High-light high-transmittance cover glaze, ceramic tile and preparation method of high-light high-transmittance cover glaze

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramics, in particular to a high-gloss high-transmittance cover glaze, a ceramic tile and a preparation method of the high-gloss high-transmittance cover glaze. Wherein the highlight and high-transmittance cover glaze is prepared from the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass: 80 to 90 parts of transparent frit, 3 to 7 parts of fumed silica, 3 to 10 parts of Qidao clay, 2 to 5 parts of strontium carbonate and 0.45 to 0.75 part of an auxiliary agent. According to the highlight and high-transmittance cover glaze, the suspension property and the high-temperature leveling property of the glaze slip are improved by using the transparent frit and combining with the fumed silica, so that the cover glaze can be perfectly spread on a brick surface in the firing process to form an extremely flat and smooth glass body surface, and the brick surface does not need to be polished; the ceramic tile surface can achieve the highlight effect of a bright product only by adding the glaze, and the glaze has the advantages of high hardness, good wear resistance and strong anti-pollution capacity, so that the ceramic tile product formed by a concave-convex mold is applied in a bright decoration scene, and the problem that the existing polished ceramic tile product is easy to absorb dirt is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ceramics, in particular to a high-gloss high-transparency face glaze, a ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the building ceramic wall and floor tiles mainly are glaze tiles, which are mainly divided into two categories: bright and semi-gloss. The semi-gloss ceramic tile products have simple and elegant decorative effect, while the bright ceramic tile products are also favored by consumers due to their high gloss and good decorative effect. At present, the bright ceramic tile products are mainly applied with a polishing glaze, and the surface of the ceramic tile is formed with high gloss after polishing. However, this method needs to be realized on a flat tile body, and for the ceramic tile products formed by a concave-convex mold, the surface is uneven, and it is difficult to obtain a bright effect through polishing, which limits the application of such ceramic tiles in bright decorative scenes. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a high-gloss high-transparency face glaze, a ceramic tile and a preparation method thereof, which aims to solve the technical problems that the application of the ceramic tile products formed by a concave-convex mold in bright decorative scenes is limited in the prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: The present application provides a high-gloss high-transparency face glaze in the first aspect, and the preparation raw materials thereof include, in terms of mass fraction: transparent frit 80-90 parts, fumed silica 3-7 parts, air-knife clay 3-10 parts, strontium carbonate 2-5 parts, and additives 0.45-0.75 parts.

[0005] The high-gloss high-transparency face glaze, wherein the chemical composition of the transparent frit, in terms of mass percentage, includes: Al2O3: 13.24-15.27%, SiO2: 53.18-55.64%, K2O: 1.28-2.14%, Na2O: 3.48-5.87%, B2O3: 8.11-15.31%, BaO: 3.64-5.82%, SrO: 3.36-5.29%, ZnO: 2.96-5.64%, and the rest is a trace amount.

[0006] The high-gloss high-transparency face glaze, wherein the particle size of the fumed silica is 10-80 nm, and the specific surface area is 200±50 m² / g.

[0007] The high-gloss high-transparency face glaze, wherein the additives are at least one of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and sodium polyacrylate.

[0008] The second aspect of the present application provides a ceramic tile, comprising a tile body layer, a bottom glaze layer and a surface glaze layer arranged from bottom to top; the surface glaze layer is made of the high-light and high-transparency surface glaze described above.

[0009] The ceramic tile, wherein a pattern layer is arranged between the bottom glaze layer and the surface glaze layer.

[0010] The ceramic tile, wherein the bottom glaze layer is made of a bottom glaze, and the preparation raw materials of the bottom glaze include, in terms of mass fraction, 20-30 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-25 parts of sodium feldspar, 6-12 parts of calcined kaolin, 6-12 parts of ball clay, 8-12 parts of zirconium silicate, 5-13 parts of barium carbonate, 5-10 parts of quartz, 4-8 parts of diopside, and 3-8 parts of calcined zinc oxide.

[0011] The third aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of a ceramic tile, for preparing the ceramic tile described above, comprising the following steps: applying the bottom glaze on the tile body to form the bottom glaze layer after firing; printing a pattern on the bottom glaze to form the pattern layer after firing; applying the high-light and high-transparency surface glaze to form the surface glaze layer after firing; firing the ceramic tile and slowly cooling the ceramic tile after the firing is completed.

[0012] The preparation method of the ceramic tile, wherein the temperature range for slowly cooling the ceramic tile is 700-500 DEG C, and the time for cooling in the range is 5-8 min.

