Method for improving output rate and quality of cigar coating of upper tobacco leaf of cigar

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of cigar coats of upper tobacco leaves of cigars. The method disclosed by the invention comprises various steps of regulating and controlling the properties of basic soil, regulating and controlling the cultivation density, regulating and controlling the fertilization mode, regulating and controlling the shading treatment mode, regulating and controlling the form of tobacco plants, using a growth regulator, regulating and controlling environmental parameters in an airing period and regulating and controlling fermentation parameters in a fermentation period. The method can promote the form formation of the upper tobacco leaves, reduce the leaf damage, delay the senescence of the upper tobacco leaves, optimize the tissue structure, ensure the formation of the color, oil content and sensory quality of the upper tobacco leaves, and improve the yield and quality of the cigar coats of the upper tobacco leaves of cigars.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cigar tobacco leaf cultivation and subsequent processing technology, and in particular to a method for improving the yield and quality of the upper tobacco leaf wrapper of cigars. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the market for Chinese-style cigars has developed rapidly. Although mid-to-high-end products have seen some growth, penetrating the higher-end market remains challenging, with the quality of cigar tobacco being a significant constraint. While domestic cigar tobacco cultivation has reached a considerable scale, a shortage of high-quality wrapper tobacco remains a problem, leading to heavy reliance on imports and severely limiting the development of domestic cigar brands. Compared to high-quality tobacco from overseas producing regions, domestically produced wrapper tobacco suffers from issues such as large veins, excessively thick leaves, uneven and dull color, and poor flatness.

[0003] Cigar tobacco leaves develop morphologically from the lower end to the top. Due to the different growth times of leaves at different locations, they exhibit varying growth morphology, characteristics, nutrient content, and chemical composition at each stage, ultimately determining the quality and economic benefits of leaves at different positions. The upper leaves, due to their later development, often have smaller and thicker leaves, resulting in poorer appearance quality. They are typically used as filler leaves and are rarely used for wrapper leaves. Therefore, improving raw material production technology to enhance the appearance quality of upper leaves and increase wrapper yield is crucial for ensuring a stable supply of raw materials for Chinese cigars.

[0004] The production of cigar tobacco leaves is mainly divided into the field cultivation period, the drying period, and the fermentation period. Different production techniques at each stage have a significant impact on the formation of tobacco quality. However, existing cultivation experiments mostly explore the effects of single techniques such as shading methods, planting density, fertilization control, and growth regulators on the quality formation mechanism of cigar tobacco, failing to combine multiple factors to propose a set of technical methods for improving the yield and quality of the upper leaves and wrapper of cigar tobacco.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving the yield and quality of the upper tobacco leaves and wrapper of cigars, ensuring the formation of the color, oil content and sensory quality of the upper tobacco leaves, and improving the yield and quality of the upper tobacco leaves and wrapper of cigars.

[0007] This invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of the upper tobacco leaves and wrapper of cigars, including multiple aspects such as regulating the basic soil properties, regulating the planting density, regulating the fertilization method, regulating the shading treatment method, regulating the tobacco plant morphology, using growth regulators, regulating environmental parameters during the drying period, and regulating fermentation parameters during the fermentation period.

[0008] In this invention, the regulation of basic soil properties includes: planting cigar tobacco leaves in lateritic soil, controlling the soil pH to 6.5-7.0, organic matter content to 15-20 g / kg, total nitrogen content to 1.6-1.8 g / kg, water-soluble nitrogen content to 40-50 mg / kg, total phosphorus content to 0.40-0.60 g / kg, available phosphorus content to 30-40 mg / kg, total potassium content to 50-55 g / kg, and available potassium content to 150-200 mg / kg. These soil physicochemical properties are beneficial for improving the soil microbial community and providing sufficient potassium for the tobacco plants, which is suitable for the formation of high-quality tobacco leaves.

[0009] In this invention, controlling the planting density includes: maintaining a row spacing of 100-110 cm, a plant spacing of 35-40 cm, and a planting density of 22,000-29,000 plants / hectare. Excessive planting density inhibits individual plant growth and is detrimental to wrapper formation; excessively low planting density inhibits the population effect, negatively impacting yield and economic benefits. The above-mentioned planting density range is the optimal range selected through experiments and is suitable for the yield and quality formation of cigar tobacco leaves under shade cultivation in the Hainan production area.

