Preparation method of ice ridge model capable of regulating and controlling underwater crushed ice accumulation form in ice water pool

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of an ice ridge model capable of regulating and controlling the accumulation form of underwater crushed ice in an ice water pool, the ice ridge model comprises a water surface consolidation layer and an underwater crushed ice accumulation layer, the ice ridge model is prepared in the ice water pool, the water surface consolidation layer of the ice ridge model is a part of a mother ice layer, and the underwater crushed ice accumulation layer is a part of the mother ice layer. The underwater crushed ice stacking layer is formed by submerging and stacking crushed ice blocks formed by breaking strip-shaped ice obtained by cutting a mother ice layer; the preparation device of the ice ridge model comprises an inclined baffle plate, a fastening rotating shaft and a connecting rod; a vertical push plate and a driving device; the inclined baffle is connected with the connecting rod through a fastening rotating shaft. The fastening rotating shaft is used for adjusting the angle to change the included angle between the inclined baffle and the horizontal plane, namely the inclination angle. And the vertical push plate is fixedly connected with the driving device and can longitudinally move along the ice water pool through the driving device.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ship and ocean engineering technology, in particular to a preparation method of an ice ridge model. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ice ridge is an extreme ice condition formed by the mutual extrusion, crushing and stacking of sea ice under the action of ocean dynamics. Ice ridge mainly includes three parts: a large and closely arranged ice rubble pile under water, a solid frozen layer on the water surface, and a small-scale ice rubble pile on the water surface.

[0003] In recent years, with the global temperature rising, the coverage area and thickness of Arctic sea ice are continuously decreasing, and the navigation and resource development in the Arctic region continue to advance. Ships and polar equipment inevitably enter the Arctic region and will inevitably face various ice conditions. Compared with other ice conditions, ice ridge is one of the types of sea ice that poses the greatest threat to ships and polar equipment. Therefore, ship resistance or propulsion model tests and ocean engineering structure ice ridge impact model tests are often carried out under ice ridge conditions to evaluate the ultimate icebreaking or ice resistance capacity of the structure.

[0004] The existing ice ridge model preparation methods can be divided into two types: one is to achieve the simulation of a specific width of ice ridge by moving the ice blocking structure multiple times, but this method does not clearly propose specific regulation methods and mechanism control parameters for different ice ridge underwater ice rubble accumulation patterns; the other is to achieve the preparation of a corresponding pattern of ice ridge by using a special-shaped mold, but this method has the defects of large mold size and weight, high load requirement of the driving mechanism, and difficulty in forming the ice ridge model when applied in a medium or large ice water pool. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the defects of the existing ice ridge model preparation methods, the present application provides an ice ridge model preparation method that can regulate the underwater ice rubble accumulation pattern in an ice water pool.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: An ice ridge model preparation method that can regulate the underwater ice rubble accumulation pattern in an ice water pool, the ice ridge model includes a solidified layer on the water surface and an underwater ice rubble accumulation layer 9, and is prepared in an ice water pool 11, characterized in that the solidified layer on the water surface of the ice ridge model is part of the mother ice layer, the underwater ice rubble accumulation layer 9 is composed of ice rubble formed by the submersion and accumulation of the broken strip-shaped ice 2 obtained by cutting the mother ice layer, and the preparation steps include: Step 1: Prepare the preparation device of the ice ridge model, including: an inclined baffle 4, a fastening shaft 5, a connecting rod 6, a vertical push plate 7 and a driving device 8; The inclined baffle 4 is connected to the connecting rod 6 via a fastening shaft 5. The fastening shaft 5 is used to adjust the angle to change the angle between the inclined baffle 4 and the horizontal plane, i.e., its inclination angle. The vertical push plate 7 is fixedly connected to the driving device 8 and can be moved longitudinally along the ice water pool 11 via the driving device 8. Step 2: Determine the thickness of the consolidation layer of the prepared ice ridge model and the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the underwater ice fragment accumulation layer according to the experimental requirements, including width, depth, slope angle, porosity, and size of the underwater ice fragments; Step 3: Based on the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, prepare a mother ice layer of the target thickness in advance; Step 4: Based on the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, determine the overall cutting length of the parent ice layer to be used for cutting strip ice 2; the cutting width of the parent ice layer is taken as the length of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer of the ice ridge. Step 5: Based on the overall cutting length calculated in Step 4, a portion of the mother ice layer is cut. The cutting direction is transverse along the ice-water pool 11, and the longitudinal distance between two cuts is the overall cutting length. After cutting, the mother ice layer in the ice-water pool 11 will be divided into three regions, denoted as Ice Layer 1, Ice Layer 2, and Ice Layer 3. Ice Layer 2 corresponds to the region with the overall cutting length described in Step 5, and this part of the ice layer will be used for further cutting into strip-shaped ice 2. The uncut mother ice layer in front of Ice Layer 2 is denoted as Ice Layer 1 and will serve as the consolidation layer of the ice ridge model. The uncut mother ice layer behind Ice Layer 2 is denoted as Ice Layer 3. Step 6: Cut the ice layer 2 along the longitudinal direction of the ice-water pool 11 into strips of ice 2 of equal width. This width is set according to the statistical average width of the underwater ice fragments of the target ice ridge model. Step 7: Place the inclined baffle 4 at the cutting gap between ice layer 1 and strip ice 2; according to the target value of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, obtain the target value of the inclination angle and water depth of the inclined baffle 4, thereby realizing the control of the slope and depth of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 of the ice ridge and the length of the broken ice blocks. Step 8: After adjusting the inclined baffle 4 as described in Step 7, place it into the cutting gap between ice layer 1 and ice layer 2; Step 9: Cut and separate the strips of ice 2 that are solidified on both sides of the pool wall in the second ice layer area from the pool wall; Step 10: Operate the drive device 8, and push the strip ice 2 to the bottom of the ice layer 1 by the vertical push plate 7; during this process, the strip ice 2 bends and breaks at the position of the inclined baffle 4, forming ice fragments, and then sinks down along the inclined baffle 4 under the push of the strip ice 2 behind, and finally flips over the inclined baffle 4 and floats up to accumulate below the ice layer 1. Step 11: After pushing all the strip ice 2 below the ice layer 1 to form an underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9, move the inclined baffle 4 out of the water. Step 12: Based on the target values ​​of the physical and mechanical parameters of the ice ridge model, let the ice ridge model stand still at low temperature for a period of time to promote the consolidation between the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 and the parent ice layer.

