River shoal area land leveling method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a river shoal area land leveling method and system, and relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and the method comprises the steps: S1, construction early-stage preparation: carrying out the on-site investigation of a river shoal construction area, determining the construction range, boundary and surrounding ecological environment conditions, marking the area needing key protection, and carrying out the construction early-stage preparation; deploying soil layer identification, layered compaction, ecological restoration and central control related equipment; a soil layer interface is accurately divided through the intelligent soil layer recognition module, the problem that spring soil is prone to being generated in a silty-fine sand layer through a traditional mechanical compaction method is effectively solved in combination with the dynamic parameter adjusting function of the intelligent layered compaction module, the foundation compaction quality and uniformity are improved, the layered differential compaction technology and a real-time parameter adjusting mechanism are adopted, and the construction efficiency is improved. The construction period is shortened, the defect that a drainage consolidation method consumes too long time is overcome, a plant fiber reinforced net is laid through the ecological synchronous restoration module, flood-resistant plant seeds are sown, damage of construction to native vegetation is avoided, and water and soil loss is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of civil engineering, in particular to a land leveling method and system for river beach area. BACKGROUND

[0002] The river beach area refers to the beach land formed by river alluviation on both sides of the river, which is usually distributed on both sides of the river bed and is affected by seasonal changes in river water level. The surface of the river beach area is mainly composed of alluvial layers such as sand, gravel, silt, clay, etc., and has the ecological characteristics of water-land interlaced and the complex geological conditions. The land leveling of the river beach area refers to the special project of optimizing the original irregular terrain and complex geological structure of the river beach through engineering technical means, eliminating the terrain undulation and improving the bearing capacity of the foundation, so as to meet the use requirements of engineering construction, ecological restoration, etc. The land leveling of the river beach area has important significance, which can effectively activate the idle river beach land resources, expand the space carrier of engineering construction and ecological protection, improve the stability of the river beach foundation, reduce the safety risks caused by uneven geological conditions and insufficient bearing capacity of subsequent construction projects, and the reasonable leveling project can repair the ecological corridor of the river beach and improve the water and soil conservation capacity of the region.

[0003] However, the existing river beach leveling technology still has some defects. The traditional mechanical compaction method is prone to spring soil phenomenon due to uneven transmission of compaction energy when constructing in the silt layer, which affects the stability of the subsequent engineering and leads to poor compaction quality of the foundation. The drainage consolidation method relies on natural drainage or artificial drainage to realize soil consolidation, which has a long construction period and cannot meet the time efficiency requirements of engineering construction. Most of the existing leveling processes lack ecological protection consideration, directly destroy the original vegetation of the river beach and disturb the soil structure during the construction process, which leads to the aggravation of regional water and soil loss and the destruction of the original ecological balance. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a land leveling method and system for river beach area. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a land leveling method and system for river beach area, which can accurately divide the soil layer interface through the soil layer intelligent identification module, improve the compaction quality and uniformity of the foundation by combining the dynamic parameter adjustment function of the intelligent layered compaction module, adopt the layered differential compaction process and real-time parameter adjustment mechanism to shorten the construction period, overcome the defect of long time consumption of the drainage consolidation method, lay the plant fiber reinforced mesh and scatter the flood-tolerant plant seeds through the ecological synchronous repair module to reduce water and soil loss, and realize the synchronization of land leveling and ecological restoration.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a land leveling method for river beach area, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Pre-construction preparation: Conduct on-site surveys of the riverbank construction area to clarify the construction scope, boundaries and surrounding ecological environment, mark areas requiring key protection, deploy soil layer identification, layered compaction, ecological restoration and central control related equipment, complete the installation and commissioning of each piece of equipment, and formulate a construction plan that includes the construction content of each stage based on the preliminary geological survey results.

[0007] S2. Intelligent Soil Layer Identification: Using ground-penetrating radar, the construction area is geologically scanned along a preset path to collect data on soil layer distribution, thickness, and density. The collected raw data is transmitted to a data processing device, which processes the data to divide different soil layer interfaces, clarify the physical properties of each soil layer, and generate a soil layer distribution map.

[0008] S3. Dynamic parameter compaction: Based on the soil layer distribution map, the corresponding compaction thickness is set for different soil layer types. The adjustable vibration frequency road roller is started and the soil layers are compacted in layers according to the set path. During the compaction process, the ground radar is used to detect the compaction degree and bearing capacity of the foundation in real time. Based on the data obtained from the detection, the vibration frequency and travel speed of the road roller are adjusted until the compaction quality of each soil layer reaches the preset standard.

