Super-hydrophobic photo-thermal material for wire anti-icing as well as preparation method and application of super-hydrophobic photo-thermal material

Abstract

The invention discloses a super-hydrophobic photo-thermal material for wire anti-icing as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of anti-icing coatings of power transmission lines. The super-hydrophobic photo-thermal material comprises a super-hydrophobic coating S1 and a photo-thermal coating S2, the super-hydrophobic coating S1 is prepared from the following raw materials: fluorine-modified organic silicon resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, a cross-linking agent, a dispersing agent, a flatting agent, silicon fluoride oil and a first solvent; the photo-thermal coating S2 is prepared from the following raw materials: carbon nanotubes, fluorinated silicon dioxide nanoparticles, a cross-linking agent, a dispersing agent, a flatting agent and a second solvent; during preparation, the raw materials are mixed and ultrasonically stirred, and then can be attached to the surface of the wire in a wet coating manner. The super-hydrophobic photo-thermal material has an excellent photo-thermal fast response function and hydrophobicity, is used for preparing an ice melting device with a super-hydrophobic photo-thermal coating, can realize active self-ice melting in a sunlight environment, can be used as an auxiliary measure for short-circuit current ice melting, and reduces insulated wire faults caused by ice coating.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power transmission line ice melting and anti-icing, and particularly relates to a super-hydrophobic photo-thermal material for wire anti-icing and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The icing problem of insulating wires in extremely cold weather is one of the important reasons for the failure of the power grid. The ice layer on the surface of the insulating wire can cause wire breakage, wire breakage, dancing, and other problems, and in severe cases, it can even cause the tower to break and collapse, posing a huge risk to the safe and stable operation of the existing power system. Even causing damage to the power line tower and causing electrical accidents, and in severe cases, causing large-scale, long-term power outages and even the collapse of the power grid.

[0003] The current power grid adopts overhead transmission line ice melting method mainly by short-circuit alternating / direct current ice melting, which has the defects of high energy consumption, low efficiency, and difficulty in real-time response to icing changes, damage to wires, etc. At the same time, due to the existence of the insulating layer, the heat transfer of the insulating wire is seriously hindered during the ice melting process, directly leading to uneven ice melting and long ice melting response period, and such ice melting by electric heating often consumes manpower and power cost. Super-hydrophobic photo-thermal ice melting technology is one of the new methods for insulating wire anti-icing and ice melting in recent years, which uses solar energy to heat the super-hydrophobic photo-thermal coating on the surface of the wire to keep the temperature of the micro-environment on the surface of the wire above zero, thereby inhibiting the formation of ice layer on the surface of the wire. The ice melting method using coating does not conflict with the widely used short-circuit ice melting technology, and can be used as an auxiliary method to improve the anti-icing level of the transmission line. Chinese invention patent CN 113897134A discloses an energy-absorbing super-hydrophobic super-oleophobic anti-icing coating for power transmission lines and a preparation method thereof. The invention has excellent adhesion and anti-icing performance, and can be used on power transmission line towers and insulating wires to reduce power accidents caused by wire icing problems. However, the material preparation process of the patent is complex, and the prepared super-hydrophobic coating has no active ice melting function, which cannot quickly respond to changes in external temperature, seriously inhibiting the ice melting effect of the insulating wire. Chinese invention patent CN120464285A discloses a photo-thermal super-hydrophobic multifunctional anti-icing coating and a preparation method and application thereof. The coating includes primer and topcoat. The primer includes bisphenol A type epoxy resin and / or fluorine modified epoxy resin, fluorine modified polyacrylic acid resin and / or polyurethane resin, curing agent, solvent; the topcoat includes polytetrafluoroethylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane, fluorinated MOF dispersion. The coating can effectively solve the icing problem of power transmission line aluminum wires, and can be applied to power equipment such as power transmission line aluminum wires. However, tests have found that the surface coating temperature of the coating material after irradiation is not high enough, only 46-51℃, and the complete ice melting time of the surface is relatively long, about 540-600s.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a superhydrophobic photothermal material with a fast ice-melting response and use it to prepare a superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing insulation device to achieve rapid de-icing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a superhydrophobic photothermal material for conductor anti-icing, its preparation method, and its application. This superhydrophobic photothermal material possesses excellent fast photothermal response and hydrophobicity. The de-icing device with the superhydrophobic photothermal coating used in its preparation can achieve active de-icing in sunlight environments, serving as an auxiliary measure for short-circuit current de-icing and reducing conductor failures caused by icing. The specific technical solution is as follows: A superhydrophobic photothermal material for preventing wire icing, the superhydrophobic photothermal material comprising a superhydrophobic coating S1 and a photothermal coating S2; The superhydrophobic coating S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fluorinated silicone resin, 10-25 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 0.1-2 parts of crosslinking agent, 1-5 parts of dispersant, 0.5-2 parts of leveling agent, 0.01-0.2 parts of fluorinated silicone oil, and 200-400 parts of first solvent; The photothermal coating S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-20 parts carbon nanotubes, 2-5 parts fluorinated silica nanoparticles, 6-10 parts polydopamine, 0.2-5 parts crosslinking agent, 1-5 parts dispersant, 0.5-2 parts leveling agent, and 30-50 parts second solvent. The preparation method of the superhydrophobic photothermal material includes the following steps: (1) Add the fluorinated silicone resin and polytetrafluoroethylene to the first solvent, sonicate for half an hour, and stir at a constant speed for 30-60 minutes to obtain the first mixture; (2) Add the crosslinking agent, dispersant, leveling agent and fluorinated silicone oil to the first mixture in sequence, stir for 30-60 min to obtain superhydrophobic coating S1; (3) Add the carbon nanotubes and polydopamine to the second solvent and stir for 30-60 min to obtain the second mixture; (4) Add the fluorinated silica nanoparticles, crosslinking agent, dispersant and leveling agent to the second mixture in sequence, and stir at a constant speed for 20-40 min to obtain photothermal coating S2.

