Dynamic bandwidth configuration for positioning reference signal (PRS) operation

Abstract

Techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) performs one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) occasions transmitted by a first transmit receive point (TRP), the one or more first PRS occasions having a first bandwidth, receiving an indication to switch from measuring a PRS occasion from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring a PRS occasion from the first TRP in the second bandwidth, and performing one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS occasion transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS occasion having the second bandwidth.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the application filed on August 25, 2021, with application number 202180051159.4 (international application number PCT / US2021 / 047466) entitled "Dynamic Bandwidth Configuration for Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) Operation".

[0002] Cross-reference to related applications

[0003] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 071,290, filed August 27, 2020, entitled “MEASUREMENT PERIODFORMULATION FOR REFERENCE SIGNAL TIME DIFFERENCE (RSTD) MEASUREMENTS,” and U.S. Non-Provisional Application No. 17 / 410,487, filed August 24, 2021, entitled “DYNAMIC BANDWIDTH CONFIGURATION FOR POSITIONING REFERENCESIGNAL (PRS) OPERATION,” both of which have been assigned to the assignee of this application and are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0004] The various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. Background Technology

[0005] Wireless communication systems have undergone several generations of development, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including transitional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data radio service with Internet capabilities, and fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), etc.

[0006] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard (known as New Radio (NR)) demands higher data transmission speeds, a greater number of connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGC), the 5G standard is designed to provide tens of megabits per second (Mbps) of data rate to each of tens of thousands of users, and 1 gigabits per second (Gbps) to dozens of employees on an office floor. It should support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections to support large-scale sensor deployments. Therefore, 5G mobile communication should have significantly improved spectral efficiency compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiency should be improved and latency significantly reduced compared to the current standard. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The following is a simplified overview relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, this overview should not be considered an exhaustive overview relating to all aspects of the conception, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements relating to all aspects of the conception or to depict the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the sole purpose of the following overview is to present, in a simplified form, certain concepts relating to one or more aspects of the mechanism disclosed herein before the detailed description given below.

[0008] In one aspect, a wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE) includes: performing one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) timings transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP), the one or more first PRS timings having a first bandwidth; receiving an instruction to switch from measuring PRS timings from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring PRS timings from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and performing one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS timings having a second bandwidth.

[0009] In one aspect, a wireless communication method performed by a network entity includes: transmitting to a user equipment (UE) an indication to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit-receive point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; receiving from the UE a first measurement report, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and receiving from the UE a second measurement report, the second measurement report including one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0010] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: perform one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) timings transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP), the one or more first PRS timings having a first bandwidth; receive via the at least one transceiver an instruction to switch from measuring PRS timings from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring PRS timings from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and perform one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS timings having a second bandwidth.

[0011] In one aspect, a network entity includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: transmit via the at least one transceiver an indication to a user equipment (UE) to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; receive via the at least one transceiver a first measurement report from the UE, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and receive via the at least one transceiver a second measurement report from the UE, the second measurement report including one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0012] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes: means for performing one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) timings transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP), the one or more first PRS timings having a first bandwidth; means for receiving an instruction to switch from measuring a PRS timing from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and means for performing one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS timings having a second bandwidth.

[0013] In one aspect, a network entity includes: means for transmitting to a user equipment (UE) an indication to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; means for receiving from the UE a first measurement report, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and means for receiving from the UE a second measurement report, the second measurement report including one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0014] In one aspect, a non-transient computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: perform one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) moments transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP), the one or more first PRS moments having a first bandwidth; receive an instruction to switch from measuring a PRS moment from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring a PRS moment from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and perform one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS moments transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS moments having a second bandwidth.

[0015] In one aspect, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network entity, cause the network entity to: transmit to a user equipment (UE) an indication to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; receive from the UE a first measurement report, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and receive from the UE a second measurement report, the second measurement report including one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0016] Other objectives and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to help describe various aspects of this disclosure, and the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and not for limiting the aspects.

[0018] Figure 1 Example wireless communication systems based on various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0019] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Example wireless network architectures based on various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0020] Figure 3A , 3B 3C is a simplified block diagram of several sample aspects of components that can be adopted in user equipment (UE), base station, and network entity and configured to support communications as taught herein.

[0021] Figure 4A This is a diagram illustrating example frame structures based on various aspects of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 4B This is a diagram illustrating various downlink channels within example downlink time slots according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example PRS configuration for the transmission of a Position Reference Signal (PRS) for a given base station, according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example base station communicating with an example UE according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating PRS configurations where some PRS times consume a large amount of bandwidth and some PRS times consume a small amount of bandwidth, according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 8 Examples of two PRS configurations with different bandwidths have been defined on the same positioning frequency layer for the same TRP, according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 9 and 10 Example methods of wireless communication according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Various aspects of this disclosure are provided below in the description and accompanying drawings of various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be designed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, elements well-known in this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0029] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than the others. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0030] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and arts. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0031] Furthermore, many aspects are described in the form of sequences of actions performed by elements of, for example, computing devices. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by special-purpose circuitry (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequences of actions described herein can be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-transient computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, will cause an associated processor of the device to perform the functions described herein. Thus, various aspects of this disclosure can be embodied in several different forms, all of which are contemplated to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, a corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0032] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset positioning device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT”, “Client Equipment”, “Wireless Equipment”, “Subscriber Equipment”, “Subscriber Terminal”, “Subscriber Station”, “User Terminal” or “UT”, “Mobile Equipment”, “Mobile Terminal”, “Mobile Station”, or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks (such as the Internet) and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard), and so on.

[0033] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs to communicate with a UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, B-Node, Evolved B-Node (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) B-Node (also referred to as gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may primarily be used to support radio access by the UE, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections with the supported UE. In some systems, the base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions, while in others, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE can signal to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can signal to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0034] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be located in the same place. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple physical TRPs located in the same place, the physical TRP may be an antenna array of the base station (e.g., in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or in the case of beamforming at the base station). When the term "base station" refers to multiple physical TRPs not located in the same place, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, physical TRPs not located in the same place may be the serving base station from which the UE receives measurement reports and neighboring base stations from which the UE is measuring its reference radio frequency (RF) signal. Since a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmissions from or receptions at a base station should be understood as references to the specific TRP of that base station.

[0035] In some implementations that support UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., it may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections regarding the UE), but may instead transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning tower (e.g., in the case of transmitting signals to the UE) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0036] An “RF signal” refers to an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of individual RF signals through a multipath channel, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same RF signal transmitted on different paths between the transmitter and receiver can be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal,” where the context clearly indicates that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0037] Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 according to various aspects of this disclosure is described. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled "BS") and various UEs 104. Base station 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macrocell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network), or a gNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0038] Each base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with the core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and access one or more location servers 172 (e.g., location management function (LMF) or secure user plane positioning (SUPL) location platform (SLP)) via the core network 170. The location server 172 can be part of the core network 170 or external to the core network 170. The location server 172 can be integrated with the base station 102. The UE 104 can communicate directly or indirectly with the location server 172. For example, the UE 104 can communicate with the location server 172 via the base station 102 currently serving the UE 104. UE 104 may also communicate with location server 172 via another path (such as via an application server (not shown)), via another network (such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), etc. For signaling purposes, communication between UE 104 and location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection with an intermediary node (if any) (e.g., via core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), wherein the intermediary node is omitted from the signaling diagram for clarity.

[0039] In addition to other functions, base station 102 may also perform functions related to one or more of the following: transmitting user data, radio channel cryptography and decoding, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN Information Management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of alarm messages. Base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) through backhaul link 134 (which may be wired or wireless).

[0040] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for its respective geographical coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells can be supported by base station 102 in each geographical coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a frequency resource, it is referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with identifiers (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Enhanced Cell Identifier (ECI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI), etc.) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access to different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others). Since cells are supported by specific base stations, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting that logical communication entity, depending on the context. Additionally, since the TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" are used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographical coverage area (e.g., sector) of a base station, in the sense that the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within a portion of a geographical coverage area 110.

[0041] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' ("SC" labeled "small cell") may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0042] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink).

[0043] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 communicating with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-speak (LBT) procedure to determine channel availability before communication.

[0044] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as used by WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed spectrum can enhance access network coverage and / or increase access network capacity. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0045] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate in mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band are referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW extends down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW RF bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Accordingly, it will be understood that the foregoing explanations are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the aspects disclosed herein.

[0046] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing RF signals in a specific direction. Conventionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). Using transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal. To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an antenna array (referred to as a "phased array" or "antenna array") that generates a beam of RF waves, which can be "guided" to different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that radio waves from the separate antennas add together in the desired direction to increase radiation, while simultaneously canceling each other out in the undesired direction to suppress radiation.

[0047] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they appear to the receiver (e.g., the UE) to have the same parameters regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network node are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters of the second reference RF signal on the second beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0048] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a specific direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Thus, when a receiver is referred to as beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is higher than the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal-to-Interference Plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0049] The transmit and receive beams can be spatially correlated. Spatial correlation means that the parameters of the second beam (e.g., transmit or receive beam) used for the second reference signal can be derived from information about the first beam (e.g., receive or transmit beam) of the first reference signal. For example, a UE can use a specific receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam to transmit an uplink reference signal (e.g., a probe reference signal (SRS)) to that base station.

[0050] Note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if a UE is forming a downlink beam, then the downlink beam is a receive beam for receiving downlink reference signals. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a base station is forming an uplink beam, then the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if a UE is forming an uplink beam, then the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0051] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various classes, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes arise with FR2, although it is different from the Very High Frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz – 300 GHz) designated as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), FR2 is generally (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in various documents and articles.

[0052] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as intermediate frequency (IF) bands. Recent 5G NR studies have identified the operating bands of these IF bands as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 into the IF band. Additionally, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation above 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating frequency bands have been identified as the frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz – 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz – 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz – 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0053] In light of the foregoing, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that, as used herein, the term "sub-6 GHz" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, it should be understood that, as used herein, the term "millimeter wave" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0054] In multi-carrier systems (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the "primary carrier," "anchor carrier," "primary serving cell," or "PCell," and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers," "secondary serving cells," or "SCell." In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by UE 104 / 182 and on the cell in which UE 104 / 182 performs an Initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all shared control channels as well as control channels that vary from UE to UE, and can be a carrier on a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2), which can be configured once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. Secondary carriers may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals. For example, signaling information and signals that vary from UE to UE may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both the primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 within a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. For example, this is done to balance the load on different carriers. Since a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier that a base station is using for communication, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0055] For example, still refer to Figure 1One of the frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and other frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, in a multi-carrier system, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers would theoretically result in twice the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate obtained from a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0056] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164, which can communicate with the macrocell base station 102 on the communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 on the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0057] In some scenarios, UE 164 and UE 182 may be able to communicate via sidelink. A sidelink-capable UE (SL-UE) can communicate with base station 102 via communication link 120 using the Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between the UE and the base station). SL-UEs (e.g., UE 164, UE 182) can also communicate directly with each other via radio sidelink 160 using the PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between sidelink-capable UEs). A radio sidelink (or simply "sidelink") is an adaptation to core cellular (e.g., LTE, NR) standards that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without the need for the communication to pass through a base station. Sidelink communication can be unicast or multicast and can be used for device-to-device (D2D) media sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, emergency rescue applications, etc. Other SL-UEs in this group may be outside the geographical coverage area 110 of base station 102, or may be unable to receive transmissions from base station 102 for other reasons. In some cases, groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each SL-UE transmits to every other SL-UE in the group. In some cases, base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communication. In other cases, sidelink communication is performed between the individual SL-UEs without involving base station 102.

[0058] On one hand, the sidelink 160 can operate on a wireless communication medium of interest that can be shared with other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points and other RATs for wireless communication. "Medium" can include one or more time, frequency, and / or space communication resources (e.g., covering one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs. On another hand, the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of unlicensed frequency bands shared among various RATs. While different licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by government entities such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the United States), these systems, particularly those employing small cell access points, have recently extended their operation to unlicensed frequency bands, such as the unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) bands used by Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technologies (most notably the IEEE 802.11xWLAN technology commonly referred to as "Wi-Fi"). Example systems of this type include various variants of CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), and so on.

[0059] Note that, although Figure 1 Only two of these UEs are described as SL-UEs (i.e., UEs 164 and 182), but any described UE can be an SL-UE. Furthermore, although only UE 182 is described as capable of beamforming, any described UE (including UE 164) can be capable of beamforming. When SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they can beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs), towards other UEs (e.g., UE 104), towards base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 180, small cell 102', access point 150), etc. Therefore, in some cases, UEs 164 and 182 can utilize beamforming on sidelink 160.

[0060] exist Figure 1 In the examples, any of the UEs being explained (for simplicity) Figure 1A single UE 104 (shown as a single UE) may receive signal 124 from one or more Earth-orbiting spacecraft (SV) 112 (e.g., satellites). In one aspect, SV 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that allows UE 104 to use as an independent source of location information. Satellite positioning systems typically include transmitter systems (e.g., SV 112) positioned such that a receiver (e.g., UE 104) can determine its location on or above the Earth based at least in part on positioning signals (e.g., signal 124) received from these transmitters. Such transmitters typically transmit signals marked with a set number of repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) codes. While transmitters are typically located in SV 112, they may sometimes be located at ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UEs 104. UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signal 124 from SV 112 to derive geographic location information.

