Space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-view field modulation coding

Abstract

The invention relates to a space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-view field modulation coding, and relates to the technical field of modulation coding, detector multiplexing and space-based infrared staring imaging systems. The system comprises a front lens group, a sub-view-field modulation coding element, a rear lens group and a detector multiplexing assembly which are sequentially arranged along a light incidence direction. According to the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-view-field modulation coding, the function integrated design of detector multiplexing and sub-view-field modulation is achieved, and the problems that a traditional space-based infrared early warning system is large in weight, large in size, high in cost, high in requirement for the detector manufacturing process and the like are solved; and a lightweight architecture form is provided for realizing large-view-field real-time staring imaging by a single spatial load.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of modulation coding, detector multiplexing, space-based infrared staring imaging system, and particularly relates to a space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding. BACKGROUND

[0002] The space-based infrared staring imaging system is one of the important application directions of space optical detection, and is widely used for monitoring high-temperature radiation targets on the earth's surface and near-earth space, especially infrared point sources with high-speed motion characteristics, such as aircraft exhaust, space debris combustion or other transient thermal events. In recent years, with the continuous progress of satellite platforms, launch vehicles and infrared detector manufacturing processes, it has become possible to build a space infrared observation system with high resolution and large coverage. However, due to the limitations of the size of the current detector array, the size of the pixel and the detection sensitivity, the system still has bottlenecks in the expansion of the field of view (FOV). Limited detector array often cannot balance high-resolution imaging and large-scale coverage, making it difficult for a single satellite to achieve continuous staring observation of a large area, especially to ensure stable capture and continuous tracking of fast-moving targets. Therefore, how to realize large field of view, high resolution imaging and dynamic target recognition under the condition of limited detector has become a technical challenge that needs to be solved in the current space infrared observation field.

[0003] To break through the contradiction between the size of the detector and the field of view, existing research has proposed a variety of solutions. For example, the push-broom imaging mode relies on satellite orbit motion to achieve large-scale coverage, but this mode puts forward very high requirements for platform attitude stability and on-orbit data processing capability, and the target is easy to be missed due to insufficient time sampling within the imaging period; multi-satellite networking cooperation can alleviate the coverage deficiency of a single satellite to some extent, but the implementation cost of its constellation scale, on-orbit formation control and high-speed data transmission link is very high; the development of large-array high-sensitivity detectors can directly expand the system field of view, but it is subject to manufacturing process difficulty and cost, and it is currently difficult to meet the engineering application requirements. In addition, some methods try to achieve wide monitoring through optical structure optimization or multi-focal plane detection, but it is often difficult to balance resolution, sensitivity and real-time performance in complex target scenarios. These solutions have their own advantages, but they all have problems such as high implementation complexity, poor engineering adaptability or high cost, which are not enough to support large-scale applications and cannot fundamentally break through the bottleneck of detector manufacturing process. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application solves the technical problems in the prior art that the space-based infrared early warning system has large weight and volume, high cost and manufacturing requirements, and the selection between the size of the detector and the field of view cannot balance resolution, sensitivity and real-time performance, and provides a space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] A space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding, comprising, in sequence along the light incident direction: a front lens group, a sub-field modulation coding element, a rear lens group, and a detector multiplexing assembly;

[0007] The front lens group is used to bear the system optical power and form an intermediate image plane;

[0008] The sub-field modulation coding element is arranged at the intermediate image plane and is used to realize modulation coding of different field partitions by the system;

[0009] The rear lens group is used to transmit and realize focusing imaging;

[0010] The detector multiplexing assembly is used to fold the light path and receive the large field imaging image by a facet array detector.

[0011] In the above technical scheme, the detector multiplexing assembly is spliced by four plane mirrors and has a tetrahedron shape, and is used to converge the large field imaging light on the same facet array detector by folding the light path.

[0012] In the above technical scheme, the sub-field modulation coding element is a cylindrical mirror with Y-direction curvature.

[0013] In the above technical scheme, the sub-field modulation coding element is a phase plate.

[0014] In the above technical scheme, the light path structure composed of the front lens group, the sub-field modulation coding element, and the rear lens group is a refractive structure.

[0015] In the above technical scheme, the materials of the lenses in the front lens group, the sub-field modulation coding element, and the rear lens group are SILICA, GERMANIUM, or ZNS.