[0013] Beneficial effects: the present application provides a high-light and high-transparency surface glaze, the high-light and high-transparency surface glaze improves the suspension and high-temperature leveling of the glaze slurry by using transparent frit and combining with fumed silica, so that the surface glaze can perfectly spread on the tile surface during the firing process, forming an extremely smooth glass surface, so that the tile surface can reach the high-light effect of the bright product without polishing the tile surface, and the tile product formed by the concave-convex mold can be applied in the bright decoration scene. In addition, the use of fumed silica improves the density of the surface glaze, and because the tile surface does not need to be polished, the glaze surface has the advantages of high hardness, good wear resistance and strong anti-pollution ability, solving the problem that the existing polished tile product is easy to absorb dirt.

[0014] The present application also provides a bottom glaze matched with the high-light and high-transparency surface glaze, the bottom glaze produces a high-white bottom color by zirconium silicate and calcined zinc oxide, so that the whole glaze surface of the tile presents a pure high-light effect, and the pattern texture on the tile surface is clearer. By adding diopside in the bottom glaze, the melting temperature of the bottom glaze is reduced, laying a foundation for the surface glaze to form an extremely smooth glass surface after firing.

[0015] The application further provides a ceramic tile, which comprises a flat ceramic tile and a special-shaped ceramic tile formed by a concave-convex mold, and the gloss of the glaze surface of the ceramic tile can be stabilized to be above 90 degrees, the visual effect of the ceramic tile is comparable to that of a polished mirror surface, the hardness of the glaze surface is high, the wear resistance is good, and the stain resistance is strong.

[0016] The application further provides a preparation method of the ceramic tile, which can be combined with the concave-convex mold, the types of the ceramic tile products are enriched, the polishing process is saved, the glaze surface of the ceramic tile is complete and dense, there is no open pore, the equipment investment, energy consumption and labor cost are saved, and green and low-carbon manufacturing is realized. The preparation method provided by the application can control the precipitation amount of the microcrystals in the glaze layer by controlling the cooling rate of the ceramic tile, so that the glaze surface of the ceramic tile obtained from the kiln has the effects of high transparency and high brightness. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A glaze surface diagram of the ceramic tile provided for Example 1.

[0018] Figure 2 A glaze surface diagram of the ceramic tile provided for Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The application provides a high-light high-transparency surface glaze, and raw materials for preparing the high-light high-transparency surface glaze include, in terms of mass fractions, 80-90 parts of transparent frit, 3-7 parts of fumed silica, 3-10 parts of air-knife clay, 2-5 parts of strontium carbonate and 0.45-0.75 parts of an additive.

[0020] In the components of the high-light high-transparency surface glaze, the transparent frit plays a role of low-temperature fluxing, so that the surface glaze can spread perfectly during the firing process, forming an extremely smooth glass surface, thereby giving the ceramic tile a high gloss, and making the visual effect of the ceramic tile comparable to that of a polished mirror surface. The fumed silica can improve the suspension stability of the glaze slurry, avoiding the raw materials from settling, thereby ensuring uniform glazing, and the fumed silica can also improve the flow leveling property of the glaze, promoting the perfect spreading of the molten surface glaze, thereby reducing defects such as pinholes and ripples in the glaze surface, and further improving the flatness and transparency of the surface glaze. In addition to the effect of improving the flow leveling property of the glaze, the fumed silica can also be used as a filler to fill the micropores and defects in the glaze melting process, refine the glaze layer grains and improve the density of the glaze surface, so that the ceramic tile surface forms a smooth and delicate texture. Moreover, the wear resistance, chemical stability (such as acid and alkali resistance) and stain resistance of the ceramic tile surface glaze can also be improved due to the improved density of the glaze surface.

[0021] The air knife clay has good suspensibility and cohesiveness, and can adjust the rheological properties of the glaze slurry, so that the surface glaze slurry can be uniformly attached to the surface of the bottom glaze layer during the glazing process, and problems such as running, shrinkage and the like are not prone to occur; meanwhile, the air knife clay can enhance the bonding force between the surface glaze layer and the bottom glaze layer during the drying and firing stages, avoid delamination and peeling of the surface glaze and the bottom glaze, and ensure the stability of the glaze surface structure. Strontium carbonate is a low-temperature fluxing agent, which forms a eutectic with silicon and aluminum in the surface glaze, reduces the viscosity of the glaze, and thus promotes the flow and uniform spreading of the glaze surface.