[0061] In satellite positioning systems, the use of signal 124 can be amplified through various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS), which may be associated with or otherwise enabled to work with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, SBAS may include augmentation systems that provide integrity information, differential correction, etc., such as Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geostationary Navigation Coverage Service (EGNOS), Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), GPS-assisted Geographic Augmentation Navigation or GPS and Geographic Augmentation Navigation System (GAGAN), etc. Therefore, as used herein, a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.

[0062] On one hand, SV 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, SV 112 is connected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to elements in the 5G network, such as the modified base station 102 (without a ground antenna) or network nodes in a 5GC. This element will then provide access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities outside the 5G network, such as internet web servers and other user equipment. In this way, UE 104 can receive communication signals (e.g., signal 124) from SV 112 as a replacement or supplement to receiving communication signals from ground base station 102.

[0063] The wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) that are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “side links”). Figure 1 In the example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with a UE 104 connected to a base station 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity from this link), and a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLANSTA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity from this link). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can be supported using any well-known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, etc.).

[0064] Figure 2A Example wireless network architecture 200 is explained. For example, 5GC 210 (also known as Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally considered as control plane (C-plane) functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which operate collaboratively to form the core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect gNB 222 to 5GC 210, specifically to user plane function 212 and control plane function 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, ng-eNB 224 can also connect to 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to control plane function 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane function 212. Furthermore, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more ng-eNBs 224 and one or more gNBs 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 (or both) may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any UE described herein).

[0065] Another optional aspect may include location server 230, which may communicate with 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to UE 204. Location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules extending across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. Location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204, which UE 204 may connect to via the core network, 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not explained). Furthermore, location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, may be external to the core network (e.g., a third-party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or a business server).

[0066] Figure 2B Another example wireless network architecture, 250.5GC 260, was explained (which can correspond to...). Figure 2A5GC 210 can be functionally considered as a control plane function (provided by Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264) and a user plane function (provided by User Plane Function (UPF) 262), which operate collaboratively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, session management (SM) message transmission between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any UE described herein) and session management function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, short message service (SMS) message transmission between UE 204 and short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In cases where authentication is based on the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), the AMF 264 retrieves security material from the AMF. The AMF 264 also includes Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF, which it uses to derive a key that varies depending on the access network. The AMF 264's functionality also includes: location service management for regulatory services, location service message transmission between the UE 204 and the Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (which acts as a location server 230), location service message transmission between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, EPS bearer identifier allocation for interoperability with the Evolved Packet System (EPS), and UE 204 mobility event notification. Additionally, the AMF 264 supports functionality for non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) access networks.

[0067] The functions of UPF 262 include: acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), acting as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point interconnecting to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., strobing, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS Flow mapping), transport-level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 may also support the transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and a location server (such as SLP 272) on the user plane.

[0068] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, traffic bootstrapping configuration at UPF 262 to route traffic to the correct destination, partial control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface used by SMF 266 to communicate with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0069] Another optional aspect may include LMF 270, which can communicate with 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to UE 204. LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules extending across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204, which can connect to LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not explained). SLP 272 can support similar functions to LMF 270, but while LMF 270 can communicate with AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UE 204 on the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols designed to convey signaling messages rather than voice or data), SLP 272 can communicate with UE 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) on the user plane (e.g., using protocols designed to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0070] Another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274, which can communicate with LMF 270, SLP 272, 5GC 260 (e.g., via AMF 264 and / or UPF 262), NG-RAN 220, and / or UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., location estimation) of UE 204. Thus, in some cases, the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a Location Services (LCS) client or an external client. The third-party server 274 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules extending across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server.

[0071] User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect 5GC 260 (and in particular UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively) to one or more gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 in NG-RAN 220. The interface between gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 and AMF 264 is referred to as the "N2" interface, while the interface between gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 and UPF 262 is referred to as the "N3" interface. The gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 of NG-RAN 220 can communicate directly with each other via backhaul connection 223, which is referred to as the "Xn-C" interface. One or more of gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 can communicate with one or more UEs 204 on a radio interface, which is referred to as the "Uu" interface.

[0072] The functionality of the gNB 222 is divided among the gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB Distributed Units (gNB-DU) 228, and one or more gNB Radio Units (gNB-RU) 229. The gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes base station functions such as transmitting user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, and session management, in addition to those functions specifically allocated to the gNB-DU 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 generally manages the radio resource control (RRC), serving data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) of the gNB 222. The gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that generally manages the radio link control (RLC) and media access control (MAC) layers of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, while a cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228. The interface 232 between gNB-CU 226 and one or more gNB-DU 228 is referred to as the "F1" interface. The physical (PHY) layer functionality of gNB 222 is typically managed by one or more independent gNB RU 229s, which perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission / reception. The interface between gNB DU 228 and gNB RU 229 is referred to as the "Fx" interface. Therefore, UE 204 communicates with gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.

[0073] Figure 3A , 3BThe explanation of 3C includes UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent of UE 302). Figure 2A and 2B The NG-RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260 infrastructure (such as a private network) depicted herein includes several example components (represented by corresponding boxes) to support file transfer operations as taught herein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implemented in different types of devices (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-a-chip (SoC), etc.) in various implementations. The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may include one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0074] UE 302 and base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, to provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for suppressing transmission, etc.) for communication via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown) (such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356 for communication with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB), etc.) on a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a time / frequency resource set in a specific spectrum) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured, according to a specified RAT, in various ways to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 each include one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and each includes one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0075] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 each further include one or more short-range radio transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range radio transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for suppressing transmission, etc.) for communicating with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, ZigBee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), Wireless Access in Vehicle Environments (WAVE), Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.). Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be configured, in various ways according to a specified RAT, to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 each include one or more transmitters 324 and 364 for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. As a specific example, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth® transceivers, Zigbee® and / or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0076] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may each provide means for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378. When satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. When satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals originating from a 5G network (e.g., carrying control and / or user data). Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations from other systems as appropriate, and in at least some cases perform calculations to determine the respective locations of UE 302 and base station 304 using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.

[0077] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, to provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) for communicating with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, base station 304 may use one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 on one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. As another example, network entity 306 may use one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base stations 304 on one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or to communicate with other network entities 306 on one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.

[0078] Transceivers can be configured to communicate over wired or wireless links. A transceiver (whether wired or wireless) includes a transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and a receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). In some implementations, the transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., implementing the transmitter and receiver circuitry in a single device), in some implementations it may include separate transmitter and receiver circuitry, or in other implementations it may be implemented in a different manner. The transmitter and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., in some implementations, network transceivers 380 and 390) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as antenna arrays, which permit the corresponding device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit beamforming, as described herein. Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as antenna arrays, which permit the corresponding device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and receiver circuitry may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) so that the corresponding device can only receive or transmit at a given time, rather than both simultaneously. Wireless transceivers (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include network listening modules (NLMs) for performing various measurements.

[0079] As used herein, various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) can generally be characterized as "transceiver," "at least one transceiver," or "one or more transceivers." Thus, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver can be inferred from the type of communication performed. For example, backhaul communication between network devices or servers generally involves signaling via a wired transceiver, while wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) generally involves signaling via a wireless transceiver.

[0080] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with operations as disclosed herein. UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394 for providing functionality related to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality. Processors 332, 384, and 394 can therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc. In one aspect, processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry systems, or various combinations thereof.

[0081] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 include memory circuitry that respectively implements memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Memories 340, 386, and 396 thus provide means for storage, means for retrieval, means for maintenance, etc. In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may respectively include positioning components 342, 388, and 398. Positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuitry as part of or coupled to processors 332, 384, and 394, which, when executed, cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other respects, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, which, when executed by processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), enable UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. Figure 3A The possible locations of the positioning component 342 are described. The positioning component 342 may be, for example, part of one or more WWAN transceivers 310, memory 332, one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a self-contained component. Figure 3BThe possible locations of the positioning component 388 are explained. The positioning component 388 may be, for example, part of one or more WWAN transceivers 350, memory 386, one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a self-contained component. Figure 3C The possible locations of the positioning component 398 are explained. The positioning component 398 may be, for example, part of one or more network transceivers 390, memory 396, one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a self-contained component.

[0082] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting motion and / or orientation information independent of motion data derived from signals received by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or satellite signal receivers 330. As an example, sensor 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate position in two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

[0083] Additionally, UE 302 includes a user interface 346, which provides means for providing instructions to the user (e.g., audible and / or visual instructions) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates sensing devices such as keypads, touchscreens, microphones, etc.). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0084] Referring more specifically to one or more processors 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 may be provided to processor 384. One or more processors 384 may implement functionality for the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. One or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)) broadcasting, RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (cryptography, cryptographic decoding, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0085] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 implement Layer 1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer-1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and subsequently combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator can be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from reference signals transmitted by UE 302 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. Transmitter 354 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0086] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to one or more processors 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on this information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. Symbols on each subcarrier, along with a reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation points most likely to be transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on a channel estimate calculated by a channel estimator. These soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the original data and control signals transmitted by base station 304 over the physical channel. This data and control signals are then provided to one or more processors 332 that implement Layer 3 (L3) and Layer 2 (L2) functionality.

[0087] In the uplink, one or more processors 332 provide demultiplexing, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. One or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0088] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmissions performed by base station 304, one or more processors 332 provide RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) capture, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (cryptography, cryptographic decoding, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0089] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0090] Uplink transmissions are handled at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to one or more processors 384.

[0091] In the uplink, one or more processors 384 provide demultiplexing, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 can be provided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0092] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figure 3A , 3B The components shown in 3C are various and can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it will be understood that the components described may have different functionalities in different designs. Specifically, Figures 3A to 3C The various components are optional in the replacement configuration, and various aspects include configurations that can vary due to design choices, cost, equipment usage, or other considerations. For example, in Figure 3A In this scenario, a specific implementation of UE 302 may omit WWAN transceiver 310 (e.g., wearable devices, tablets, PCs, or laptops may have Wi-Fi and / or Bluetooth capabilities but no cellular capabilities), or short-range wireless transceiver 320 (e.g., cellular only), or satellite signal receiver 330, or sensor 344, etc. In another example, in Figure 3B In such cases, a particular implementation of base station 304 may omit WWAN transceiver 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi "hotspot" access point without cellular capabilities), or short-range wireless transceiver 360 (e.g., cellular only), or satellite receiver 370, etc. For the sake of brevity, explanations of various alternative configurations are not provided herein, but will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0093] Various components of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 can be communicatively coupled to each other on data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392, respectively. In one aspect, data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 can form or be part of the communication interfaces of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306, respectively. For example, when different logical entities are implemented in the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionality are incorporated into the same base station 304), data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 can provide communication between them.

[0094] Figure 3A , 3B The various components of 3C can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The components can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by that circuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). Furthermore, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the network entity," etc. However, as will be understood, such operations, actions, and / or functions can actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc., such as processors 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory 340, 386 and 396, positioning components 342, 388 and 398, etc.

[0095] In some designs, network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, network entity 306 may be a network operator or operation different from the cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260). For example, network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that can be configured to communicate with UE 302 via base station 304 or independently of base station 304 (e.g., on a non-cellular communication link, such as WiFi).

[0096] Various frame structures can be used to support downlink and uplink transmissions between network nodes (e.g., base stations and UEs). Figure 4A Figure 400 illustrates an example frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. This frame structure can be a downlink or uplink frame structure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0097] LTE, and in some cases NR, utilizes OFDM on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option to use OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are often referred to as frequency modulation, frequency slots, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Generally, modulation symbols are transmitted in the frequency domain for OFDM and in the time domain for SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the subcarrier spacing can be 15 kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Therefore, for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, the nominal FFT size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth can also be divided into subbands. For example, a subband can cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, there can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands, respectively.

[0098] LTE supports single-parameter design (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR supports multiple-parameter design (µ), for example, subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz (µ=0), 30 kHz (µ=1), 60 kHz (µ=2), 120 kHz (µ=3), and 240 kHz (µ=4) or greater can be available. Within each subcarrier spacing, there are 14 symbols per time slot. For a 15 kHz SCS (µ=0), there is one time slot per subframe, 10 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 1 millisecond (ms), a symbol duration of 66.7 microseconds (µs), and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size is 50. For a 30 kHz SCS (µ=1), there are two time slots per subframe, 20 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.5 ms, a symbol duration of 33.3 µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size of 100. For a 60 kHz SCS (µ=2), there are four time slots per subframe, 40 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.25 ms, a symbol duration of 16.7 µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size of 200. For a 120 kHz SCS (µ=3), there are eight time slots per subframe, 80 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.125 ms, a symbol duration of 8.33 µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size of 400. For a 240 kHz SCS (µ=4), there are 16 time slots per subframe and 160 time slots per frame. The time slot duration is 0.0625 ms, the symbol duration is 4.17 µs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 800.