[0010] In this invention, the fertilization method is regulated as follows: Base fertilizer application includes 90-110 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, 25-35 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20-30 kg / mu of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 25-35 kg / mu of 15-5-25 compound fertilizer, and 18-22 kg / mu of magnesium sulfate; topdressing is applied 45-55 days after transplanting with 5-7 kg / mu of KNO3. Potassium and magnesium have significant effects on the growth and yield of tobacco leaves. Increasing magnesium fertilizer in traditional base fertilizer can increase the potassium and magnesium content of tobacco leaves. Potassium is beneficial to improving the combustibility of tobacco leaves, and magnesium has a positive effect on the ash color after burning. Applying potassium and magnesium fertilizers during the vigorous growth stage replenishes the content of readily available nutrients in the soil, which is beneficial to promoting nutrient absorption and leaf growth in the upper leaves of the tobacco plant, thereby increasing the yield of the tobacco wrapper.

[0011] In this invention, the shading treatment method is controlled by: using multi-layer shading nets for shading, dynamically adjusting the shading rate to control the light intensity below 60,000 LUX; and maintaining the overall light transmittance within the range of 65-70%, which can be dynamically adjusted within the range of 50-100%. Specifically, the shading rate is increased at midday on sunny days (preferably 10:00-16:00) to control the light intensity below 60,000 LUX, for example, 50,000-60,000 LUX; and less shading (or no shading) is applied in the morning and evening to promote photosynthesis. The 65-70% shading rate mentioned above was the optimal shading rate obtained from the experiment. Based on this, setting a variable shading rate can further mitigate the limitations of fixed shading. With a fixed shading rate, even when the ambient light reaches above 120,000 LUX at midday, there is still a light intensity of 78,000-84,000 LUX under the shading net. At this point, the light intensity remains strong, causing increased tobacco leaf thickness and thicker veins. However, in the morning and evening, when the ambient light intensity is below 40,000 LUX, shading actually inhibits tobacco photosynthesis. Therefore, by adopting an adjustable shading method based on changes in ambient light intensity, the adverse effects on tobacco leaf thickness and veins can be reduced during periods of strong light, while ensuring sufficient light for tobacco leaves during periods of weak light, promoting photosynthesis and ensuring tobacco leaf growth.

[0012] Furthermore, the regulation of shading treatment methods includes: top shading during the early stage of vigorous growth in cigar tobacco plants (around 35 days after transplanting); full-coverage shading during the late stage of vigorous growth and early harvest (55-80 days after transplanting); alternating between one day of top shading and one day of no shading in the bare ground one week before harvest; and top shading only at midday in the late harvest (80 days after transplanting). Before the tobacco plants reach the mid-stage of vigorous growth, the leaves are narrow, so top shading and appropriate ventilation are used to facilitate temperature and humidity exchange in the field. After the tobacco plants reach the mid-stage of vigorous growth, the leaves are larger and overlap, so full-coverage shading can reduce wind speed in the field and prevent damage caused by leaf friction. Different leaf positions are harvested in stages. One week before harvest, because development proceeds from the morphological lower end to the top, the maturity of each leaf position is uneven. Supplementing light before harvest promotes leaf growth. To ensure uniform maturity of tobacco leaves at harvest, alternating-day shading prevents excessive transpiration, wilting, and leaf scorching caused by prolonged sunlight exposure. In the later stages of harvest, with the lower and middle leaves already harvested and the upper leaves having smaller areas and stem-leaf angles, minimizing friction, it's suitable to enhance sunlight exposure for the remaining upper leaves. Therefore, shading is only applied during the midday peak sunlight period to maximize sunlight exposure and promote growth. By implementing different shading methods at different growth stages based on the characteristics of tobacco leaves, this approach ensures sufficient sunlight exposure, improves leaf integrity, promotes photosynthesis in the upper leaves, and enhances agronomic traits and appearance quality.

[0013] In this invention, the regulation of tobacco plant morphology includes: removing the bottom 1-2 leaves of the tobacco plant on the 55th-65th day after transplanting, removing tobacco leaves and lateral buds smaller than 10 cm, removing flower buds and the corresponding stems, and retaining 16-20 leaves on the tobacco plant.