[0022] The auxiliary agent can improve the dispersibility of the glaze slurry. By dispersing the solid particles in the surface glaze slurry, the viscosity of the glaze slurry can be reduced, the flow rate during glazing can be ensured to be uniform, the glazing amount can be controlled, and defects such as pinholes and the like caused by particle agglomeration on the glaze surface can be avoided. Moreover, the auxiliary agent can prevent the drying cracks caused by rapid water loss of the glaze slurry after glazing, improve the bonding force between the surface glaze layer and the bottom glaze layer, and ensure that the surface glaze layer is not prone to peeling after glazing. In addition, by introducing the rheological auxiliary agent into the surface glaze system, the glaze slurry can have excellent flow leveling and high-temperature fluidity during the glazing stage, and the surface glaze can form an extremely smooth and flat glass surface during the firing process.

[0023] In summary, by introducing the transparent frit into the high-gloss and high-transparency surface glaze system and combining with the fumed silica to improve the suspensibility and high-temperature flow leveling of the glaze slurry, the surface glaze can be perfectly spread on the brick surface during the firing process, and an extremely smooth and flat glass surface can be formed, and the gloss stability can reach more than 90 degrees (GU), so that the brick surface can achieve the high-gloss effect of the bright product without polishing the brick surface. In addition, the fumed silica can improve the density of the glaze surface, and since the brick surface does not need to be polished, the glaze surface structure is complete and dense, and there is no open pore, so that the glaze surface has the advantages of high hardness (Mohs hardness ≥ 5), good wear resistance and strong anti-pollution ability, and solves the problem that the existing polished ceramic tile products are prone to dirt absorption.

[0024] Preferably, the transparent frit has the following chemical composition in terms of mass percentage: Al2O3: 13.24-15.27%, SiO2: 53.18-55.64%, K2O: 1.28-2.14%, Na2O: 3.48-5.87%, B2O3: 8.11-15.31%, BaO: 3.64-5.82%, SrO: 3.36-5.29%, ZnO: 2.96-5.64%, and the balance is a trace amount.

[0025] Specifically, the transparent frit is a high-refractive transparent frit with a softening point temperature lower than 1050℃, which can play a role of low-temperature fluxing. During the high-temperature firing stage of the ceramic tile, the transparent frit can increase the fusibility of the surface glaze layer, promote the glaze flow and uniform spreading, and improve the density of the glaze, so as to ensure that the glaze forms an extremely smooth glass surface during the firing process.

[0026] Specifically, in the chemical composition of the frit, B2O3 and BaO and SrO form a eutectic system in cooperation, and meanwhile, B2O3 can adjust the viscosity of the frit after melting, so that the viscosity of the frit after melting is moderate, which can promote the bubble discharge and improve the density of the glass body, thereby reducing the scattering of light, making more light reflected by the glaze, and making the glaze have a high light effect. BaO and SrO are both strong fluxing oxides, which can destroy the integrity of Si-O bond in the silicate network structure, reduce the viscosity and activation energy of the frit during melting, so that the frit can be fully melted and uniformly sintered at the firing temperature of the ceramic tile. Moreover, the ionic polarizability of BaO and SrO is moderate, which can inhibit the crystallization tendency of the frit during cooling, avoid the light diffuse reflection caused by the microcrystal precipitation, and ensure that the frit maintains high transparency.

[0027] Preferably, the fumed silica is nano fumed silica with a particle size of 10-80 nm and a specific surface area of 200±50 m² / g. When the particle size of the fumed silica is within the above range, the surface area of the fumed silica is moderate, and the fumed silica particles will not significantly agglomerate, so that the nano filling effect of the fumed silica will not be weakened due to particle agglomeration or large particle size, thereby ensuring that the fumed silica can normally play a role of filling the micropores and defects in the glaze melting process, and improving the wear resistance, chemical stability and stain resistance of the ceramic tile glaze.

[0028] Preferably, the auxiliary agent is at least one of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. Among the auxiliary agents, sodium tripolyphosphate is used to improve the dispersibility of the glaze slurry; sodium methyl cellulose is used to adjust the viscosity and water retention of the glaze slurry; hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate are rheological auxiliary agents, which can control the rheological behavior of the glaze. During the glazing stage, the glaze slurry has good fluidity and can be uniformly spread on the tile surface; and during the early stage of glaze drying and ceramic tile firing, the rheological auxiliary agent can keep the glaze layer stable in shape, avoid the accumulation or loss of glaze due to the concave-convex structure of the tile body, so that the surface of the profiled ceramic tile product can form a smooth glaze surface like the surface of the flat product.