[0099] exist Figure 4A In the example, a parameter design of 15 kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes, each 1 ms long, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 4A In the diagram, time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), where time increases from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), where frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0100] A resource grid can be used to represent time slots, each time slot comprising one or more concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also known as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs). An RE corresponds to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figure 4AIn the parameter design, for a normal cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0101] Some REs may carry reference (pilot) signals (RS). These reference signals may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), synchronization signal blocks (SSB), probe reference signals (SRS), etc., depending on whether the interpreted frame structure is used for uplink or downlink communication. Figure 4A Example locations of REs carrying reference signals (labeled "R") are explained.

[0102] The set of resource elements (REs) used for PRS transmission is called a "PRS resource". The resource element set can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and 'N' (such as one or more) consecutive symbols within a time slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol in the time domain, the PRS resource occupies a consecutive PRB in the frequency domain.

[0103] The transmission of PRS resources within a given PRB has a specific comb tooth size (also known as "comb tooth density"). The comb tooth size 'N' represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency / frequency modulation spacing) within each symbol of the PRS resource configuration. Specifically, for a comb tooth size 'N', the PRS is transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of a symbol in the PRB. For example, for comb tooth-4, for each symbol of the PRS resource configuration, the RE corresponding to every fourth subcarrier (such as subcarriers 0, 4, 8) is used to transmit the PRS resource. Currently, comb tooth sizes of comb tooth-2, comb tooth-4, comb tooth-6, and comb tooth-12 are supported by DL-PRS. Figure 4A An example PRS resource configuration for comb-4 (which spans 4 symbols) is explained. That is, the location of the shaded RE (marked as "R") indicates the PRS resource configuration for comb-4.

[0104] Currently, DL-PRS resources can span 2, 4, 6, or 12 consecutive symbols within a single time slot using a full-frequency-domain interleaved mode. DL-PRS resources can be configured in any downlink or flexible (FL) symbol configured by higher layers within a time slot. For all REs of a given DL-PRS resource, there may be a constant energy per resource element (EPRE). The following are the symbol-by-symbol frequency offsets for comb sizes 2, 4, 6, and 12 on 2, 4, 6, and 12 symbols. 2-code element comb-2: {0, 1}; 4-code element comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1}; 6-code element comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 12-code element comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 4-code element comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3} (e.g., in...) Figure 4A In the example); 12-code comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 6-code comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; 12-code comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; and 12-code comb-12: {0, 6, 3, 9, 1, 7, 4, 10, 2, 8, 5, 11}.

[0105] A “PRS resource set” is a group of PRS resources used for the transmission of PRS signals, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. Furthermore, PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP. A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and associated with a specific TRP (identified by the TRP ID). Additionally, PRS resources in a PRS resource set share the same periodicity, a common silent mode configuration, and the same repetition factor (such as “PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor”) across time slots. Periodicity is the time from the first repetition of the first PRS resource in the first PRS instance to the same first repetition of the same first PRS resource in the next PRS instance. The periodicity can have a length chosen from the following: 2^µ*{4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32, 40, 64, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240} slots, where µ = 0, 1, 2, 3. The repetition factor can have a length chosen from {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32} slots.

[0106] In a PRS resource set, a PRS resource ID is associated with a single beam (or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where a TRP can transmit one or more beams). That is, each PRS resource in a PRS resource set can be transmitted on a different beam, and thus, a "PRS resource" (or simply "resource") can also be referred to as a "beam". Note that this does not imply whether the UE is aware of the TRP and beam transmitting the PRS.

[0107] A “PRS instance” or “PRS timing” is an instance of a periodically repeating time window in which a PRS is expected to be transmitted. A PRS timing may also be referred to as a “PRS positioning timing,” “PRS positioning instance,” “positioning timing,” “positioning instance,” “positioning repetition,” or simply “timing,” “instance,” or “repetition.”

[0108] A “Frequency Layer” (also simply “Frequency Layer”) is a collection of one or more PRS resource sets with identical values ​​for certain parameters across one or more TRPs. Specifically, the collection of PRS resource sets has the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning that all parameter designs supported for the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) are also supported by the PRS), the same Point A, the same downlink PRS bandwidth, the same starting PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb size. The Point A parameter uses the value of the parameter “ARFCN-ValueNR” (where “ARFCN” stands for “Absolute Radio Channel Number”) and is an identifier / code specifying the pair of physical radio channels used for transmission and reception. The downlink PRS bandwidth can have a granularity of 4 PRBs, with a minimum of 24 PRBs and a maximum of 272 PRBs. Currently, up to four Frequency Layers have been defined, and up to two PRS resource sets can be configured per TRP per Frequency Layer.

[0109] The concept of a frequency layer is somewhat similar to that of component carriers and bandwidth portions (BWPs), but the difference is that component carriers and BWPs are used by a single base station (or macrocell base station and small cell base station) to transmit data channels, while a frequency layer is used by several (often three or more) base stations to transmit PRS (Positioning Signals). A UE can indicate the number of frequency layers it can support when sending its positioning capabilities to the network (such as during an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) session). For example, a UE can indicate whether it can support one or four positioning frequency layers.

[0110] Note that the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" generally refer to specific reference signals used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" can also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as, but not limited to, PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc., as defined in LTE and NR. Additionally, the terms "location reference signal" and "PRS" can refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by the context. If further distinction is needed regarding the type of PRS, downlink positioning reference signals may be referred to as "DL-PRS," while uplink positioning reference signals (e.g., positioning SRS, PTRS) may be referred to as "UL-PRS." Furthermore, for signals that can be transmitted in both uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), these signals may be prefixed with "UL" or "DL" to distinguish direction. For example, "UL-DMRS" can be distinguished from "DL-DMRS."

[0111] Figure 4B This is diagram 450 illustrating various downlink channels within an example downlink time slot. Figure 4B In this diagram, time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), increasing from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top. Figure 4B In the example, a parameter design of 15 kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, the interpreted time slot length is 1 millisecond (ms), divided into 14 symbols.

[0112] In NR, the channel bandwidth or system bandwidth is divided into multiple bandwidth portions (BWPs). A BWP is a set of adjacent RBs selected from a subset of shared RBs designed for a given carrier with given parameters. Generally, a maximum of four BWPs can be specified in both the downlink and uplink. That is, a UE can be configured to have up to four BWPs in the downlink and up to four BWPs in the uplink. Only one BWP (uplink or downlink) can be active at a given time, meaning that the UE can only receive or transmit on one BWP at a time. In the downlink, the bandwidth of each BWP should be equal to or greater than the bandwidth of the SSB, but it may or may not contain the SSB.

[0113] Reference Figure 4BThe Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) is used by the UE to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DL-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the Master Information Block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form the SSB (also known as SS / PBCH). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the downlink system bandwidth and the System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (such as System Information Block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0114] The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries Downlink Control Information (DCI) within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs). Each CCE includes one or more RE Group (REG) bundles (which can span multiple symbols in the time domain). Each REG bundle includes one or more REGs, and each REG corresponds to 12 resource elements (one resource block) in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain. The physical resource set used to carry the PDCCH / DCI is called the Control Resource Set (CORESET) in NR. In NR, the PDCCH is confined to a single CORESET and transmitted along with its own DMRS. This enables UE-specific beamforming for the PDCCH.

[0115] exist Figure 4B In the example, each BWP has one CORESET, and this CORESET spans three symbols in the time domain (although it can be only one or two symbols). Unlike the LTE control channel, which occupies the entire system bandwidth, in NR, the PDCCH channel is localized to a specific region in the frequency domain (i.e., the CORESET). Therefore, Figure 4B The frequency components of the PDCCH shown are interpreted in the frequency domain as fewer than a single BWP. Note that although the interpreted CORESETs are contiguous in the frequency domain, they do not need to be contiguous. Additionally, a CORESET can span fewer than three symbols in the time domain.

[0116] The DCI within the PDCCH carries information about uplink resource allocation (persistent and non-persistent) and a description of the downlink data transmitted to the UE (referred to as uplink grant and downlink grant, respectively). More specifically, the DCI indicates the resources scheduled for downlink data channels (e.g., PDSCH) and uplink data channels (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)). Multiple (e.g., up to 8) DCIs can be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIs can have one of several formats. For example, different DCI formats exist for uplink scheduling, downlink scheduling, uplink transmit power control (TPC), etc. The PDCCH can be transmitted by 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs to accommodate different DCI payload sizes or coding rates.

[0117] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example PRS configuration 500 for PRS transmission at a given base station, based on various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 5 In the diagram, time is represented horizontally, increasing from left to right. Each long rectangle represents a time slot, while each short (shaded) rectangle represents an OFDM symbol. Figure 5 In the example, PRS resource set 510 (labeled "PRS resource set 1") includes two PRS resources: a first PRS resource 512 (labeled "PRS resource 1") and a second PRS resource 514 (labeled "PRS resource 2"). The base station transmits PRS on PRS resources 514 and 510 of PRS resource set 512.

[0118] PRS resource set 510 has a timing length of two time slots (N_PRS) and a periodicity of, for example (for a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing), 160 time slots or 160 milliseconds (ms) (T_PRS). Thus, PRS resources 512 and 514 are both two consecutive time slots in length and repeat every T_PRS time slot starting from the time slot in which the first symbol of the corresponding PRS resource appears. Figure 5 In the example, PRS resource 512 has a symbol length of two symbols (N_symb), and PRS resource 514 has a symbol length of four symbols (N_symb). PRS resource 512 and PRS resource 514 can be transmitted on separate beams of the same base station.

[0119] Each instance of PRS resource set 510 (described as instances 520a, 520b, and 520c) includes a timing of length "2" (i.e., N_PRS = 2) for each PRS resource 512, 514 in the PRS resource set. PRS resources 512 and 514 repeat every T_PRS slot until the silence sequence periodically reaches T_REP. Thus, a bitmap of length T_REP is needed to indicate which timings of instances 520a, 520b, and 520c of PRS resource set 510 are silenced (i.e., not transmitted).

[0120] On the one hand, there may be additional constraints on PRS configuration 500. For example, for all PRS resources (e.g., PRS resources 514, 510) in a PRS resource set (e.g., PRS resource set 512), the base station can configure the following parameters to be the same: (a) timing length (N_PRS), (b) number of symbols (N_symb), (c) comb type, and / or (d) bandwidth. Additionally, for all PRS resources in all PRS resource sets, the subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix can be configured to be the same for one base station or for all base stations. Whether it is for one base station or for all base stations depends on the UE's ability to support the first and / or second options.

[0121] NR supports several cellular network-based positioning technologies, including downlink-based positioning methods, uplink-based positioning methods, and downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include: Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and Downlink Angle of Departure (DL-AoD) in NR. In an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, the UE measures the difference between the times of arrival (ToA) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from paired base stations (referred to as Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) or Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurements) and reports these differences to the positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in auxiliary data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each non-reference base station. Based on the known locations of the base stations involved and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity (e.g., a UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning) can estimate the UE's location.

[0122] For DL-AoD positioning, the positioning entity uses beam reports from the UE regarding received signal strength measurements of multiple downlink transmitted beams to determine the angles between the UE and the transmitting base stations(s). The positioning entity can then estimate the UE's location based on the determined angles and the known locations of the transmitting base stations(s).

[0123] Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA, but it is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., detection reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE. For UL-AoA positioning, one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from the UE on one or more uplink receive beams. The positioning entity uses the signal strength measurements and the angles(s) of the receive beams(s) to determine the angles(s) between the UE and(s) base stations(s). Based on the determined angles(s) and the known locations(s) of the base stations(s), the positioning entity can subsequently estimate the location of the UE.

[0124] Downlink and uplink-based positioning methods include Enhanced Cellular ID (E-CID) positioning and Multiple Round-Trip Time (RTT) positioning (also known as "Multi-Cellular RTT" and "Multi-RTT"). In an RTT procedure, a first entity (e.g., a base station or a UE) transmits a first RTT-related signal (e.g., PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UE or a base station), and the second entity transmits a second RTT-related signal (e.g., SRS or PRS) back to the first entity. Each entity measures the time difference between the time of arrival (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is called the receive-to-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference. The Rx-Tx time difference measurement can be performed or adjusted to include only the time difference between the nearest subframe boundary of the received and transmitted signals. Both entities can then send their Rx-Tx time difference measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 270), which calculates the round-trip time (RTT) between the two entities based on these two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., calculated as the sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements). Alternatively, one entity can send its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to another entity, which then calculates the RTT. The distance between the two entities can be determined based on the RTT and a known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light). For multi-RTT positioning, a first entity (e.g., a UE or base station) performs an RTT positioning procedure with multiple second entities (e.g., multiple base stations or UEs) such that the location of the first entity can be determined based on the distance to the second entities and the known locations of the second entities (e.g., using multipoint positioning). RTT and multi-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning technologies (such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD) to improve location accuracy.

[0125] The E-CID positioning method is based on Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, timing advance (TA), and the identifiers, estimated timings, and signal strengths of detected neighboring base stations. Subsequently, the UE's location is estimated based on this information and the known locations of the base stations.

[0126] To assist in the positioning operation, a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) may provide auxiliary data to the UE. For example, auxiliary data may include: the identifier of the base station (or the cell / TRP of the base station) from which the reference signal is measured, reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive positioning subframes, the periodicity of the positioning subframes, the silence sequence, the frequency hopping sequence, the reference signal identifier, the reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and / or other parameters applicable to a particular positioning method. Alternatively, auxiliary data may be derived directly from the base station itself (e.g., in periodically broadcast overhead messages, etc.). In some cases, the UE may be able to detect neighboring network nodes without using auxiliary data.

