Fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen delivery pipe network for high-rise building

Abstract

The invention provides a fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen delivery pipe network for a high-rise building, which relates to the technical field of building fire-fighting pipe networks, and is characterized in that pipeline openings are formed in the same positions of upper and lower floors of each floor of a building main body, and a pipeline firewall is enclosed between the upper and lower pipeline openings to form a hollow building smoke exhaust pipeline which is communicated and connected among the floors; a smoke exhaust interface and an oxygen inlet interface are respectively formed in each floor pipeline firewall; each floor of the building main body can be communicated with a building smoke exhaust pipeline through a smoke exhaust connector, and an outdoor smoke exhaust port is formed in the top end of the building main body; an independent oxygen conveying pipeline is arranged in the building smoke exhaust pipeline, and each floor is externally connected with an oxygen inlet pipeline through the oxygen inlet interface and is connected with indoor aerobic equipment; an outdoor oxygen ground air inlet communicated with the oxygen conveying pipeline is formed in the near-ground outer part of the building main body; a fire-fighting special power supply circuit independently supplying power is arranged in the building smoke exhaust pipeline, and a fire-fighting distribution box connected with the special power supply circuit is arranged outside the building body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building fire protection pipe network technology, and more specifically, to fire smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipe networks for high-rise buildings. Background Technology

[0002] When a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, the escape of people is a major challenge. Current fire safety designs for high-rise buildings generally lack effective escape plans for trapped individuals. Trapped people often suffocate from inhaling toxic fumes or run out of oxygen and cannot survive.

[0003] Existing oxygen supply solutions mostly rely on oxygen storage equipment, which has drawbacks such as limited oxygen supply time, large storage space, and explosion risk; while smoke exhaust and power supply systems often fail due to fire damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply network for high-rise buildings. Through an innovative pipeline structure design, it integrates building smoke exhaust pipes, natural oxygen supply pipes, and fire-fighting dedicated circuits into one unit, achieving synchronous smoke exhaust, continuous oxygen supply, and reliable power supply in the event of a fire.

[0005] The core technical solution of this invention is a fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipeline network for high-rise buildings, comprising: pipe openings at the same location on the upper and lower floor slabs of each floor of the main building, with a fire wall enclosing the pipe openings to form a hollow building smoke exhaust pipeline that connects all floors; smoke exhaust interfaces and oxygen inlet interfaces are respectively provided on the fire wall of the pipeline on each floor; each floor of the main building can be connected to the building smoke exhaust pipeline through the smoke exhaust interfaces; the building smoke exhaust pipeline has an outdoor smoke exhaust outlet at the top of the main building; an independent oxygen supply pipeline vertically penetrating each floor is installed inside the building smoke exhaust pipeline, and each floor has an oxygen inlet pipeline connected to the oxygen inlet interface, and the oxygen inlet pipeline is connected to indoor oxygen-requiring equipment; an outdoor oxygen ground inlet connected to the oxygen supply pipeline is provided near the ground of the main building; an independently powered fire-fighting dedicated circuit is installed inside the building smoke exhaust pipeline, and a fire-fighting distribution box connected to the dedicated circuit is provided outside the main building.

[0006] Furthermore, each floor of the building is equipped with an indoor smoke exhaust duct, which is connected to the building's smoke exhaust duct through the smoke exhaust interface and is also connected to the indoor smoke exhaust equipment.

[0007] Furthermore, the indoor smoke exhaust duct is equipped with a smoke exhaust fan and a flue gas check valve, and the oxygen inlet duct is equipped with an electric check valve.

[0008] Furthermore, both the outdoor smoke exhaust vent and the outdoor oxygen ground air inlet are equipped with protective covers.

[0009] Furthermore, an outdoor oxygen high-altitude air inlet is provided at the top of the main building or on the exterior of the upper floors. The outdoor oxygen high-altitude air inlet is connected to the oxygen supply pipeline and is independently spaced from the outdoor smoke exhaust outlet through a smoke exhaust diversion pipeline.

[0010] Furthermore, protective covers are provided on the outdoor smoke exhaust outlet, the outdoor oxygen ground air inlet, and the outdoor oxygen high-altitude air inlet.

[0011] Furthermore, both the indoor oxygen demand equipment and the indoor smoke exhaust equipment are fire-fighting chambers.