[0006] Furthermore, the polytetrafluoroethylene is a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion with a concentration of 40-60 wt% or polytetrafluoroethylene particles with a particle size of 0.1-10 μm.

[0007] Furthermore, the first solvent is one or more of butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether.

[0008] Furthermore, the leveling agent is one or more of acrylic leveling agents and silicone leveling agents.

[0009] Furthermore, the dispersant is either polyethylene wax or polyethylene glycol.

[0010] Furthermore, the carbon nanotubes have a length of 2-5 nm and a diameter of 2-15 nm.

[0011] Furthermore, the fluorinated silica nanoparticles are hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles with a particle size of 5-15 nm.

[0012] Furthermore, the second solvent is one or more of isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.

[0013] Furthermore, the crosslinking agent is one or more of aminotrimethoxysilane, isopropyl triisostearate, and tetraisopropyl titanate.

[0014] The present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned superhydrophobic photothermal material in the field of de-icing and anti-icing of power transmission lines.

[0015] The present invention also provides an ice-melting device based on superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing, wherein the ice-melting device is coated with the aforementioned superhydrophobic photothermal material.

[0016] Furthermore, the ice-melting device is a self-regulating insulated wire, which comprises, from the inside out, a core layer, a semi-conductive layer, a photothermal coating S2, and a superhydrophobic coating S1; the core layer is a copper core or an aluminum core; the semi-conductive layer is a PTC material (conductive polymer / ceramic composite material); the photothermal coating S2 is applied to the surface of the wire by a wet coating process, and then dried at a high temperature of 120-160℃ after plasma treatment; the superhydrophobic coating S1 is applied to the surface of the wire with the photothermal coating S2 by a wet coating process, and then dried at a high temperature of 180-200℃ after plasma treatment.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The synergistic effect of fluorinated modified silicone resin and polytetrafluoroethylene in the superhydrophobic coating S1 of this invention gives the superhydrophobic coating excellent hydrophobicity, making it difficult for water droplets and ice crystals to adhere to the coating surface, thus greatly reducing the problem of ice covering the wire surface. The carbon nanotubes, polydopamine, and fluorinated silica nanoparticles in the photothermal coating S2 form a nanocomposite material with broad-spectrum absorption, giving the coating excellent photothermal conversion performance. Even at sub-zero temperatures under sunlight, the coating surface temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, making it easier for ice to melt at the interface with the coating surface, thus preventing icing. The addition of crosslinking agents and dispersants during coating preparation aims to give the coating excellent adhesion and wear resistance through the interaction of the components. Therefore, the superhydrophobic photothermal material of this invention, when applied to insulated wires, can significantly reduce the problem of insulated wire failure caused by icing.