[0127] In the case of OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedures, auxiliary data may further include the expected RSTD value and associated uncertainty, or a search window around the expected RSTD. In some cases, the expected RSTD value may range from + / - 500 microseconds (µs). In some cases, when any resources used for positioning measurements are in FR1, the expected RSTD uncertainty may range from + / - 32 µs. In other cases, when all resources used for positioning measurements are in FR2, the expected RSTD uncertainty may range from + / - 8 µs.

[0128] Location estimation can be referred to by other names, such as location estimation, location, positioning, location locking, locking, etc. Location estimation can be geodetic and include coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possible altitude), or it can be municipal and include street addresses, postal addresses, or some other verbal description of location. Location estimation can be further defined relative to some other known location or in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possible altitude). Location estimation can include expected errors or uncertainties (e.g., by including the area or volume that the location is expected to be included with a specified or default confidence level).

[0129] Figure 6 This is a diagram 600 illustrating a base station (BS) 602 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein) communicating with UE 604 (which may correspond to any UE described herein). See also... Figure 6Base station 602 can transmit beamformed signals to UE 604 on one or more transmit beams 602a, 602b, 602c, 602d, 602e, 602f, 602g, 602h, each of which has a beam identifier that can be used by UE 604 to identify the corresponding beam. When base station 602 uses a single antenna array (e.g., a single TRP / cell) to beamform towards UE 604, base station 602 can perform "beam sweeping" by transmitting a first beam 602a, then beam 602b, etc., until finally transmitting beam 602h. Alternatively, base station 602 can transmit beams 602a–602h in a pattern, such as beam 602a, then beam 602h, then beam 602b, then beam 602g, etc. In the case where base station 602 uses multiple antenna arrays (e.g., multiple TRPs / cells) to beamform toward UE 604, each antenna array can perform beam sweeping of a subset of beams 602a–602h. Alternatively, each of beams 602a to 602h can correspond to a single antenna or antenna array.

[0130] Figure 6 Further explanation is provided regarding the paths 612c, 612d, 612e, 612f, and 612g followed by the beamformed signals transmitted on beams 602c, 602d, 602e, 602f, and 602g, respectively. Each path 612c, 612d, 612e, 612f, and 612g may correspond to a single "multipath," or may consist of multiple (clustered) "multipaths" due to the propagation characteristics of radio frequency (RF) signals in the environment. Note that although only the paths for beams 602c–602g are shown, this is merely for simplicity, and the signals transmitted on each of beams 602a–602h will follow a particular path. In the example shown, paths 612c, 612d, 612e, and 612f are straight lines, while path 612g reflects away from obstacle 620 (e.g., buildings, vehicles, terrain features, etc.).

[0131] UE 604 can receive beamformed signals from base station 602 on one or more receive beams 604a, 604b, 604c, 604d. Note that, for simplicity, Figure 6 The beams described herein refer to either the transmit beam or the receive beam, depending on which of the base station 602 and the UE 604 is transmitting and which is receiving. Therefore, the UE 604 can also transmit beamshaped signals to the base station 602 on one or more beams 604a–604d, and the base station 602 can receive beamshaped signals from the UE 604 on one or more beams 602a–602h.

[0132] On one hand, base station 602 and UE 604 can perform beam training to align their transmit and receive beams. For example, depending on environmental conditions and other factors, base station 602 and UE 604 can determine optimal transmit and receive beams as 602d and 604b, or as 602e and 602c, respectively. The direction of the optimal transmit beam for base station 602 may or may not be the same as the direction of the optimal receive beam, and similarly, the direction of the optimal receive beam for UE 604 may or may not be the same as the direction of the optimal transmit beam. However, it should be noted that aligning the transmit and receive beams is not necessary for performing downlink angle of origin (DL-AoD) or uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning procedures.

[0133] To execute the DL AoD positioning procedure, base station 602 can transmit reference signals (e.g., PRS, CRS, TRS, CSI-RS, PSS, SSS, etc.) to UE 604 on one or more of the beams 602a-602h, where each beam has a different transmission angle. The different transmission angles of the beams will result in different received signal strengths (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) at UE 604. Specifically, the received signal strength will be lower for transmit beams 602a-602h that are farther from the line-of-sight (LOS) path 610 between base station 602 and UE 604 than for transmit beams 602a-602h that are closer to the LOS path 610.

[0134] exist Figure 6 In the example, if base station 602 transmits reference signals to UE 604 on beams 602c, 602d, 602e, 602f, and 602g, then transmit beam 602e is optimally aligned with LOS path 610, while transmit beams 602c, 602d, 602f, and 602g are not. Therefore, beam 602e is very likely to have a higher received signal strength at UE 604 than beams 602c, 602d, 602f, and 602g. Note that reference signals transmitted on some beams (e.g., beams 602c and / or 602f) may not reach UE 604, or the energy reaching UE 604 from these beams may be too low to be detected or at least negligible.

[0135] UE 604 may report to base station 602 the received signal strength of each transmitted beam 602c-602g as well as optionally associated measurement quality, or alternatively report the identity of the transmitted beam with the highest received signal strength. Figure 6(e.g., beam 602e in the example). Alternatively or additionally, if UE 604 also has round-trip time (RTT) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning sessions with at least one base station 602 or multiple base stations 602, then UE 604 may report received transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference or reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements (and optionally associated measurement quality) to the serving base station 602 or other positioning entity, respectively. In any case, the positioning entity (e.g., base station 602, location server, third-party client, UE 604, etc.) may estimate the angle from base station 602 to UE 604 as the AoD of the transmit beam (here, transmit beam 602e) with the highest received signal strength at UE 604.

[0136] In one aspect of DL-AoD-based positioning, when only one base station 602 is involved, base station 602 and UE 604 can perform a round-trip time (RTT) procedure to determine the distance between base station 602 and UE 604. Therefore, the positioning entity can determine the direction to UE 604 (using DL-AoD positioning) and the distance to UE 604 (using RTT positioning) to estimate the location of UE 604. Note that the AoD with the highest received signal strength is not necessarily... Figure 6 The location shown is on LOS path 610. However, for DL-AoD-based positioning purposes, this is assumed.

[0137] In another aspect of DL-AoD-based positioning, where multiple base stations 602 are involved, each base station 604 can report the determined AoD or RSRP measurement from the corresponding base station 602 to the serving base station 602. The serving base station 602 can then report the AoD or RSRP measurement from the other base stations(s) involved to the positioning entity (e.g., the UE 604 for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning). Using this information and knowledge of the geographic locations of the base stations 602, the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE 604 as the intersection of the determined AoDs. For a two-dimensional (2D) positioning solution, at least two base stations 602 should be involved; however, it will be understood that the more base stations 602 involved in the positioning procedure, the more accurate the estimated location of the UE 604 will be.

[0138] To execute the UL-AoA positioning procedure, UE 604 transmits uplink reference signals (e.g., UL-PRS, SRS, DMRS, etc.) to base station 602 on one or more of the uplink transmit beams 604a-604d. Base station 602 receives the uplink reference signals on one or more of the uplink receive beams 602a-602h. Base station 602 determines the angle of the optimal receive beams 602a-602h for receiving one or more reference signals from UE 604 as the AoA from UE 604 to itself. Specifically, each of the receive beams 602a-602h will result in a different received signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) for one or more reference signals at base station 602. Furthermore, for the received beams 602a–602h that are further away from the actual LOS path between base station 602 and UE 604, the channel impulse response of one or more reference signals will be smaller than that of the received beams 602–602h that are closer to the LOS path. Similarly, for the received beams 602a–602h that are further away from the LOS path, the received signal strength will be lower than that of the received beams 602–602h that are closer to the LOS path. Therefore, base station 602 identifies the received beams 602a–602h that result in the highest received signal strength and (optionally) the strongest channel impulse response, and estimates the angle from itself to UE 604 as the AoA of the received beams 602a–602h. Note that, as with DL-AoD-based positioning, the AoA of the received beams 602a–602h that result in the highest received signal strength (and the strongest channel impulse response, if measured) is not necessarily located on LOS path 610. However, for the UL-AoD-based positioning purpose in FR2, this can be assumed.

[0139] Note that although UE 604 is described as capable of beamforming, this is not required for DL-AoD and UL-AoA positioning protocols. UE 604 can instead perform reception and transmission on an omnidirectional antenna.

[0140] When UE 604 is estimating its location (i.e., the UE is the location entity), it needs to obtain the geographic location of base station 602. UE 604 can obtain its location from, for example, base station 602 itself or a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP272). Using the distance to base station 602 (based on RTT or timing advance), the angle between base station 602 and UE 604 (based on the UL-AoA of the optimal receive beam 602a–602h), and the known geographic location of base station 602, UE 604 is able to estimate its location.

[0141] Alternatively, when a positioning entity (such as base station 602 or a location server) is estimating the location of UE 604, base station 602 reports the AoA of the receive beams 602a–602h that result in the highest received signal strength (and optionally the strongest channel impulse response) of the reference signal received from UE 604, or all received signal strengths and channel impulse responses for all receive beams 602a–602h (this allows the positioning entity to determine the optimal receive beams 602a–602h). Base station 602 may additionally report the Rx-Tx time difference to UE 604. The positioning entity can then estimate the location of UE 604 based on the distance from UE 604 to base station 602, the AoA of the identified receive beams 602a–602h, and the known geographic location of base station 602.

[0142] The bandwidth (BW) of the PRS affects the temporal resolution of PRS measurements. Specifically, the timing resolution of the PRS is the reciprocal of the PRS bandwidth (i.e., 1 / BW). Therefore, the larger the PRS bandwidth, the higher the resolution (i.e., the higher the accuracy) of PRS timing measurements (e.g., ToA). For timing-based positioning procedures (e.g., DL-TDOA, OTDOA, RTT, etc.), the achievable accuracy is directly related to the PRS bandwidth. However, for angle-based positioning procedures (e.g., AoA, AoD, etc.), especially when performing simulated beamforming, the PRS bandwidth has some influence, but it is not significant.

[0143] For example, for AoD measurement (currently only DL AoD is supported), the UE measures the RSRP for a given TRP and reports the RSRP for each PRS to enable the determination of the AoD from the TRP to the UE (as referenced above). Figure 6 (As mentioned above). Similarly, for the DL-AoA positioning procedure, the UE will use its own receive beam to determine the AoA from the DL-PRS of the TRP (as referenced above). Figure 6 The ULAoA process described is the reverse. In such scenarios, if the corresponding ToA of the incoming beams is within the time resolution of the PRS bandwidth, the UE may not be able to distinguish them. However, if the corresponding ToA is greater than the time resolution, the UE can detect the difference between the beams. This is more common for LOS and NLOS paths. That is, if one beam follows a LOS path and another beam follows an NLOS path, the UE is more likely to be able to distinguish between the two beams.

[0144] Therefore, this disclosure provides techniques for using a smaller PRS bandwidth for angle-only measurements and a larger PRS bandwidth for time-only measurements or time- and angle-based measurements. As described herein, angle-based measurements of a PRS timing without accompanying PRS timing (e.g., AoA, AoD, RSRP, etc.) are referred to as "angle-only" measurements. Similarly, time-based measurements of a PRS timing without accompanying angle-based measurements (e.g., ToA, RSTD, etc.) are referred to as "time-only" measurements. "Time- and angle-based" measurements are both time- and angle-based measurements of the same PRS timing.

[0145] Using different PRS bandwidths for different types of measurements has several technical advantages. For example, instead of each PRS moment occupying the full PRS bandwidth, only a subset of the configured PRS moments can occupy the full bandwidth, while the remaining PRS moments can occupy a smaller bandwidth. This reduces the amount of spectrum used for PRS, thus freeing up spectrum for other uses. Another technical advantage is that angle-only measurements performed on lower (smaller) bandwidth PRS moments can be used for faster positioning and tracking without requiring larger bandwidth for time-based measurements. That is, the UE can use subsequent angle-only measurements on lower bandwidth PRS moments to refine or update previous time-based and angle-based measurements on larger bandwidth PRS moments. Yet another technical advantage is that angle-only measurements are also used as beam tracking procedures to correct or refine the transmit / receive beams used for PRS measurements, thus making PRS measurements more accurate.

[0146] Figure 7 Figure 700 illustrates a PRS configuration where some PRS times consume a larger bandwidth and some PRS times consume a smaller bandwidth, according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 7 In the example, time is represented horizontally and each box represents a PRS timing. Larger boxes represent PRS timings spanning a larger bandwidth, and smaller boxes represent PRS timings spanning a smaller bandwidth. The UE can be configured to perform time-based (“T”) and / or angle-based (“A”) measurements (labeled “T(+A)”, where “(+A)” indicates that angle measurement is optional) for larger bandwidth PRS timings and angle-only (“A”) measurements (labeled “A”) for smaller bandwidth PRS timings. Figure 7 In the example, smaller bandwidth PRS opportunities are more frequent, but this is not necessarily the case. There may be an equal number of larger and smaller bandwidth PRS opportunities, or even more larger bandwidth PRS opportunities than smaller bandwidth PRS opportunities.

