High-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of porous carbon materials for batteries. The spherical porous carbon meets the following requirements: (a) the sphericity degree is greater than 0.95; (5) the particle size D50 is 5-10 [mu] m; (3) the specific surface area is greater than 500m < 2 > / g; and (4) the compression strength is greater than 300 MPa. The compression strength of the spherical porous carbon is greater than 300MPa, the sphericity degree is high, when the spherical porous carbon is used for preparing an electrode material, rolling damage can be avoided, the electrode structure can be improved, and the cycle life of a battery is further prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of porous carbon materials for batteries. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the popularity of portable electronic devices and new energy vehicles, the theoretical capacity bottleneck (372 mAh / g) of traditional graphite negative electrode materials has been difficult to meet the market demand for high-energy-density batteries. Silicon material has become an ideal choice for the next generation of negative electrode materials due to its theoretical capacity of up to 4200 mAh / g (about 10 times that of graphite). However, silicon will expand by about 300% in volume during charging and discharging, which will cause the electrode structure to be pulverized and the SEI film to be repeatedly broken, seriously affecting the cycle life of the battery.

[0003] To solve this contradiction, researchers have proposed silicon-carbon composite technology. Through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, silicon nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in a three-dimensional network of porous carbon, and the high conductivity and flexibility of carbon materials are used to buffer the volume change of silicon. This structural design not only inhibits the agglomeration and fragmentation of silicon particles, but also provides a fast transmission channel for lithium ions, significantly improving the cycle stability and rate performance of the battery. For example, a silicon-carbon negative electrode prepared by the CVD method can achieve a specific capacity of 1800 mAh / g at a silicon content of 10%, which is about 20% higher than that of a graphite negative electrode.

[0004] However, traditional porous carbon materials have the problems of insufficient mechanical strength and low sphericity, and when gas-phase-deposited silicon is used as a battery negative electrode, it is prone to roll breakage during the rolling process, which damages the electrode structure and affects the battery performance. To break through this technical bottleneck, it is necessary to develop a high-strength porous carbon. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above problems, a high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon is provided, which has a pressure resistance greater than 300 MPa and high sphericity. When the spherical porous carbon is used to prepare an electrode material, roll breakage can be avoided, the electrode structure can be improved, and the cycle life of the battery can be improved.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the application, a high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon is provided, which satisfies the following requirements:

[0007] (a) the sphericity is greater than 0.95;

[0008] (5) the average particle size D50 is 5-10 μm;

[0009] (3) the specific surface area is greater than 500 m 2 / g;

[0010] (4) Pressure resistance greater than 300MPa.

[0011] The high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon prepared in this application exhibits high pressure resistance and high sphericity, enabling it to resist rolling pressure during electrode forming and maintain its structure without damage. This allows it to retain its original good morphology within the electrode, improving the electrode structure and extending the battery's performance. Furthermore, this high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon is achieved by increasing the crosslinking density. Generally, with the subsequent resin processing unchanged, increasing the crosslinking density increases the resin's density, resulting in a wider particle size distribution and a lower specific surface area. The high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon of this application combines high pressure resistance, high specific surface area, and narrow particle size distribution, thereby improving the consistency and pressure resistance of the silicon-carbon formed after porous carbon deposition on silicon, and ensuring high capacity.

[0012] Optionally, the spherical porous carbon has a D00 > 3 μm, a D100 < 20 μm, a pore volume greater than 0.6 ml / g, and an average pore size of 1-10 nm.

[0013] The spherical porous carbon particles of this application have a narrow particle size distribution, large pore volume, and an average particle size D50 of 5-10 μm, D00>3 μm, and D100<20 μm. As a carrier for silicon-carbon anodes, they can improve the uniformity of silicon-carbon anodes, thereby improving the cycle life and specific energy of the battery.

[0014] Optionally, the content of conductive elements or conductive agents in the spherical porous carbon is 1-10 wt%.

[0015] Preferably, the conductive element is selected from at least one of nitrogen (N), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S);

[0016] The conductive agent is selected from carbon nanotubes or graphene.