[0009] S4. Synchronous construction of ecological layer: After the final soil layer is compacted, plant fiber reinforcement net is laid on the surface of the compacted layer. A drone carrying a sowing device is used to sow flood-resistant plant seeds on the surface of the reinforcement net and the edge of the compacted layer according to the set sowing density. The thickness of the ecological restoration layer is monitored by thickness detection equipment, and the number of reinforcement net layers or the amount of seeds sown are adjusted according to the monitoring results.

[0010] S5. Post-construction inspection: Use testing equipment to test the compaction, uniformity and bearing capacity of the foundation in the leveled area, check the integrity of the reinforcing mesh and the uniformity of seed sowing in the ecological restoration layer, record the test results and generate a construction quality report, and subsequently monitor the vegetation growth and soil erosion in the area regularly.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S1, the pre-construction preparation, a total station is used to determine the boundary coordinates of the construction area during the site survey, and a topographic map of the site is drawn, marking the locations of water accumulation points, protruding rocks, and native vegetation within the area. During equipment deployment, the equipment placement area is planned according to the construction process. The soil layer identification equipment's detection range covers the entire construction area, the layered compaction equipment's operating radius is without blind spots, and the distance between the ecological restoration equipment and the compaction area meets operational requirements. When formulating the construction plan, the construction duration, work teams, and equipment usage arrangements for each step from S2 to S5 are clearly defined, and the connection points between each step are marked. Simultaneously, the resource allocation coefficient for each construction step is calculated. The formula is as follows: ,in, The planned duration for each construction step, This refers to the number of devices required for this step. This refers to the work area for this step. Weighted by duration, Weighted by the number of devices. As the weight of the work area, , , The correlation between the duration of each step, the number of equipment, the working area and the actual resource consumption in the three similar riverbank leveling projects before construction was determined by regression analysis of historical data. Specifically, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient was used as the initial value of the corresponding weight, and then normalized to obtain the final weight value.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, intelligent soil layer identification, the scanning line spacing is set during ground-penetrating radar scanning. The spacing between adjacent scanning lines is determined according to the geological complexity of the construction area. During data processing, a denoising algorithm is first used to remove electromagnetic interference signals from the original data. Then, image segmentation technology is used to process the soil layer profile image to distinguish the grayscale differences between the gravel layer, the silty sand layer, and the clay layer, thereby determining the soil layer interface. When clarifying the physical properties of each soil layer, the particle size distribution, water content, and porosity of each soil layer are detected and recorded. The generated soil layer distribution map needs to mark the specific depth range and key physical parameter values ​​of each soil layer.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S3, dynamic parameter compaction, when setting the compaction thickness, the thickness for the gravel layer is set based on its maximum particle size; for the fine sand layer, the thickness is set based on its initial density value; and for the clay layer, the thickness is set based on its plasticity index. Before starting the roller, its vibration and travel systems are adjusted to ensure the vibration frequency adjustment range covers construction requirements and the travel speed can be smoothly switched. When adjusting the roller parameters, after each adjustment, compaction is continued for a certain distance before testing. The new test data is used to determine whether the parameter adjustment is appropriate until compaction parameters suitable for the current soil layer are obtained. At the same time, the dynamic compaction adaptability of the roller is calculated. The formula is as follows: ,in, This is the current vibration frequency of the road roller. This represents the compaction compliance coefficient detected by ground-based radar. This represents the current speed of the road roller. This represents the standard deviation of the first five compaction test data for this soil layer. The formula is calculated by comparing the current measured compaction degree with the preset standard compaction degree. This formula is used to determine the degree of matching between the current compaction parameters and the soil characteristics. Subsequent parameter adjustments are based on this ratio. The goal is to approach 1.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S4, during the synchronous construction of the ecological layer, before laying the plant fiber reinforcing mesh, the gravel and debris on the surface of the compacted layer are cleaned. During laying, the reinforcing mesh is unfolded by mechanical traction. Adjacent reinforcing meshes are connected by overlapping. The overlap length is determined according to the material and width of the reinforcing mesh. Before sowing the seeds of flood-resistant plants, the seeds are placed in a screening device to remove impurities and then placed in a soaking device to soak in warm water. When the drone sows the seeds, a flight path is set. The sowing areas between adjacent flight paths overlap, and the flight altitude remains consistent.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S5, post-construction inspection, when testing the compaction degree of the foundation, a ground-penetrating radar is used for full-area scanning. Areas with abnormal values ​​in the scan data are marked, and soil samples are taken from the marked areas using the ring cutter method. The soil samples are sent to the laboratory to test the actual compaction degree. When testing the uniformity of the foundation, test points are set up in the construction area using a grid method. Each test point is tested three times and the data is recorded. When checking the integrity of the reinforcing mesh, it is checked section by section along the surface of the compacted layer, and the locations of reinforcing mesh damage and voids are recorded. When monitoring vegetation growth regularly, monitoring plots are set up in the construction area according to the principle of uniform distribution. The number and height of vegetation in each plot are counted. When monitoring soil erosion, runoff ditches are excavated around the area, and sand collection devices are set up at the end of the runoff ditches. The sediment is collected and weighed regularly. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological restoration layer is calculated. The formula is as follows: ,in, For vegetation germination rate, For vegetation coverage, To monitor the quality of sediment collected during the monitoring period, To monitor the theoretical sediment loss corresponding to the total rainfall in the region during the monitoring period, As the germination rate weight, For coverage weight, As a weight for soil and water conservation, , , The Delphi method was used to determine the importance of three indicators. Specifically, five experts engaged in riverbank ecological restoration research were invited to score the importance of each indicator. The arithmetic mean of the experts' scores was used as the initial weight value, and then normalized to obtain the final weight value.