[0014] In this invention, the use of growth regulators includes spraying 18-22 mg / L of gibberellin onto the top 6 tobacco leaves of the plant 55-65 days after transplanting. Gibberellin promotes cell elongation and division in tobacco leaves and slows down the senescence of the top leaves. Spraying gibberellin onto the upper leaves during topping can solve appearance quality problems such as narrow leaf width and excessively thick leaves. Combined with the above-mentioned measures such as supplemental lighting, topdressing, and topping, it can promote the morphological growth and quality formation of the upper tobacco leaves, which is beneficial to increasing the yield of the upper tobacco leaf wrapper.

[0015] In this invention, the environmental parameters are controlled during the drying period as follows: during the withering period, the temperature is controlled at 26-28 ℃ and the relative humidity at 85-90%, for 3-5 days; during the yellowing period, the temperature is controlled at 25-28 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70-75%, for 5-7 days; during the browning period, the temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃ and the relative humidity at 65-70%, for 5-7 days; during the color-fixing period, the temperature is controlled at 28-30 ℃ and the relative humidity at 55-60%, for 6-8 days; during the rib-drying period, the temperature is controlled at 32-35 ℃ and the relative humidity at 50-55%, for 6-8 days; and during the re-moistening and hanging process, the temperature is controlled at 30-32 ℃ and the relative humidity at 70-75%, for 1-2 days. In addition, gas circulation control includes: ventilating for 6-8 hours daily in the early morning when humidity is high and temperature is low, and ventilating when temperature and humidity exceed upper and lower limits. Regular ventilation helps to even out the rate of water loss from tobacco leaves in different locations and avoids the accumulation of local impurities. The position of the tobacco stalks is adjusted every three days, with the inner and outer stalks and the upper and lower stalks being replaced to ensure full contact with air and even drying. These methods, by precisely controlling the temperature and humidity during the drying period, achieve the optimal tobacco leaf conditioning effect at different times.

[0016] In this invention, the control of fermentation parameters during the fermentation period includes: using stacked fermentation, with the preferred stack size being a flat square stack of 300cm×200cm×120cm or a high square stack of 200cm×200cm×150cm. In this case, the tobacco leaves are arranged in a "U" shape, which facilitates the exchange of inner and outer tobacco bundles during stack turning. The stack turning interval is every 7 days or when the core temperature exceeds the upper limit of 45℃. During stack turning, the inner and outer tobacco bundles should be alternated to improve the uniformity of fermentation. Regular stack turning helps improve the uniformity of fermentation, ensuring that each tobacco bundle has sufficient contact with air and that the fermentation time in the core is uniform. Fermentation environment control includes: controlling the core temperature to 43-45℃, the relative humidity not exceeding 70%, the tobacco leaf moisture content not exceeding 18%, and the fermentation time of the upper tobacco leaves to 44-46 days. The aforementioned fermentation environment prevents excessively high temperatures from killing microorganisms and scorching tobacco leaves, while also avoiding poor fermentation results due to low microbial reproduction at low temperatures. Furthermore, excessive humidity can easily lead to mold growth on tobacco leaves and excessively rapid fermentation, making the fermentation rate difficult to control. Gas control includes daily monitoring of NO2 and SO2 levels, and the removal of impurities from the stack to prevent their accumulation and impact on sensory quality. Pre-treatment of tobacco leaves involves unfolding the wrappers of the upper leaves one by one, bundling them according to pre-graded results, and stacking them flat for fermentation and pressing. This keeps the tobacco leaves in an unfolded state, preventing wrinkling and twisting during fermentation, thus ensuring the appearance quality of the wrappers. By controlling the stacking and turning of tobacco leaves during fermentation, and the fermentation time, this method prevents excessively high temperatures from scorching the leaves and prevents prolonged accumulation of impurities that could affect the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages: 1. This invention provides a complete set of production technologies for cigar upper tobacco leaf raw materials. By combining multiple factors, it can solve problems such as small size and poor appearance quality of upper leaves and low wrapper yield, and significantly improve the industrial usability of upper tobacco leaves.

[0018] 2. This invention adopts a fertilization scheme that increases potassium and magnesium, combined with the application of growth regulators such as gibberellin, to optimize the nutrient distribution of tobacco plants, especially to promote the morphological growth of the upper leaves, and to improve the combustibility, color and sensory quality of the processed tobacco leaves.

