A method and system for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of ecological environment restoration technology for metal mines, specifically to a method and system for assessing ecological environment restoration in metal mines based on plant microorganisms. This invention transforms the slow recovery process relying on natural plant restoration into a dynamic, artificially guided rapid ecological process combined with dominant microorganisms, effectively improving the speed of ecological restoration. At preset time intervals, it can identify "plant-microorganism" combinations that are more adapted to the local environment and have better restoration effects, thereby addressing uncertainties such as climate change and soil condition changes, ensuring that restoration strategies continuously evolve towards further optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological environment restoration technology for metal mines, specifically to an assessment method and system for ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of mineral resources, metal mines and their surrounding areas are facing severe ecological and environmental challenges.

[0003] Phytoremediation utilizes hyperaccumulating plants to absorb, accumulate, and transfer heavy metals from soil. This method is low-cost, environmentally friendly, and produces no secondary pollution. However, traditional phytoremediation methods suffer from drawbacks such as limited remediation modalities, poor dynamic flexibility, long remediation cycles, and slow results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms, comprising:

[0006] Step S1: Use a drone to collect remote sensing images of the target area in the metal mine that needs ecological restoration. Based on the pre-acquired contour lines of the metal mine, set multiple height intervals for the target area, and divide the target area into multiple height partitions in the remote sensing image according to the height intervals.

[0007] Step S2: For each height zone, determine the dense vegetation area within the current zone based on the remote sensing image, and detect the dominant heavy metal species in each dense vegetation area.

[0008] Step S3: For densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species, record plant and soil parameters at preset time intervals; determine the assessment results of ecological environment restoration based on the plant and soil parameters using a pre-built assessment mechanism.

[0009] Step S4: Determine the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species in the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results, and use soil samples obtained from the densely vegetated area to screen, isolate and enrich indigenous microbial strains with high tolerance to dominant heavy metal species and activation / passivation functions. The indigenous microbial strains are used for the preparation of microbial agents.

[0010] Step S5: Pre-treat the soil matrix in other densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species, and use the prepared microbial agent in combination with the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species to carry out microbial-plant co-colonization to construct a "plant-microbe" joint remediation system.

[0011] Step S6: For each height zone, record the plant parameters and soil parameters at preset time intervals to re-determine the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results, and repeat steps S4 and S5.

[0012] Preferably, the contour lines are generated from DEM data.

[0013] Preferably, determining the densely vegetated area within the current partition based on the remote sensing image includes:

[0014] The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the target area is determined based on the remote sensing image.

[0015] Areas where the difference between the NDVI value and the surrounding area is greater than a preset threshold are identified as densely vegetated areas.

[0016] Optionally, the plant parameters include vegetation cover, plant height, plant biomass, and heavy metal accumulation in the plant, and the soil parameters include soil heavy metal content, soil pH, and soil organic matter content.

[0017] Preferably, the assessment results for determining the ecological environment restoration status based on the plant parameters and soil parameters using a pre-constructed assessment mechanism include:

[0018] The evaluation results are used as the target layer; the plant parameters and soil parameters are used as the criterion layer; and the vegetation cover, plant height, biomass, heavy metal accumulation in plants, soil heavy metal content, soil pH, and soil organic matter content are used as the indicator layer.

[0019] The vegetation coverage, plant height, biomass, heavy metal accumulation in plants, and soil organic matter content were identified as positive indicators, while soil heavy metal content and soil pH were identified as negative indicators.

[0020] The importance weight values ​​of each criterion under the target layer, and the importance weight values ​​of each indicator under each criterion, are determined using fuzzy hierarchical analysis.

[0021] After standardizing each indicator, a weighted sum is obtained to get the comprehensive score of the corresponding criterion. The weighted sum of the comprehensive scores of each criterion is then used to obtain the assessment result of the ecological environment restoration.

[0022] Preferably, when the evaluation result of the evaluation mechanism is used as the upper-level factor, each criterion is used as the lower-level factor; when the criterion is used as the upper-level factor, each indicator is used as the lower-level factor.