[0012] The fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipeline network for high-rise buildings provided by this invention has the following advantages: it can directly draw natural air from the outside as an oxygen source, eliminating the need for oxygen production or storage, ensuring uninterrupted oxygen supply, without limitations on oxygen storage capacity, storage equipment volume, time, or explosion hazards, thus achieving continuous natural oxygen supply; the smoke exhaust systems on each floor can operate independently yet synchronously, quickly exhausting smoke outdoors through shared vertical pipes; the independent fire-fighting dedicated circuit is protected by the pipeline firewall, ensuring continuous power supply to fire-fighting equipment during a fire, with safe and reliable power supply; by utilizing existing building pipe shafts or designing new vertical pipes, the three major functions are integrated into one pipe, reducing the occupation of indoor space, and is suitable for the renovation of existing buildings in addition to new construction; this pipeline network system provides infrastructure for connecting fire-fighting cabins, facilitating the creation of a fireproof, smoke-free, and continuously oxygen-supplying living space. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipeline network structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 A plan view of the fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipeline network provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe openings on each floor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a top view of the pipe opening of a building smoke exhaust duct provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a building smoke exhaust duct structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an oxygen delivery pipeline structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fire protection dedicated circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the outdoor oxygen high-altitude air inlet and outdoor smoke exhaust outlet provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the protective cover structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the indoor smoke exhaust duct and oxygen inlet duct provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 000 - Building structure; 010 - Floor slab; 020 - Pipe opening; 030 - Pipe firewall; 031 - Smoke exhaust interface; 032 - Oxygen inlet interface; 040 - Indoor oxygen demand equipment;

[0026] 100 - Building smoke exhaust duct; 110 - Indoor smoke exhaust duct; 111 - Smoke exhaust fan; 112 - Smoke backflow preventer; 120 - Outdoor smoke exhaust outlet; 121 - Smoke exhaust diversion duct;

[0027] 200 - Oxygen delivery pipeline; 210 - Oxygen inlet pipeline; 211 - Electric check valve; 212 - Oxygen supply fan; 220 - Outdoor oxygen ground inlet; 230 - Outdoor oxygen high-altitude inlet; 231 - Protective cover;

[0028] 300 - Fire protection dedicated circuit; 310 - Fire protection distribution box. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] Example 1: Basic System Structure

[0031] refer to Figures 1 to 9This embodiment describes a fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipeline network used in a high-rise residential building. It is applicable to the pre-set fire-fighting pipeline network system of newly built buildings and the overall pipeline network system connecting the pipes and equipment in the room during the renovation of existing buildings.

[0032] For the pre-installed fire protection piping system of newly constructed buildings, such as Figure 1 and 3 As shown, on each floor of the main building 000, vertically aligned pipe openings 020 are provided near the corner of the floor slab 010. The vertical pipe openings 020 are enclosed by a pipe firewall 030, forming a hollow vertical shaft running from the ground floor to the top floor, which is the building's smoke exhaust duct 100. The pipe firewall 030 is made of fire-resistant material and has a specified fire resistance rating to ensure that fire cannot spread through this duct.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, smoke exhaust interfaces 031 are provided on the pipe firewalls 030 on each floor. Each floor can be connected to the building smoke exhaust pipe 100 through the smoke exhaust interfaces 031. The pre-set pipe network system limits the inlet pipe network or equipment connected to the smoke exhaust interfaces 031. At the top of the building smoke exhaust pipe 100, an outdoor smoke exhaust outlet 120 is provided to discharge the collected smoke from the building.

[0034] Combination Figure 3 and 4 As shown, an independent, vertically running oxygen supply pipe 200 is installed inside the building's smoke exhaust duct 100, penetrating all floors. This pipe is constructed of non-combustible or flame-retardant materials (such as PVC or metal pipes). Figure 1 and 6 As shown, on each floor, an oxygen inlet pipe 210 can be connected from the oxygen supply pipe 200 via a tee connector, etc. This pipe passes through the oxygen inlet interface 032 on the pipe firewall 030 and connects to the indoor oxygen-requiring equipment 040 (such as a fire-fighting cabin). Near the ground level on the exterior of the building, an outdoor oxygen ground inlet 220 is provided, connected to the bottom of the oxygen supply pipe 200.