[0019] 3. This invention effectively controls light intensity by dynamically adjusting the shading rate and setting different shading methods in stages, reducing the adverse effects of strong light on tobacco leaf thickness and veins, ensuring photosynthesis of tobacco leaves under low light conditions, and promoting tobacco leaf growth; at the same time, the use of full-coverage shading during the vigorous growth period improves the integrity of tobacco leaves and the appearance quality of the wrapper.

[0020] 4. This invention precisely controls various technical parameters during the drying and fermentation periods, reducing mold growth and the accumulation of off-flavors in tobacco leaves, promoting pigment degradation and quality formation, ensuring the formation of color, oil content, and aroma in tobacco leaves, which is beneficial to improving the appearance and sensory quality of tobacco leaves and increasing the yield of wrapper tobacco leaves. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 These are comparative images of tobacco leaves from various embodiments and comparative examples. Detailed Implementation

[0023] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0024] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations according to this application. As used herein, the singular form includes the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this description, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1 The method for improving the yield and quality of the upper tobacco wrapper of cigars in this embodiment uses the Haiyan 101 cigar variety as the experimental material and includes the following steps: 1. Regulation of basic soil properties Cigar tobacco leaves are grown in lateritic soil. The pH value of the lateritic soil is controlled at 6.5-7.0, the organic matter content is 15-20 g / kg, the total nitrogen content is 1.6-1.8 g / kg, the water-soluble nitrogen content is 40-50 mg / kg, the total phosphorus content is 0.40-0.60 g / kg, the available phosphorus content is 30-40 mg / kg, the total potassium content is 50-55 g / kg, and the available potassium content is 150-200 mg / kg.

[0027] 2. Cultivation density control When planting, the row spacing should be controlled at 110 cm and the plant spacing at about 40 cm, with a planting density of 22,727 plants / hectare.

[0028] 3. Fertilizer regulation Base fertilizer application: 100 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, 30 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 25 kg / mu of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, 30 kg / mu of 15-5-25 compound fertilizer, and 20 kg / mu of magnesium sulfate; top dressing: 6 kg / mu of KNO3 on the 50th day after transplanting.

[0029] 4. Shading treatment Multiple layers of shading nets are used for shading. The shading rate is adjusted so that more shading is done at noon on sunny days to control the light intensity at 50,000-60,000 LUX. Shading is reduced in the morning and evening when the light intensity is below 40,000 LUX, so that the tobacco leaves can receive more sunlight.

[0030] During the early stage of vigorous growth of cigar tobacco plants (35 days after transplanting), top shading should be used; during the late stage of vigorous growth and early harvest (55-80 days after transplanting), full shading should be used; one week before harvest, supplemental light should be provided to the tobacco leaves by alternating between top shading and bare ground shading for 1 day each, and top shading only at midday during the late harvest (80 days after transplanting).

[0031] 5. Regulation of tobacco plant morphology On the 60th day after transplanting, remove the bottom 1-2 leaves of the tobacco plant, remove leaves smaller than 10 cm at this time, as well as the corresponding stems and flower buds, and remove the lateral buds of the tobacco plant, so that the tobacco plant has 16-20 leaves.

[0032] 6. Use growth regulators On the 60th day after transplanting, spray the upper leaves of the tobacco plants with 20 mg / L gibberellin.

[0033] 7. Environmental parameter control during the drying period The duration and environmental parameters of different stages of the drying process were controlled as follows: Withering period (4 days): temperature 28℃, relative humidity 90%; Yellowing period (6 days): temperature 28℃, relative humidity 75%; Browning period (6 days): temperature 28℃, relative humidity 90%; Color setting period (7 days): temperature 30℃, relative humidity 60%; Drying period (7 days): temperature 32℃, relative humidity 50%; Rehydration period (1 day before removal from the drying rack): temperature 30℃, relative humidity 75%. Ventilation was maintained for 6-8 hours daily in the early morning during periods of high humidity and low temperature to reduce the accumulation of impurities and control gas circulation. The inner and outer, and upper and lower positions of the drying racks were rotated every 3 days.