[0007] Furthermore, step one also includes preparing an observation device for creating an ice ridge model, the observation device including a ruler and an underwater recording device 10.

[0008] Furthermore, in step four, based on the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in step two, the overall cutting length of the parent ice layer to be used for cutting the strip ice is determined by equation (1): (1) in, L The overall cut length of the mother ice layer is expressed in meters (m), and the cutting direction is along the longitudinal direction of the ice-water pool. h i The thickness of the parent ice layer is expressed in meters (m). h K The target value for the maximum depth of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer on the ice ridge, in meters (m). w K The target value for the width of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer on the ice ridge, in meters (m). p The target value for the porosity of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer.

[0009] Furthermore, in step seven, the fracture length of the ice block is jointly controlled by the tilt angle of the inclined baffle, the ice thickness, and the ice elastic modulus. After determining the target values ​​of the tilt angle of the inclined baffle and the ice thickness, the target fracture length of the ice block is obtained by adjusting the ice elastic modulus.

[0010] Furthermore, in step seven, the tilt angle of the tilting baffle... α Slopes on both sides of the underwater ice debris layer β 1 , β 2 The relationship can be approximately estimated by equations (2) and (3): (2) (3) in, α The unit is in degrees (°); β 1 The slope of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer near the side of the ice pusher is expressed in degrees (°). β 2 The slope of the underwater ice shards accumulation away from the side pushing the ice is measured in degrees (°). The bottom of the inclined baffle is immersed in water to a depth of h Maximum depth of underwater ice debris accumulation layer with ice ridgeh K The relationship can be approximately estimated by equation (4): (4) in, h The depth of the bottom of the inclined baffle into the water is measured in meters (m). h K The maximum depth of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer on the ice ridge is expressed in meters (m). The fracture length of the ice fragments can be approximately estimated using equations (5) and (6): (5) (6) in, l The length of the ice fragments formed by the breakage of a strip of ice is expressed in meters (m). L c The characteristic length of the ice floe is expressed in meters (m). E This is the elastic modulus of ice, expressed in Pascals (Pa). h i Ice thickness, measured in meters (m); ν Poisson's ratio for ice; ρ w The density of water is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg / m³). 3 ); g This is the acceleration due to gravity, measured in meters per second squared (m / s²). 2 ).