[0035] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, within the building's smoke exhaust duct 100 at the top of the building, the top of the oxygen supply duct 200 is also connected to an outdoor high-altitude oxygen inlet 230. For example... Figure 8 As shown, this high-altitude air inlet 230 is spatially separated from the outdoor smoke outlet 120 by a smoke diversion pipe 121 to prevent the exhausted smoke from being re-inhaled. Preferably, as Figure 2 and 9 As shown, all outdoor air inlets are equipped with protective covers 231 to prevent rainwater and foreign objects from entering.

[0036] Within the building's smoke exhaust duct 100, a dedicated fire protection circuit 300 is also installed, such as... Figure 7 As shown, this circuit is independent of the residents' daily electricity use, and the wires are fire-resistant cables. It is powered by a dedicated fire-fighting distribution box 310 located outside the building, ensuring that in the event of a power outage, the emergency generator set can continuously provide power to the smoke exhaust fans and oxygen supply fans on each floor.

[0037] For applications involving the renovation of existing buildings, combined with Figure 10 As shown, each floor is equipped with an independent indoor smoke exhaust duct 110, one end of which is connected to the building smoke exhaust duct 100 through a smoke exhaust interface 031, and the other end extends to the space or equipment on this floor that may require smoke exhaust, such as directly connecting to the fire compartment.

[0038] Preferably, an exhaust fan 111 and a flue gas check valve 112 are installed on the indoor exhaust duct 110. After the exhaust fan 111 is working, it draws in the smoke from this floor and enters the building exhaust duct 100 through the exhaust port 031. Due to the combined action of thermal pressure and the fan, the smoke flows upward and is finally discharged from the outdoor exhaust port 120 at the top. An electric check valve 211 is installed on the oxygen inlet duct 210. When exhausting smoke, oxygen can be delivered at the same time. After the smoke is discharged into the room and a negative pressure is generated, the electric check valve 211 is opened, and oxygen can be drawn into the room through the negative pressure, while preventing backflow.

[0039] Preferably, an oxygen supply fan 212 is also installed on the oxygen inlet pipe 210 to further improve the oxygen delivery effect.

[0040] When a fire occurs on a floor of the building, the smoke exhaust fan 111 and oxygen supply fan 212 on that floor and adjacent floors will be automatically or manually activated. The smoke exhaust system will vent indoor smoke into the building's smoke exhaust duct 100 and then to the roof for discharge. Simultaneously, the oxygen supply system will draw in fresh air from both the ground and high-altitude entrances via oxygen delivery pipes 200 and deliver it to fire-fighting chambers or enclosed spaces via oxygen inlet pipes 210, providing the oxygen necessary for life to trapped personnel. Independent fire protection circuits ensure the normal operation of all these devices during a fire.

[0041] Example 2: Run-through Test

[0042] To verify the feasibility and technical effectiveness of the present invention, an operational test was conducted in an 18-story unfinished frame structure residential building.

[0043] 1. Oxygen pipeline operation test

[0044] Objective: To verify whether a vacuum phenomenon exists when all floors share a single oxygen supply pipeline; to test the synchronicity of the operation of the fans on each floor and the consistency of the exhaust flow rate; and to compare the performance differences between single and dual outdoor air inlets.

[0045] Methods and Materials: PVC pipes with a diameter of 160mm were laid vertically for approximately 62 meters (simulating high-rise piping), with outdoor air inlets installed on the 1st and 17th floors. A 1.1kW centrifugal fan was installed on each floor. An anemometer was used for monitoring.

[0046] Steps and results:

[0047] Step 1 (Only the air inlet on the 1st floor is open): The fans on all floors start synchronously (error ±1 second), there is no vacuum in the oxygen supply pipeline, and oxygen supply is normal. The air velocity at the air inlet on the 1st floor is about 22m / s, and the air velocity at the air outlet on each floor is 5-6m / s.

[0048] Step Two (Only the 17th-floor air inlet is open): The result is similar to Step One, with all fans operating synchronously and no vacuum in the ductwork. The air velocity at the 17th-floor air inlet is approximately 26 m / s, and the air velocity at the air outlets on each floor is 5-6 m / s.

