RH), and air pressure (30kPa-110kPa, accuracy ±0.1kPa) data, providing basic parameters for the environmental impact analysis of noise detection data;
[0049] The device's casing is made of aluminum alloy with an anodized surface (IP65 protection rating) to resist dust and rain, making it suitable for airport open-air testing scenarios. The casing contains heat sinks and cooling fans. The fans automatically adjust according to the temperature of the FPGA signal processing module (starting when the temperature is above 60℃ and stopping when it is below 40℃), ensuring the temperature stability of the device during long-term operation, and ultimately achieving accurate and stable acquisition and processing of aviation noise.
[0050] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
[0051] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0052] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection, characterized in that: The system includes a multi-channel acoustic sensor array, a signal conditioning module, a data acquisition module, an FPGA signal processing module, a storage module, a host computer interaction module, and a power management module. The multi-channel acoustic sensor array is used to synchronously capture aviation noise and output multiple analog noise signals. The signal conditioning module is electrically connected to the multi-channel acoustic sensor array and performs filtering, amplification, and impedance matching on the analog noise signals to eliminate interference and optimize signal strength. The data acquisition module is electrically connected to the signal conditioning module and converts the conditioned analog noise signals into digital noise signals. The FPGA signal processing module is electrically connected to the data acquisition module and performs real-time noise reduction, time-domain-frequency domain conversion, and extraction of key noise signal features. The storage module is electrically connected to the FPGA signal processing module and stores the processed digital noise signal and acquisition parameters; the host computer interaction module is communicatively connected to the FPGA signal processing module, receives and displays the processed noise signal data, and supports user configuration of parameters such as acquisition frequency and filtering range; the power management module provides stable power supply to each module and has voltage protection function.
2. The multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-channel acoustic sensor array contains at least eight acoustic sensors arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern to ensure all-around capture of aviation noise. The sensitivity error of the acoustic sensors is controlled within ±1dB, and the frequency response covers the range of 20Hz-20kHz, enabling accurate acquisition of aviation noise signals in different frequency bands.
3. The multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal conditioning module consists of an anti-aliasing filter unit, a programmable gain amplifier unit, and an impedance conversion unit connected in sequence. The anti-aliasing filter unit uses an 8th-order Butterworth low-pass filter, and its cutoff frequency can be adjusted by the FPGA signal processing module within a range of 100Hz-15kHz, effectively suppressing high-frequency interference. The programmable gain amplifier unit has a gain adjustment range of 0-60dB with an adjustment step of 1dB, allowing for flexible adjustment of the amplification factor according to the noise signal intensity. The impedance conversion unit has an input impedance of no less than 10MΩ and an output impedance of no more than 100Ω, ensuring signal transmission stability.
4. The multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module uses a multi-channel synchronous ADC chip, with a sampling time deviation of no more than 10ns for each channel, ensuring the synchronization of multiple noise signals; the ADC chip has a resolution of no less than 16 bits and a total harmonic distortion of no more than -80dB, which can accurately convert analog noise signals and reduce signal distortion; the sampling rate can be adjusted according to the detection requirements to adapt to the acquisition frequency requirements of different aircraft noise.
5. A multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The FPGA signal processing module uses Xilinx Zynq series FPGA chips and is equipped with an adaptive wavelet threshold noise reduction algorithm, which can automatically identify and filter out non-aviation noise interference in the environment. The time-domain to frequency-domain conversion adopts fast Fourier transform technology, and the number of FFT points supports three configurations: 1024 points, 2048 points, and 4096 points. It can be flexibly selected according to the requirements of noise signal analysis accuracy, and accurately extracts the frequency distribution characteristics of noise signals.
6. A multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage module includes a DDR4 memory chip and an SD card storage unit; the DDR4 memory chip has a capacity of no less than 4GB and is used to temporarily store digital noise signals processed in real time by the FPGA signal processing module to ensure smooth data processing; the SD card storage unit supports SDXC cards with a maximum capacity of 2TB, is compatible with both FAT32 and exFAT file systems, and has a data write rate of no less than 30MB / s to meet the storage requirements for long-term continuous acquisition.
7. A multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The host computer interaction module supports both Ethernet and USB 3.0 communication methods. The Ethernet communication rate is no less than 100Mbps, and the USB 3.0 communication rate is no less than 5Gbps, which can quickly transmit noise signal data. The host computer software has a real-time display function, which can display the time domain waveform, frequency domain spectrum and sound pressure level value of the noise signal of each channel, and supports historical data query and export.
8. A multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module uses an isolated DC-DC converter, providing three voltage outputs: 5V / 3A, 3.3V / 5A, and 1.8V / 2A, to meet the power supply requirements of each module. The output voltage ripple does not exceed 50mV, ensuring stable operation of each module. It also has overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions, automatically cutting off the circuit when the power supply is abnormal to prevent damage to the device.
9. A multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an environmental parameter acquisition module, which is electrically connected to the FPGA signal processing module and can acquire temperature, humidity and air pressure data of the detection environment; the temperature acquisition range is -40℃ to 85℃, with an accuracy of ±0.5℃; the humidity acquisition range is 0%RH to 100%RH, with an accuracy of ±3%RH; the air pressure acquisition range is 30kPa to 110kPa, with an accuracy of ±0.1kPa, providing basic parameters for the environmental impact analysis of noise detection data.
10. A multi-channel signal acquisition device for aircraft noise detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device's casing is made of aluminum alloy with an anodized surface, achieving an IP65 protection rating to resist dust and rain, making it suitable for airport open-air testing scenarios. Inside the casing are heat sinks and cooling fans. The fan speed is automatically adjusted according to the temperature of the FPGA signal processing module. When the module temperature is above 60°C, the fan starts to dissipate heat, and when the temperature is below 40°C, the fan stops, ensuring the temperature stability of the device during long-term operation.