[0017] The spherical porous carbon of this application contains conductive elements, which can improve the conductivity of the spherical porous carbon, thereby improving the charge-discharge performance of the battery.

[0018] The aforementioned conductive elements added to the spherical porous carbon of this application can improve the electrical conductivity and conductive stability of the porous carbon, thereby improving the various performance characteristics of the battery.

[0019] According to a second aspect of this application, a method for preparing high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon as described in any of the preceding claims is provided, comprising the steps of:

[0020] (1) Melt phenol, add formaldehyde solution, the molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde is 1:(1.2-2), adjust pH to 8-12, heat and carry out prepolymerization, then add catalyst and 3-15 wt% cyanuric chloride of phenol to obtain oil phase;

[0021] The dispersant is dissolved in a certain amount of water to obtain an aqueous phase, and the content of the dispersant is 0.5-10 wt%.

[0022] (2) Add the oil phase dropwise into the aqueous phase, heat to 80-150℃ and react for at least 1 hour to obtain spherical resin after treatment;

[0023] (3) Carbonize and activate the spherical resin to obtain the product.

[0024] In the above preparation method, aldehydes and phenols are first prepolymerized to obtain shorter polymer chains. Then, under the action of a catalyst, the shorter polymer chains undergo a crosslinking reaction with cyanuric chloride, increasing the crosslinking degree of the spherical resin and thus improving the compressive strength of the spherical porous carbon. Furthermore, currently, in the preparation of spherical porous carbon using aldehydes and phenols as monomers, no emulsification process has been used. This application uses a mixture of oil and water phases to emulsify and synthesize spherical resins. This operation can significantly improve the sphericity of the resin. Higher sphericity disperses the force during rolling, thus preventing crushing and maintaining its original morphology in the electrode.

[0025] Preferably, the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 37 wt%.

[0026] Optionally, after adjusting the pH in step (1), a conductive substance is added, and then the temperature is raised for prepolymerization. The conductive substance is selected from conductive monomers or conductive agents. The weight of the conductive element in the conductive monomer is 1-5 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols and cyanuric chloride, and the weight of the conductive agent is 1-5 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols and cyanuric chloride.

[0027] Preferably, the conductive monomer is selected from at least one of phosphorus source monomer, nitrogen source monomer, boron source monomer, and sulfur source monomer; the conductive agent is selected from carbon nanotubes or graphene.

[0028] Preferably, the phosphorus source monomer includes at least one of phosphoric acid, trimethyl phosphate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate;

[0029] The nitrogen source monomer includes at least one of melamine, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea.

[0030] The boron source monomer includes at least one of boric acid, triphenylboron, trimethyl borate, and boron nitride;

[0031] The sulfur source monomer includes at least one of thiourea, thiophene, carbon disulfide, and elemental sulfur;

[0032] The carbon nanotubes include at least one of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

[0033] The conductive monomer of this application can impart conductive elements to spherical porous carbon, thereby improving the conductivity of spherical porous carbon. The conductive monomer is added during prepolymerization to improve the dispersion uniformity of conductive elements in spherical porous carbon, thereby improving the conductivity uniformity of spherical porous carbon. If it is added after prepolymerization, the conductive elements will not be dispersed uniformly due to the presence of short polymer chains, thereby reducing the conductivity uniformity.

[0034] Optionally, the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase is (1-5):1;

[0035] Preferably, the dispersant in the aqueous phase includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, Tween, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl sulfonate, gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyacrylic acid.

[0036] Preferably, the weight ratio of the aqueous solvent in the aqueous phase to the oil in the oil phase is 4:1.

[0037] The aforementioned ratio of aqueous solvent to oil can improve the uniformity of microdroplets during synthesis, thereby enhancing the sphericity and particle size uniformity of the spherical resin, ultimately resulting in spherical porous carbon with high sphericity and narrow particle size distribution. If the amount of oil solvent added is too small, the unevenness in the number of microdroplets increases, and the sphericity of the spherical porous carbon decreases.

