The application discloses a mobile communication system and a terminal direct unicast transmission control method. The method includes the following steps: a first terminal sends a first type of sub-link control signaling, including a first terminal identifier, a second terminal identifier, a resource allocation identifier and a modulation and coding identifier; a second terminal receives a sub-link data signal, and generates a channel quality indicator and re-transmission request information; the second terminal sends a second type of sub-link control signaling to the first terminal, including the second terminal identifier, the first terminal identifier, the channel quality indicator and the re-transmission request information; the first terminal receives the second type of sub-link control signaling, and identifies the second terminal identifier, the first terminal identifier, the channel quality indicator and the re-transmission request information; and the modulation and coding identifier is determined according to the channel quality indicator, and the sub-link data signal is re-transmitted. The mobile communication system includes a base station and at least two terminals. Compared with the prior art, by adopting the scheme of the invention, the transmission reliability can be ensured, the data rate can be increased, and the communication efficiency and security can be improved.