[0029] The second aspect of the present application provides a ceramic tile, which comprises a tile body layer, a bottom glaze layer and a surface glaze layer arranged from bottom to top; the surface glaze layer is prepared by using the high-light high-transparency surface glaze described above.

[0030] Preferably, a pattern layer is arranged between the base glaze layer and the surface glaze layer.

[0031] Preferably, the base glaze layer is made of a base glaze, and the base glaze is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-25 parts of sodium feldspar, 6-12 parts of calcined kaolin, 6-12 parts of ball clay, 8-12 parts of zirconium silicate, 5-13 parts of barium carbonate, 5-10 parts of quartz, 4-8 parts of diopside, and 3-8 parts of calcined zinc oxide.

[0032] In the raw materials for preparing the base glaze, the quartz is high-white quartz, which serves as a glass network former to provide a SiO2 skeleton and increase the hardness of the glaze layer. Moreover, the quartz can adjust the thermal expansion coefficient of the base glaze layer, better match the brick body layer and the surface glaze layer, and promote the bonding of the body and the glaze. The potassium feldspar mainly serves as a flux to significantly reduce the melting temperature of the glaze, promote the formation of the glass phase, and accelerate the maturation of the glaze. The sodium feldspar also has a fluxing effect to reduce the melting temperature and improve the fluidity of the glaze layer. The sodium feldspar and the potassium feldspar cooperatively control the thermal expansion coefficient of the base glaze layer to enhance the bonding of the base glaze layer and the body. The ball clay has suspension and plasticity to make the glaze slurry have rheological properties and ensure uniform glazing. In addition, the organic matter of the ball clay decomposes at high temperature to form aluminum silicates in the high-temperature zone, thereby enhancing the bonding force of the glaze layer and the body. The calcined kaolin generates mullite crystal phase at high temperature to improve the chemical stability of the glaze layer, and the kaolin can enhance the hiding power of the base glaze to cover the body color and make the product have a more pure color.

[0033] The addition of zirconium silicate to the base glaze can improve the whiteness of the base glaze to produce a high-white base color, which can not only shield the color of impurities in the brick body to ensure that the glaze surface as a whole has a pure high-light effect, but also provide a high-white background for the surface glaze to make the patterns and textures printed on the surface glaze clearer and more colorful. Barium carbonate decomposes into barium oxide at high temperature, which cooperates with the calcined zinc oxide to have strong fluxing ability at high temperature and assist the potassium and sodium feldspar to reduce the melting temperature of the base glaze. The calcined zinc oxide can further improve the whiteness of the base glaze cooperatively with the zirconium silicate. Diopside has strong fluxing ability to reduce the melting temperature of the base glaze to ensure that the base glaze and the surface glaze enter the molten state synchronously during the firing process. When the surface glaze melts, the base glaze has formed a stable and flat base, so that the surface glaze can spread and level on the base, ensuring that the surface glaze can form an extremely flat and smooth glass body surface after firing.

[0034] Moreover, the strong fluxing ability of diopside can improve the density of the base glaze to block the penetration of the glass phase of the surface glaze, ensure the uniform thickness of the surface glaze, and form a double-layer dense structure of the base glaze and the surface glaze, so that the acid and alkali resistance, wear resistance, and stain resistance of the ceramic tile glaze surface are improved.

[0035] In summary, the bottom glaze provided by the application has strong combination ability with the brick body after firing, and the high white bottom color is generated by zirconium silicate and calcined zinc oxide, so that the overall ceramic tile glaze presents a pure high light effect, and the pattern texture on the surface of the ceramic tile is clearer. In addition, by adding diopside in the bottom glaze, the melting temperature of the bottom glaze can be reduced, so that the bottom glaze and the face glaze enter the melting state synchronously during the firing process, and the face glaze can form an extremely smooth glass surface after firing, and the acid and alkali resistance, wear resistance and stain resistance of the ceramic tile glaze are improved.

[0036] The third aspect of the application provides a preparation method of a ceramic tile for preparing the ceramic tile as described above, comprising the following steps: S1, drying the brick body: the press-formed brick body is sent into a drying device for drying and draining water, and the water content of the dried brick body is less than 0.5%; S2, bottom glaze application: the prepared bottom glaze slurry is applied on the surface of the body by glazing or glaze application, and the application amount is 300-400 g / m 2 After the bottom glaze is applied, drying is performed. S3, the brick body with the applied bottom glaze is sent into an inkjet machine to print a pattern. S4, the prepared high-light high-transparency face glaze slurry is applied on the brick body after the pattern is printed by glazing, and the application amount is 200-250 g / m 2 After the high-light high-transparency face glaze is applied, drying is performed. S5, the brick body with the applied high-light high-transparency face glaze is sent into a roller kiln for firing, the firing temperature is 1180-1200 DEG C, and the firing time is 60 min. S6, after the firing, the ceramic tile is slowly cooled, the temperature interval of the slow cooling is 700-500 DEG C, and the ceramic tile is taken out of the kiln after the cooling is completed, and the cooling time in the interval is 5-8 min.