[0034] 8. Fermentation parameter control during the fermentation period Before fermentation, the upper leaves of the tobacco leaves are split open and stacked flat. The processed tobacco leaves are then piled into flat square stacks of 300cm×200cm×120cm. Every 7 days, or when the temperature at the center of the stack exceeds 45℃, the stacks are dismantled, and the inner and outer tobacco bundles are replaced. During this period, the temperature at the center of the fermentation stack is controlled at 45℃, the relative humidity is not higher than 70%, and the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is not higher than 18%. The optimal fermentation endpoint for the upper tobacco leaves is 45 days. The content of gases such as NO2 and SO2 is tested daily, and impurities in the stack are removed to prevent their accumulation from affecting the sensory quality.

[0035] Comparative Examples 1-3 Comparative Examples 1-3 were carried out according to the method of Example 1, except for the shading method, planting density, growth regulator spraying method and fertilization method during the cultivation period. After harvesting, the top 6 tobacco leaves of each treatment were harvested separately. The remaining field management, drying and fermentation production were carried out according to the method of Example 1. The settings of different treatments are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Field cultivation settings for different comparative examples and embodiments

[0037] After the cigar tobacco leaves have completed fermentation, 30 leaves of uniform size and shape are taken from the top of each treatment. Images of these leaves are then captured, and the results are shown below. Figure 1 ;Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that, compared with comparative examples 1-3, the tobacco leaves of Example 1 have increased length and width, and the diameter of the leaf veins has been significantly reduced compared with comparative examples 1-3. The overall flatness and color uniformity of the leaves are better.

[0038] In addition, industry experts were hired to evaluate the various appearance qualities of the tobacco leaves and calculate the total score. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0039] Table 2. Tobacco leaf appearance quality of different comparative examples and embodiments

[0040] As shown in Table 2, the total appearance score of each treatment showed a gradual upward trend. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the total appearance score of tobacco leaves in Example 1 was significantly improved. The method of the present invention has a significant effect on improving the appearance quality of tobacco leaves, mainly in terms of oil content, uniformity, flatness, green color and damage. The differences are all significant.

[0041] Based on different treatments, an artificial climate chamber (DHG-9140A) was used to equilibrate for 48 h at a temperature of 22 ℃ and a relative humidity of 60%. The length, width, thickness, weight, equilibrium moisture content, and tensile strength of the tobacco leaves were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0042] Table 3 Physical properties of tobacco leaves in different comparative examples and embodiments

[0043] As shown in Table 3, with the increase in cultivation measures, the leaf area, leaf length, and leaf width of each treatment all showed a gradual upward trend, and the specifications of the tobacco leaves were significantly improved. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the tobacco leaves of Example 1 showed better performance in all physical property indicators, and the physical properties of the tobacco leaves were significantly improved.

[0044] Based on different treatments, the contents of conventional chemical components such as total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium, and chlorine in the fermented tobacco leaves were determined. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar were determined according to YC / T 159-2019 "Determination of Water-Soluble Sugars in Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Continuous Flow Method"; the contents of nicotine were determined according to YC / T 160-2002 "Determination of Total Alkaloids in Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Continuous Flow Method"; the contents of total nitrogen were determined according to YC / T 161-2002 "Determination of Total Nitrogen in Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Continuous Flow Method"; the contents of chlorine were determined according to YC / T 162-2011 "Determination of Chlorine in Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Continuous Flow Method"; and the contents of potassium were determined according to YC / T 217-2007 "Determination of Potassium in Tobacco and Tobacco Products - Continuous Flow Method". The results are shown in Table 4.

[0045] Table 4. Chemical composition of tobacco leaves in different comparative examples and embodiments

[0046] As shown in Table 4, compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the tobacco leaves of Example 1 had the highest total sugar and reducing sugar content, lower nicotine and total nitrogen content, and the highest potassium content and potassium-chlorine ratio, indicating the best intrinsic quality of the tobacco leaves.

[0047] The yield of the top 6 tobacco leaves for different treatments was converted to the yield per hectare. According to the industry standard (YC / T588-2021), tobacco leaves of each grade were selected and the yield and output rate of tobacco leaves were calculated. The yield rate (%) of each treatment was calculated as follows: yield of each treatment / total yield of tobacco leaves in each treatment × 100%. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0048] Table 5. Tobacco leaf wrapping yield and output of different comparative examples and embodiments

[0049] Table 5 shows that the total yield of upper tobacco leaves in Comparative Examples 1-3 decreased with shading treatment and with decreasing planting density. Comparing Example 1, the total yield increased when growth regulators were sprayed and multiple shading methods were used, but the total yield of tobacco leaves in each treatment was not statistically significant. Comparing Comparative Examples 1-2, the yield and yield of peeled tobacco leaves both increased significantly under shading treatment. Comparing Comparative Examples 2-3, the yield and yield of peeled tobacco leaves both increased significantly with decreasing planting density and the application of topdressing. Comparing Comparative Example 3 and Example 1, the yield and yield of peeled tobacco leaves at all levels were significantly improved after using multiple shading methods and spraying growth regulators, reaching the highest level among all treatments.