[0016] In the above technical scheme, the front lens group comprises, in sequence along the light incident direction: a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens; the first lens is a positive meniscus lens, the second lens is a negative meniscus lens, the third lens is a positive meniscus lens, the fourth lens is a negative meniscus lens, the fifth lens is a double convex lens; and the sub-field modulation coding element is a sixth lens.

[0017] The air gap between the first lens and the second lens is 17.623 mm, the air gap between the second lens and the third lens is 21.186 mm, the air gap between the third lens and the fourth lens is 33.807 mm, the air gap between the fourth lens and the fifth lens is 25.872 mm, and the air gap between the fifth lens and the sixth lens is 38.999 mm.

[0018] In the technical scheme, the rear lens group comprises, in sequence along the light incidence direction: a seventh lens, an eighth lens, a ninth lens, a tenth lens, an eleventh lens, a twelfth lens and a thirteenth lens; the seventh lens is a negative meniscus lens, the eighth lens is a negative meniscus lens, the ninth lens is a positive meniscus lens, the tenth lens is a positive meniscus lens, the eleventh lens is a negative meniscus lens, the twelfth lens is a positive meniscus lens, and the thirteenth lens is a positive meniscus lens; the sub-field modulation coding element is the sixth lens; and the detector multiplexing assembly is the fourteenth lens.

[0019] The air gap between the sixth lens and the seventh lens is 50.744 mm, the air gap between the seventh lens and the eighth lens is 20.644 mm, the air gap between the eighth lens and the ninth lens is 21.178 mm, the air gap between the ninth lens and the tenth lens is 99.725 mm, the air gap between the tenth lens and the eleventh lens is 20.722 mm, the air gap between the eleventh lens and the twelfth lens is 31.290 mm, the air gap between the twelfth lens and the thirteenth lens is 45.512 mm, and the air gap between the thirteenth lens and the fourteenth lens is 7 mm.

[0020] The present application has the following advantages:

[0021] The space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the present application realizes the integrated design of the functions of detector multiplexing and sub-field modulation, solves the problems of the traditional space-based infrared early warning system, such as large weight, large size, high cost, high requirement for the manufacturing process of the detector, and the like, and provides a light-weight architecture for a single space load to realize large-field real-time staring imaging. Specifically:

[0022] Small array realizes large field of view, light structure and strong real-time performance: through light path folding design, the multi-field light is aggregated to the imaging surface of a single small array detector, realizing low-power and low-cost large field of view imaging, while avoiding the problems of large size, large weight and insufficient real-time performance caused by traditional solutions such as scanning imaging and detector splicing, and being particularly suitable for continuous monitoring of fast-moving infrared targets.

[0023] Field partition modulation and marking: by introducing a partition modulation element (such as a cylindrical lens, a phase plate, etc.), different field regions of light are introduced with distinguishable geometric or phase modulation, so that the imaging spot has a field-dependent shape feature, which facilitates subsequent algorithms to quickly distinguish the source of targets in different fields of view, and improves the target positioning capability under multi-field fusion.

[0024] Compatibility and expansibility: the optical design of the imaging system can be combined with various backend image processing algorithms and signal recognition methods, adapt to different task requirements, and be expanded to multispectral or other imaging application scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a working principle schematic diagram of the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a light path structure schematic diagram of the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application.

[0028] Figure 3 It is an MTF curve schematic diagram of the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a point column schematic diagram of the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a point column schematic diagram of the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application after sub-field modulation coding.

[0031] Figures 3-5 In the specific embodiments, Zemax is an optical design and simulation software suite of the American Ansys company; Zemax OpticStudio 19.4 is a Zemax core module, supports imaging, illumination and laser system design, is applied to fields such as aerospace engineering, astronomical exploration, biomedical research and consumer electronics, and provides optical modeling, performance optimization and tolerance analysis functions.

[0032] The reference signs in the drawings are represented as:

[0033] 1-first lens; 2-second lens; 3-third lens; 4-fourth lens; 5-fifth lens;

[0034] 6-sixth lens; 7-seventh lens; 8-eighth lens; 9-ninth lens; 10-tenth lens;

[0035] 11-eleventh lens; 12-twelfth lens; 13-thirteenth lens; 14-fourteenth lens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The inventive idea of the application is:

[0037] The space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application, under the premise of applying the alias image target recognition and positioning algorithm based on sub-field modulation coding, proposes the idea of infrared detector multiplexing imaging in a large field of view, adopts the detector multiplexing-sub-field modulation coding method, and makes the light originally imaged on a large array detector fold and image on a small array detector after modulation coding, thereby designing the space-based infrared staring imaging system under detector multiplexing based on the small target surface detector, realizing space-based infrared wide detection with the advantages of low power consumption and low cost of the small target surface detector, and breaking through the bottleneck of the limitation of infrared detector manufacturing process in large field of view imaging of an infrared optical system.