[0016] Furthermore, during the implementation of steps S2 to S5, a data connection is established with each device through the central control device to receive geological scanning data transmitted by ground penetrating radar, vibration frequency and travel speed data transmitted by road roller, flight trajectory and spreading amount data transmitted by UAV, and various detection data transmitted by detection equipment in real time. The central control device stores the received data in chronological order and generates a construction process data ledger. When the received data exceeds the preset normal range, the central control device issues a warning signal and marks the source and specific value of the abnormal data on the display interface.

[0017] A land leveling system for riverbank areas, applicable to the aforementioned land leveling method for riverbank areas, the system comprising: a soil layer intelligent identification module, an intelligent layered compaction module, an ecological synchronous restoration module, and a central control module;

[0018] The intelligent soil layer identification module includes a ground-penetrating radar detection submodule and a soil layer data analysis submodule. The ground-penetrating radar detection submodule is equipped with a mobile scanning device for collecting geological data in the construction area. The soil layer data analysis submodule is equipped with data storage and processing software for processing the collected data and generating a soil layer distribution map.

[0019] The intelligent layered compaction module includes a vibration compaction execution submodule, a real-time detection submodule, a thickness control submodule, and a parameter adjustment submodule. The vibration compaction execution submodule is a road roller with an adjustable frequency vibration device, the real-time detection submodule is a portable ground radar detector, the thickness control submodule has a thickness setting and display unit, and the parameter adjustment submodule is connected to the road roller control system.

[0020] The ecological synchronous restoration module includes a reinforced mesh laying submodule, a seed sowing submodule, and an ecological layer control submodule. The reinforced mesh laying submodule is a laying machine with a traction mechanism, the seed sowing submodule is a drone with a quantitative sowing device, and the ecological layer control submodule is a laser thickness detector.

[0021] The central control module has a data receiving interface, a data storage unit, a display unit, and an alarm unit, which are connected to the above three modules via wired or wireless means.

[0022] Furthermore, the ground-penetrating radar detection submodule of the soil layer intelligent identification module is equipped with a replaceable radar antenna, which can be replaced with antennas of different frequencies according to the detection depth requirements. The soil layer data analysis submodule has a data export interface, which can export the processed soil layer distribution map into a general image format. The central control module has a backup power supply, which can maintain the operation of the equipment for a short time when the external power supply is interrupted.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, the land leveling method and system for riverbank areas have the following advantages:

[0024] This invention uses a soil layer intelligent identification module to accurately delineate soil layer interfaces, combined with the dynamic parameter adjustment function of an intelligent layered compaction module. This effectively solves the problem of springy soil easily generated in silty fine sand layers by traditional mechanical compaction methods, improving the compaction quality and uniformity of the foundation. By adopting a layered differentiated compaction process and a real-time parameter adjustment mechanism, the construction cycle is shortened, overcoming the shortcomings of the drainage consolidation method which is too time-consuming. Through the ecological synchronous restoration module, plant fiber reinforced mesh is laid and flood-resistant plant seeds are sown, avoiding damage to native vegetation during construction, reducing soil erosion, and achieving simultaneous land leveling and ecological restoration. All modules of the entire system work collaboratively, adapting to the complex geological conditions of riverbanks, improving the utilization efficiency of riverbank land resources, providing a stable foundation for subsequent engineering construction, and taking into account both engineering practicality and ecological environmental protection, with significant economic, social and ecological benefits.