[0037] In the preparation method provided by the application, the cooling rate of the ceramic tile is controlled to control the precipitation amount of the microcrystals in the glaze layer, so that the ceramic tile glaze obtained after the kiln has a high-transparency high-light effect.

[0038] The following examples further illustrate the application. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are intended to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.

[0039] Example 1 The present embodiment provides a ceramic tile, and the preparation method thereof is as follows: S1, drying the brick body: the press-formed brick body is sent into a drying device for drying and draining water, and the water content of the dried brick body is less than 0.5%; S2, bottom glaze application: the prepared bottom glaze slurry is applied to the surface of the green body by spraying or glazing, and the application amount is 350g / m 2 After the bottom glaze is applied, drying is performed. The preparation raw materials of the bottom glaze include, by mass fraction, 25 parts of potassium feldspar, 20 parts of sodium feldspar, 9 parts of calcined kaolin, 9 parts of ball clay, 10 parts of zirconium silicate, 9 parts of barium carbonate, 7.5 parts of quartz, 6 parts of diopside, and 5.5 parts of calcined zinc oxide. S3, the green brick with the applied bottom glaze is put into an inkjet machine to print a pattern. S4, the prepared high-gloss and high-transparency face glaze slurry is applied to the green brick after the pattern is printed by spraying, and the application amount is 200g / m 2 After the high-gloss and high-transparency face glaze is applied, drying is performed. The preparation raw materials of the high-gloss and high-transparency face glaze include, by mass fraction, 85 parts of transparent frit, 5 parts of fumed silica, 6.5 parts of air-knife clay, 3.5 parts of strontium carbonate, 0.25 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 0.15 parts of sodium methylcellulose, 0.1 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 0.1 parts of sodium polyacrylate. The chemical composition of the transparent frit includes, by mass percentage, Al2O3: 14.25%, SiO2: 54.41%, K2O: 1.71%, Na2O: 4.67%, B2O3: 11.71%, BaO: 4.73%, SrO: 4.32%, and ZnO: 4.21%, and the rest is trace amount.

[0040] S5, the green brick with the applied high-gloss and high-transparency face glaze is put into a roller kiln for firing, the firing temperature is 1189℃, and the firing time is 60min. S6, after firing, the ceramic tile is slowly cooled, the temperature interval of the slow cooling is 700-500℃, the cooling time in this interval is 8min, and the ceramic tile is obtained after the cooling is completed.

[0041] Example 2 The difference between the ceramic tile of this example and that of Example 1 is that the amount of calcined zinc oxide in the bottom glaze is 3 parts.

[0042] Example 3 The difference between the ceramic tile of this example and that of Example 1 is that the amount of calcined zinc oxide in the bottom glaze is 8 parts.

[0043] Example 4 The difference between the ceramic tile of this example and that of Example 1 is that the amount of diopside in the bottom glaze is 4 parts.

[0044] Example 5 The present example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of diopside in the base glaze is 8 parts.

[0045] Example 6 The present example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of transparent frit in the high-gloss high-transparency face glaze is 80 parts.

[0046] Example 7 The present example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of transparent frit in the high-gloss high-transparency face glaze is 90 parts.

[0047] Example 8 The present example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of fumed silica in the high-gloss high-transparency face glaze is 3 parts.

[0048] Example 9 The present example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of fumed silica in the high-gloss high-transparency face glaze is 7 parts.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 The present comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of quartz in the base glaze is 3 parts.

[0050] Comparative Example 2 The present comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of quartz in the base glaze is 12 parts.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 The present comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of calcined zinc oxide in the base glaze is 1 part.

[0052] Comparative Example 4 The present comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of calcined zinc oxide in the base glaze is 10 parts.

[0053] Comparative Example 5 The present comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of diopside in the base glaze is 2 parts.

[0054] Comparative Example 6 The present comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of diopside in the base glaze is 10 parts.

[0055] Comparative Example 7 The present comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of transparent frit in the high-gloss high-transparency face glaze is 75 parts.

[0056] Comparative Example 8 The comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which is different from example 1 in that the amount of transparent frit in the high-gloss high-transparency surface glaze is 92 parts.