[0011] Furthermore, step thirteen involves using a ruler and an underwater camera to measure the width, depth, and slope of the underwater ice ridge layer, comparing these measurements with target physical parameters to evaluate whether the ice ridge model meets the requirements.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Based on empirical formulas, this invention clearly proposes a method for preparing ice ridge models by adjusting the tilt angle of the inclined baffle and the water depth to control the morphology of the underwater ice fragmentation layer. This method is highly operable, simple, and efficient, and allows for strict control over the main morphological features of the ice ridge model, meeting the requirements for morphological similarity. This invention uses an inclined baffle to induce downward bending and fracture of strip-shaped ice and assist in underwater deposition, which places lower load requirements on the driving device and is easily implemented in medium to large-sized ice-water pool laboratories. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a simplified cross-sectional schematic diagram of the ice ridge model preparation process in this invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (top view) of the ice ridge model preparation process in this invention.

[0015] Figure 3 A comparison diagram of the underwater ice debris accumulation morphology obtained from measurements and the pre-defined target values.

[0016] in: 1. Ice layer one; 2. Strip-shaped ice; 3. Ice layer three; 4. Inclined baffle; 5. Fastening shaft; 6. Connecting rod; 7. Vertical push plate; 8. Drive device; 9. Underwater ice debris accumulation layer; 10. Underwater recording device; 11. Ice water pool. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] See Figure 1 This invention proposes an ice ridge model with adjustable underwater ice fragment accumulation morphology in an ice-water pool 11, consisting of a surface consolidation layer and an underwater ice fragment accumulation layer 9. The surface consolidation layer of the ice ridge model is composed of a pre-prepared, flat mother ice layer, while the underwater ice fragment accumulation layer 9 is composed of ice fragments formed by the submerged accumulation of ice fragments from the broken strips of ice 2 obtained by cutting the mother ice layer.

[0019] like Figure 2 As shown, the main steps in preparing this ice ridge model are as follows: Step 1: Prepare the preparation site and equipment for the ice ridge model. The preparation site for the ice ridge model is located in the laboratory ice water pool 11; the preparation and observation equipment for the ice ridge model includes: inclined baffle 4, fastening shaft 5, connecting rod 6; vertical push plate 7, driving device 8; scale ruler, underwater camera 10.

[0020] The inclined baffle 4 is mounted on the connecting rod 6 via a fastening pivot 5. The fastening pivot 5 can be adjusted to change the angle between the inclined baffle 4 and the horizontal plane. The vertical push plate 7 is mounted on the drive device 8 and can be moved longitudinally along the ice water pool 11 via the drive device 8.

[0021] Step 2: Before preparation, determine the target values ​​of physical parameters such as the thickness of the consolidation layer of the ice ridge model to be prepared, the width, depth, slope angle, porosity of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9, and the size of the underwater ice debris blocks, according to the experimental requirements.

[0022] Step 3: Based on the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, prepare a mother ice layer with the target consolidation layer thickness in advance.

[0023] Step 4: Based on the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, determine the overall cutting length of the parent ice layer to be used for cutting strip ice 2 using equation (1): (1) in, L The overall cut length of the mother ice layer is expressed in meters (m), and the cutting direction is along the longitudinal direction of ice-water pool 11. h i The thickness of the parent ice layer is expressed in meters (m). h K The target value for the maximum depth of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 on the ice ridge is in meters (m). w K The target value for the width of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 on the ice ridge, in meters (m). p The target value for the porosity of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer.

[0024] The cutting width of the mother ice layer is taken as the length of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 of the ice ridge.

[0025] Step 5: Calculate the overall cutting length based on the result of Step 4. L A portion of the mother ice layer is cut, with the cutting direction along the transverse direction of the ice-water pool 11. The longitudinal distance between the two cuts is the overall cutting length. L .

[0026] After step 5 is completed, the mother ice layer in ice water pool 11 will be divided into three regions, denoted as Ice Layer 1, Ice Layer 2, and Ice Layer 3. Ice Layer 2 is the overall cutting length described in step 5. L In the corresponding area, this part of the ice layer will be used for further cutting into strip ice 2; the uncut mother ice layer in front of ice layer 2 is designated as ice layer 1, which will serve as the consolidation layer of the ice ridge model; the uncut mother ice layer behind ice layer 2 is designated as ice layer 3, which will be retained or further cut to prepare a new ice ridge model depending on the experimental requirements.

[0027] Step 6: Cut the ice layer 2 along the longitudinal direction of the ice-water pool 11 into strips of equal width 2. This width is set according to the statistical average width of underwater ice fragments of the target ice ridge model.