[0050] In summary, the method of this invention can significantly improve the appearance quality indicators of upper cigar tobacco leaves, such as oil content, uniformity, flatness, green discoloration, and damage. It also addresses quality issues such as small size and excessive thickness of upper tobacco leaves, increases sugar content, potassium content, and potassium-chlorine ratio, and reduces total nitrogen and nicotine content, thus reducing the harshness and developing a distinctive aroma. The various shading cultivation methods, reasonable density settings, fertilization ratios, and growth regulator spraying techniques utilized in this invention all significantly improve the yield and output of the upper cigar wrapper. Under the combined effect of these technologies, the yields of grade 1, 2, and 3 wrapper leaves are significantly increased by 255.37%, 150.99%, and 161.90% respectively compared to the control group treated in bare soil. This significantly improves the yield of high-quality cigar wrappers and is of great significance in addressing the shortage of domestically produced cigar wrapper tobacco raw materials.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the yield and quality of the upper tobacco wrapper of cigars, characterized in that, This includes various methods such as regulating basic soil properties, planting density, fertilization methods, shading methods, tobacco plant morphology, using growth regulators, regulating environmental parameters during the drying period, and regulating fermentation parameters during the fermentation period.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulation of basic soil properties includes: using lateritic red soil to plant cigar tobacco leaves, controlling the pH value of the lateritic red soil to 6.5-7.0, the organic matter content to be 15-20 g / kg, the total nitrogen content to be 1.6-1.8 g / kg, the water-soluble nitrogen content to be 40-50 mg / kg, the total phosphorus content to be 0.40-0.60 g / kg, the available phosphorus content to be 30-40 mg / kg, the total potassium content to be 50-55 g / kg, and the available potassium content to be 150-200 mg / kg.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Controlling planting density includes: controlling the row spacing for transplanting to 100-110 cm, the plant spacing to 35-40 cm, and the planting density to 22,000-29,000 plants / hectare.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Adjustments to fertilization methods include: applying 90-110 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, 25-35 kg / mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 20-30 kg / mu of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, and 25-35 kg / mu of 15-5-25 compound fertilizer as base fertilizer; and applying 5-7 kg / mu of KNO3 as topdressing on the 45th-55th day after transplanting.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shading treatment method is controlled by: using multi-layer shading nets for shading and dynamically adjusting the shading rate to control the light intensity below 60,000 LUX.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulation of shading treatment also includes: top shading during the early stage of vigorous growth of cigar tobacco bushes, full shading during the late stage of vigorous growth and early harvest, alternating between top shading for 1 day and no shading for 1 day in the week before harvest, and top shading only at noon in the late stage of harvest.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regulation of tobacco plant morphology includes: removing the bottom 1-2 leaves of the tobacco plant 55-65 days after transplanting, removing tobacco leaves and lateral buds smaller than 10 cm, removing flower buds and the corresponding stems, and retaining 16-20 leaves per plant.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The use of growth regulators includes spraying the top 6 tobacco leaves with 18-22 mg / L gibberellin 55-65 days after transplanting.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Environmental parameters were controlled during the drying period, including: temperature of 26-28℃ and relative humidity of 85-90% during the wilting stage; temperature of 25-28℃ and relative humidity of 70-75% during the yellowing stage; temperature of 25-30℃ and relative humidity of 65-70% during the browning stage; temperature of 28-30℃ and relative humidity of 55-60% during the color-fixing stage; temperature of 32-35℃ and relative humidity of 50-55% during the drying stage; and temperature of 30-32℃ and relative humidity of 70-75% during the re-moistening and hanging stage.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Controlling fermentation parameters during the fermentation period includes: using stack fermentation, controlling the core temperature of the stack at 43-45 ℃, the relative humidity at no more than 70%, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves at no more than 18%, and the fermentation time of the upper tobacco leaves at 44-46 days.

Images