[0025] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 A flowchart of a land leveling method for riverbank areas;

[0028] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a land leveling method for riverbank areas;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a land leveling system for riverbank areas. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment applies to a land leveling project in a riverbed area in the middle and lower reaches of a river in southern China. This area is significantly affected by seasonal water level changes, and the surface has a complex geological structure with alternating layers of gravel, silt, and clay. The native vegetation is mainly flood-tolerant herbaceous plants. There are localized waterlogging points and protruding rocks. Land leveling is needed to achieve the dual goals of ecological restoration and construction land use, while avoiding damage to the surrounding ecological environment and ensuring that the foundation bearing capacity meets the requirements for subsequent lightweight building construction. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The specific details are as follows:

[0033] In the pre-construction preparation phase, a comprehensive on-site survey of the riverbank construction area was conducted. A total station was used to accurately determine the boundary coordinates of the construction area, and a detailed topographic map was drawn, clearly marking the specific distribution locations of water accumulation points, protruding rocks, and native vegetation. Areas with dense native vegetation were designated as key protection zones. Equipment placement was scientifically planned according to the construction process, deploying equipment for soil identification, layered compaction, ecological restoration, and central control. This ensured that the soil identification equipment's detection range completely covered the entire construction area, the layered compaction equipment had no blind spots in its operating radius, and the distance between the ecological restoration equipment and the compaction area met operational requirements. All equipment installation and commissioning were completed. Based on the preliminary geological survey results, a construction plan was developed that included each stage of construction, specifying the construction time, work teams, and equipment usage arrangements for each step, and marking the connection points between each step.

[0034] Simultaneously, the resource allocation coefficient for each construction step is calculated using the following formula: ,in, The planned duration for each construction step, This refers to the number of devices required for this step. This refers to the work area for this step. Weighted by duration, Weighted by the number of devices. The weight is the area of ​​work, which is determined by regression analysis of historical data from three similar riverbank leveling projects prior to construction.

[0035] Intelligent soil layer identification utilizes a ground-penetrating radar detection submodule equipped with replaceable antennas. The scanning line spacing is set according to the geological complexity of the construction area, and a comprehensive geological scan of the area is performed along a preset path, collecting data on soil layer distribution, thickness, and density. The collected raw data is transmitted to the soil layer data analysis submodule. First, a denoising algorithm is used to remove electromagnetic interference signals from the raw data. Then, image segmentation technology is used to process the soil layer profile image, dividing different soil layer interfaces based on the grayscale differences between gravel, silty sand, and clay layers. The physical properties of each soil layer, such as particle size distribution, moisture content, and porosity, are detected and recorded, generating a soil layer distribution map with specific depth ranges and key physical parameter values ​​for each layer. The map is exported to a common image format via a data export interface, providing accurate geological data support for subsequent compaction operations.

[0036] Dynamic parameter compaction is employed, setting corresponding compaction thicknesses for different soil types based on the generated soil layer distribution map. For gravel layers, the thickness is set according to the maximum particle size; for fine sand layers, the thickness is set based on the initial density value; and for clay layers, the thickness is set based on the plasticity index. Before starting the adjustable vibration frequency roller, its vibration and travel systems are fully tested to ensure that the vibration frequency adjustment range covers construction requirements and that the travel speed can be smoothly switched. The soil layers are compacted in layers according to the set path. During compaction, a portable ground radar detector is used to monitor the compaction degree and bearing capacity of the foundation in real time. After each adjustment of the roller's vibration frequency or travel speed, compaction is continued for a certain distance before testing again. The new test data is used to determine whether the parameter adjustments are appropriate.

[0037] Simultaneously, the dynamic compaction fit of the road roller is calculated using the following formula: ,in, This is the current vibration frequency of the road roller. The compaction compliance coefficient detected by ground-based radar is calculated by the ratio of the current detected compaction degree to the preset standard compaction degree. This represents the current speed of the road roller. The standard deviation of the first five compaction test data for this soil layer is used as the parameter adjustment factor. The goal is to approach 1, until the compaction quality of each soil layer reaches the preset standard.

[0038] The ecological layer is constructed simultaneously. After the final soil layer is compacted, the surface of the compacted layer is first cleaned of gravel and debris. A laying machine with a traction mechanism is used to mechanically unfold the plant fiber reinforcement mesh. Adjacent reinforcement meshes are connected by overlapping, and the overlap length is determined according to the material and width of the reinforcement mesh. Before sowing flood-tolerant plant seeds, the seeds are placed in a screening device to remove impurities, and then placed in a soaking device for soaking in warm water.