[0018] 2. The hydrophobic photothermal material of the present invention has few raw material types and can be prepared by a simple solvent method. It is easy to produce and does not require complex equipment or process control, which reduces equipment investment and energy consumption costs and facilitates large-scale preparation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing self-limiting temperature insulated wire of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a temperature comparison diagram of the superhydrophobic photothermal material prepared in Example 1 under different light intensities. Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the melting time of the superhydrophobic photothermal material of the present invention with that of materials without superhydrophobic coating S1 and materials without photothermal coating S2. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0022] Example 1 A superhydrophobic photothermal material for preventing wire icing, the superhydrophobic photothermal material comprising a superhydrophobic coating S1 and a photothermal coating S2; The superhydrophobic coating S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fluorinated silicone resin, 10 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion with a concentration of 40 wt%, 0.1 parts of aminotrimethoxysilane, 1 part of polyethylene wax dispersant, 0.5 parts of acrylic leveling agent, 0.01 parts of fluorinated silicone oil, and 300 parts of methyl ethyl ketone. The photothermal coating S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts carbon nanotubes, 2 parts fluorinated silica nanoparticles, 0.2 parts aminotrimethoxysilane, 6 parts polydopamine, 1 part polyethylene wax dispersant, 0.5 parts acrylic leveling agent, and 30 parts isopropanol; the carbon nanotubes have a length of 2 nm and a diameter of 2 nm; the fluorinated silica nanoparticles are hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles with a particle size of 5 nm.

[0023] The preparation method of the superhydrophobic photothermal material includes the following steps: (1) Add the fluorinated organosilicon resin and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion to the butanone, sonicate for half an hour, and then stir at 800 rpm / min for 30 min to obtain the first mixture; (2) Add the aminotrimethoxysilane, polyethylene wax dispersant, acrylic leveling agent and fluorinated silicone oil to the first mixture in sequence, and stir at 800 rpm / min for 30 min to obtain superhydrophobic coating S1; (3) Add the carbon nanotubes and polydopamine to the isopropanol and stir at 800 rpm / min for 30 min to obtain a second mixture; (4) The fluorinated silica nanoparticles, aminotrimethoxysilane, polyethylene wax dispersant and acrylic leveling agent are added to the second mixture in sequence, and stirred at 800 rpm / min for 20 min to obtain photothermal coating S2.

[0024] An ice-melting device based on superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing, wherein the ice-melting device is a self-regulating insulated wire, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the conductor comprises, from the inside out, a core layer, a semi-conductive layer, a photothermal coating S2, and a superhydrophobic coating S1; the core layer is an aluminum core; the semi-conductive layer is a PTC material (ceramic composite material); the photothermal coating S2 is applied to the conductor surface via a wet coating process, followed by plasma treatment and drying at 120°C; the superhydrophobic coating S1 is applied to the conductor surface with the photothermal coating S2 via a wet coating process, followed by plasma treatment and drying at 180°C. Using the superhydrophobic photothermal material prepared above in transmission line conductors enables rapid de-icing and reduces insulation failures caused by icing.

[0025] Figure 2 The temperatures of the superhydrophobic photothermal material and the blank control in this embodiment after irradiation at -10°C and different light intensities for 10 minutes are as follows: Figure 2 It can be seen that the surface temperature of the superhydrophobic photothermal material prepared by this invention will rise rapidly when exposed to light, thereby causing the ice layer to melt faster.

[0026] Example 2 A superhydrophobic photothermal material for preventing wire icing, the superhydrophobic photothermal material comprising a superhydrophobic coating S1 and a photothermal coating S2; The superhydrophobic coating S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fluorinated silicone resin, 25 parts of 60wt% polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion, 2 parts of isopropyl triisostearate, 5 parts of polyethylene wax dispersant, 2 parts of silicone leveling agent, 0.2 parts of fluorinated silicone oil, and 300 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone. The photothermal coating S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts carbon nanotubes, 5 parts fluorinated silica nanoparticles, 5 parts isopropyl triisostearate, 10 parts polydopamine, 5 parts polyethylene wax dispersant, 2 parts organosilicon leveling agent, and 50 parts ethylene glycol; the carbon nanotubes have a length of 5 nm and a diameter of 15 nm; the fluorinated silica nanoparticles are hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles with a particle size of 15 nm.