[0023] A priority relationship matrix is ​​established based on pairwise comparisons of the relative importance of lower-level factors to upper-level factors;

[0024] The priority relation matrix is ​​transformed into a fuzzy consistent matrix using additive consistency.

[0025] The importance weight value of each lower-level factor under the upper-level factor is determined based on the fuzzy consistency matrix.

[0026] Preferably, the weights for the importance of soil heavy metal content, heavy metal accumulation in plants, vegetation cover, plant biomass, soil organic matter content, plant height, and soil pH are 0.3, 0.2, 0.15, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively.

[0027] Preferably, the dominant plant species are Sedum aizoon, Sedum morganianum, or Sedum sarmentosum.

[0028] Preferably, the high biomass auxiliary plant species are Elsholtzia ciliata, Eleusine indica, or white clover.

[0029] Secondly, the present invention provides a plant-microorganism-based assessment system for the ecological environment restoration of metal mines, characterized in that it includes:

[0030] The acquisition module is used to collect remote sensing images of target areas in metal mines that require ecological restoration using drones. Based on the pre-acquired contour lines of the metal mines, multiple height intervals are set for the target areas, and the target areas are divided into multiple height partitions in the remote sensing images according to the height intervals.

[0031] The determination module is used to determine the dense vegetation area within the current partition based on the remote sensing image for each height partition, and to detect the dominant heavy metal species in each dense vegetation area.

[0032] The assessment module is used to record plant and soil parameters at preset time intervals for densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species; and to determine the assessment results of ecological environment restoration based on the plant and soil parameters according to the pre-built assessment mechanism.

[0033] The determination module is used to determine the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species in the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results, and to collect soil samples in the densely vegetated area. The soil samples are used to screen, isolate and enrich indigenous microbial strains with high tolerance to dominant heavy metal species and activation / passivation functions. The indigenous microbial strains are used for the preparation of microbial agents.

[0034] The remediation module is used to pretreat the soil matrix in other densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species, and to use the prepared microbial agents in combination with the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species to carry out microbial-plant co-colonization to construct a "plant-microbe" co-remediation system.

[0035] The dynamic repair module records plant and soil parameters at preset intervals for each height zone to re-determine the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. This invention transforms the slow recovery process relying on natural plant restoration into a rapid, artificially guided ecological process that combines dominant microorganisms, effectively improving the speed of ecological restoration. At preset intervals, it can identify "plant-microorganism" combinations that are more adapted to the local environment and have better restoration effects, thereby addressing uncertainties such as climate change and soil condition changes, ensuring that the restoration strategy continuously evolves towards further optimization.

[0038] 2. This invention provides a highly efficient, stable, and multifunctional method for the phytoremediation of metal mine ecosystems. By screening specific hyperaccumulating plant combinations and co-inoculating them with functional microorganisms (tolerant strains screened from the mine itself), a "plant-microorganism" co-remediation system is constructed, significantly improving the adsorption and extraction efficiency of various heavy metals and shortening the remediation cycle. It enhances the survival rate and biomass of plants in harsh environments. It simultaneously remediates contaminated soil and surrounding acid mine wastewater (AMD). It improves soil physicochemical properties and restores soil fertility. It rapidly forms vegetation cover, controls soil erosion, and reconstructs the mine's ecological landscape. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an assessment method for ecological environment restoration in metal mines based on plant microorganisms, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Combination Figure 1 This embodiment provides a method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms, which includes:

[0042] Step S1: Use a drone to collect remote sensing images of the target area in the metal mine that needs ecological restoration. Based on the pre-acquired contour lines of the metal mine, set multiple height intervals for the target area, and divide the target area into multiple height partitions in the remote sensing image according to the height intervals.

[0043] This embodiment utilizes a drone to acquire high-resolution remote sensing images of the target area and performs preprocessing to filter out noise.