[0039] Drones equipped with quantitative seeding devices were used for seed sowing. Reasonable flight paths were set to ensure overlapping sowing areas between adjacent paths and consistent flight altitudes. Seeds were evenly sown on the surface of the reinforced mesh and the edges of the compacted layer at the set sowing density. The thickness of the ecological restoration layer was monitored in real time using a laser thickness gauge. Based on the monitoring results, the number of reinforced mesh layers or the seed sowing amount were adjusted promptly to ensure the ecological restoration layer met design requirements.

[0040] Post-construction testing involved using ground-penetrating radar to scan the entire leveled area and assess foundation compaction. Areas with abnormal data were marked, and soil samples were taken from these marked areas using a ring cutter method. These samples were then sent to a laboratory to test the actual compaction. Testing points were established in a grid pattern across the construction area, with each point tested three times and data recorded to assess foundation uniformity. The compacted layer surface was inspected section by section, recording locations of reinforcing mesh damage and voids, and checking the integrity of the reinforcing mesh installation and the uniformity of seed sowing. All test results were recorded, and a construction quality report was generated. Monitoring plots were evenly distributed throughout the construction area, and the number and height of vegetation plants in each plot were regularly counted to monitor vegetation growth. Drainage ditches were excavated around the perimeter of the area, with sand collection devices installed at the ends to regularly collect and weigh sediment, monitoring soil erosion.

[0041] Simultaneously, the comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological restoration layer is calculated using the following formula: ,in, For vegetation germination rate, For vegetation coverage, To monitor the quality of sediment collected during the monitoring period, To monitor the theoretical sediment loss corresponding to the total rainfall in the region during the monitoring period, As the germination rate weight, For coverage weight, The weights for soil erosion control were determined using the Delphi method. Throughout the construction process, the central control module received data transmitted from each device in real time, stored it chronologically to generate a construction process data ledger, and promptly issued warning signals and marked abnormal information when the received data exceeded the preset normal range.

[0042] In summary, this embodiment achieves efficient land leveling in riverbank areas through a complete technical process. By utilizing intelligent soil layer identification technology to accurately grasp geological conditions and combining it with dynamic parameter compaction technology, it effectively solves the problem of springy soil formation in silty fine sand layers, improving the compaction quality and uniformity of the foundation. Layered differentiated compaction and real-time parameter adjustment mechanisms significantly shorten the construction cycle, overcoming the time-consuming drawbacks of traditional drainage consolidation methods. The simultaneous construction of the ecological layer, through the laying of plant fiber reinforced mesh and the sowing of flood-resistant plant seeds, maximizes the protection of the original ecological environment, reduces soil erosion, and achieves simultaneous land leveling and ecological restoration. Post-construction testing shows that the foundation compaction degree, uniformity, and bearing capacity all meet design requirements. The comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological restoration layer shows good performance, vegetation growth is stable, and soil erosion is effectively controlled, providing a stable foundation for subsequent engineering construction. It also considers economic, social, and ecological benefits, demonstrating good potential for widespread application.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] This embodiment applies to a land leveling project in a seasonal riverbed area in a semi-arid region of northern China. This area experiences low annual rainfall, concentrated in the summer. The riverbed surface is primarily composed of fine sand, interspersed with thin layers of clay and lenses of gravel. The native vegetation consists mainly of drought-tolerant and infertile herbaceous plants. Overgrazing has led to vegetation degradation, and strong spring winds easily cause dust storms. This leveling project aims to achieve both land improvement and ecological sand fixation, providing a stable foundation for subsequent water-saving agricultural planting bases. Simultaneously, it must be adapted to the vegetation growth requirements under arid conditions, minimizing dust pollution and ecological disturbance during construction. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The specific details are as follows:

[0045] In the pre-construction preparation phase, a site survey of the construction area was conducted. A total station was used to determine the boundary coordinates of the construction area, and a topographic map was drawn. The locations of areas with concentrated degraded vegetation and seasonally waterlogged depressions were marked, and these areas were designated as key protection zones. Equipment deployment areas were divided according to the construction process. Soil layer identification, stratified compaction, ecological restoration, and central control equipment were placed sequentially, ensuring that the soil layer identification equipment's detection range covered all sand dunes and depressions, the stratified compaction equipment's operating radius covered the edge areas, and the distance between the ecological restoration equipment and the compaction area met the needs of seed sowing and reinforcing mesh laying. All equipment was installed and debugged. A construction plan was developed based on the preliminary geological survey results, clarifying the construction time, work teams, and equipment usage arrangements for each step, marking the connection points between each step, and avoiding scheduling earthwork operations during the spring windy season. Simultaneously, the resource allocation coefficients for each construction step were calculated using the following formula: .