[0027] The preparation method of the superhydrophobic photothermal material includes the following steps: (1) Add the fluorinated organosilicon resin and polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion to the methyl isobutyl ketone, sonicate for half an hour, and then stir at 1000 rpm / min for 60 min to obtain the first mixture; (2) Add the triisostearic acid isopropyl ester, polyethylene wax dispersant, organosilicon leveling agent and fluorinated silicone oil to the first mixture in sequence, and stir at 1000 rpm / min for 60 min to obtain superhydrophobic coating S1; (3) Add the carbon nanotubes and polydopamine to the ethylene glycol and stir at 1000 rpm / min for 60 min to obtain a second mixture; (4) The fluorinated silica nanoparticles, isopropyl triisostearate, polyethylene wax dispersant and organosilicon leveling agent are added sequentially to the second mixture, and stirred at a constant speed of 1000 rpm / min for 40 min to obtain the photothermal coating S2.

[0028] An ice-melting device based on superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing, wherein the ice-melting device is a self-regulating insulated wire, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the conductor comprises, from the inside out, a core layer, a semi-conductive layer, a photothermal coating S2, and a superhydrophobic coating S1; the core layer is an aluminum core; the semi-conductive layer is a PTC material (ceramic composite material); the photothermal coating S2 is applied to the conductor surface via a wet coating process, followed by plasma treatment and drying at 160°C; the superhydrophobic coating S1 is applied to the conductor surface with the photothermal coating S2 via a wet coating process, followed by plasma treatment and drying at 200°C. Using the superhydrophobic photothermal material prepared above in transmission line conductors enables rapid de-icing and reduces insulation failures caused by icing.

[0029] Example 3 A superhydrophobic photothermal material for preventing wire icing, the superhydrophobic photothermal material comprising a superhydrophobic coating S1 and a photothermal coating S2; The superhydrophobic coating S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of fluorinated silicone resin, 20 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene particles with a particle size of 10 μm, 1 part of tetraisopropyl titanate, 3 parts of polyethylene glycol dispersant, 1.5 parts of silicone leveling agent, 0.1 parts of fluorinated silicone oil, and 300 parts of ethyl acetate. The photothermal coating S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts carbon nanotubes, 3 parts fluorinated silica nanoparticles, 3.5 parts tetraisopropyl titanate, 7 parts polydopamine, 3 parts polyethylene glycol dispersant, 1 part silicone leveling agent, and 40 parts glycerol; the carbon nanotubes have a length of 3 nm and a diameter of 10 nm; the fluorinated silica nanoparticles are hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles with a particle size of 10 nm.

[0030] The preparation method of the superhydrophobic photothermal material includes the following steps: (1) Add the fluorinated organosilicon resin and polytetrafluoroethylene particles to the ethyl acetate, sonicate for half an hour, and then stir at 900 rpm / min for 40 min to obtain the first mixture; (2) The tetraisopropyl titanate, polyethylene glycol dispersant, organosilicon leveling agent and fluorinated silicone oil were added to the first mixture in sequence, and stirred at 900 rpm / min for 40 min to obtain the superhydrophobic coating S1; (3) Add the carbon nanotubes and polydopamine to the glycerol and stir at 900 rpm / min for 40 min to obtain a second mixture; (4) The fluorinated silica nanoparticles, tetraisopropyl titanate, polyethylene glycol dispersant and organosilicon leveling agent are added sequentially to the second mixture, and stirred at a constant speed of 900 rpm / min for 30 min to obtain the photothermal coating S2.

[0031] An ice-melting device based on superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing, wherein the ice-melting device is a self-regulating insulated wire, such as... Figure 1As shown, the conductor comprises, from the inside out, a core layer, a semi-conductive layer, a photothermal coating S2, and a superhydrophobic coating S1; the core layer is an aluminum core; the semi-conductive layer is a PTC material (ceramic composite material); the photothermal coating S2 is applied to the conductor surface via a wet coating process, followed by plasma treatment and drying at 140°C; the superhydrophobic coating S1 is applied to the conductor surface with the photothermal coating S2 via a wet coating process, followed by plasma treatment and drying at 190°C. Using the superhydrophobic photothermal material prepared above in transmission line conductors enables rapid de-icing and reduces insulation failures caused by icing.