[0147] The UE can report angle-based measurements as one or more RSRP measurements (one measurement per PRS resource or beam), one or more AoA measurements, and / or QCL relationships. For example... Figure 7Optionally, an angle-only measurement of a lower bandwidth PRS timing can be performed after a time-based or time- and angle-based measurement of a higher bandwidth PRS timing. The network (e.g., the positioning entity) may have already estimated the UE's initial position based on the time-based or time- and angle-based measurements. Based on subsequent angle-only measurements, the positioning entity can refine the estimated position of the UE using new (updated / refined) angle-only measurements and previous (e.g., most recent) time-based measurements. The positioning entity can do this by: link-pruning the time-based (or time- and angle-based) positioning method (e.g., by discarding previous time-based measurements that are incompatible with the new angle-only measurements), or correcting / updating / refining the angles used for previous angle-based measurements (e.g., by determining the mean, median, etc. of the current angle-based measurements), and so on.

[0148] Alternatively or additionally, the network (e.g., the positioning entity) may use subsequent angle-only measurements for LOS / NLOS detection. For example, if the measured angle changes drastically during the positioning procedure (based on angle-only measurements) (e.g., exceeding a certain threshold), this likely indicates that the LOS / NLOS conditions (e.g., transmit and receive beam pairing) for a particular link have changed. This can be used to cull any links and / or measurements. For example, the positioning entity may cull (discard) any links and / or measurements that no longer meet the LOS conditions.

[0149] Alternatively or additionally, the network (e.g., a location entity) may use subsequent angle-only measurements for subsequent time-only or time-and-angle PRS timings. For example, angle-only measurements may be used to update the QCL relationship between DL-PRS and UL-PRS in the PRS configuration. Alternatively, angle-only measurements may be used to update the selection of the downlink transmit beam. The QCL relationship may be updated after one or more angle-based measurement reports. The updated QCL relationship may be notified to the UE via LPP from a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) or via RRC from base station signaling.

[0150] There are different methods for implementing the use of a smaller PRS bandwidth for angle-only measurements and a larger PRS bandwidth for time-only or time- and angle-based measurements. As a first method, changes can be made to(the) current wireless communication standards that define the PRS. In(the) current standards, the PRS configuration has a fixed bandwidth for a specific PRS configuration, or there may be only one bandwidth within a PRS configuration.

[0151] To change the bandwidth of different PRS events within the same PRS configuration, the network can use either a pre-configuration method or a dynamic method. In the pre-configuration method, the bandwidth configuration for each PRS resource can be changed to two or more bandwidths, and a handover mode can be added to the PRS configuration to indicate the PRS bandwidth for each PRS event, slot, subframe, frame, etc. That is, the PRS configuration can specify two or more PRS bandwidths applied at the PRS event level, slot level, frame level, etc. The PRS bandwidth can further include a handover mode indicating which bandwidth is configured for which event, slot, frame, etc. The PRS configuration including the handover mode can be signaled to the UE in RRC signaling and / or LPP signaling (pre-configuration). Alternatively, the PRS configuration can be signaled to the UE in LPP signaling, and the handover mode can be signaled to the UE in RRC signaling.

[0152] For example, refer to Figure 7 The PRS configuration defines two bandwidths for interpretation: a larger bandwidth (referred to herein as "BW1") for time- and angle-based measurements and a smaller bandwidth (referred to herein as "BW2") for angle-only measurements. Figure 7 In the example, each box represents a PRS timing, but each box may alternatively represent a slot, subframe, frame, etc., containing a PRS. The PRS configuration can further specify the handover mode {BW1, BW2, BW2, BW2, BW1, BW2, BW2}. In one aspect, the PRS configuration can specify the handover mode for PRS timings / slots / frames, etc., that repeat across all PRS timings throughout the positioning session. Alternatively, the PRS configuration can specify the entire handover mode for the entire positioning session.

[0153] Alternatively or additionally, the PRS configuration can specify a measurement mode that explicitly indicates the measurement configuration for each PRS timing, slot, frame, etc. For example, refer to... Figure 7 The measurement pattern will be {T(+A), A, A, A, T(+A), A, A}. On one hand, the PRS configuration can specify the measurement pattern for all PRS timings / slots / frames, etc., that repeat across the positioning session. Alternatively, the PRS configuration can specify the entire measurement pattern used for the entire positioning session.

[0154] In the dynamic approach, the PRS configuration may include multiple bandwidth configurations for the PRS (e.g., at least one bandwidth configuration for time- and angle-based measurements and at least one bandwidth configuration for angle-only measurements). The serving base station can then dynamically indicate bandwidth switching using DCI, MAC control elements (MAC-CE), and / or RRC signaling. The indicated switching may be a one-time switching trigger applied to all subsequent PRS timings, slots, frames, etc. (until the next handover trigger), a one-time timing pattern for the next set of PRS timings, slots, frames, etc., or a recurring timing pattern applied to all subsequent PRS timings, slots, frames, etc. (until the next handover trigger).

[0155] Alternatively, the location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) can use LPP signaling to dynamically indicate bandwidth switching to the UE. Similar to signaling from the base station, this switching can be a one-time switching trigger applied to all subsequent PRS timings, slots, frames, etc. (until the next handover is triggered), a one-time timing pattern for the next set of PRS timings, slots, frames, etc., or a recurring timing pattern applied to all subsequent PRS timings, slots, frames, etc. (until the next handover is triggered).

[0156] For example, refer to Figure 7 Following the first "T(+A)" PRS timing, the UE may receive a trigger from its serving base station (e.g., in DCI, MAC-CE, or RRC) or location server (e.g., in LPP signaling) instructing it to switch to a smaller bandwidth PRS configuration. This trigger may optionally instruct the UE to switch to a smaller bandwidth PRS configuration for the next three PRS timings, or the UE may receive a second trigger after the third "A" PRS timing instructing it to switch to a larger bandwidth PRS timing. The UE may receive another trigger after the second "T(+A)" PRS timing, and so on.

[0157] The second method for using different PRS bandwidths for different types of measurements does not affect the current wireless standards that define the PRS. Current standards allow for greater PRS configuration flexibility than previous versions. This flexibility allows two or more PRS configurations with different bandwidths to be defined on the same positioning frequency layer for the same TRP. At least one PRS configuration can have a larger bandwidth for time- and angle-based measurements, and at least one PRS configuration can have a smaller bandwidth for angle-only measurements. The smaller bandwidth PRS configurations can have shorter periods to enable, for example, beam tracking. Additionally, each PRS configuration can be associated with a silent mode so that the PRS configurations do not overlap.

[0158] Figure 8The present disclosure describes examples of two PRS configurations with different bandwidths defined on the same positioning frequency layer for the same TRP. Figure 8 In the example, time is represented horizontally and each box represents a PRS timing. Larger boxes represent PRS timings spanning a larger bandwidth, and smaller boxes represent PRS timings spanning a smaller bandwidth. The UE can be configured to perform time-based (“A”) and angle-based (“A”) measurements (labeled “T(+A)”, where “(+A)” indicates that angle measurement is optional) for larger bandwidth PRS timings and angle-only (“A”) measurements (labeled “A”) for smaller bandwidth PRS timings.

[0159] exist Figure 8 In the example, the first PRS configuration 810 defines a larger bandwidth PRS timing and the second PRS configuration 820 defines a smaller bandwidth PRS timing. The first and second PRS configurations 810 and 820 should be used for the same frequency layer for the same TRP. The first and second PRS configurations 810 and 820 can also specify their respective silence modes. For the first PRS configuration 810, the second, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh PRS timings are silenced, as indicated by the crossed-out PRS timings. For the second PRS configuration 820, the first and fifth PRS timings are silenced, as indicated by the crossed-out PRS timings. In this way, the PRS timings in the first PRS configuration do not overlap with those in the second PRS configuration, and vice versa. As can be seen, Figure 8 The first and second PRS configurations 810 and 820 and their corresponding silent modes explained in the middle result in Figure 7 The pattern of lower and higher bandwidth PRS timings explained in the text.

[0160] Note that, although Figure 8 The corresponding PRS timings in each PRS configuration 810 and 820 have been explained, but this may not be the case. That is, each PRS timing in one PRS configuration may not overlap with PRS timings in another PRS configuration. For example, larger bandwidth PRS timings may be sparser and smaller bandwidth PRS timings may be denser. In this case, smaller bandwidth PRS timings that overlap with larger bandwidth PRS timings can be silenced, and larger bandwidth PRS timings may not be silenced.

[0161] On the one hand, each different PRS configuration can be associated with different types of measurement reports. For example, refer to Figure 8 The first PRS configuration 810 is for time- and angle-based measurement reports, and the second PRS configuration 820 is for angle-only measurement reports.

[0162] Currently, if a measurement gap is not configured for PRS, the UE can only measure the PRS within its current BWP. A measurement gap (MG) is a configured time period during which the serving cell suppresses transmissions to the UE so that the UE can receive transmissions (e.g., downlink reference signals) from other cells. Transmissions from other cells may or may not be in the same frequency band as the serving cell. However, since the UE is measuring different bandwidth PRS times for the same base station (or more specifically, the TRP), a measurement gap is not required.

[0163] On the one hand, without needing to configure measurement gaps, the serving base station can configure the BWP during the PRS timing to implicitly control the bandwidth of the PRS measurement. That is, the serving base station can change the active BWP of the UE across PRS timings so that PRS timings with larger BWPs are interleaved with PRS timings with smaller BWPs. For example, the base station can configure the UE to measure PRS timings for time- and angle-based measurements on all four BWPs and to measure PRS timings for angle-only measurements on one BWP. (See reference...) Figure 7 Larger boxes can represent multiple BWPs (e.g., four) and smaller boxes can represent a single BWP.

[0164] On one hand, a measurement report can be a Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), or Layer 3 (L3) report. The type of report can be based on whether the measurement report is a time- and angle-based report, a time-only report, or an angle-only report. For example, an L1 measurement report can be used for an angle-only measurement report, and an L2 or L3 measurement report can be used for a time- and angle-based measurement report or a time-only report. However, this is just an example, and various types of measurement reports can be reported as any of the L1, L2, or L3 reports.

[0165] Figure 9 An example wireless communication method 900 according to various aspects of this disclosure has been explained. In one aspect, method 900 can be performed by a UE (e.g., any UE described herein).

[0166] In 910, the UE performs one or more time-based measurements on one or more first PRS timings transmitted by a first TRP (e.g., the TRP of any of the base stations described herein), the one or more first PRS timings having a first bandwidth, such as Figure 7 As explained in the text. In one aspect, operation 910 can be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340 and / or positioning components 342, any or all of these components can be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0167] At 920, the UE receives an instruction to switch from measuring the PRS timing from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring the PRS timing from the first TRP in the second bandwidth. In one aspect, operation 920 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0168] At 930, the UE performs one or more angle-only measurements on one or more second PRS timings transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS timings having a second bandwidth, such as Figure 7 As explained in the text. In one aspect, operation 930 can be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340 and / or positioning components 342, any or all of these components can be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0169] Figure 10 An example wireless communication method 1000 according to various aspects of this disclosure has been described. In one aspect, method 1000 can be performed by a network entity, such as a positioning entity, any of the base stations described herein, a location server, and an LMF, etc.

[0170] At 1010, the network entity transmits to the UE (e.g., any UE described herein) an indication to switch from measuring the timing of a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) transmitted by a first TRP (e.g., the TRP of any base station described herein) in a first bandwidth to measuring the timing of a PRS transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth. In one aspect, when the network entity is a base station, operation 1010 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, a memory 386, and / or a positioning component 388, any or all of which can be considered means for performing the operation. When the network entity is a core network entity, operation 1010 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 390, one or more processors 394, a memory 396, and / or a positioning component 398, any or all of which can be considered means for performing the operation.

[0171] At 1020, the network entity receives a first measurement report from the UE, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS moments having a first bandwidth. In one aspect, when the network entity is a base station, operation 1020 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning components 388, any or all of these components can be considered as means for performing the operation. When the network entity is a core network entity, operation 1020 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 390, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning components 398, any or all of these components can be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0172] At 1030, the network entity receives a second measurement report from the UE, which includes one or more angle-only measurements for one or more second PRS timings. In one aspect, if the network entity is a base station, operation 1030 can be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 350, one or more processors 384, memory 386, and / or positioning components 388, any or all of which can be considered means for performing the operation. If the network entity is a core network entity, operation 1030 can be performed by one or more network transceivers 390, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning components 398, any or all of which can be considered means for performing the operation.

[0173] As will be understood, due to the use of angle-only measurements with lower bandwidth, the technical advantages of methods 900 and 1000 include improved bandwidth utilization, faster position tracking, and improved beam tracking.

[0174] Using different PRS bandwidths for different types of measurements has several technical advantages. For example, instead of each PRS moment occupying the full PRS bandwidth, only a subset of the configured PRS moments can occupy the full bandwidth, while the remaining PRS moments can occupy a smaller bandwidth. This reduces the amount of spectrum used for PRS, thus freeing up spectrum for other uses. Another technical advantage is that angle-only measurements performed on lower (smaller) bandwidth PRS moments can be used for faster positioning and tracking without requiring larger bandwidth for time-based measurements. That is, the UE can use subsequent angle-only measurements on lower bandwidth PRS moments to refine or update previous time-based and angle-based measurements on larger bandwidth PRS moments. Yet another technical advantage is that angle-only measurements are also used as beam tracking procedures to correct or refine the transmit / receive beams used for PRS measurements, thus making PRS measurements more accurate.