[0038] Optionally, the reaction temperature of the prepolymerization in step (1) is 40-80℃ and the reaction time is 0.5-2h.

[0039] Optionally, after adding cyanuric chloride in step (1), the reaction is carried out at 40-80℃ for 0.5-2h to obtain the oil phase.

[0040] Optionally, the catalyst in step (1) is a Lewis acid.

[0041] Preferably, in step (1), a pH adjuster is used to adjust the pH, and the pH adjuster includes at least one of ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate.

[0042] Optionally, the time for adding the aqueous phase to the oil phase in step (2) is 5-60 min.

[0043] Optionally, step (2) involves heating the gas to 80-150°C under nitrogen pressure of 0.1-0.6 MPa.

[0044] Since this application uses a mixture of oil and water phases, pressure is required to maintain the state of water during the reaction. This pressure range ensures the uniformity of the microdroplet state at this reaction temperature.

[0045] Optionally, the process in step (2) includes separation, washing, and drying.

[0046] Optionally, the carbonization in step (3) is performed as a three-stage high-temperature carbonization under a nitrogen atmosphere:

[0047] First stage: Heat to 300-350℃ and treat for 0.5-1.5 hours;

[0048] Second stage: Heat to 450-550℃ and treat for 1-1.5 hours;

[0049] Three stages: Heat to 650-900℃ and treat for 1-3 hours.

[0050] The carbonization process in this application is divided into three stages with phased heating, which can eliminate the temperature at which the crosslinking degree increases, leading to a decrease in specific surface area and pore volume. This results in spherical porous carbon with high specific surface area and high pore volume. Through subsequent silane deposition and porous carbon coating, a silicon-carbon electrode material with high consistency is obtained.

[0051] Optionally, the activation in step (3) can be physical or chemical activation:

[0052] The physical activation is as follows: the carbonized spherical resin is heated to 800-950℃, and carbon dioxide or water vapor is introduced under nitrogen carrier for 1-5 hours. The mass of carbon dioxide or water vapor introduced is 1-4 times the mass of the carbonized resin, and the aeration time is controlled at 1-15 hours.

[0053] The chemical activation is as follows: the carbonized spherical resin and the alkaline substance are uniformly mixed and activated at 500-700℃ for 1-5 hours. The weight ratio of the spherical resin to the alkaline substance is 1:(1-5), and the alkaline substance is solid potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate.

[0054] According to a third aspect of this application, the application of the high-pressure spherical porous carbon described in any of the preceding claims or the high-pressure spherical porous carbon prepared by any of the preceding claims in silicon-carbon anodes is provided.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this application include, but are not limited to:

[0056] 1. The high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon of this application has the advantages of high pressure resistance and high sphericity, which can avoid damage in the rolling process, improve the structure of the negative electrode material prepared by it, and thus improve the cycle life of the battery.

[0057] 2. The high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon of this application maintains a high specific surface area and narrow particle size distribution while improving the crosslinking degree of the spherical resin, thereby improving the consistency, pressure resistance and high cycle life of silicon-carbon after vapor deposition.

[0058] 3. The high-pressure spherical porous carbon according to this application contains a certain amount of conductive elements, which can improve the conductivity of the electrode material prepared by it, thereby improving the charging and discharging speed, cycle life, energy density and power density of the battery.

[0059] 4. According to the preparation method of high pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon of this application, cyanuric chloride is used to participate in the reaction of phenol and aldehydes, which can improve the crosslinking degree of phenolic resin, thereby improving the pressure resistance of spherical porous carbon; the addition of conductive monomers can uniformly introduce conductive elements into porous carbon to improve the conductivity of the electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0061] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this application were all purchased commercially.