[0057] Comparative example 9 The comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which is different from example 1 in that the amount of fumed silica in the high-gloss high-transparency surface glaze is 1 part.

[0058] Comparative example 10 The comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which is different from example 1 in that the amount of fumed silica in the high-gloss high-transparency surface glaze is 9 parts.

[0059] Comparative example 11 The comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which is different from example 1 in that the particle size of the fumed silica in the high-gloss high-transparency surface glaze is 150 nm.

[0060] Comparative example 12 The comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which is different from example 1 in that the slow cooling time is 10 min (the temperature interval of slow cooling is 700-500°C).

[0061] Comparative example 13 The comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which is different from example 1 in that the content of B2O3 in the transparent frit is 7.51%.

[0062] Comparative example 14 The comparative example provides a ceramic tile, which is different from example 1 in that the content of B2O3 in the transparent frit is 16.45%.

[0063] The ceramic tiles provided by the above examples and comparative examples are detected, and the detection items include glaze gloss, glaze clarity, glaze layer wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance.

[0064] The glaze gloss detection method is to directly measure using a digital photometer.

[0065] The glaze clarity detection method is mainly to observe the transparency of the ceramic tile glaze through visual observation.

[0066] The detection basis of wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance is GB / T4100-2015 “Ceramic Tiles” Appendix G, dry pressed ceramic tiles (E≤0.5% BIa class).

[0067] The detection results of each example and comparative example are as follows:

[0068] In combination with the above table, the ceramic tiles prepared in Examples 1-9 have a glossiness (measured at 60°) of the glaze surface of 90 degrees (GU) or more, a clear glaze surface, strong transparency, and excellent wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance.

[0069] In comparison with Example 1, the amount of quartz in the base glaze of Comparative Example 1 is 3 parts, which is relatively small, resulting in weakened support of the SiO2 skeleton in the base glaze layer and decreased density and flatness of the base glaze layer. The face glaze is difficult to form a very flat and smooth glass surface when spread on the uneven surface of the base glaze layer, and the light reflection uniformity is reduced, thus the glossiness of the glaze surface of the ceramic tile of Comparative Example 1 is decreased, and the transparency is slightly poor. In addition, the insufficient density of the base glaze layer leads to poor combination between the face glaze layer and the base glaze layer, and the overall structural integrity and density of the glaze layer are decreased, thus the wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance of the glaze surface of the ceramic tile provided by Comparative Example 1 are not as good as those of the ceramic tile provided by Example 1.

[0070] In comparison with Example 1, the amount of quartz in the base glaze of Comparative Example 2 is 12 parts, which is relatively large, significantly increasing the melting temperature of the base glaze, resulting in insufficient melting and poor fluidity of the base glaze during firing, and the base glaze cannot form a flat and dense substrate, and thus the face glaze is difficult to spread evenly on the uneven surface of the base glaze layer and form a smooth glass surface, thus the glossiness of the glaze surface of the ceramic tile of Comparative Example 1 is decreased, and the transparency is slightly poor. In addition, the excessive amount of quartz increases the number of quartz particles that are not completely melted in the base glaze, which not only destroys the structural continuity of the base glaze layer, but also causes gaps at the interface between the face glaze layer and the base glaze layer, resulting in decreased overall density of the glaze layer, and thus the wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance of the glaze surface are not as good as those of the ceramic tile provided by Example 1.

[0071] In comparison with Example 1, the amount of calcined zinc oxide in the base glaze of Comparative Example 3 is 1 part, which is relatively small, increasing the melting temperature of the base glaze and resulting in insufficient melting, and the base glaze cannot form a flat and dense substrate, and thus the face glaze is difficult to spread evenly on the base glaze layer and form a smooth glass surface. In addition, the insufficient melting of the base glaze decreases the density of the base glaze and leads to poor combination with the face glaze layer, and thus the overall structural integrity of the glaze layer is decreased, and thus the wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance of the glaze surface of the ceramic tile provided by Comparative Example 3 are not as good as those of the ceramic tile provided by Example 1. In addition, the insufficient amount of calcined zinc oxide weakens the effect of the calcined zinc oxide and zirconium silicate in improving the whiteness of the base glaze, and the base glaze cannot effectively cover the impurity color of the tile body, and the background color of the face glaze is not pure, which further affects the transparency of the glaze surface.