[0032] Example 4 A superhydrophobic photothermal material for preventing wire icing, the superhydrophobic photothermal material comprising a superhydrophobic coating S1 and a photothermal coating S2; The superhydrophobic coating S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of fluorinated silicone resin, 18 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene particles with a particle size of 10 μm, 1.5 parts of tetraisopropyl titanate, 2 parts of polyethylene glycol dispersant, 0.9 parts of silicone leveling agent, 0.1 parts of fluorinated silicone oil, and 200 parts of ethyl acetate. The photothermal coating S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts carbon nanotubes, 2 parts fluorinated silica nanoparticles, 8 parts tetraisopropyl titanate, 7 parts polydopamine, 4 parts polyethylene glycol dispersant, 1.5 parts organosilicon leveling agent, and 45 parts glycerol; the carbon nanotubes have a length of 3 nm and a diameter of 10 nm; the fluorinated silica nanoparticles are hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles with a particle size of 10 nm.

[0033] The preparation method of the superhydrophobic photothermal material includes the following steps: (1) Add the fluorinated organosilicon resin and polytetrafluoroethylene particles to the ethyl acetate, sonicate for half an hour, and then stir at 800 rpm / min for 40 min to obtain the first mixture. (2) The tetraisopropyl titanate, polyethylene glycol dispersant, organosilicon leveling agent and fluorinated silicone oil were added to the first mixture in sequence, and stirred at 800 rpm / min for 40 min to obtain the superhydrophobic coating S1; (3) Add the carbon nanotubes and polydopamine to the glycerol and stir at 800 rpm / min for 40 min to obtain a second mixture; (4) The fluorinated silica nanoparticles, tetraisopropyl titanate, polyethylene glycol dispersant and organosilicon leveling agent are added sequentially to the second mixture, and stirred at 800 rpm / min for 30 min to obtain photothermal coating S2.

[0034] An ice-melting device based on superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing, wherein the ice-melting device is a self-regulating insulated wire, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the conductor comprises, from the inside out, a core layer, a semi-conductive layer, a photothermal coating S2, and a superhydrophobic coating S1; the core layer is an aluminum core; the semi-conductive layer is a PTC material (ceramic composite material); the photothermal coating S2 is applied to the conductor surface via a wet coating process, followed by plasma treatment and drying at 140°C; the superhydrophobic coating S1 is applied to the conductor surface with the photothermal coating S2 via a wet coating process, followed by plasma treatment and drying at 190°C. Using the superhydrophobic photothermal material prepared above in transmission line conductors enables rapid de-icing and reduces insulation failures caused by icing.

[0035] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 1 is that the prepared material does not contain the superhydrophobic coating S1, and the insulated wire does not have the superhydrophobic coating S1. Otherwise, it is the same as Example 1.

[0036] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that the prepared material does not contain the photothermal coating S2, and the insulated wire does not have the photothermal coating S2. Otherwise, it is the same as Example 1.

[0037] Figure 3 In the figures, "light exposure + hydrophobicity" represents the melting time of the material in Example 1; "light exposure" represents the melting time of the material in Comparative Example 1; "hydrophobicity" represents the melting time of the material in Comparative Example 2; and "blank" represents the melting time of the material without the superhydrophobic coating S1 and the photothermal coating S2. Figure 3 It can be seen that the ice-melting time of the material of the present invention is 5 minutes, which is fast.

[0038] Comparative Example 3: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the superhydrophobic coating S1 does not contain polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion. The prepared material was coated onto the wire using the same coating method as in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 4: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that a fluorinated silane is used instead of a fluorinated modified organosilicon resin to prepare a superhydrophobic photothermal material, and this material is coated on the wires using the same coating method as in Example 1.

[0040] Comparative Example 5: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the photothermal coating S2 does not contain polydopamine. The prepared material was coated onto the wire using the same coating method as in Example 1.