[0175] In the detailed description above, it can be seen that different features are grouped together in the examples. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as an intention to have more features than those explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, aspects of this disclosure may include fewer features than those of the individual example clauses disclosed. Therefore, the appended clauses should thus be considered as incorporated into this description, where each clause may be a separate example. Although each dependent clause may refer in its own clause to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspects of that dependent clause are not limited to that specific combination. It will be appreciated that other example clauses may also include combinations of aspects of the dependent clause with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or any feature combined with other dependent and independent clauses. The aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations unless explicitly stated or readily inferred that a particular combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor). Furthermore, it is intended that aspects of a clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if that clause is not directly subordinate to that independent clause.

[0176] Examples of implementations are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0177] Clause 1. A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: measuring one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) moments having a first bandwidth, the one or more first PRS moments being transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP); receiving an indication to switch from measuring PRS moments from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring PRS moments from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and measuring one or more second PRS moments having the second bandwidth, the one or more second PRS moments being transmitted by the first TRP.

[0178] Clause 2. The method as described in Clause 1, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0179] Clause 3. The method as described in Clause 2 further comprises: performing one or more time-based measurements on the one or more first PRS timings; and performing one or more angle-only measurements on the one or more second PRS timings.

[0180] Clause 4. The method as described in Clause 3 further includes: performing one or more angle-only measurements on the one or more first PRS timings.

[0181] Clause 5. The method as described in any of Clauses 3 to 4 further comprises: reporting the one or more time-based measurements to the positioning entity; and reporting the one or more angle-only measurements to the positioning entity.

[0182] Clause 6. The method as described in Clause 5, wherein: the UE reports the one or more time-based measurements to the positioning entity in a first Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), or Layer 3 (L3) measurement report, and the UE reports the one or more angle-only measurements to the positioning entity in a second L1, L2, or L3 measurement report.

[0183] Clause 7. The method described in any of Clauses 5 to 6, wherein the location entity includes a location server, a location management function (LMF), a serving base station, or a third-party application.

[0184] Clause 8. The method as described in any of Clauses 3 to 7, wherein: the one or more time-based measurements include one or more Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements, one or more Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements, one or more Transmit to Receive (Tx-Rx) measurements, one or more Receive to Transmit (Rx-Tx) measurements, or any combination thereof, and the one or more angle-only measurements include one or more Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, one or more Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, one or more Angle of Departure (AoD) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0185] Clause 9. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 8 further comprises: receiving a PRS configuration specifying: a PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; the first bandwidth; a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings; and the second bandwidth.

[0186] Clause 10. The method as described in Clause 9, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0187] Clause 11. The method as described in Clause 10, wherein: the first time period includes a PRS timing, a time slot, a subframe, or a radio frame, and the second time period includes a PRS timing, a time slot, a subframe, or a radio frame.

[0188] Clause 12. The method as described in any of Clauses 10 to 11, wherein receiving the instruction includes receiving the switching mode.

[0189] Clause 13. The method as described in any of Clauses 9 to 12, wherein the indication is an indication of all PRS timings with the second bandwidth that the UE expects to measure after receiving the indication.

[0190] Clause 14. The method as described in any of Clauses 9 to 13, wherein: the instruction is an instruction for a one-time switching mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; the instruction is an instruction for a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; or the instruction is an instruction for a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction.

[0191] Clause 15. The method as described in any of Clauses 9 to 14, wherein the indication is received from the serving base station in downlink control information (DCI), media access control element (MAC-CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0192] Clause 16. The method as described in any of Clauses 9 to 14, wherein the indication is received from the location server in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Location Protocol (LPP) message.

[0193] Clause 17. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 16 further comprises: receiving a first PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the first bandwidth; and receiving a second PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0194] Clause 18. The method as described in Clause 17, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration is silenced.

[0195] Clause 19. The method as described in any of Clauses 17 to 18, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report and the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report.

[0196] Clause 20. The method as described in Clause 19, wherein: the first type of measurement report includes a time- and angle-based measurement report or a time-only measurement report, and the second type of measurement report includes an angle-only measurement report.

[0197] Clause 21. The method as described in any of Clauses 17 to 20, wherein: the first PRS configuration specifies a first number of bandwidth portions (BWPs) for a PRS timing of the first PRS configuration, the first bandwidth including the first number of BWPs; the second PRS configuration specifies a second number of BWPs for a PRS timing of the second PRS configuration, and the second bandwidth including the second number of BWPs.

[0198] Clause 22. A wireless communication method performed by a network entity, comprising: transmitting to a user equipment (UE) an indication to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; receiving from the UE a first measurement report, the first measurement report including one or more measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and receiving from the UE a second measurement report, the second measurement report including one or more measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0199] Clause 23. The method as described in Clause 22, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0200] Clause 24. The method as described in Clause 23, wherein: the first measurement report includes one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments; and the second measurement report includes one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more second PRS moments.

[0201] Clause 25. The method of Clause 24 further includes: estimating the location of the UE based on the one or more time-based measurements.

[0202] Clause 26. The method of Clause 25 further includes: refining the position of the UE based on the one or more angle-only measurements.

[0203] Clause 27. The method of any of Clauses 25 to 26 further comprises: determining, based on the one or more angle-only measurements, whether a line-of-sight (LOS) condition associated with at least one of the one or more time-based measurements has changed; and deleting at least one of the one or more time-based measurements based on the determination that the LOS condition has changed beyond a threshold.

[0204] Clause 28. The method of any of Clauses 25 to 27 further comprises: determining a quasi-coexistence (QCL) relationship for a subsequent PRS timing having the first bandwidth based on the one or more time-based measurements.

[0205] Clause 29. The method as described in any of Clauses 24 to 28, wherein: the one or more time-based measurements include one or more Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements, one or more Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements, one or more Transmit to Receive (Tx-Rx) measurements, one or more Receive to Transmit (Rx-Tx) measurements, or any combination thereof, and the one or more angle-only measurements include one or more Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, one or more Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, one or more Angle of Departure (AoD) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0206] Clause 30. The method as described in any of Clauses 22 to 29, wherein: the first measurement report includes a first layer 1 (L1), layer 2 (L2), or layer 3 (L3) measurement report, and the second measurement report includes a second L1, L2, or L3 measurement report.

[0207] Clause 31. The method of any of Clauses 22 to 30 further comprises: transmitting to the UE a first PRS configuration for the first TRP, the first PRS configuration specifying a first PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; and transmitting to the UE a second PRS configuration for the first TRP, the second PRS configuration specifying a second PRS timing having a second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings.

[0208] Clause 32. The method as described in Clause 31, wherein: the first PRS configuration further specifies the first bandwidth, and the second PRS configuration further specifies the second bandwidth.

[0209] Clause 33. The method of any of Clauses 31 to 32, wherein the first PRS configuration and the second PRS configuration further specify a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a first PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a second PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0210] Clause 34. The method as described in Clause 33, wherein: the first time period includes a PRS timing, a time slot, a subframe, or a radio frame, and the second time period includes a PRS timing, a time slot, a subframe, or a radio frame.

[0211] Clause 35. The method as described in any of Clauses 33 to 34, wherein transmitting the instruction includes transmitting the switching mode.

[0212] Clause 36. The method as described in any of Clauses 31 to 35, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0213] Clause 37. The method as described in Clause 36, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration is silenced.

[0214] Clause 38. The method as described in any of Clauses 36 to 37, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report and the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report.

[0215] Clause 39. The method as described in Clause 38, wherein: the first type of measurement report includes a time- and angle-based measurement report or a time-only measurement report, and the second type of measurement report includes an angle-only measurement report.

[0216] Clause 40. The method as described in any of Clauses 36 to 39, wherein: the first PRS configuration specifies a first number of bandwidth portions (BWPs) for a PRS timing of the first PRS configuration, the first bandwidth including the first number of BWPs; the second PRS configuration specifies a second number of BWPs for a PRS timing of the second PRS configuration, and the second bandwidth including the second number of BWPs.

[0217] Clause 41. The method as described in any of Clauses 22 to 40, wherein: the network entity includes a base station serving the UE, and the base station transmits the indication to the UE in downlink control information (DCI), media access control element (MAC-CE), or radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0218] Clause 42. The method as described in any of Clauses 22 to 40, wherein: the network entity includes a location server, and the location server transmits the indication to the UE in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Location Protocol (LPP) message.

[0219] Clause 43. The method as described in any of Clauses 22 to 42, wherein the indication is an indication of all PRS timings with the second bandwidth that the UE expects to measure after receiving the indication.

[0220] Clause 44. The method as described in any of Clauses 22 to 43, wherein: the instruction is an instruction for a one-time switching mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; the instruction is an instruction for a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; or the instruction is an instruction for a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction.

[0221] Clause 45. The method as described in any of Clauses 22 to 41, 43 and 44, wherein: the network entity includes a base station serving the UE, and the base station forwards the first measurement report and the second measurement report to a location server.

[0222] Clause 46. An apparatus comprising: a memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the memory, the at least one transceiver, and the at least one processor being configured to perform a method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 45.

[0223] Clause 47. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method described in any one of Clauses 1 to 45.

[0224] Clause 48. A non-transient computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, said computer-executable instructions including at least one instruction for causing a computer or processor to perform the method described in any one of Clauses 1 to 45.

[0225] Examples of additional implementations are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0226] Clause 1. A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE) comprising: performing one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) timings transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP), the one or more first PRS timings having a first bandwidth; receiving an indication to switch from measuring a PRS timing from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and performing one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS timings having a second bandwidth.

[0227] Clause 2. The method as described in Clause 1, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0228] Clause 3. The method as described in any of Clauses 1 to 2 further comprises: performing one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more first PRS moments in addition to the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments.

[0229] Clause 4. The method as described in any of Clauses 1 to 3 further comprises: reporting to the positioning entity the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments; and reporting to the positioning entity the one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more second PRS moments.

[0230] Clause 5. The method as described in any of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein: the one or more time-based measurements include one or more Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements, one or more Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements, one or more Transmit to Receive (Tx-Rx) time difference measurements, one or more Receive to Transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference measurements, or any combination thereof, and the one or more angle-only measurements include one or more Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, one or more Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, one or more Angle of Departure (AoD) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0231] Clause 6. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 5 further comprises: receiving a PRS configuration specifying: a PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; the first bandwidth; a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings; and the second bandwidth.

[0232] Clause 7. The method as described in Clause 6, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0233] Clause 8. The method as described in Clause 7, wherein receiving the instruction includes receiving the switching mode.

[0234] Clause 9. The method of any of Clauses 6 to 8, wherein the indication is an indication that the UE expects to measure all PRS timings with the second bandwidth after receiving the indication.

[0235] Clause 10. The method as described in any of Clauses 6 to 9, wherein: the instruction is an instruction for a one-time switching mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; the instruction is an instruction for a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; or the instruction is an instruction for a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction.

[0236] Clause 11. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 10 further comprises: receiving a first PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the first bandwidth; and receiving a second PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0237] Clause 12. The method as described in Clause 11, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

[0238] Clause 13. The method as described in any of Clauses 11 to 12, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report, the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report, the first type of measurement report includes time-based or time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and the second type of measurement report includes angle-only measurement reports.

[0239] Clause 14. A wireless communication method performed by a network entity, comprising: transmitting to a user equipment (UE) an indication to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit-receive point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; receiving from the UE a first measurement report, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and receiving from the UE a second measurement report, the second measurement report including one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0240] Clause 15. The method as described in Clause 14, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0241] Clause 16. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 15 further comprises: estimating the position of the UE based on the one or more time-based measurements; and refining the position of the UE based on the one or more angle-only measurements.

[0242] Clause 17. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 16 further comprises: determining, based on the one or more angle-only measurements, whether a line-of-sight (LOS) condition associated with at least one of the one or more time-based measurements has changed; and deleting at least one of the one or more time-based measurements based on determining that the LOS condition has changed beyond a threshold.

[0243] Clause 18. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 17 further comprises: determining a quasi-coexistence (QCL) relationship for a subsequent PRS timing having the first bandwidth based on the one or more time-based measurements.

[0244] Clause 19. The method of any of Clauses 14 to 18 further comprises: transmitting to the UE a first PRS configuration for the first TRP, the first PRS configuration specifying the first bandwidth and a first PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; and transmitting to the UE a second PRS configuration for the first TRP, the second PRS configuration specifying the second bandwidth and a second PRS timing having the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings.

[0245] Clause 20. The method as described in Clause 19, wherein the first PRS configuration and the second PRS configuration further specify a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a first PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a second PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0246] Clause 21. The method as described in Clause 20, wherein transmitting the instruction includes transmitting the switching mode.

[0247] Clause 22. The method as described in any of Clauses 19 to 21, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0248] Clause 23. The method as described in any of Clauses 19 to 22, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

[0249] Clause 24. The method as described in any of Clauses 19 to 23, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report, the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report, the first type of measurement report including time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and the second type of measurement report including angle-only measurement reports.