[0028] Step 7: Place the inclined baffle 4 at the cutting gap between ice layer 1 and strip ice 2. Based on the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, obtain the inclination angle of the inclined baffle 4. α With depth of entry h The target values ​​to be adjusted are used to control the slope and depth of the underwater ice floe accumulation layer 9 of the ice ridge and the length of the broken ice blocks.

[0029] The Ice Mechanics and Ice Engineering Laboratory at Tianjin University has conducted research on various tilt angles of inclined baffles for ice ridge models. α With depth of entry hUnder the specified conditions, the preparation and testing revealed the variation patterns of parameters such as the accumulation slope angle, maximum depth, and fracture length of the underwater ice ridge layer with these conditions, and an empirical fitting of these trends was performed. Based on previous laboratory experience in preparing ice ridge models, the angle between the inclined baffle 4 and the horizontal plane was determined. α With the slopes on both sides of the underwater ice debris layer 9 β 1 , β 2 The relationship can be approximately estimated by equations (2) and (3): (2) (3) in, α The angle between the inclined baffle 4 and the horizontal plane is expressed in degrees (°). β 1 The slope of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer near the ice-pushing side is 9 degrees, in degrees (°). β 2 The slope of the underwater ice floe accumulation away from the side pushing the ice is expressed in degrees (°).

[0030] The bottom of the inclined baffle 4 is immersed in water to a depth of h With the ice ridge underwater debris accumulation layer 9 at its maximum depth h K The relationship can be approximately estimated by equation (4): (4) in, h The depth of the bottom of the inclined baffle 4 into the water is measured in meters (m). h K The maximum depth of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 on the ice ridge is expressed in meters (m).

[0031] Based on the laboratory's previous experience in preparing ice ridge models, the fracture length of the ice fragments can be approximately estimated using equations (5) and (6): (5) (6) in, l The length of the ice fragments formed by the breakage of the strip ice 2 is expressed in meters (m). α The angle between the inclined baffle 4 and the horizontal plane is expressed in degrees (°). L c The characteristic length of the ice floe is expressed in meters (m). E The elastic modulus of ice is expressed in Pascals (Pa). h i Ice thickness, measured in meters (m); ν Poisson's ratio for ice;ρ w The density of water is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg / m³). 3 ); g This is the acceleration due to gravity, measured in meters per second squared (m / s²). 2 ).

[0032] The fracture length is affected by the angle between the inclined baffle 4 and the horizontal plane. α Thick ice h i Ice elastic modulus E The joint control determines the angle between the inclined baffle 4 and the horizontal plane. α With ice thickness h i After setting the target value, the elastic modulus of ice is adjusted. E Go and obtain the length of the target ice fragment.

[0033] Step 8: After adjusting the inclined baffle 4 as described in step 7, place it into the cutting gap between ice layer 1 and ice layer 2.

[0034] Step 9: Cut and separate the strips of ice 2 that are solidified on both sides of the pool wall in the second ice layer area from the pool wall, and clean up the ice fragments, ice shavings and other residues generated during the cutting process to ensure that the driving device 8 and the vertical push plate 7 will not be obstructed when moving forward.

[0035] Step 10: Operate the drive device 8 to push the strip ice 2 below the ice layer 1 using the vertical push plate 7. During this process, the strip ice 2 bends and breaks at the position of the inclined baffle 4, forming ice fragments. Under the push of the strip ice 2 behind, it descends along the inclined baffle 4, eventually flipping over the baffle and floating up to accumulate below the ice layer 1.

[0036] Step 11: After pushing all the strip ice 2 below the ice layer 1 to form an underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9, move the inclined baffle 4 out of the water.

[0037] Step 12: Based on the target values ​​of the physical and mechanical parameters of the ice ridge model, the ice ridge model is left to stand at low temperature for a period of time to promote the consolidation between the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 and the parent ice layer.

[0038] Step 13: After the ice ridge model is prepared, use a ruler and underwater camera 10 to measure the width, depth and slope of the underwater ice debris layer 9 of the ice ridge model, and compare it with the target value to evaluate whether the shape of the ice ridge model meets the requirements.

[0039] Example: The apparatus for preparing the ice ridge model includes: an inclined baffle 4, a fastening shaft 5, a connecting rod 6; a vertical push plate 7, a driving device 8; and an underwater recording device 10. The site for preparing the ice ridge model is located in the laboratory ice water pool 11.

[0040] The target consolidation layer thickness of the ice ridge model to be prepared is 5cm, the target depth of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 is 60cm, the target width is 180cm, the target porosity is 0.4, and the target slope angles on both sides of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 are 40° and 30°, respectively.