[0072] Compared with Example 1, the amount of calcined zinc oxide in the base glaze of Comparative Example 4 is 10 parts, which is too much. It will destroy the melting balance of the base glaze, making the base glaze too fluid during the firing process, and unable to form a flat and stable base. This will further cause the face glaze to spread unevenly on the uneven surface of the base glaze layer, making it difficult to form a smooth glass surface. Moreover, excessive zinc oxide will promote the precipitation of too many microcrystals in the base glaze during cooling. These microcrystals will enhance the diffuse reflection of light, further reducing the transparency of the face glaze. At the same time, the excessive precipitation of microcrystals will destroy the continuity of the glass phase structure of the base glaze, leading to a decrease in the density of the base glaze. The interface between the base glaze layer and the face glaze layer will have small gaps, making the overall structure of the glaze layer insufficient in integrity. Ultimately, the wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance of the glaze surface will all decrease.

[0073] Compared with Example 1, the amount of diopside in the base glaze of Comparative Example 5 is 2 parts, which is too little. It will cause the base glaze to have a high melting temperature and insufficient melting, making it unable to form a flat and dense base. This will further cause the face glaze to spread unevenly on the uneven surface of the base glaze layer, making it difficult to form a smooth glass surface. Therefore, the gloss of the glaze surface will decrease, and the transparency will deteriorate. Moreover, the insufficient amount of diopside will lead to a decrease in the density of the base glaze layer. It will not only fail to effectively block the penetration of the face glaze glass phase to ensure the uniform thickness of the face glaze, but also make the base glaze and face glaze layers not tightly combined, resulting in insufficient overall structural integrity of the glaze layer. This will further make the wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance of the glaze surface not as good as the ceramic tile glaze surface provided in Example 1.

[0074] Compared with Example 1, the amount of diopside in the base glaze of Comparative Example 6 is 10 parts, which is too much. It will cause the base glaze to have a low melting temperature and excessive melting, making it too fluid during the firing process, and unable to form a flat and stable base. This will further cause the face glaze to spread unevenly on the uneven surface of the base glaze layer, making it difficult to form a smooth and uniform glass surface. Moreover, when the amount of diopside is too much, the glaze layer will precipitate too many crystals during the cooling of the ceramic tile. This will not only enhance the diffuse reflection of light, making the transparency of the glaze surface deteriorate, but also destroy the stability of the interface between the base glaze layer and the face glaze layer, leading to a decrease in the overall density of the glaze layer. Therefore, the performance of the ceramic tile glaze surface provided in Comparative Example 1 is not as good as the ceramic tile glaze surface provided in Example 1.

[0075] Compared with Example 1, the amount of transparent frit in the face glaze of Comparative Example 7 is 75 parts, which is less than the amount of transparent frit used in Example 6. It will cause the face glaze to have a high melting temperature and insufficient melting, making it unable to fully spread and form a flat and smooth glass surface during the firing process. This will make the gloss of the glaze surface decrease, and the transparency deteriorate. Moreover, the insufficient amount of transparent frit will reduce the glass phase content of the face glaze, leading to a decrease in the density of the glaze layer. It will not be able to improve the wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance of the glaze surface.

[0076] Compared with Example 1, the amount of transparent frit in the high-gloss high-transparency face glaze of Comparative Example 8 is 92 parts, which is more than the amount of transparent frit used in Example 7. This will cause the melting temperature of the face glaze to be too low, and the flowability of the glaze during firing to be too strong, so that a uniform and flat glass surface cannot be formed, and the glaze surface is prone to defects such as corrugation. Therefore, the gloss of the glaze surface decreases, and the transparency of the glaze surface deteriorates. In addition, when the amount of transparent frit is too large, the content of SiO2, which is the glass network former in the face glaze system, increases, which will cause the alkali resistance of the glaze layer to decrease significantly, and the hardness of the glaze surface will also decrease, thereby causing the wear resistance of the glaze surface to decrease. Moreover, the low melting temperature of the face glaze will cause pinholes to occur after firing, thereby causing the stain resistance of the glaze surface to decrease.

[0077] Compared with Example 1, the amount of fumed silica in the high-gloss high-transparency face glaze of Comparative Example 9 is 1 part, which is less than the amount of fumed silica used in Example 8. This will cause poor suspension stability of the glaze slurry, and the face glaze is difficult to adhere uniformly to the surface of the base glaze layer during glazing. This makes the face glaze unable to spread fully during firing, and thus a flat and smooth glass surface cannot be formed. Moreover, the low amount of fumed silica weakens the effect of improving the density of the glaze layer, and thus the wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and stain resistance of the glaze surface cannot be improved.