[0038] The space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application introduces a coding modulation module at the front end of the optical system, folds and compresses the multi-field light originally required to cover the large array focal plane to image on a single small array detector, thereby significantly reducing the scale and manufacturing difficulty of the detector.

[0039] The application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] The space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application, as shown in Figure 1 and 2 , is provided with, in sequence along the light incidence direction: a front lens group, a sub-field modulation coding element, a rear lens group, and a detector multiplexing assembly. The optical path structure composed of the front lens group, the sub-field modulation coding element, and the rear lens group is a refractive structure, which is composed of 13 lenses (6 spherical lenses, 6 aspherical lenses, and 1 cylindrical lens), and the lens material includes SILICA, GERMANIUM, or ZNS. The detector multiplexing assembly is spliced by four plane mirrors and has a tetrahedral shape as a whole, and through the folding effect of the optical path, the large field of view imaging light is converged on a single small array detector.

[0041] The specific optical path working mode of the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding of the application is that the optical system in the coaxial catadioptric form is used for full-aperture imaging. The front lens group is used to bear the optical power of the system and form an intermediate image plane; the sub-field modulation coding element is arranged at the intermediate image plane and is used to realize modulation coding of different field partitions of the system; the rear lens group is used to transmit and realize focusing imaging; and the detector multiplexing assembly is used to fold the optical path and receive the large field of view imaging image with a small array detector.

[0042] As shown in Figure 2As shown, the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing and field-of-view modulation coding of the present invention uses a detector multiplexing component to receive a large field-of-view image with a small-area array detector, and then uses a field-of-view modulation coding element to perform partitioned modulation coding on targets in different field-of-view regions on the aliased image. This achieves space-based infrared wide-swath detection by leveraging the advantages of low power consumption and low cost of the small-area detector. The system focal length of the present invention is -121.218mm, the total lens length is 575.104mm, the spectral range is 3μm-5μm, the system aperture is 60.7mm, and the field of view is φ30 degrees. The imaging quality has a full-field-of-view wavelet aberration better than 1 / 15λ, and the F-number is 2. The specific parameters of the selected small-area array detector are: 1024×1024 pixels, and a pixel size of 15μm.

[0043] In the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing field-of-view modulation coding of the present invention:

[0044] The front lens group includes, in sequence along the direction of light incidence: first lens 1, second lens 2, third lens 3, fourth lens 4 and fifth lens 5; first lens 1 is a positive meniscus lens, second lens 2 is a negative meniscus lens, third lens 3 is a positive meniscus lens, fourth lens 4 is a negative meniscus lens, and fifth lens 5 is a biconvex lens;

[0045] The field-of-view modulation coding element is the sixth lens 6. In this embodiment, the sixth lens 6 is a cylindrical mirror with curvature in the Y direction. The Y direction refers to the vertical direction of the incident light, i.e., the meridional direction. Correspondingly, the X direction is the horizontal direction of the incident light, i.e., the sagittal direction. In other specific embodiments, the sixth lens 6 can also be a phase plate.

[0046] The rear lens group, along the direction of light incidence, includes, in sequence: seventh lens 7, eighth lens 8, ninth lens 9, tenth lens 10, eleventh lens 11, twelfth lens 12, and thirteenth lens 13; seventh lens 7 is a negative meniscus lens, eighth lens 8 is a negative meniscus lens, ninth lens 9 is a positive meniscus lens, tenth lens 10 is a positive meniscus lens, eleventh lens 11 is a negative meniscus lens, twelfth lens 12 is a positive meniscus lens, and thirteenth lens 13 is a positive meniscus lens;

[0047] The detector multiplexing component is the fourteenth lens 14, which is composed of four plane mirrors spliced ​​together.