[0044] Since terrain elevation is a key factor influencing environmental factors (such as moisture, sunlight, temperature, soil erosion, and material migration), this embodiment divides areas by elevation to ensure that the environmental conditions within each elevation zone are relatively similar, thus making the assessment results within each elevation zone more valuable for reference.

[0045] This embodiment generates contour lines for the target area using DEM data. Based on the density of the contour lines and the terrain undulations, the entire target area is divided into several altitude ranges (e.g., 300-320m, 320-340m, etc.).

[0046] Step S2: For each height zone, determine the dense vegetation area within the current zone based on the remote sensing image, and conduct on-site detection of the dominant heavy metal species in each dense vegetation area (referring to the heavy metal element with the highest content and most significant pollution impact in the soil of that area).

[0047] This embodiment determines the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the target area based on the remote sensing image; areas where the difference between the NDVI value and the surrounding area is greater than a preset threshold are identified as densely vegetated areas. The soil in these densely vegetated areas is then analyzed to determine the main pollution type, i.e., the dominant heavy metal species (e.g., cadmium or lead and zinc).

[0048] Step S3: For densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species, plant and soil parameters are recorded on-site at preset intervals (e.g., quarterly or annually); the assessment results of ecological environment restoration are determined based on the plant and soil parameters according to the pre-built assessment mechanism.

[0049] The plant parameters mentioned in this embodiment include vegetation cover, plant height, plant biomass, and heavy metal accumulation in the plant. The soil parameters include soil heavy metal content, soil pH value, and soil organic matter content.

[0050] The assessment results of ecological environment restoration based on the pre-constructed assessment mechanism, according to the plant and soil parameters, include: the assessment results as the target layer; the plant and soil parameters as the criterion layer; and vegetation cover, plant height, biomass, heavy metal accumulation in plants, soil heavy metal content, soil pH, and soil organic matter content as the indicator layer. Vegetation cover, plant height, biomass, heavy metal accumulation in plants, and soil organic matter content are defined as positive indicators, while soil heavy metal content and soil pH are defined as negative indicators. The importance weights of each criterion under the target layer and the importance weights of each indicator under each criterion are determined using fuzzy hierarchical analysis. After standardization of each indicator, a weighted sum is obtained to achieve a comprehensive score for the corresponding criterion. The weighted sum of the comprehensive scores for each criterion yields the assessment result of the ecological environment restoration.

[0051] When the evaluation results of the aforementioned evaluation mechanism serve as upper-level factors, each criterion serves as a lower-level factor; when the criterion serves as an upper-level factor, each indicator serves as a lower-level factor; a priority relationship matrix is ​​established based on pairwise comparisons of the relative importance of the lower-level factors to the upper-level factors; the priority relationship matrix is ​​transformed into a fuzzy consistency matrix using additive consistency; and the importance weight value of each lower-level factor under the upper-level factor is determined according to the fuzzy consistency matrix. In a specific embodiment, the importance weight values ​​of soil heavy metal content, heavy metal accumulation in plants, vegetation cover, plant biomass, soil organic matter content, plant height, and soil pH are 0.3, 0.2, 0.15, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively.

[0052] Step S4: Determine the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species in the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results, and use soil samples obtained from field sampling in the densely vegetated area to screen, isolate and enrich indigenous microbial strains (including rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi) with high tolerance to dominant heavy metal species and activation / passivation functions. The indigenous microbial strains are used for the preparation of microbial agents.

[0053] The dominant plant species (plants with hyperaccumulation characteristics for dominant heavy metals, such as *Sedum aizoon*, *Centipeda minima*, and *Aristolochia debilis*) and high-biomass auxiliary plant species (plants with rapid growth, well-developed root systems, tolerance to heavy metals, and high biomass, such as *Elsholtzia ciliata*, *Eleusine indica*, and *Clerodendrum trichotomum*) in the densely vegetated areas with the best assessment results are of great reference value for current highly zoned ecological environment restoration strategies. Therefore, this embodiment identifies the dominant plant species and high-biomass auxiliary plant species in the densely vegetated areas with the best assessment results and prepares microbial inoculants for subsequent construction of a "plant-microbe" joint remediation system.