[0041] The hydrophobicity and photothermal properties of the wires prepared in the above embodiments and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Performance test results for each group Table 1 shows that the composite effect of fluorinated modified silicone resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, and fluorinated silicone oil in the superhydrophobic coating S1 of this invention gives the coating excellent superhydrophobicity, making it difficult for water droplets and ice crystals to adhere to the coating surface. The composite of carbon nanotubes, polydopamine, and fluorinated silica nanoparticles in the photothermal coating S2 forms a nanocomposite material with broad-spectrum absorption, giving the coating excellent photothermal conversion characteristics. Even at sub-zero temperatures under sunlight, the coating surface temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, making it easier for ice to melt at the interface with the coating surface, thus preventing icing. The addition of crosslinking agents and dispersants during coating preparation aims to give the coating good adhesion and wear resistance through the interaction of the components. Therefore, the superhydrophobic photothermal material of this invention, when applied to insulated wires, can significantly reduce the problem of insulated wire failure caused by icing.

[0042] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A superhydrophobic photothermal material for preventing wire icing, characterized in that, The superhydrophobic photothermal material includes a superhydrophobic coating S1 and a photothermal coating S2; The superhydrophobic coating S1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fluorinated silicone resin, 10-25 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene, 0.1-2 parts of crosslinking agent, 1-5 parts of dispersant, 0.5-2 parts of leveling agent, 0.01-0.2 parts of fluorinated silicone oil, and 200-400 parts of first solvent; The photothermal coating S2 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-20 parts carbon nanotubes, 2-5 parts fluorinated silica nanoparticles, 6-10 parts polydopamine, 0.2-5 parts crosslinking agent, 1-5 parts dispersant, 0.5-2 parts leveling agent, and 30-50 parts second solvent. The preparation method of the superhydrophobic photothermal material includes the following steps: (1) Add the fluorinated silicone resin and the polytetrafluoroethylene to the first solvent, sonicate for half an hour, and stir at a constant speed for 30-60 minutes to obtain the first mixture; (2) Add the crosslinking agent, dispersant, leveling agent and fluorinated silicone oil to the first mixture in sequence, stir for 30-60 min to obtain the superhydrophobic coating S1; (3) Add the carbon nanotubes and polydopamine to the second solvent and stir for 30-60 min to obtain the second mixture; (4) Add the fluorinated silica nanoparticles, crosslinking agent, dispersant and leveling agent to the second mixture in sequence, and stir at a constant speed for 20-40 min to obtain the photothermal coating S2.

2. The superhydrophobic photothermal material for wire anti-icing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polytetrafluoroethylene is a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion with a concentration of 40-60 wt% or polytetrafluoroethylene particles with a particle size of 0.1-10 μm.

3. The superhydrophobic photothermal material for wire anti-icing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first solvent is one or more of butanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, and propylene glycol methyl ether.

4. The superhydrophobic photothermal material for wire anti-icing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon nanotubes have a length of 2-5 nm and a diameter of 2-15 nm.

5. A superhydrophobic photothermal material for wire anti-icing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorinated silica nanoparticles are hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles with a particle size of 5-15 nm.

6. A superhydrophobic photothermal material for wire anti-icing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second solvent is one or more of isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.

7. A superhydrophobic photothermal material for wire anti-icing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crosslinking agent is one or more of aminotrimethoxysilane, isopropyl triisostearate, and tetraisopropyl titanate.

8. The application of a superhydrophobic photothermal material as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 in the field of de-icing and anti-icing of power transmission lines.

9. An ice-melting device based on superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing, characterized in that, The ice-melting device is coated with the superhydrophobic photothermal material as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. The de-icing device based on superhydrophobic photothermal de-icing according to claim 9, characterized in that, The ice-melting device is a self-regulating insulated wire, which includes a core layer, a semi-conductive layer, a photothermal coating S2, and a superhydrophobic coating S1 from the inside out; the core layer is a copper core or an aluminum core; the semi-conductive layer is a PTC material; the photothermal coating S2 is attached to the surface of the wire by a wet coating method, and then dried at a high temperature of 120-160℃ after plasma treatment; the superhydrophobic coating S1 is attached to the surface of the wire with the photothermal coating S2 by a wet coating method, and then dried at a high temperature of 180-200℃ after plasma treatment.

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