[0078] Compared with Example 1, the amount of fumed silica in the face glaze of Comparative Example 10 is 9 parts, which is more than the amount of fumed silica used in Example 9. This will greatly increase the melting viscosity of the glaze, and inhibit the high-temperature flowability of the face glaze, so that the glaze cannot spread fully to fill the micropores and defects. Therefore, the performance of the ceramic tile glaze layer provided by Comparative Example 10 is not as good as that of the ceramic tile provided by Example 1.

[0079] Compared with Example 1, the particle size of the fumed silica in the face glaze of Comparative Example 11 is too large, which reduces the specific surface area, and the nano-filling effect of the fumed silica during firing is small, so that the performance of the glaze layer on the surface of the ceramic tile cannot be improved significantly.

[0080] Compared with Example 1, the slow cooling time of Comparative Example 12 is too long, which causes the crystals to be too large, and the crystallization to be too large, thereby reducing the content of the glass phase of the glaze layer, and further reducing the gloss of the glaze surface, and affecting the transparency of the glaze surface. Moreover, since the crystals are mainly oxides, the acid and alkali resistance of the glaze surface will decrease, and the stain resistance of the glaze surface will also be affected.

[0081] Compared with Example 1, the transparent frit in Comparative Example 13 has a lower content of B2O3, which can result in a higher melting temperature of the transparent frit and the glaze, poor fluidity and spreadability of the melt, and a lower gloss and poor transparency of the glaze, because more light is absorbed by the glaze when the light is incident on the glaze. Moreover, B2O3 can inhibit the crystallization of the glass phase and optimize the density of the glass phase. Therefore, when the content of B2O3 is low, the density of the glaze layer is insufficient, which can affect the acid and alkali resistance and stain resistance of the glaze.

[0082] Compared with Example 1, the transparent frit in Comparative Example 14 has a higher content of B2O3, which can result in a lower melting temperature of the glaze, overburning of the glaze, and pinholes in the glaze, thereby resulting in poor transparency of the glaze, and a decrease in the acid and alkali resistance and stain resistance of the glaze. Moreover, overburning of the glaze can result in excessive crystallization of the glaze layer or uneven glass phase structure, and a decrease in the wear resistance of the glaze.

[0083] It can be understood that, for those skilled in the art, equivalent replacements or changes can be made according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present application, and all such changes or replacements shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-gloss high-transparency overglaze, characterized in that, The preparation raw materials of the transparent frit include, in mass fraction, 80-90 parts of transparent frit, 3-7 parts of fumed silica, 3-10 parts of air-knife clay, 2-5 parts of strontium carbonate, and 0.45-0.75 parts of auxiliary agent.

2. The high-gloss high-transparency overglaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical components of the transparent frit, in mass percentage, include Al2O3: 13.24-15.27%, SiO2: 53.18-55.64%, K2O: 1.28-2.14%, Na2O: 3.48-5.87%, B2O3: 8.11-15.31%, BaO: 3.64-5.82%, SrO: 3.36-5.29%, and ZnO: 2.96-5.64%, and the rest is trace amount.

3. The high-gloss high-transparency overglaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the fumed silica is 10-80 nm, and the specific surface area is 200±50 m² / g.

4. The high-gloss high-transparency overglaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary agent is at least one of sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and sodium polyacrylate.

5. A ceramic tile, characterized by, The ceramic tile comprises, from bottom to top, a brick layer, a bottom glaze layer, and a surface glaze layer; the surface glaze layer is made of the high-light and high-transparency surface glaze according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. The ceramic tile according to claim 5, characterized in that, A pattern layer is arranged between the bottom glaze layer and the surface glaze layer.

7. The ceramic tile according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom glaze layer is made of a bottom glaze, and the preparation raw materials of the bottom glaze, in mass fraction, include 20-30 parts of potassium feldspar, 15-25 parts of sodium feldspar, 6-12 parts of calcined kaolin, 6-12 parts of ball clay, 8-12 parts of zirconium silicate, 5-13 parts of barium carbonate, 5-10 parts of quartz, 4-8 parts of diopside, and 3-8 parts of calcined zinc oxide.

8. A method for the production of a ceramic tile for the production of a ceramic tile according to any one of claims 6-7, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: applying the bottom glaze on the brick to form the bottom glaze layer after firing; printing a pattern on the bottom glaze to form the pattern layer after firing; applying the high-light and high-transparency surface glaze to form the surface glaze layer after firing; firing the ceramic tile and slowly cooling the ceramic tile after the firing is completed.

9. The method of manufacturing a ceramic tile according to claim 8, wherein The temperature range for slowly cooling the ceramic tile is 700-500℃, and the time for cooling in this range is 5-8 min.

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