[0250] Clause 25. The method as described in any of Clauses 19 to 24, wherein: the first PRS configuration specifies a first number of bandwidth portions (BWPs) for a PRS timing of the first PRS configuration, the first bandwidth including the first number of BWPs; the second PRS configuration specifies a second number of BWPs for a PRS timing of the second PRS configuration, and the second bandwidth including the second number of BWPs.

[0251] Clause 26. The method as described in any of Clauses 14 to 25, wherein the indication is an indication of all PRS timings with the second bandwidth that the UE expects to measure after receiving the indication.

[0252] Clause 27. The method as described in any of Clauses 14 to 26, wherein: the instruction is an instruction for a one-time switching mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; the instruction is an instruction for a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; or the instruction is an instruction for a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction.

[0253] Clause 28. The method as described in any of Clauses 14 to 27, wherein: the network entity includes a base station serving the UE, and the base station forwards the first measurement report and the second measurement report to a location server.

[0254] Clause 29. A user equipment (UE) comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: perform one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) timings transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP), the one or more first PRS timings having a first bandwidth; receive via the at least one transceiver an instruction to switch from measuring a PRS timing from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and perform one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS timings having the second bandwidth.

[0255] Clause 30. The UE as described in Clause 29, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0256] Clause 31. The UE as described in any of Clauses 29 to 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to perform one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more first PRS moments in addition to the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments.

[0257] Clause 32. The UE as described in any of Clauses 29 to 31, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: report to the positioning entity the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS timings; and report to the positioning entity the one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more second PRS timings.

[0258] Clause 33. The UE as described in any of Clauses 29 to 32, wherein: the one or more time-based measurements include one or more Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements, one or more Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements, one or more Transmit to Receive (Tx-Rx) Time Difference measurements, one or more Receive to Transmit (Rx-Tx) Time Difference measurements, or any combination thereof, and the one or more angle-only measurements include one or more Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, one or more Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, one or more Angle of Departure (AoD) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0259] Clause 34. The UE as described in any of Clauses 29 to 33, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive a PRS configuration via the at least one transceiver, the PRS configuration specifying: a PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; the first bandwidth; a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings; and the second bandwidth.

[0260] Clause 35. The UE as described in Clause 34, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0261] Clause 36. The UE as described in Clause 35, wherein the at least one processor configured to receive the indication includes the at least one processor configured to receive the switching mode.

[0262] Clause 37. The UE as described in any of Clauses 34 to 36, wherein the indication is an indication that the UE expects to measure all PRS timings with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the indication.

[0263] Clause 38. The UE as described in any of Clauses 34 to 37, wherein: the indication is an indication for a one-time handover mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the indication; the indication is an indication for a handover mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the indication; or the indication is an indication for a repeated handover mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the indication.

[0264] Clause 39. The UE as described in any of Clauses 29 to 38, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive via the at least one transceiver a first PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the first bandwidth; and receive via the at least one transceiver a second PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0265] Clause 40. The UE as described in Clause 39, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

[0266] Clause 41. The UE as described in any of Clauses 39 to 40, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report, the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report, the first type of measurement report includes time-based or time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and the second type of measurement report includes angle-only measurement reports.

[0267] Clause 42. A network entity comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: transmit via the at least one transceiver an indication to a user equipment (UE) to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; receive via the at least one transceiver a first measurement report from the UE, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and receive via the at least one transceiver a second measurement report from the UE, the second measurement report including one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0268] Clause 43. A network entity as described in Clause 42, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0269] Clause 44. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 42 to 43, wherein the least one processor is further configured to: estimate the location of the UE based on the one or more time-based measurements; and refine the location of the UE based on the one or more angle-only measurements.

[0270] Clause 45. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 42 to 44, wherein the least one processor is further configured to: determine, based on the one or more angle-only measurements, whether a line-of-sight (LOS) condition associated with at least one of the one or more time-based measurements has changed; and to purge at least one of the one or more time-based measurements based on the determination that the LOS condition has changed beyond a threshold.

[0271] Clause 46. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 42 to 45, wherein the least one processor is further configured to: determine a quasi-coexistence (QCL) relationship for a subsequent PRS timing having the first bandwidth based on the one or more time-based measurements.

[0272] Clause 47. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 42 to 46, wherein the least one processor is further configured to: transmit to the UE via the at least one transceiver a first PRS configuration for the first TRP, the first PRS configuration specifying the first bandwidth and a first PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; and transmit to the UE via the at least one transceiver a second PRS configuration for the first TRP, the second PRS configuration specifying the second bandwidth and a second PRS timing having the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings.

[0273] Clause 48. The network entity as described in Clause 47, wherein the first PRS configuration and the second PRS configuration further specify a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a first PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a second PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0274] Clause 49. A network entity as described in Clause 48, wherein the at least one processor configured to transmit the indication includes the at least one processor configured to transmit the switching mode.

[0275] Clause 50. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 47 to 49, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same location frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0276] Clause 51. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 47 to 50, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

[0277] Clause 52. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 47 to 51, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report, the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report, the first type of measurement report including time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and the second type of measurement report including angle-only measurement reports.

[0278] Clause 53. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 47 to 52, wherein: the first PRS configuration specifies a first number of bandwidth portions (BWPs) for a PRS timing of the first PRS configuration, the first bandwidth including the first number of BWPs; the second PRS configuration specifies a second number of BWPs for a PRS timing of the second PRS configuration, and the second bandwidth including the second number of BWPs.

[0279] Clause 54. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 42 to 53, wherein the indication is an indication that the UE expects to measure all PRS timings with the second bandwidth after receiving the indication.

[0280] Clause 55. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 42 to 54, wherein: the instruction is an instruction for a one-time switching mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; the instruction is an instruction for a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; or the instruction is an instruction for a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction.

[0281] Clause 56. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 42 to 55, wherein: the network entity includes a base station serving the UE, and the base station forwards the first measurement report and the second measurement report to a location server.

[0282] Clause 57. A user equipment (UE) comprising: means for performing one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) timings transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP), the one or more first PRS timings having a first bandwidth; means for receiving an indication to switch from measuring a PRS timing from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and means for performing one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS timings having a second bandwidth.

[0283] Clause 58. The UE as described in Clause 57, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0284] Clause 59. The UE as described in any of Clauses 57 to 58 further includes: means for performing one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more first PRS moments in addition to the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments.

[0285] Clause 60. The UE as described in any of Clauses 57 to 59 further includes: means for reporting to a positioning entity the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS timings; and means for reporting to a positioning entity the one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more second PRS timings.

[0286] Clause 61. The UE as described in any of Clauses 57 to 60, wherein: the one or more time-based measurements include one or more Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements, one or more Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements, one or more Transmit to Receive (Tx-Rx) Time Difference measurements, one or more Receive to Transmit (Rx-Tx) Time Difference measurements, or any combination thereof, and the one or more angle-only measurements include one or more Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, one or more Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, one or more Angle of Departure (AoD) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0287] Clause 62. The UE as described in any of Clauses 57 to 61 further includes: means for receiving a PRS configuration, the PRS configuration specifying: a PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; the first bandwidth; a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings; and the second bandwidth.

[0288] Clause 63. The UE as described in Clause 62, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0289] Clause 64. The UE as described in Clause 63, wherein the means for receiving the indication includes means for receiving the switching mode.

[0290] Clause 65. The UE as described in any of Clauses 62 to 64, wherein the indication is an indication that the UE expects to measure all PRS timings with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the indication.

[0291] Clause 66. The UE as described in any of Clauses 62 to 65, wherein: the indication is an indication for a one-time handover mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the indication; the indication is an indication for a handover mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the indication; or the indication is an indication for a repeated handover mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the indication.

[0292] Clause 67. The UE as described in any of Clauses 57 to 66 further includes: means for receiving a first PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the first bandwidth; and means for receiving a second PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0293] Clause 68. The UE as described in Clause 67, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

[0294] Clause 69. The UE as described in any of Clauses 67 to 68, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report, the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report, the first type of measurement report includes time-based or time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and the second type of measurement report includes angle-only measurement reports.

[0295] Clause 70. A network entity comprising: means for transmitting to a user equipment (UE) an indication to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; means for receiving from the UE a first measurement report, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and means for receiving from the UE a second measurement report, the second measurement report including one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0296] Clause 71. A network entity as described in Clause 70, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0297] Clause 72. The network entity as described in any of Clauses 70 to 71 further includes: means for estimating the location of the UE based on the one or more time-based measurements; and means for refining the location of the UE based on the one or more angle-only measurements.

[0298] Clause 73. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 70 to 72, further comprising: means for determining, based on the one or more angle-only measurements, whether a line-of-sight (LOS) condition associated with at least one of the one or more time-based measurements has changed; and means for removing at least one of the one or more time-based measurements based on determining that the LOS condition has changed beyond a threshold.

[0299] Clause 74. The network entity as described in any of Clauses 70 to 73 further includes: means for determining a quasi-coexistence (QCL) relationship for a subsequent PRS timing having the first bandwidth based on the one or more time-based measurements.

[0300] Clause 75. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 70 to 74, further comprising: means for transmitting to the UE a first PRS configuration for the first TRP, the first PRS configuration specifying the first bandwidth and a first PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; and means for transmitting to the UE a second PRS configuration for the first TRP, the second PRS configuration specifying the second bandwidth and a second PRS timing having the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings.

[0301] Clause 76. The network entity as described in Clause 75, wherein the first PRS configuration and the second PRS configuration further specify a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a first PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a second PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0302] Clause 77. A network entity as described in Clause 76, wherein the means for transmitting the instruction includes means for transmitting the switching mode.

[0303] Clause 78. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 75 to 77, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same location frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0304] Clause 79. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 75 to 78, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

[0305] Clause 80. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 75 to 79, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report, the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report, the first type of measurement report including time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and the second type of measurement report including angle-only measurement reports.

[0306] Clause 81. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 75 to 80, wherein: the first PRS configuration specifies a first number of bandwidth portions (BWPs) for a PRS timing of the first PRS configuration, the first bandwidth including the first number of BWPs; the second PRS configuration specifies a second number of BWPs for a PRS timing of the second PRS configuration, and the second bandwidth including the second number of BWPs.

[0307] Clause 82. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 70 to 81, wherein the indication is an indication that the UE expects to measure all PRS timings with the second bandwidth after receiving the indication.

[0308] Clause 83. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 70 to 82, wherein: the instruction is an instruction for a one-time switching mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; the instruction is an instruction for a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; or the instruction is an instruction for a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction.

[0309] Clause 84. A network entity as described in any of Clauses 70 to 83, wherein: the network entity includes a base station serving the UE, and the base station forwards the first measurement report and the second measurement report to a location server.

[0310] Clause 85. A non-transient computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: perform one or more time-based measurements of one or more first positioning reference signal (PRS) moments transmitted by a first transmit receiving point (TRP), the one or more first PRS moments having a first bandwidth; receive an instruction to switch from measuring a PRS moment from the first TRP in the first bandwidth to measuring a PRS moment from the first TRP in a second bandwidth; and perform one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS moments transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS moments having the second bandwidth.

[0311] Clause 86. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 85, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0312] Clause 87. The non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 85 to 86 further includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to perform the following operations: in addition to the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments, perform one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more first PRS moments.

[0313] Clause 88. The non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 85 to 87 further includes computer-executable instructions, when executed by the UE, to cause the UE to perform the following operations: report to a positioning entity the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments; and report to a positioning entity the one or more angle-only measurements of the one or more second PRS moments.

[0314] Clause 89. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 85 to 88, wherein: the one or more time-based measurements include one or more Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements, one or more Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements, one or more Transmission-to-Receive (Tx-Rx) Time Difference measurements, one or more Receive-to-Transmission (Rx-Tx) Time Difference measurements, or any combination thereof, and the one or more angle-only measurements include one or more Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements, one or more Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements, one or more Angle of Departure (AoD) measurements, or any combination thereof.

[0315] Clause 90. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 85 to 89, further comprising, when executed by the UE, computer-executable instructions that cause the UE to perform the following operations: receiving a PRS configuration specifying: a PRS timing having a first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; the first bandwidth; a PRS timing having a second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings; and the second bandwidth.

[0316] Clause 91. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 90, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0317] Clause 92. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 91, wherein causing the computer-executable instruction to receive the indication when executed by the UE includes causing the computer-executable instruction to receive the switching mode when executed by the UE.

[0318] Clause 93. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 90 to 92, wherein the indication is an indication of all PRS timings with the second bandwidth that the UE expects to measure after receiving the indication.

[0319] Clause 94. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 90 to 93, wherein: the instruction indicates a one-time switching mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; the instruction indicates a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; or the instruction indicates a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction.

[0320] Clause 95. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 85 to 94, further comprising, when executed by the UE, computer-executable instructions that cause the UE to perform the following operations: receiving a first PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the first bandwidth; and receiving a second PRS configuration for a PRS timing having the second bandwidth, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0321] Clause 96. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 95, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

[0322] Clause 97. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 95 to 96, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report, the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report, the first type of measurement report including time-based or time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and the second type of measurement report including angle-only measurement reports.

[0323] Clause 98. A non-transient computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network entity, cause the network entity to: transmit to a user equipment (UE) an indication to switch from measuring a positioning reference signal (PRS) timing transmitted by a first transmit-receive point (TRP) in a first bandwidth to measuring a PRS timing transmitted by the first TRP in a second bandwidth; receive from the UE a first measurement report, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS timings having the first bandwidth; and receive from the UE a second measurement report, the second measurement report including one or more angle-only measurements of one or more second PRS timings.