[0062] Unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this application are conventional methods in the prior art.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon, including the following steps:

[0065] (1) A formaldehyde solution (concentration of 37wt%) with a molar ratio of 1.5:1 and phenol were dissolved in water. The pH was adjusted to 8 with ammonia. After heating to 80℃, prepolymerization was carried out for 1h. Then, 2wt% of aluminum trichloride catalyst and 10wt% of cyanuric chloride catalyst were added to the phenol and the reaction was continued at 80℃ for 1h to obtain the oil phase.

[0066] The surfactant polyvinyl alcohol was added to water to obtain an aqueous phase. The amount of polyvinyl alcohol added was 2 wt% of the aqueous phase solvent, and the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase was 3:1.

[0067] (2) The oil phase was added dropwise to the aqueous phase within 30 min, and the mixture was heated to 120°C under nitrogen pressure of 0.5 MPa and stirred for 2 h. After centrifugation, washing with ethanol and drying, spherical resin was obtained.

[0068] (3) Carbonize and activate the spherical resin to obtain the product. Carbonization is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere in three stages of high temperature: stage 1: heat up to 300℃ for 1 hour; stage 2: heat up to 500℃ for 1 hour; stage 3: heat up to 850℃ for 2 hours; activation is carried out by uniformly mixing the carbonized spherical resin and potassium hydroxide, and activating at 700℃ for 1 hour. The weight ratio of spherical resin to potassium hydroxide is 1:5.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon, including the following steps:

[0071] (1) A formaldehyde solution (concentration of 37wt%) with a molar ratio of 1.2:1 and phenol were dissolved in water. The pH was adjusted to 9 with sodium hydroxide. Thiourea was added at a total weight of 5wt% of formaldehyde, phenol and cyanuric chloride. The mixture was then heated to 70℃ and prepolymerized for 2h. Magnesium chloride catalyst at a molar ratio of 0.5wt% of phenol and cyanuric chloride at a molar ratio of 15wt% of phenol were added. The mixture was then reacted at 70℃ for 2h to obtain an aqueous phase.

[0072] The aqueous phase was obtained by adding the surfactant Tween 80 to the aqueous phase. The amount of surfactant added was 0.5 wt% of the oil phase solvent, and the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase was 1:1.

[0073] (2) The oil phase was added dropwise to the aqueous phase within 60 min, and the mixture was heated to 150 °C under nitrogen pressure of 0.6 MPa and stirred for 1 h. After centrifugation, washing with ethanol and drying, spherical resin was obtained.

[0074] (3) The spherical resin is carbonized and activated to obtain the final product. Carbonization is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere using a three-stage high-temperature process: Stage 1: heating to 300℃ for 1.5 hours; Stage 2: heating to 450℃ for 1.5 hours; Stage 3: heating to 650℃ for 3 hours. Activation is performed by uniformly mixing the carbonized spherical resin with potassium carbonate and activating at 700℃ for 5 hours. The weight ratio of the spherical resin to potassium carbonate is 1:1. After preparation using the above method, the sulfur content in the spherical porous carbon is 1.0 wt%.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon, including the following steps:

[0077] (1) A formaldehyde solution (concentration of 37wt%) with a molar ratio of 2:1 and phenol were dissolved in water. The pH was adjusted to 8 with ammonia. Boric acid was added at a total weight of 5wt% of formaldehyde, phenol and cyanuric chloride. The mixture was then heated to 60℃ for prepolymerization for 0.5h. Aluminum trichloride catalyst at a molar ratio of 0.01wt% of phenol and cyanuric chloride at a molar ratio of 3wt% of phenol were added. The mixture was then reacted at 60℃ for another 0.5h to obtain the oil phase.

[0078] Carboxymethyl cellulose was added to water to obtain an aqueous phase. The amount of carboxymethyl cellulose added was 10 wt% of the aqueous phase solvent, and the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase was 5:1.

[0079] (2) The oil phase was added dropwise to the oil phase within 5 min, and the mixture was heated to 150°C under nitrogen pressure of 0.4 MPa and stirred for 4 h. After centrifugation, washing with ethanol and drying, spherical resin was obtained.