[0054] This embodiment constructs a plant-microbe co-remediation system that combines a local hyperaccumulating plant ensemble with local functional microbial agents. Microorganisms can activate heavy metals in the soil through acidification and complexation, increasing their bioavailability and significantly improving plant absorption efficiency. Simultaneously, PGPR and AMF secrete plant hormones and promote nutrient absorption, greatly enhancing plant survival ability and biomass under adverse conditions, creating a synergistic remediation effect of "1+1>2". The configuration of the composite plant community not only targets multiple heavy metals but also effectively conserves water resources, stabilizes soil, increases green coverage, and improves the landscape, achieving multiple goals of pollution removal, fertilization, soil stabilization, and landscaping enhancement—a holistic ecological solution. The plant-microbe co-remediation system is low-cost and environmentally friendly, fully utilizing local plant and microbial resources, exhibiting strong adaptability, and avoiding the risk of invasive species. The entire process requires no large-scale engineering equipment, has low operating and maintenance costs, and is a truly green and sustainable remediation technology. The plant-microbe combined remediation system has broad adaptability. Through preliminary surveys and targeted configuration of plant-microbe combinations, this method can be flexibly applied to mine waste sites with different metal types and different levels of pollution, demonstrating strong universality.

[0055] Step S5: Conduct soil matrix pretreatment (e.g., apply a small amount of amendment) in other densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species, and use the prepared microbial agent in conjunction with the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species to conduct microbial-plant joint colonization in the field to construct a "plant-microbe" joint remediation system.

[0056] Step S6: For each height zone, record the plant and soil parameters on-site at preset intervals to re-determine the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results, and repeat steps S4 and S5.

[0057] This embodiment transforms the slow recovery process relying on natural plant restoration into a rapid, artificially guided ecological process that combines dominant microorganisms, effectively improving the speed of ecological restoration. At preset intervals, it can identify "plant-microorganism" combinations that are more adapted to the local environment and have better restoration effects, thereby addressing uncertainties such as climate change and soil condition variations, ensuring that the restoration strategy continuously evolves towards further optimization.

[0058] This embodiment provides a highly efficient, stable, and multifunctional phytoremediation method for the ecological environment of metal mines. By screening specific hyperaccumulating plant combinations and co-inoculating them with functional microorganisms (tolerant strains screened from the mine itself), a "plant-microorganism" co-remediation system is constructed, significantly improving the adsorption and extraction efficiency of various heavy metals and shortening the remediation cycle. It also enhances the survival rate and biomass of plants in harsh environments. Simultaneously, it remediates contaminated soil and surrounding acidic mine wastewater (AMD). It improves soil physicochemical properties and restores soil fertility. Furthermore, it rapidly forms vegetation cover, controls soil erosion, and reconstructs the ecological landscape of the mine.

[0059] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0060] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0061] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0062] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0063] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Use a drone to collect remote sensing images of the target area in the metal mine that needs ecological restoration. Based on the pre-acquired contour lines of the metal mine, set multiple height intervals for the target area, and divide the target area into multiple height partitions in the remote sensing image according to the height intervals. Step S2: For each height zone, determine the dense vegetation area within the current zone based on the remote sensing image, and conduct on-site detection of the dominant heavy metal species in each dense vegetation area; Step S3: For densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species, plant parameters and soil parameters are recorded on-site at preset time intervals; the assessment results of ecological environment restoration are determined based on the plant parameters and soil parameters according to the pre-constructed assessment mechanism. Step S4: Determine the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species in the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results, and use soil samples obtained from the densely vegetated area to screen, isolate and enrich indigenous microbial strains with high tolerance to dominant heavy metal species and activation / passivation functions. The indigenous microbial strains are used for the preparation of microbial agents. Step S5: Conduct soil matrix pretreatment in other densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species, and use the prepared microbial inoculants in conjunction with the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species to conduct microbial-plant co-colonization in the field to construct a joint remediation system. Step S6: For each height zone, record the plant and soil parameters on-site at preset intervals to re-determine the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results, and repeat steps S4 and S5.