[0324] Clause 99. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 98, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

[0325] Clause 100. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 98 to 99, further comprising, when executed by the network entity, computer-executable instructions that cause the network entity to perform the following operations: estimating the position of the UE based on the one or more time-based measurements; and refining the position of the UE based on the one or more angle-only measurements.

[0326] Clause 101. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 98 to 100, further comprising, when executed by the network entity, computer-executable instructions that cause the network entity to perform the following operations: determining, based on the one or more angle-only measurements, whether a line-of-sight (LOS) condition associated with at least one of the one or more time-based measurements has changed; and pruning at least one of the one or more time-based measurements based on determining that the LOS condition has changed beyond a threshold.

[0327] Clause 102. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 98 to 101, further comprising, when executed by the network entity, computer-executable instructions that cause the network entity to perform the following operations: determining a quasi-coexistence (QCL) relationship for a subsequent PRS timing having the first bandwidth based on the one or more time-based measurements.

[0328] Clause 103. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 98 to 102, further comprising, when executed by the network entity, computer-executable instructions that cause the network entity to perform the following operations: transmit to the UE a first PRS configuration for the first TRP, the first PRS configuration specifying the first bandwidth and a first PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including the one or more first PRS timings; and transmit to the UE a second PRS configuration for the first TRP, the second PRS configuration specifying the second bandwidth and a second PRS timing having the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings.

[0329] Clause 104. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 103, wherein the first PRS configuration and the second PRS configuration further specify a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a first PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a second PRS timing with the second bandwidth.

[0330] Clause 105. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 104, wherein causing the network entity to transmit the indicated computer-executable instructions when executed by the network entity includes causing the network entity to transmit the switching mode computer-executable instructions when executed by the network entity.

[0331] Clause 106. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 103 to 105, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

[0332] Clause 107. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 103 to 106, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

[0333] Clause 108. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 103 to 107, wherein: the first PRS configuration is associated with a first type of measurement report, the second PRS configuration is associated with a second type of measurement report, the first type of measurement report including time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and the second type of measurement report including angle-only measurement reports.

[0334] Clause 109. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 103 to 108, wherein: the first PRS configuration specifies a first number of bandwidth portions (BWPs) for a PRS timing of the first PRS configuration, the first bandwidth including the first number of BWPs; the second PRS configuration specifies a second number of BWPs for a PRS timing of the second PRS configuration, and the second bandwidth including the second number of BWPs.

[0335] Clause 110. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 98 to 109, wherein the indication is an indication of all PRS timings with the second bandwidth that the UE expects to measure after receiving the indication.

[0336] Clause 111. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 98 to 110, wherein: the instruction indicates a one-time switching mode for a set of PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and a set of PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; the instruction indicates a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction; or the instruction indicates a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth scheduled after receiving the instruction.

[0337] Clause 112. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in any of Clauses 98 to 111, wherein: the network entity includes a base station serving the UE, and the base station forwards the first measurement report and the second measurement report to a location server.

[0338] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0339] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described above in a generalized manner in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0340] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), ASIC, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0341] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of both. The software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Example storage media are coupled to a processor so that the processor can read and write information from / to the storage medium. In alternatives, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). In alternatives, the processor and storage medium may reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0342] In one or more examples, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on or through a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A storage medium may be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Similarly, any connection is also legitimately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then such coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. As used in this article, disks and discs include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital multi-purpose discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0343] Although the foregoing disclosure illustrates illustrative aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions in the method claims according to the aspects of this disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of this disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, pluralism is also contemplated unless explicitly stated to be limited to the singular.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: A Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) configuration is received, the PRS configuration specifying a PRS timing with a first bandwidth and a PRS timing with a second bandwidth, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth. According to the switching mode, one or more time-based measurements are performed on one or more first PRS moments transmitted by a first transmit-receive point (TRP), the one or more first PRS moments having the first bandwidth; as well as According to the switching mode, perform one or more angle-based measurements on one or more second PRS moments transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS moments having the second bandwidth.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: In addition to the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments, one or more angle-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments are also performed.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Report the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments to the positioning entity; as well as Report the one or more angle-only measurements for the one or more second PRS timings to the positioning entity.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: The one or more time-based measurements include one or more Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements, one or more Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements, one or more Transmission-to-Receive (Tx-Rx) Time Difference measurements, one or more Receive-to-Transmission (Rx-Tx) Time Difference measurements, or any combination thereof, and The one or more angle-only measurements include one or more reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, one or more angle of arrival (AoA) measurements, one or more angle of departure (AoD) measurements, or any combination thereof.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: The switching mode is a one-time switching mode for the PRS timing set with the first bandwidth and the PRS timing set with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode. The switching mode is a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode, or The switching mode is a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the PRS configuration comprises: Receive a first PRS configuration for a PRS timing with the first bandwidth; as well as Receive a second PRS configuration for the PRS timing with the second bandwidth. All PRS timings configured in the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings configured in the second PRS configuration are for the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein: The first PRS configuration is associated with the first type of measurement report. The second PRS configuration is associated with the second type of measurement report. The first type of measurement report includes time-based or time- and angle-based measurement reports, or time-only measurement reports, and The second type of measurement report includes angle-based measurement reports.

10. A wireless communication method performed by a network entity, comprising: A Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) configuration is provided, wherein the PRS configuration specifies a PRS timing with a first bandwidth and a PRS timing with a second bandwidth, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode, wherein the handover mode indicates a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth. Receive a first measurement report, the first measurement report including one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS moments having the first bandwidth, the one or more first PRS moments being transmitted by a first transmit-receive point (TRP) in the first bandwidth, the one or more time-based measurements being obtained according to the switching mode; as well as Receive a second measurement report, the second measurement report including only one or more angle-based measurements of one or more second PRS moments, the one or more second PRS moments being transmitted by the first TRP in the second bandwidth, the one or more angle-based measurements being obtained according to the switching mode.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising: The location of the UE is estimated based on one or more time-based measurements; as well as The position of the UE is refined based on one or more angle-based measurements.

13. The method of claim 10, further comprising: Determine whether the line-of-sight (LOS) conditions associated with at least one of the one or more time-based measurements have changed based on the one or more angle-based measurements. as well as At least one of the one or more time-based measurements is removed based on the determination that the LOS condition has changed beyond a threshold.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising: The quasi-coexistence (QCL) relationship for subsequent PRS timings with the first bandwidth is determined based on the one or more time-based measurements.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein transmitting the PRS configuration comprises: Transmit a first PRS configuration for the first TRP, the first PRS configuration specifying the first bandwidth and a first PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including one or more first PRS timings; as well as Transmit a second PRS configuration for the first TRP, the second PRS configuration specifying the second bandwidth and a second PRS timing with the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein: The first PRS configuration is associated with the first type of measurement report. The second PRS configuration is associated with the second type of measurement report. The first type of measurement report includes time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and The second type of measurement report includes angle-based measurement reports.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein: The first PRS configuration specifies a first number of bandwidth portions (BWP) for the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration. The first bandwidth includes the first number of BWPs. The second PRS configuration specifies a second number of BWPs for the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration, and The second bandwidth includes the second number of BWPs.

20. The method of claim 10, wherein: The switching mode is a one-time switching mode for the PRS timing set with the first bandwidth and the PRS timing set with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode. The switching mode is a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode, or The switching mode is a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode.

21. The method of claim 10, wherein: The network entity includes a base station serving the UE, and The base station forwards the first measurement report and the second measurement report to the location server.

22. A user equipment (UE), comprising: One or more memory units; One or more transceivers; as well as One or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being configured individually or in combination to: The location reference signal (PRS) is received via the one or more transceivers, the PRS configuration specifying a PRS timing with a first bandwidth and a PRS timing with a second bandwidth, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth. According to the switching mode, one or more time-based measurements are performed on one or more first PRS moments transmitted by a first transmit-receive point (TRP), the one or more first PRS moments having the first bandwidth; as well as According to the switching mode, perform one or more angle-based measurements on one or more second PRS moments transmitted by the first TRP, the one or more second PRS moments having the second bandwidth.

23. The UE of claim 22, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

24. The UE of claim 22, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: In addition to the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments, one or more angle-based measurements of the one or more first PRS moments are also performed.

25. The UE of claim 22, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: Report the one or more time-based measurements of the one or more first PRS timings to the positioning entity; and Report the one or more angle-only measurements for the one or more second PRS timings to the positioning entity.

26. The UE of claim 22, wherein: The one or more time-based measurements include one or more Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements, one or more Time of Arrival (ToA) measurements, one or more Transmission-to-Receive (Tx-Rx) Time Difference measurements, one or more Receive-to-Transmission (Rx-Tx) Time Difference measurements, or any combination thereof, and The one or more angle-only measurements include one or more reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, one or more angle of arrival (AoA) measurements, one or more angle of departure (AoD) measurements, or any combination thereof.

27. The UE of claim 22, wherein: The switching mode is a one-time switching mode for the PRS timing set with the first bandwidth and the PRS timing set with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode. The switching mode is a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode, or The switching mode is a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode.

28. The UE of claim 22, wherein the one or more processors configured to receive the PRS configuration further comprises the one or more processors being configured to: Receive a first PRS configuration for a PRS timing with the first bandwidth; and Receive a second PRS configuration for the PRS timing with the second bandwidth. All PRS timings configured in the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings configured in the second PRS configuration are for the same positioning frequency layer of the first TRP.

29. The UE of claim 28, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

30. The UE of claim 28, wherein: The first PRS configuration is associated with the first type of measurement report. The second PRS configuration is associated with the second type of measurement report. The first type of measurement report includes time-based or time- and angle-based measurement reports, or time-only measurement reports, and The second type of measurement report includes angle-based measurement reports.

31. A network entity, comprising: One or more memory units; One or more transceivers; as well as One or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being configured individually or in combination to: The positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration is transmitted via the one or more transceivers, the PRS configuration specifying a PRS timing with a first bandwidth and a PRS timing with a second bandwidth, wherein the PRS configuration further specifies a handover mode, the handover mode indicating a first time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the first bandwidth and a second time period during which the UE is expected to measure a PRS timing with the second bandwidth. Receive a first measurement report via the one or more transceivers, the first measurement report comprising one or more time-based measurements of one or more first PRS moments having the first bandwidth, the one or more first PRS moments being transmitted by a first transmit-receive point (TRP) within the first bandwidth, the one or more time-based measurements being obtained according to the switching mode; and A second measurement report is received via the one or more transceivers. The second measurement report includes only one or more angle-based measurements of one or more second PRS moments, which are transmitted by the first TRP in the second bandwidth. The one or more angle-based measurements are obtained according to the switching mode.

32. The network entity of claim 31, wherein the first bandwidth is greater than the second bandwidth.

33. The network entity of claim 31, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The location of the UE is estimated based on one or more time-based measurements; and The position of the UE is refined based on one or more angle-based measurements.

34. The network entity of claim 31, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: Determine whether the line-of-sight (LOS) conditions associated with at least one of the one or more time-based measurements have changed based on the one or more angle-based measurements; and At least one of the one or more time-based measurements is removed based on the determination that the LOS condition has changed beyond a threshold.

35. The network entity of claim 31, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: The quasi-coexistence (QCL) relationship for subsequent PRS timings with the first bandwidth is determined based on the one or more time-based measurements.

36. The network entity of claim 31, wherein the one or more processors configured to transmit the PRS configuration further comprises the one or more processors being configured to: Transmit a first PRS configuration for the first TRP, the first PRS configuration specifying the first bandwidth and a first PRS timing having the first bandwidth, including one or more first PRS timings; and Transmit a second PRS configuration for the first TRP, the second PRS configuration specifying the second bandwidth and a second PRS timing with the second bandwidth, including the one or more second PRS timings.

37. The network entity of claim 36, wherein all PRS timings of the first PRS configuration and all PRS timings of the second PRS configuration are directed to the same location frequency layer of the first TRP.

38. The network entity of claim 36, wherein the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration that overlaps with the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration in time is silenced.

39. The network entity as described in claim 36, wherein: The first PRS configuration is associated with the first type of measurement report. The second PRS configuration is associated with the second type of measurement report. The first type of measurement report includes time- and angle-based measurement reports or time-only measurement reports, and The second type of measurement report includes angle-based measurement reports.

40. The network entity as claimed in claim 36, wherein: The first PRS configuration specifies a first number of bandwidth portions (BWP) for the PRS timing of the first PRS configuration. The first bandwidth includes the first number of BWPs. The second PRS configuration specifies a second number of BWPs for the PRS timing of the second PRS configuration, and The second bandwidth includes the second number of BWPs.

41. The network entity as claimed in claim 31, wherein: The switching mode is a one-time switching mode for the PRS timing set with the first bandwidth and the PRS timing set with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode. The switching mode is a switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode, or The switching mode is a repeated switching mode for all PRS opportunities with the first bandwidth and all PRS opportunities with the second bandwidth that are scheduled after receiving the switching mode.

42. The network entity as claimed in claim 31, wherein: The network entity includes a base station serving the UE, and The base station forwards the first measurement report and the second measurement report to the location server.

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