[0048] The air gap between the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 is 17.623 mm; the air gap between the second lens 2 and the third lens 3 is 21.186 mm; the air gap between the third lens 3 and the fourth lens 4 is 33.807 mm; the air gap between the fourth lens 4 and the fifth lens 5 is 25.872 mm; the air gap between the fifth lens 5 and the sixth lens 6 is 38.999 mm; the air gap between the sixth lens 6 and the seventh lens 7 is 50.744 mm; and the air gap between the seventh lens 7 and the eighth lens 8 is... The air gap between the eighth lens 8 and the ninth lens 9 is 21.178 mm, the air gap between the ninth lens 9 and the tenth lens 10 is 99.725 mm, the air gap between the tenth lens 10 and the eleventh lens 11 is 20.722 mm, the air gap between the eleventh lens 11 and the twelfth lens 12 is 31.290 mm, the air gap between the twelfth lens 12 and the thirteenth lens 13 is 45.512 mm, and the air gap between the thirteenth lens 13 and the fourteenth lens 14 is 7 mm.

[0049] Lens 1 is made of SILICON glass, Lens 2 is made of GERMANIUM glass, Lens 3 is made of GERMANIUM glass, Lens 4 is made of GERMANIUM glass, Lens 5 is made of SILICON glass, Lens 6 is made of SILICON glass, Lens 7 is made of GERMANIUM glass, Lens 8 is made of ZNS_BROAD glass, Lens 9 is made of SILICON glass, Lens 10 is made of SILICON glass, Lens 11 is made of GERMANIUM glass, Lens 12 is made of SILICON glass, and Lens 13 is made of GERMANIUM glass.

[0050] In the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing field-of-view modulation coding of the present invention, each lens of the optical system satisfies the following condition:

[0051] (1) The optical characteristics of the first lens 1 are:

[0052] -0.8f<f1<-0.3f, 3<n1<4, 0.7f1<R1<1.3f1, 1.2f1<R2<1.8f1, D1=10.782, D2=9.392;

[0053] (2) The optical characteristics of the second lens 2 are:

[0054] 0.2f<f2<0.6f, 3.5<n2<4.5, -1.6f2<R3<-1.2f2, -f2<R4<-0.7f2, D3=8.231, D4=13.839, 0.2<κ1<0.3;

[0055] (3) The optical characteristics of the third lens 3 are:

[0056] -1.7f<f3<-1.3f, 3.5<n3<4.5, 0.9f3<R5<1.3f3, 1.5f3<R6<1.8f3, D5=7.347, D6=26.753;

[0057] (4) The optical characteristics of the fourth lens 4 are:

[0058] 0.9f<f4<1.1f, 3.5<n4<4.5, 1.5f4<R7<1.9f4, 4.1f4<R8<4.4f4, D7=7.055, D8=18.682, 7<κ2<8;

[0059] (5) The optical characteristics of the fifth lens 5 are:

[0060] -0.7f<f5<-0.3f, 3<n5<4, 2.5f5<R9<2.8f5, -30f5<R 10 <-27f5, D9 = 7.190, D 10 =34.399;

[0061] (6) The optical characteristics of the sixth lens 6 are:

[0062] f< <f6,3<n6<4,R 11 ≈+∞,R 12 ≈-1500, D 11 =4.600, D 12 =36.596;

[0063] (7) The optical characteristics of the seventh lens 7 are:

[0064] 1.7f<-229.814f7<2.1f, 3.5<n7<4.5, 0.2f7<R 13 <0.6f7, 0.7f7 <R 14 <1.1f7, D 13 =14.148, D 14 =6.430, -5 < κ3 < -4;

[0065] (8) The optical characteristics of the eighth lens 8 are:

[0066] 2.5f<f8<2.9f, 1.3<n8<3, 0.5f8<R15 <0.7f8, f8<R 16 <1.4f8, D 15 =14.214, D 16 =5.177, 5.5 < κ4 < 6.1;

[0067] (9) The optical characteristics of the ninth lens 9 are:

[0068] -f<f9<-0.3f, 3<n9<4, -4f9<R 17 <-3f9, -2f9<R 18 <-f9,D 17 =16.001, D 18 =83.803;

[0069] (10) The optical characteristics of the tenth lens 10 are:

[0070] -0.9f<f 10 <-0.3f, 3<n 10 <4, f 10 <R 19 <2f 10 , 4f 10 <R 20 <4.8f 10 D 19 =15.921, D 20 =5.002;

[0071] (11) The optical characteristics of the eleventh lens 11 are:

[0072] 0.2f < f 11 <0.7f, 3.5<n 11 <4.5, -9.1f 11 <R 21 <-8.3f 11 -2.5f 11 <R 22 <-1.9f 11 D 21 =15.720, D 22 =15.332;

[0073] (12) The optical characteristics of the twelfth lens 12 are:

[0074] -0.8f<f 12 <-0.3f, 3<n 12 <4, 1.2f 12 <R 23 <1.7f 12 ,3f 12 <R 24 <-3.3f12 D 23 =15.959, D 24 =29.514;

[0075] (13) The optical characteristics of the thirteenth lens 13 are:

[0076] -33f < 3792.076f 13 <-30f, 3.5<n 13 <4.5, 0.01f13<R 25 <0.02f13, 0.009f 13 <R 26 <0.017f 13 D 25 =15.998, D 26 =7.000, 0.1<κ5<0.14, 0.17<κ6<0.22;

[0077] Where f is the overall focal length of the optical system; f1, f2, f3...f 13 These are the first lens 1, the second lens 2, the third lens 3, ..., the thirteenth lens 13, and their focal lengths: R1, R2, R3...R 26 These are the radii of curvature of the twenty-six surfaces of the thirteen lenses arranged sequentially along the direction of light incidence; n1, n2, n3...n 13 These are the refractive indices of the thirteen lenses arranged sequentially along the direction of light incidence; D1, D2...D... 26 These are the thicknesses of the twenty-six surfaces of the thirteen lenses arranged sequentially along the incident direction of light. The lenses in this configuration include: second lens 2, fourth lens 4, seventh lens 7, eighth lens 8, and thirteenth lens 13, all of which are aspherical lenses, while the rest are spherical lenses; κ1, κ2, κ3, κ4, κ5, and κ6 are the aspherical conic coefficients of the second surface of second lens 2, the second surface of fourth lens 4, the second surface of seventh lens 7, the first surface of eighth lens 8, the first surface of thirteenth lens 13, and the second surface of thirteenth lens 13, arranged sequentially along the incident direction of light.

[0078] The space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing field-of-view modulation coding of the present invention implements field-of-view modulation coding in the following principle:

[0079] When a cylindrical mirror with curvature in the Y direction is used as a field-of-view modulation and coding element to shape incident light in a large field of view, it introduces various off-axis aberrations. These off-axis aberrations not only evolve with the field of view position, but their directional differences and amplitude variations also directly determine the adjustable characteristics of the light spot. Specifically, under the action of the sixth lens 6 of the cylindrical mirror, which acts as a field-of-view modulation and coding element: when the field of view expands along the X direction, the coma direction and the principal axis of astigmatism rotate, causing the focal line of the light spot to deflect accordingly; while when the field of view increases along the Y direction, astigmatism and field curvature effects are enhanced, causing the size of the light spot to stretch or shrink in a specific direction. The combined effect significantly changes the geometric characteristics of the light spot, resulting in controllable and differentiated geometric features of the light spot under different fields of view. Based on this principle, this invention utilizes a cylindrical mirror to modulate and shape the light spot to achieve the marking and differentiation of targets in different fields of view.

[0080] Imaging quality of the space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing field-of-view modulation coding of the present invention:

[0081] In the imaging optical path of this invention, the selected small-area detector pixel size is 15μm. For example... Figure 3 As shown, within the 3μm-5μm operating band, the modulation transfer function (MTF) of this imaging optical path remains above 0.30 at the Nyquist frequency of approximately 33.3 lp / mm for a detector pixel size of 15μm, indicating that the present invention still possesses ideal imaging contrast at the cutoff frequency. These results demonstrate that the system aberrations of the present invention are adequately controlled, and edge details, texture information, and contour features are clearly transmitted. This significantly improves target recognition, localization capabilities, and the accuracy of centroid extraction, meeting the requirements for achieving wide-swath space-based infrared detection with the advantages of low power consumption and low cost of a small-target detector.

[0082] like Figure 4 and 5 As shown, the geometric changes in the light spot caused by off-axis aberrations not only possess stable directionality but also exhibit consistent controllability within the two-dimensional field of view. This establishes a physically reasonable and repeatable mapping relationship between aberration-modulated light spot features and the target's field of view position. The encoding mechanism relies on the monotonic and stable trends of the changes in the light spot shape features driven by these aberrations. It is these stable trends that provide sufficient discriminative information to distinguish different sub-field of view regions. This method not only fully utilizes the physical response characteristics of the imaging system but also provides more discriminative feature support for the localization of small targets in complex backgrounds.