[0049] Step 3 (Simultaneously open the air inlets on the 1st and 17th floors): The system operates at its optimal speed. All fans work synchronously, and there is no vacuum in the ductwork. The air velocity at the air inlets on the 1st and 17th floors is 20 m / s and 19 m / s respectively, and the air velocity at the air outlets on each floor is increased to 6-7 m / s.

[0050] Conclusion: As a vertical pipeline shared by all floors, the oxygen supply pipeline does not exhibit vacuum phenomena when multiple fans are operating simultaneously, and the fans exhibit good synchronization. Setting up two outdoor air inlets at different heights (ground level and high altitude) in high-rise buildings can effectively improve the total air intake of the system and the air output effect of each floor.

[0051] Furthermore, after connecting the synchronized smoke exhaust and oxygen supply chambers, the smoke exhaust and oxygen supply functions of each fire-fighting compartment were normal; although the lengths of the oxygen inlet pipes connected to each compartment were different, the smoke exhaust and oxygen supply effects were the same. After multiple compartments were opened simultaneously, the smoke exhaust and oxygen supply actions of each compartment were synchronized. Opening one or two outdoor air inlets had no significant negative impact on the smoke exhaust and oxygen supply effects inside the compartments, and the dual-inlet system performed better.

[0052] The high-rise building fire smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipeline system of the present invention solves the core problems of smoke exhaust, oxygen supply and power supply in high-rise building fires through integrated design. The operation test fully proves the feasibility and reliability of the system. In particular, its continuous natural oxygen supply and the synchronous operation of multiple devices provide effective life protection for trapped people in high-rise building fires and make up for the major defects of existing fire protection design.

[0053] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0055] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0056] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipe network for high-rise buildings, characterized in that, The building main body is provided with pipeline openings at the same position of the upper and lower floors, and a pipeline firewall is arranged between the upper and lower pipeline openings to form a building smoke exhaust pipeline which is connected between floors and hollow inside, and a smoke exhaust interface and an oxygen inlet interface are arranged on the pipeline firewall of each floor. The building smoke exhaust pipeline is connected to the building smoke exhaust pipeline through the smoke exhaust interface, and an outdoor smoke exhaust opening is arranged at the top of the building main body. An independent oxygen supply pipeline is arranged in the building smoke exhaust pipeline, and an oxygen inlet pipeline is connected to the oxygen inlet interface of each floor, and the oxygen inlet pipeline is connected to indoor oxygen equipment. An independent fire supply circuit is arranged in the building smoke exhaust pipeline, and a fire distribution box is arranged outside the building main body and connected to the supply circuit.

2. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipe network for high-rise buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, An indoor smoke exhaust pipeline is arranged in each floor of the building main body, and the indoor smoke exhaust pipeline is connected to the building smoke exhaust pipeline through the smoke exhaust interface and connected to indoor smoke exhaust equipment.

3. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipe network for high-rise buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that, An exhaust fan and a smoke check valve are arranged on the indoor smoke exhaust pipeline, and an electric check valve is arranged on the oxygen inlet pipeline.

4. The fire-fighting, smoke-venting, and oxygen-supplying pipe network for high-rise buildings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Protective covers are arranged on the outdoor smoke exhaust opening and the outdoor oxygen ground inlet.

5. The fire-fighting, smoke-venting, and oxygen-supplying pipe network for high-rise buildings according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, An outdoor oxygen high-altitude inlet is arranged at the top of the building main body or outside the high-rise building, and the outdoor oxygen high-altitude inlet is connected to the oxygen supply pipeline and independently spaced from the outdoor smoke exhaust opening through a smoke exhaust shunt pipeline.

6. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipe network for high-rise buildings according to claim 5, characterized in that, Protective covers are arranged on the outdoor smoke exhaust opening, the outdoor oxygen ground inlet, and the outdoor oxygen high-altitude inlet.

7. The fire-fighting smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipe network for high-rise buildings according to claim 6, characterized in that, The indoor oxygen equipment and the indoor smoke exhaust equipment are fireproof cabins.

8. The fire smoke exhaust and oxygen supply pipe network for high-rise buildings according to any one of claims 7, characterized in that, An oxygen supply fan is arranged on the oxygen inlet pipeline.

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