[0046] Intelligent soil layer identification utilizes a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) submodule equipped with a low-frequency antenna. Considering the susceptibility of the fine sand layer in this area to wind-induced surface loosening, a scanning path with a relatively close scan line spacing is set. Geological scanning is conducted along a direction perpendicular to the dune orientation to collect data on soil layer distribution, thickness, and density, with a focus on capturing the distribution location of gravel lenses. The raw data is transmitted to the soil layer data analysis submodule. First, a denoising algorithm is used to remove electromagnetic noise caused by wind interference. Then, image segmentation technology is applied to process the soil layer profile image, defining the soil layer interfaces based on the grayscale differences between the fine sand, clay, and gravel layers. The particle size distribution, water content, and porosity of each soil layer are detected and recorded, generating a soil layer distribution map with labeled depth ranges and key physical parameters. This data is exported to a common image format via a data export interface, providing geological basis for subsequent differentiated compaction.

[0047] Dynamic parameter compaction is employed, with layer compaction thicknesses set based on soil layer distribution maps. For silty sand layers, a thinner compaction thickness is chosen based on their initial density to avoid dust generation. For clay layers, a moderate compaction thickness is set based on their plasticity index. For gravel lenses, the compaction thickness is set according to the maximum particle size. Before starting the adjustable-frequency roller, the vibration and travel systems are tested to ensure the vibration frequency adjustment range is suitable for the compaction requirements of the silty sand layers, and the travel speed can be smoothly switched at low speeds to reduce sand splashing. Layered compaction is carried out along a path "from depression to dune." During compaction, a portable ground radar detector is used to monitor the compaction degree and bearing capacity in real time. Each time the roller's vibration frequency or travel speed is adjusted, a test is performed after compaction for a certain distance to determine parameter suitability.

[0048] Simultaneously calculate the dynamic compaction fit of the road roller, using the following formula: The parameters are adjusted with the goal of making the dynamic compaction fit close to 1 until the compaction quality of each soil layer reaches the preset standard. During the compaction operation, water spraying devices are set up around the construction area to suppress the spread of dust.

[0049] The ecological layer is constructed simultaneously. After the final soil layer is compacted, loose sand and gravel on the surface of the compacted layer are first removed. A plant fiber reinforced mesh is then laid along the dune direction using a laying machine with a traction mechanism. Adjacent reinforced meshes are connected by overlapping, with the overlap length determined according to the wind conditions of the area. Before sowing flood-resistant and drought-resistant plant seeds, the seeds are placed in a screening device to remove impurities, then soaked in warm water with drought-resistant agents added to enhance seed resistance.

[0050] Seeds were sown using drones equipped with quantitative sowing devices. Flight paths were set parallel to the wind direction to ensure overlapping sowing areas of adjacent paths and consistent flight altitudes. Sowing density was appropriately increased in areas with concentrated degraded vegetation. The thickness of the ecological restoration layer was monitored using a laser thickness gauge. Based on the monitoring results, the number of reinforcing mesh layers or the amount of seeds sown were adjusted. An additional layer of reinforcing mesh was added to the top of the dunes to enhance sand fixation.

[0051] Post-construction testing involved using ground-penetrating radar to scan the entire leveled area and measure the compaction degree of the foundation. Areas with abnormal values ​​were marked, and soil samples were taken using the ring cutter method and sent to the laboratory for actual compaction degree testing. Testing points were laid out using a grid method, with each testing point tested three times and data recorded to assess the uniformity of the foundation. The integrity of the reinforcing mesh was checked section by section along the surface of the compacted layer, and the locations of damage and voids were recorded and repaired promptly. Monitoring plots were evenly distributed throughout the construction area, and the number and height of vegetation were regularly counted to monitor vegetation growth. Drainage ditches were excavated around the area, with sand collection devices installed at the ends to regularly collect and weigh sediment, monitoring the effectiveness of soil erosion control and windbreak / sand fixation.

[0052] The test results are recorded to generate a construction quality report, and the comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological restoration layer is calculated using the following formula: Throughout the construction process, data from each device is received through a central control module, stored in chronological order to generate a data ledger, and warning signals are issued and abnormal information is marked when the data exceeds the normal range.