[0080] (3) The spherical resin is carbonized and activated to obtain the final product. Carbonization is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere using a three-stage high-temperature process: Stage 1: heating to 350℃ for 0.5 hours; Stage 2: heating to 550℃ for 1 hour; Stage 3: heating to 900℃ for 1 hour. Activation involves heating the carbonized spherical resin to 800℃ and introducing carbon dioxide or water vapor under a nitrogen carrier for 5 hours. The mass of carbon dioxide or water vapor introduced is three times the mass of the carbonized resin, and the time is 6 hours. After preparation using the above method, the boron content in the spherical porous carbon is 10 wt%.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that, after adjusting the pH in step (1), melamine and phosphoric acid are added, and then the temperature is raised to 80°C for prepolymerization for 1 hour. The weight of nitrogen in the melamine is 1.5 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols, and cyanuric chloride, and the weight of phosphorus in the phosphoric acid is 1.5 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols, and cyanuric chloride. After preparation by the above method, the nitrogen content and phosphorus content in the spherical porous carbon are 3.0 wt%.

[0083] Example 5

[0084] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 4 is that the weight of nitrogen in melamine is 3 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols, and cyanuric chloride, and the weight of phosphorus in phosphoric acid is 3 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols, and cyanuric chloride. After preparation by the above method, the nitrogen content and phosphorus content in the spherical porous carbon are 6.0 wt%.

[0085] Example 6

[0086] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that phosphoric acid is added after adjusting the pH in step (1), and then the temperature is raised to 80°C for prepolymerization for 1 hour. The weight of phosphorus in the phosphoric acid is 3wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols and cyanuric chloride. After preparation by the above method, the phosphorus content in the spherical porous carbon is 6.0wt%.

[0087] Example 7

[0088] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that melamine is added after adjusting the pH in step (1), and then the temperature is raised to 80°C for prepolymerization for 1 hour. The weight of nitrogen in melamine is 3wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols and cyanuric chloride. After preparation by the above method, the nitrogen content in the spherical porous carbon is 6.0wt%.

[0089] Example 8

[0090] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase is 7:1.

[0091] Example 9

[0092] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of cyanuric chloride added is 15 wt% of the weight of phenol.

[0093] Example 10

[0094] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the carbonization is carried out in a two-stage high-temperature carbonization under a nitrogen atmosphere: Stage 1: heating to 500°C for 2 hours; Stage 2: heating to 850°C for 2 hours.

[0095] Example 11

[0096] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the activation temperature is 800℃.

[0097] Example 12

[0098] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the weight ratio of spherical resin to potassium hydroxide is 1:6.

[0099] Example 13

[0100] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that single-walled carbon nanotubes are added after adjusting the pH in step (1), and then the temperature is raised to 80°C for prepolymerization for 1 hour. The weight of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 3.0 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols and cyanuric chloride. After preparation by the above method, the content of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the spherical porous carbon is 6.0 wt%.

[0101] Example 14

[0102] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that graphene is added after adjusting the pH in step (1), and then the temperature is raised to 80°C for prepolymerization for 1 hour. The weight of graphene is 3.0 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols and cyanuric chloride. After preparation by the above method, the content of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the spherical porous carbon is 6.0 wt%.

[0103] Comparative Example 1

[0104] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that cyanuric chloride is not added after prepolymerization in step (1).

[0105] Comparative Example 2

[0106] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of cyanuric chloride added in step (1) is 20 wt% of the weight of phenol.

[0107] Comparative Example 3

[0108] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the prepolymerization temperature in step (1) is 30°C.

[0109] Comparative Example 4

[0110] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no catalyst is used in step (1).

[0111] Test Example 1

[0112] The spherical porous carbon prepared above was tested for sphericity, compressive strength, particle size, specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size. The test results are shown in Table 1. The specific test methods are as follows:

[0113] Sphericity: Dynamic image analysis method;

[0114] Compressive strength: Single-particle compressive strength test;

[0115] Particle size and particle size distribution: Malvern laser particle size analyzer; particle size distribution T = (D100 - D00) / D50;

[0116] Specific surface area, pore size, pore volume: BET specific surface area tester.