[0041] 1. Based on the target size requirements of the ice ridge model, a smooth mother ice layer with a thickness of 5 cm was prepared in the laboratory ice water pool 11.

[0042] 2. Following the formula described in step 4, substitute the target physical parameters of the ice ridge model into the calculation to obtain the overall cutting length L of ice layer 2 as 432cm. After determining the lengths of ice layer 1 and ice layer 3 to be reserved according to the experimental plan, cut the mother ice layer according to the overall cutting length L, dividing the mother ice layer into three regions: ice layer 1, ice layer 2, and ice layer 3.

[0043] 3. Based on the statistical average width of underwater ice fragments, the second ice layer was manually cut into strips 20cm wide along the longitudinal direction of the ice pool.

[0044] 4. Following the formula described in step 7, adjust the inclined baffle 4 according to the target physical parameters of the ice ridge model. Set the angle between the inclined baffle 4 and the horizontal plane to 28°, and set the water depth of the bottom of the inclined baffle 4 to 20cm. Based on these settings, insert the inclined baffle 4 into the water through the cutting gap between ice layer 1 and ice layer 2.

[0045] 5. Cut the strips of ice 2 that are solidified on the pool wall in the second region of the ice layer as described in step 9, and clean up any remaining ice fragments, ice shavings, etc. generated during the cutting process.

[0046] 6. Activate the vertical push plate 7 to push the strip ice 2 forward. The strip ice 2 will break upon contact with the inclined baffle 4 and sink down along the inclined baffle 4. Then it will float up over the inclined baffle 4 and accumulate below the ice layer 1. Continue to push the strip ice 2 until it is completely pushed under the ice layer 1.

[0047] 7. Based on the target values ​​of the physical and mechanical parameters of the ice ridge model, the ice ridge model is left to stand at low temperature for a period of time to promote the consolidation between the underwater ice debris accumulation layer 9 and the parent ice layer.

[0048] 8. After the ice ridge model is completed, the shape parameters of the ice ridge are measured. During measurement, a ruler is used to measure the depth of the underwater ice debris layer 9 at different locations along the ice ridge. The depth of the underwater ice debris layer 9 at each measuring point is read with the assistance of the underwater recording device 10. By measuring the depth at at least 10 points along the width of the ice ridge, the cross-sectional shape of the underwater ice debris layer 9 is delineated. The measured shape of the underwater ice debris layer 9 is compared with the predetermined target value, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the feasibility of the present invention has been verified.

[0049] The above description is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an ice ridge model with adjustable underwater ice fragment accumulation morphology in an ice-water pool, wherein the ice ridge model comprises a water surface solidification layer and an underwater ice fragment accumulation layer (9), and is prepared in an ice-water pool (11), characterized in that, The surface solidification layer of the ice ridge model is part of the parent ice layer, and the underwater ice debris accumulation layer (9) is formed by the submerged accumulation of ice debris formed by the fracture of strip ice (2) obtained from cutting the parent ice layer. The preparation steps include: Step 1: Prepare the equipment for making the ice ridge model, including: inclined baffle (4), fastening shaft (5), connecting rod (6); vertical push plate (7) and driving device (8); The inclined baffle (4) is connected to the connecting rod (6) via a fastening pivot (5). The fastening pivot (5) is used to adjust the angle to change the angle between the inclined baffle (4) and the horizontal plane, i.e., its inclination angle. The vertical push plate (7) is fixedly connected to the driving device (8) and can be moved longitudinally along the ice water pool (11) via the driving device (8). Step 2: Determine the thickness of the consolidation layer of the prepared ice ridge model and the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the underwater ice shard accumulation layer (9) according to the experimental requirements, including width, depth, slope angle, porosity, and size of the underwater ice shards; Step 3: Based on the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, prepare a mother ice layer of the target thickness in advance; Step 4: Based on the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, determine the overall cutting length of the mother ice layer to be used for cutting the strip ice (2); the cutting width of the mother ice layer is taken as the length of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer of the ice ridge. Step 5: Cut a portion of the mother ice layer according to the overall cutting length calculated in Step 4. The cutting direction is along the transverse direction of the ice pool (11), and the longitudinal distance between the two cuts is the overall cutting length. After cutting, the mother ice layer of the ice pool (11) will be divided into three regions, denoted as ice layer one (1), ice layer two, and ice layer three (3). Among them, ice layer two is the region corresponding to the overall cutting length in Step (5), and this part of the ice layer will be used for further cutting into strip ice (2). The uncut mother ice layer in front of ice layer two is denoted as ice layer one (1), which will serve as the consolidation layer of the ice ridge model. The uncut mother ice layer behind ice layer two is denoted as ice layer three (3). Step 6: Cut the ice layer 2 along the longitudinal direction of the ice water pool (11) into strips of ice (2) of equal width. This width is set according to the statistical average of the width of underwater ice fragments of the target ice ridge model. Step 7: Place the inclined baffle (4) at the cutting gap between the ice layer (1) and the strip ice (2); according to the target value of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in Step 2, obtain the target value of the inclined angle and the water depth of the inclined baffle (4) to be adjusted, thereby realizing the control of the slope and depth of the ice ridge underwater ice accumulation layer (9) and the length of the broken ice block. Step 8: After adjusting the inclined baffle (4) as described in Step 7, place it into the cutting gap between ice layer 1 (1) and ice layer 2; Step 9: Cut and separate the strips of ice (2) that are solidified on both sides of the pool wall in the second ice layer from the pool wall; Step 10: Operate the drive device (8) to push the strip ice (2) to the bottom of the first ice layer (1) by the vertical push plate (7); during this process, the strip ice (2) bends and breaks at the position of the inclined baffle (4) to form ice fragments, and then sinks down along the inclined baffle (4) under the push of the strip ice (2) behind, and finally flips over the inclined baffle (4) and floats up to accumulate below the first ice layer (1); Step 11: After pushing all the strip ice (2) below the ice layer (1) to form an underwater ice debris accumulation layer (9), move the inclined baffle (4) out of the water. Step 12: Based on the target values ​​of the physical and mechanical parameters of the ice ridge model, the ice ridge model is left to stand at low temperature for a period of time to promote the consolidation between the underwater ice debris accumulation layer (9) and the parent ice layer.