[0053] In summary, this embodiment, tailored to the characteristics of riverbanks in semi-arid northern regions, achieved the coordinated advancement of land leveling and ecological restoration through an adapted construction scheme. Intelligent soil layer identification accurately captured the distribution of gravel lenses, providing a basis for differentiated compaction; dynamic parameter compaction, combined with low-speed operation and water spraying for dust suppression, effectively solved the dust problem during compaction of fine sand layers, improving foundation quality while reducing environmental disturbance; the addition of drought-resistant agents and optimized reinforcement mesh laying methods in the ecological layer construction adapted to arid and windy environments, significantly improving vegetation survival rate and sand-fixing effect. Post-construction testing showed that the uniformity of foundation compaction and bearing capacity met the requirements for water-saving agricultural planting base construction, the comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological restoration layer was high, vegetation coverage steadily increased, and spring dust and soil erosion were effectively controlled. This not only achieved efficient utilization of land resources but also improved the regional ecological environment, providing a feasible technical reference for similar riverbank leveling projects in arid regions.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for land leveling in riverbank areas, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Pre-construction preparation: Conduct on-site surveys of the riverbank construction area to clarify the construction scope, boundaries and surrounding ecological environment, mark areas requiring key protection, deploy soil layer identification, layered compaction, ecological restoration and central control related equipment, complete the installation and commissioning of each piece of equipment, and formulate a construction plan that includes the construction content of each stage based on the preliminary geological survey results. S2. Intelligent Soil Layer Identification: Using ground-penetrating radar, the construction area is geologically scanned along a preset path to collect data on soil layer distribution, thickness, and density. The collected raw data is transmitted to a data processing device, which processes the data to divide different soil layer interfaces, clarify the physical properties of each soil layer, and generate a soil layer distribution map. S3. Dynamic parameter compaction: Based on the soil layer distribution map, the corresponding compaction thickness is set for different soil layer types. The adjustable vibration frequency road roller is started and the soil layers are compacted in layers according to the set path. During the compaction process, the ground radar is used to detect the compaction degree and bearing capacity of the foundation in real time. Based on the data obtained from the detection, the vibration frequency and travel speed of the road roller are adjusted until the compaction quality of each soil layer reaches the preset standard. S4. Synchronous construction of ecological layer: After the final soil layer is compacted, plant fiber reinforcement net is laid on the surface of the compacted layer. A drone carrying a sowing device is used to sow flood-resistant plant seeds on the surface of the reinforcement net and the edge of the compacted layer according to the set sowing density. The thickness of the ecological restoration layer is monitored by thickness detection equipment, and the number of reinforcement net layers or the amount of seeds sown are adjusted according to the monitoring results. S5. Post-construction inspection: Use testing equipment to test the compaction, uniformity and bearing capacity of the foundation in the leveled area, check the integrity of the reinforcing mesh and the uniformity of seed sowing in the ecological restoration layer, record the test results and generate a construction quality report, and subsequently monitor the vegetation growth and soil erosion in the area regularly.

2. The method for land leveling in riverbank areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the pre-construction preparation, a total station is used to determine the boundary coordinates of the construction area during the site survey, and a topographic map is drawn, marking the locations of water accumulation points, protruding rocks, and native vegetation within the area. During equipment deployment, the equipment placement area is planned according to the construction process. The soil layer identification equipment's detection range covers the entire construction area, the layered compaction equipment's operating radius is without blind spots, and the distance between the ecological restoration equipment and the compaction area meets operational requirements. When formulating the construction plan, the construction duration, work teams, and equipment usage arrangements for each step from S2 to S5 are clearly defined, and the connection points between each step are marked. Simultaneously, the resource allocation coefficient for each construction step is calculated. The formula is as follows: ,in, The planned duration for each construction step, This refers to the number of devices required for this step. This refers to the work area for this step. Weighted by duration, Weighted by the number of devices. The weight is the area of ​​operation.

3. The method for land leveling in riverbank areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, intelligent soil layer identification, the scanning line spacing is set during ground-penetrating radar scanning. The spacing between adjacent scanning lines is determined according to the geological complexity of the construction area. During data processing, a denoising algorithm is first used to remove electromagnetic interference signals from the original data. Then, image segmentation technology is used to process the soil layer profile image to distinguish the grayscale differences between gravel, silty sand, and clay layers, thereby determining the soil layer interface. When clarifying the physical properties of each soil layer, the particle size distribution, water content, and porosity of each soil layer are detected and recorded. The generated soil layer distribution map needs to indicate the specific depth range and key physical parameter values ​​of each soil layer.

4. The method for leveling land in a riverbank area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, dynamic parameter compaction, when setting the compaction thickness, the thickness is set according to the maximum particle size of the gravel layer, the thickness is set according to the initial density value of the fine sand layer, and the thickness is set according to the plasticity index of the clay layer. Before starting the roller, its vibration system and travel system are adjusted to ensure that the vibration frequency adjustment range covers the construction requirements and the travel speed can be switched smoothly. When adjusting the roller parameters, after each adjustment, the roller is continuously compacted for a certain distance and then tested. The new test data is used to determine whether the parameter adjustment is appropriate until the compaction parameters suitable for the current soil layer are obtained. At the same time, the dynamic compaction adaptability of the roller is calculated. The formula is as follows: ,in, This is the current vibration frequency of the road roller. This represents the compaction compliance coefficient detected by ground-based radar. This represents the current speed of the road roller. This represents the standard deviation of the first five compaction test data for this soil layer.