[0083] The feasibility of this invention has been verified through theoretical analysis, optical modeling, and numerical simulation. Simulation results show that, under the same detector specifications, this scheme can effectively expand the system's field of view, enabling imaging of multiple field-of-view rays on a single detector array, while maintaining high imaging resolution and spot discrimination. Some functional principles have been preliminarily verified through an experimental platform, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation predictions, indicating that this scheme has good engineering feasibility and application potential.

[0084] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding, characterized in that, The system comprises, in sequence along the light incident direction, a front lens group, a split-field modulation coding element, a rear lens group and a detector multiplexing assembly; The front lens group is used to bear the system focal power and form an intermediate image plane; The split-field modulation coding element is arranged at the intermediate image plane and is used to realize modulation coding of different field partitions of the system; The rear lens group is used to transmit and realize focusing imaging; The detector multiplexing assembly is used to fold the light path and receive the large-field imaging image by a facet array detector.

2. The space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detector multiplexing assembly is composed of four plane mirrors and has a tetrahedron shape, and is used to converge the large-field imaging light on the same facet array detector by folding the light path.

3. The space-based infrared staring imaging system based on detector multiplexing sub-field modulation coding according to claim 1, characterized in that, The split-field modulation coding element is a cylindrical mirror with Y-direction curvature.

4. The detector multiplexing subfield modulation coding based space-borne infrared staring imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The split-field modulation coding element is a phase plate.

5. The detector multiplexing subfield modulation coding based space-borne infrared staring imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The light path structure composed of the front lens group, the split-field modulation coding element and the rear lens group is a refractive structure.

6. The detector multiplexing subfield modulation coding based space-based infrared staring imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The materials of the lenses in the front lens group, the split-field modulation coding element and the rear lens group are SILICA, GERMANIUM or ZNS.

7. The detector multiplexing subfield modulation coding based space-borne infrared staring imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The front lens group comprises, in sequence along the light incident direction, a first lens (1), a second lens (2), a third lens (3), a fourth lens (4) and a fifth lens (5); the first lens (1) is a positive meniscus lens, the second lens (2) is a negative meniscus lens, the third lens (3) is a positive meniscus lens, the fourth lens (4) is a negative meniscus lens, and the fifth lens (5) is a double-convex lens; the split-field modulation coding element is a sixth lens (6). The air gap between the first lens (1) and the second lens (2) is 17.623 mm, the air gap between the second lens (2) and the third lens (3) is 21.186 mm, the air gap between the third lens (3) and the fourth lens (4) is 33.807 mm, the air gap between the fourth lens (4) and the fifth lens (5) is 25.872 mm, and the air gap between the fifth lens (5) and the sixth lens (6) is 38.999 mm.

8. The detector multiplexing subfield modulation coding based space-based infrared staring imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The rear lens group comprises, in sequence along the light incident direction, a seventh lens (7), an eighth lens (8), a ninth lens (9), a tenth lens (10), an eleventh lens (11), a twelfth lens (12) and a thirteenth lens (13); the seventh lens (7) is a negative meniscus lens, the eighth lens (8) is a negative meniscus lens, the ninth lens (9) is a positive meniscus lens, the tenth lens (10) is a positive meniscus lens, the eleventh lens (11) is a negative meniscus lens, the twelfth lens (12) is a positive meniscus lens, and the thirteenth lens (13) is a positive meniscus lens; the split-field modulation coding element is the sixth lens (6); and the detector multiplexing assembly is a fourteenth lens (14). The air gap between the sixth lens (6) and the seventh lens (7) is 50.744 mm, the air gap between the seventh lens (7) and the eighth lens (8) is 20.644 mm, the air gap between the eighth lens (8) and the ninth lens (9) is 21.178 mm, the air gap between the ninth lens (9) and the tenth lens (10) is 99.725 mm, the air gap between the tenth lens (10) and the eleventh lens (11) is 20.722 mm, the air gap between the eleventh lens (11) and the twelfth lens (12) is 31.290 mm, the air gap between the twelfth lens (12) and the thirteenth lens (13) is 45.512 mm, and the air gap between the thirteenth lens (13) and the fourteenth lens (14) is 7 mm.

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