2. The method for preparing an ice ridge model according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step one also includes preparing an observation device for creating an ice ridge model, the observation device including a ruler and an underwater recording device 10.

3. The method for preparing an ice ridge model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, based on the target values ​​of the physical parameters of the ice ridge model determined in step two, the overall cutting length of the parent ice layer to be used for cutting the strip ice is determined by equation (1): （1） in, L The overall cut length of the mother ice layer is expressed in meters (m), and the cutting direction is along the longitudinal direction of the ice-water pool. h i The thickness of the parent ice layer is expressed in meters (m). h K The target value for the maximum depth of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer on the ice ridge, in meters (m). w K The target value for the width of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer on the ice ridge, in meters (m). p The target value for the porosity of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer.

4. The method for preparing an ice ridge model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step seven, the fracture length of the ice block is jointly controlled by the tilt angle of the inclined baffle, the ice thickness, and the ice elastic modulus. After determining the target values ​​of the tilt angle of the inclined baffle and the ice thickness, the target fracture length of the ice block is obtained by adjusting the ice elastic modulus.

5. The method for preparing an ice ridge model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step seven, the tilt angle of the tilting baffle α Slopes on both sides of the underwater ice debris layer β 1 , β 2 The relationship can be approximately estimated by equations (2) and (3): （2） （3） in, α The unit is in degrees (°); β 1 The slope of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer near the side of the ice pusher is expressed in degrees (°). β 2 The slope of the underwater ice shards accumulation away from the side pushing the ice is measured in degrees (°). The bottom of the inclined baffle is immersed in water to a depth of h Maximum depth of underwater ice debris accumulation layer with ice ridge h K The relationship can be approximately estimated by equation (4): （4） in, h The depth of the bottom of the inclined baffle into the water is measured in meters (m). h K The maximum depth of the underwater ice debris accumulation layer on the ice ridge is expressed in meters (m). The fracture length of the ice fragments can be approximately estimated using equations (5) and (6): （5） （6） in, l The length of the ice fragments formed by the breakage of a strip of ice is expressed in meters (m). L c The characteristic length of the ice floe is expressed in meters (m). E This is the elastic modulus of ice, expressed in Pascals (Pa). h i Ice thickness, measured in meters (m); ν Poisson's ratio for ice; ρ w The density of water is expressed in kilograms per cubic meter (kg / m³). 3 ); g This is the acceleration due to gravity, measured in meters per second squared (m / s²). 2 ).

6. The method for preparing an ice ridge model according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes step thirteen: using a ruler and an underwater camera to measure the width, depth and slope of the underwater ice ridge layer, and comparing them with the target values ​​of physical parameters to evaluate whether the shape of the ice ridge model meets the requirements.

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