5. A method for leveling land in a riverbank area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, during the synchronous construction of the ecological layer, before laying the plant fiber reinforcing mesh, the gravel and debris on the surface of the compacted layer are cleaned. During laying, the reinforcing mesh is unfolded by mechanical traction. Adjacent reinforcing meshes are connected by overlapping. The overlap length is determined according to the material and width of the reinforcing mesh. Before sowing the seeds of flood-resistant plants, the seeds are placed in a screening device to remove impurities and then placed in a soaking device to soak in warm water. When the drone sows the seeds, a flight path is set. The sowing areas between adjacent flight paths overlap, and the flight altitude remains consistent.

6. A method for leveling land in a riverbank area according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, post-construction testing, when testing the compaction degree of the foundation, a ground-penetrating radar is used for a full-area scan. Areas with abnormal values ​​in the scan data are marked, and soil samples are taken from the marked areas using the ring cutter method. The soil samples are sent to the laboratory to test the actual compaction degree. When testing the uniformity of the foundation, test points are set up in the construction area using a grid method. Each test point is tested three times and the data is recorded. When checking the integrity of the reinforcement mesh, it is inspected section by section along the surface of the compacted layer, and the locations of reinforcement mesh damage and voids are recorded. When monitoring vegetation growth, monitoring plots are set up in the construction area according to the principle of uniform distribution. The number and height of vegetation in each plot are counted. When monitoring soil erosion, runoff ditches are excavated around the area, and sand collection devices are set up at the end of the runoff ditches. The sediment is collected and weighed regularly. At the same time, the comprehensive evaluation index of the ecological restoration layer is calculated. The formula is as follows: ,in, For vegetation germination rate, For vegetation coverage, To monitor the quality of sediment collected during the monitoring period, To monitor the theoretical sediment loss corresponding to the total rainfall in the region during the monitoring period, As the germination rate weight, For coverage weight, Weighting for soil and water conservation.

7. A method for leveling land in a riverbank area according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the implementation of steps S2 to S5, a data connection is established with each device through the central control device to receive geological scanning data transmitted by ground penetrating radar, vibration frequency and travel speed data transmitted by road roller, flight trajectory and spreading amount data transmitted by UAV, and various detection data transmitted by detection equipment in real time. The central control device stores the received data in chronological order and generates a construction process data ledger. When the received data exceeds the preset normal range, the central control device issues a warning signal and marks the source and specific value of the abnormal data on the display interface.

8. A land leveling system for riverbank areas, applicable to the land leveling method for riverbank areas as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The system includes: a soil layer intelligent identification module, an intelligent layered compaction module, an ecological synchronous restoration module, and a central control module; The intelligent soil layer identification module includes a ground-penetrating radar detection submodule and a soil layer data analysis submodule. The ground-penetrating radar detection submodule is equipped with a mobile scanning device for collecting geological data in the construction area. The soil layer data analysis submodule is equipped with data storage and processing software for processing the collected data and generating a soil layer distribution map. The intelligent layered compaction module includes a vibration compaction execution submodule, a real-time detection submodule, a thickness control submodule, and a parameter adjustment submodule. The vibration compaction execution submodule is a road roller with an adjustable frequency vibration device, the real-time detection submodule is a portable ground radar detector, the thickness control submodule has a thickness setting and display unit, and the parameter adjustment submodule is connected to the road roller control system. The ecological synchronous restoration module includes a reinforced mesh laying submodule, a seed sowing submodule, and an ecological layer control submodule. The reinforced mesh laying submodule is a laying machine with a traction mechanism, the seed sowing submodule is a drone with a quantitative sowing device, and the ecological layer control submodule is a laser thickness detector. The central control module has a data receiving interface, a data storage unit, a display unit, and an alarm unit, which are connected to the above three modules via wired or wireless means.

9. A land leveling system for riverbank areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground-penetrating radar detection submodule of the soil layer intelligent identification module is equipped with a replaceable radar antenna, which can be replaced with antennas of different frequencies according to the detection depth requirements. The soil layer data analysis submodule has a data export interface, which can export the processed soil layer distribution map into a general image format. The central control module has a backup power supply, which can maintain the operation of the equipment for a short time when the external power supply is interrupted.

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