[0117] Table 1

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] Test Example 2

[0121] The conductivity of the spherical porous carbon prepared above was tested. The test method was as follows: 10 grams of dried porous carbon powder was placed in a mold with a diameter of 10 mm and held under a pressure of 10 MPa for 30 seconds to form a thin sheet with a thickness of 2 mm. The sheet was then tested using a four-probe conductivity meter at a pressure of 10 MPa. -4 The voltage value was measured under current A, and then the thickness was measured with a micrometer. The result was calculated using the following formula:

[0122] σ=(π*d*I) / (4*V)

[0123] Where σ is the volumetric conductivity of porous carbon, in S / m; d is the thickness of the wafer, in m; I is the test current, in A; and V is the recording voltage, in V. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0124] Table 2

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application, and the scope of protection of this application is not limited to these specific embodiments, but is determined by the claims of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the technical concept and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon, characterized in that, The spherical porous carbon meets the following requirements: (1) Sphericity greater than 0.95; (2) Particle size D50 is 5-10μm; (3) Specific surface area greater than 500 m² 2 / g; (4) Pressure resistance greater than 300MPa.

2. The high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spherical porous carbon has a D00 > 3 μm, a D100 < 20 μm, a pore volume greater than 0.6 ml / g, and an average pore size of 1-10 nm.

3. The high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The content of conductive elements or conductive agents in the spherical porous carbon is 1-10 wt%. Preferably, the conductive element is selected from at least one of nitrogen, boron, phosphorus, and sulfur. The conductive agent is selected from carbon nanotubes or graphene.

4. The high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conductive element is selected from nitrogen and / or phosphorus; The conductive agent is selected from carbon nanotubes.

5. The method for preparing high-pressure-resistant spherical porous carbon according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Including the following steps: (1) Melt phenol, add formaldehyde solution, the molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde is 1:(1.2-2), adjust pH to 8-12, heat and carry out prepolymerization, then add catalyst and 3-15 wt% cyanuric chloride of phenol to obtain oil phase; The dispersant is dissolved in a certain amount of water to obtain an aqueous phase, and the content of the dispersant is 0.5-10 wt%. (2) Add the oil phase dropwise into the aqueous phase, heat to 80-150℃ and react for at least 1 hour to obtain spherical resin after treatment; (3) Carbonize and activate the spherical resin to obtain the product.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, After adjusting the pH in step (1), a conductive substance is added, and then the temperature is raised for prepolymerization. The conductive substance is selected from conductive monomers or conductive agents. The weight of the conductive element in the conductive monomer is 1-5 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols and cyanuric chloride. The weight of the conductive agent is 1-5 wt% of the total weight of aldehydes, phenols and cyanuric chloride. Preferably, the conductive monomer is selected from at least one of phosphorus source monomer, nitrogen source monomer, boron source monomer, sulfur source monomer, carbon nanotube or graphene; More preferably, the phosphorus source monomer includes at least one of phosphoric acid, trimethyl phosphate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate; The nitrogen source monomer includes at least one of melamine, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and urea. The boron source monomer includes at least one of boric acid, triphenylboron, trimethyl borate, and boron nitride; The sulfur source monomer includes at least one of thiourea, thiophene, carbon disulfide, and elemental sulfur; The carbon nanotube monomer includes at least one of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase is (1-5):1; Preferably, the dispersant includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, Tween, povidone, Span, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium hexadecyl sulfonate, gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, and polyacrylic acid.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (1), the prepolymerization reaction temperature is 40-80℃ and the reaction time is 0.5-2h; After adding cyanuric chloride and catalyst in step (1), react at 40-80℃ for 0.5-2h to obtain the oil phase.

9. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (2), the time for the aqueous phase to be added to the oil phase is 5-60 min.

10. The application of the high-pressure spherical porous carbon according to any one of claims 1-4 or the high-pressure spherical porous carbon prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5-9 in anode materials.

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