2. The method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contour lines are generated from DEM data.

3. The method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the remote sensing image, the densely vegetated areas within the current partition include: The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the target area is determined based on the remote sensing image. Areas where the difference between the NDVI value and the surrounding area is greater than a preset threshold are identified as densely vegetated areas.

4. The method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant parameters include vegetation cover, plant height, plant biomass, and the amount of heavy metals accumulated in the plant. The soil parameters include soil heavy metal content, soil pH value, and soil organic matter content.

5. The method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms according to claim 4, characterized in that, The assessment results, based on the pre-constructed assessment mechanism and the plant and soil parameters, determine the status of ecological environment restoration. These results include: The evaluation results are used as the target layer; the plant parameters and soil parameters are used as the criterion layer; and the vegetation cover, plant height, biomass, heavy metal accumulation in plants, soil heavy metal content, soil pH, and soil organic matter content are used as the indicator layer. The vegetation coverage, plant height, biomass, heavy metal accumulation in plants, and soil organic matter content were identified as positive indicators, while soil heavy metal content and soil pH were identified as negative indicators. The importance weight values ​​of each criterion under the target layer, and the importance weight values ​​of each indicator under each criterion, are determined using fuzzy hierarchical analysis. After standardizing each indicator, a weighted sum is obtained to get the comprehensive score of the corresponding criterion. The weighted sum of the comprehensive scores of each criterion is then used to obtain the assessment result of the ecological environment restoration.

6. The method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the evaluation results of the evaluation mechanism are used as upper-level factors, each criterion is used as a lower-level factor; when the criteria are used as upper-level factors, each indicator is used as a lower-level factor. A priority relationship matrix is ​​established based on pairwise comparisons of the relative importance of lower-level factors to upper-level factors; The priority relation matrix is ​​transformed into a fuzzy consistent matrix using additive consistency. The importance weight value of each lower-level factor under the upper-level factor is determined based on the fuzzy consistency matrix.

7. The method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms according to claim 5, characterized in that, The weights for the importance of soil heavy metal content, heavy metal accumulation in plants, vegetation cover, plant biomass, soil organic matter content, plant height, and soil pH were 0.3, 0.2, 0.15, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively.

8. The method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dominant plant species are Sedum aizoon, Sedum morganianum, or Sedum morganianum.

9. The method for assessing the ecological environment restoration of metal mines based on plant microorganisms according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high biomass auxiliary plant species are Elsholtzia ciliata, Eleusine indica, or white clover.

10. A plant-microbe-based assessment system for ecological environment restoration in metal mines, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to collect remote sensing images of target areas in metal mines that require ecological restoration using drones. Based on the pre-acquired contour lines of the metal mines, multiple height intervals are set for the target areas, and the target areas are divided into multiple height partitions in the remote sensing images according to the height intervals. The determination module is used to determine the dense vegetation area within each height partition based on the remote sensing image, and to detect the dominant heavy metal species in each dense vegetation area in the field. The assessment module is used to record plant and soil parameters at preset time intervals for densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species; and to determine the assessment results of ecological environment restoration based on the plant and soil parameters according to the pre-built assessment mechanism. The determination module is used to determine the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species in the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results, and to use soil samples obtained from the densely vegetated area to screen, isolate and enrich indigenous microbial strains with high tolerance to dominant heavy metal species and activation / passivation functions. The indigenous microbial strains are used for the preparation of microbial agents. The remediation module is used to pretreat the soil matrix in other densely vegetated areas with the same dominant heavy metal species, and to use the prepared microbial agents in conjunction with the dominant plant species and high biomass auxiliary plant species to carry out microbial-plant co-colonization in the field to construct a joint remediation system. The dynamic repair module is used to record plant and soil parameters in the field at preset intervals for each height zone in order to re-determine the densely vegetated area with the best evaluation results.

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